CN1299440A - 液压驱动的无弹簧燃料喷射器 - Google Patents
液压驱动的无弹簧燃料喷射器 Download PDFInfo
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- F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
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- F02M63/0012—Valves
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Abstract
一种具有一个由控制流体液压控制的止回阀(72)的燃料喷射器。由增压器(86)使燃料的容积在喷射器的燃料腔(88)内加压。止回阀(72)控制自燃料腔经阀体的至少一个喷嘴开口(54)流出的燃料流量。控制流体的流量由可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的控制阀(108)控制。当控制阀处于其第一位置时,控制流体产生使止回阀(72)移至关闭位置的液压力。当控制阀(108)处于其第二位置时,控制流体使止回阀(72)移至开启位置以允许加压的燃料自喷嘴开口喷射或喷雾。增压器(86)也可由控制阀(114)液压控制。
Description
发明背境
有关申请的相互对照
本申请为申请号为08/743,858于1996年11月5日申请的共同未决申请的部分继续申请,它是申请号为08/425,602于1995年4月20日申请的它又是申请号为08/254,271,于1994年6月6日申请的现已放弃的申请的继续,现在美国专利No.5,460,329的继续。
1.发明领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机用的燃料喷射器。
2.背景资料
燃料喷射器被用来将加压的燃料输入内燃机的燃烧室中。图1表示现有技术的燃料喷射系统10。该喷射系统包括一个通过增压器腔16与燃料入口14连通的喷嘴12。该增压器腔16包括一个减小腔16容积和增加其中燃料压力的增压器活塞18。增压的燃料经喷嘴12进入发动机的燃烧室。
该增压器活塞18由被提升阀20控制的工作流体移动。工作流体通过入口22进入燃料喷射器。提升阀20与一电磁线圈24相结合,它可有选择地被激磁将阀20拉至开启位置。如图2所示,当电磁线圈24开启提升阀20时,工作流体向增压器活塞18施加一压力。工作流体的压力移动活塞18,并使燃料增压。当电磁线圈24停止激磁时,机械弹簧26和28便使提升阀20及增压器活塞18返回到它们的原位。弹簧30使针阀32回到关闭位置,以关闭喷组12。
由于回归弹簧的响应时间慢,故具有机械回归弹簧的燃料喷射器的动作相当慢。另外,提升阀的弹簧率会产生一个必须由电磁线圈克服的附加力。因此,必须给电磁线圈提供足够的电流的克服弹簧力和阀的惯性。较大的电流会产生附加热,这将降低电磁线圈的寿命和性能。此外,由于弹簧的蠕变和疲劳,弹簧的弹簧率可能随时间而变化。在整个喷射器的寿命期内弹簧率的变化会产生各不相同的结果。最理想的是提供没有任何机械回归弹簧的燃料喷射器。
发明概要
本发明的一个实施例是一种具有一个由控制流体液压控制的止回阀的燃料喷射器。用增压器在喷射器的燃料腔内将燃料的容积压缩。止回阀控制自燃料腔流经阀体喷嘴开口的燃料流量。控制流体的流量由一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的控制阀控制。当控制阀处于第一位置时,控制流体产生使止回阀移至关闭位置的液压力。当控制阀处于第二位置时,控制流体使止回阀移至开启位置。
附图的简要说明
图1是现有技术的燃料喷射器的剖视图;
图2是正在喷射燃料的现有技术燃料喷射器的剖视图;
图3是本发明燃料喷射器实施例的剖视图;
图4是表示正在吸入燃料的燃料喷射器的类似图3的视图;
图5是表示正在喷射燃料的燃料喷射器的类似图3的视图;
图6是燃料喷射器另一实施例的剖视图。
发明详述
本发明的一个实施例是一种具有一个由控制流体液压控制的止回阀或针阀的燃料喷射器。由增压器将燃料容积在喷射器的燃料腔内压缩。该止回阀控制自燃料腔流经阀体的一个或多个喷嘴开口的燃料流量。控制流体的流量由一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的控制阀控制。当控制阀处于其第一位置时,控制流体产生使止回阀移至关闭的液压力。当控制阀处于第二位置时,控制流体使止回阀移至开启位置以允许增压的燃料自喷嘴开口喷出。该增压器也可由控制阀液压控制。该燃料喷射器不包括或不利用任何机械回归弹簧。没有这种弹簧便可增加喷射器的耐久性和性能再现性。此外,止回阀和增压器的位置可由供给高速燃料喷射器的控制流体的液压力快速变化。
更详细地参照标有标号的附图,图3表示本发明所述的燃料喷射器50的一个应用实施例。喷射器50可包括具有至少一个喷嘴开口或燃料弹簧孔54的阀体52。阀体52可包括一个支承喷嘴端部58的外壳56、活塞体或隔套60、一对增压器体或隔套62和64及集流腔体66。阀体52可装于发动机气缸头(未示出)并直接延伸入内部燃烧室(未示出)。壳体56可具有许多外环槽68、用以保持使喷射器50与发动机气缸头密封的O形环(未示出)。此外,喷射器50可包含许多使本体62,64和66与壳体56密封的内O形环70。
喷射器50可包括一个控制流经喷嘴开口54燃料流量的止回阀或针阀72。止回阀72可具有一个位于本体58的喷嘴腔76内的针部74和一个位于本体60的活塞腔80内的活塞部78。活塞78和针74可为2个单独的另件或为一个整件。
活塞腔80可容纳对活塞78的第一表面82或活塞78的第二表面84施加液压力的控制流体。施加于第一表面82的液压力使止回阀72移至关闭位置,此时,止回阀坐合于喷嘴端部58并防止燃料自喷射器50喷出。施加于第二表面84的液压力使止回阀72移至开启位置并允许燃料经喷嘴开口54流出。
喷射器50可包括一个对位于燃料腔88内的燃料加压的增压器86。燃料腔88通过通道90与喷嘴腔76连通。燃料腔88也可通过通道94与燃料入口92连通。通道94可包括一个防止燃料经入口92倒流的入口止回阀96。
增压器86具有一个位于燃料腔88内的活塞部98和一个位于增压器腔102内的头部100。头部100具有大于活塞98有效表面积的有效面积。此面积差提供机械增益以便使作用于头部100的液压力将增压器86自第一位置移至第二位置,并使燃料腔88内的燃料增压。
喷射器50可包括一个与燃料腔88和止回阀72的活塞78连通的平衡轴针104。作用于轴针104的燃料压力与由燃料作用于针74的肩部106上的液压力相抵消以平衡止回阀72,因此止回阀72的移动由作用于活塞78的纯液压力所控制。
增压器86的移动可由经通道110和112与增压器腔102连通的第一控制阀108控制。止回阀72的移动可由经通道116和118与活塞80连通的第二控制阀114控制。控制阀108和114可以通道122与进口120及经通道126与回流口124连通。进口120可与具有增压的控制流体的发动机的干线管路(未示出)连通。该干线管路一般与泵出口连通。该控制流体可为燃料或独立的液压流体。回流口124一般与具有相当低压的排出管连通。
每个阀108和114可具有一个在阀壳130内在第一位置和第二位置间往复移动的滑阀128。每个阀108和114也可具有经端子138与电子控制器136耦合的线圈132和134。控制器136有选择地提供电流给线圈132和134之一。电流产生一个使滑阀128拉向两个位置之一的磁场。
滑阀128和壳体130最好由钢4140制成,因为,即使当不再给线圈132和134提供电流时,它还能保留足够强的剩余磁力保持滑阀128的位置。以此方式,控制器136可用数字脉冲切换阀108和114的状态。控制阀108和114可类似于在授与Sturman的美国专利No.5,640,987中所公开的那些阀,本文引用该专利供参考。
滑阀128最好具有形成通阀的外部槽139。当第一阀108的滑阀128处于其第一位置(例如向右)时,外部槽139在通道112和进口120之间提供流体通路,并在通道110和回流口124之间提供流体通路以迫使增压器86移到其第一位置。当第一阀108的滑阀128处于其第二位置(例如向左)时,通道110与进口流体连通,而通道112与回流口124流体连通,结果使增压器86移向其第二位置而使燃料增压。
当第二控制阀114的滑阀128处于其第二位置时,通道116与进口120流体连通,而通道118与回流口120成流体连通,结果将止回阀72推入关闭位置。当第二控制阀114的滑阀128处于其第二位置时,通道116与回流口124流体连通,而通道118与进口120流体连通,结果将止回阀72移向开启位置。
如图4所示,工作中,使第一控制阀108的滑阀128自其第二位置切换至其第一位置,以使增压器86自其第二位置移向其第一位置。例如,增压器86向上移动使燃料腔88膨胀,并通过入口92和止回阀96吸入燃料。通常,第一控制阀108的滑阀128保持在其关闭位置,以防燃料经喷嘴开口54流出。
如图5所示,为自喷射器50喷射或被喷雾燃料,要使第二控制阀114的滑阀128自其第一位置切换至其第二位置。增压器86移向其第二(例如向下)位置,以使燃料腔88内的燃料增压。止回阀72被移向其开启位置,以允许增压的燃料经喷嘴开口54流出。然后,切换相应的控制阀108和114的滑阀128至它们相应的第一位置,并重复此循环。
图6表示燃料喷射器50’的另一个实施例。在此实施例中,输入通道122通过通道122’与活塞腔80连通。由活塞腔80中控制流体的有效压力将止回阀72偏压到其关闭位置。当增压器86移到其第二位置时,燃料压力比控制流体压力大得多,结果燃料压力推动止回阀72远离喷嘴开口54。当增压器86回到其第一位置(例如向上)时,燃料压力下降,而通道122’内的工作流体压力移动止回阀78,并关闭喷嘴54。
虽然在相关的附图中已就某个示例性实施例作了说明和图示,但应当理解,这些应用实施例仅仅是示例性的,不应对本发明有限制,并且,本发明不限于以上所示和所述的特定结构及配置。因为,那些熟悉本技术的普通人员可对它作各种其它的修改。
Claims (15)
1.一种燃料喷射器,包括:
一个具有与至少一个喷嘴开口流体连通的燃料腔的阀体;
一个可在所述阀体内于第一位置和第二位置之间移动的增压器,所述的增压器当它自其第一位置移向其第二位置时可工作,以对所述燃料腔内的燃料加压;和,
一个可在所述的阀体内于开启位置和关闭位置间移动的液压控制的止回阀,当所述止回阀处于所述开启位置时,它可工作以允许燃料自所述燃料腔经所述喷嘴开口流出。
2.按权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,还包括一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的控制阀,当所述的控制阀处于所述第一位置时,它可工作以允许控制流体使所述的止回阀移入所述关闭位置,而当它处于所述的第二位置时可使所述止回阀移入所述开启位置。
3.按权利要求2所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述的控制阀是一回通阀。
4.按权利要求2所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述的控制阀具有一对相对的电磁线圈。
5.按权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,还包括一个被配置成与所述止回阀和所述燃料腔成第三流体连通的平衡轴针。
6.按权利要求2所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述的控制阀的所述位置是由所述控制阀的剩余磁力保持的。
7.一种燃料喷射器,包括:
一个具有与至少一个喷嘴开口流体连通的燃料腔的阀体;
一个可在所述阀体内于第一位置和第二位置之间移动的增压器,所述的增压器当它自其第一位置移向其第二位置时,可工作以对所述燃料腔内的燃料加压;
一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的第一控制阀,当所述第一控制阀处于所述第一位置时,它可工作以允许控制流体使所述增压器移至所述第一位置,而当它处于所述的第二位置时可使所述的增压器移至所述第二位置;
一个可在所述阀体内在开启位置和关闭位置间移动的止回阀,当所述的止回阀处于所述开启位置时,它可工作以允许燃料自所述燃料腔经所述喷嘴流出;和
一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的第二控制阀,当所述第二控制阀处于所述第一位置时,它可工作以允许控制流体使所述止回阀移至所述关闭位置,而当它处于所述第二位置时,使所述的止回阀移至所述开启位置。
8.按权利要求7所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述第一和第二控制阀各有一回通阀。
9.按权利要求7所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述的第一和第二控制阀各具有一对相对的电磁线圈。
10.按权利要求7所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,还包括一个被配置成与所述止回阀和所述燃料腔流体连通的平衡轴针。
11.按权利要求7所述的燃料喷射器,其特征在于,所述第一和第二控制阀的所述位置是由所述控制阀的剩余磁力保持的。
12.一种有选择地移动燃料喷射器的止回阀的方法,包括下列步骤:
a)给所述止回阀的第一表面施加一液压力,以使所述止回阀移向关闭位置;和
b)给所述止回阀的第二表面施加一液压力,以使所述止回阀移向开启位置移动。
13.按权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,由被控制阀控制的控制流体产生液压力。
14.按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,通过将所述控制阀移至第一位置而产生步骤(a)中的液压力、并通过将所述的控制阀移向第二位置而产生步骤(b)中的液压力。
15.按权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,由所述控制阀的剩余磁力保持所述控制阀的所述位置。
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CN99805775A Expired - Fee Related CN1111651C (zh) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-03 | 液压驱动的无弹簧燃料喷射器和操作方法 |
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US (1) | US6161770A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1076769B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002513885A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1111651C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU3969499A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2331163C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69924248T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999057430A1 (zh) |
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US5669355A (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1997-09-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydraulically-actuated fuel injector with direct control needle valve |
US5445129A (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1995-08-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method for controlling a hydraulically-actuated fuel injection system |
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US5638781A (en) | 1995-05-17 | 1997-06-17 | Sturman; Oded E. | Hydraulic actuator for an internal combustion engine |
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GB9615663D0 (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1996-09-04 | Lucas Ind Plc | Fuel pumping apparatus |
US5682858A (en) | 1996-10-22 | 1997-11-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydraulically-actuated fuel injector with pressure spike relief valve |
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US6026785A (en) | 1998-05-08 | 2000-02-22 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydraulically-actuated fuel injector with hydraulically assisted closure of needle valve |
-
1998
- 1998-05-04 US US09/072,318 patent/US6161770A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-03 JP JP2000547357A patent/JP2002513885A/ja active Pending
- 1999-05-03 DE DE69924248T patent/DE69924248T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-03 CN CN99805775A patent/CN1111651C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-03 AU AU39694/99A patent/AU3969499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-03 CA CA002331163A patent/CA2331163C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-03 EP EP99922774A patent/EP1076769B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-03 WO PCT/US1999/009669 patent/WO1999057430A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111601652A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2020-08-28 | 库利甘国际公司 | 具有嵌入式止回阀的软化器喷射器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2331163A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
US6161770A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
WO1999057430A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
CN1111651C (zh) | 2003-06-18 |
AU3969499A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
DE69924248T2 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
EP1076769B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
EP1076769A1 (en) | 2001-02-21 |
CA2331163C (en) | 2007-04-10 |
DE69924248D1 (de) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2002513885A (ja) | 2002-05-14 |
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