CN1286366C - 水包油型乳液杀虫剂制剂 - Google Patents
水包油型乳液杀虫剂制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1286366C CN1286366C CNB018198341A CN01819834A CN1286366C CN 1286366 C CN1286366 C CN 1286366C CN B018198341 A CNB018198341 A CN B018198341A CN 01819834 A CN01819834 A CN 01819834A CN 1286366 C CN1286366 C CN 1286366C
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- Prior art keywords
- ester
- preparation
- water
- pyrethroid
- acid
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
一种可用于防治害虫的水包油型乳液制剂，其中包括a)一种或多种杀虫剂，具体为拟除虫菊酯；b)一种或多种选自脂族单羧酸酯、脂族二羧酸酯、芳族单羧酸酯、芳族二羧酸酯以及磷酸三正烷基酯的溶剂；c)含有一种或多种阴离子表面活性剂及二种或多种非离子表面活性剂的乳化剂系统，其中一种的HLB值为4-12，另一种的HLB值为12-20；d)一种或多种膜形成剂/增稠剂；以及e)水。
Description
本发明涉及为水包油型(EW)乳液形式的液体杀虫剂制剂，具体为拟除虫菊酯，涉及这种EW制剂的生产方法以及其在害虫防治方面的用途。
由于害虫对农作物、木材、纺织物等会造成很大危害，并且由于其在人类、动物及农作物中具有引起和传播疾病的作用，使用化学农药仍然是不可避免的。杀虫剂在整体性害虫防治中起着重要的作用，并且对保证在全球范围内有可接受的农作物产量是必须的。
拟除虫菊酯(天然的及合成的)是一种特别重要的亲脂性农药。其杀节肢动物的性质是基于其强烈影响节肢动物神经膜的钠通道。
针对喷撒施用的液体制剂的应用是最终用户保护其农作物免受害虫侵扰的一种方便工具。液体产品在掺混到水中之前可以很容易地定量加药，并且在加入喷撒槽时可以很容易地分散和稀释。
这特别适用于液体杀虫制剂，特别是含有一种或多种拟除虫菊酯作为活性物质的液体制剂。常规的液体杀虫剂和具体的拟除虫菊酯制剂是可乳化的浓缩物(EC)，所述浓缩物通常以芳烃溶剂如二甲苯等为基础。
在WO-A 90/09 103中公开了拟除虫菊酯的水包油型乳液制剂。在这种制剂中，部分有机溶剂被水替代从而提供更为环保的产品。
EW对最终用户来说也是有利的，因为与EC不同，EW-制剂在制备实际应用的喷撒混合物前已经形成乳液，因此其可以很容易地被稀释。很容易理解的是与生产稳定EW-制剂相关的技术问题是相当不同的，且比生产EC所遇到的技术问题更为复杂。
虽然已知的拟除虫菊酯EW制剂已经表现出非常有利的特性，但仍然有改进的余地，例如改进该制剂的毒理学特性。
现在已经令人惊讶地发现基于羧酸酯作为有机溶剂，可以制备毒性明显降低的含杀虫剂，具体为拟除虫菊酯的稳定的EW-制剂。
与WO-A 90/09103中所公开的制剂不同，本发明的制剂不需要芳烃作为溶剂或助溶剂。
EP-A 0 567 368公开了含拟除虫菊酯的EC，其中芳烃被一种或多种联苯衍生物、极性助溶剂及植物油的组合物替代，从而达到改进的吸入耐受性。WO-A 96/01047公开了含植物油或其它酯作为有机溶剂的具有改善的眼睛耐受性的含拟除虫菊酯的EC。但是这些文献都没有提到EW-制剂。
因此，本发明的一个方面是提供一种水包油型乳液，其包括：
a)一种或多种杀虫剂，具体为拟除虫菊酯；
b)一种或多种选自脂族单羧酸酯、脂族二羧酸酯、芳族单羧酸酯、芳族二羧酸酯和磷酸三正烷基酯的溶剂；
c)含有一种或多种阴离子表面活性剂及二种或多种非离子表面活性剂的乳化剂系统，其中一种的HLB值为4-12，另一种的HLB值为12-20；
d)一种或多种膜形成剂/增稠剂；以及
e)水。
本发明的EW显示出明显降低了的急性毒性特征，其在许多情况下不被分类为具有急性口服毒性。这意味着对大鼠而言，急性口服LD50要高于2000mg/kg体重，并且制剂不刺激皮肤和眼睛。同时该制剂显示出极佳的生物功效，以及常见于EW的全部其它优点，例如对用户有利和降低的芳族溶剂含量。
术语EW制剂指未稀释的制剂。
本发明的制剂含有一种或多种，优选为1或2种，具体为1种杀虫剂，优选为选自天然或合成的拟除虫菊酯。
杀虫剂的合适例子为：
1、磷化合物
高灭磷、唑啶磷、乙基谷硫磷、谷硫磷、溴硫磷、乙基溴硫磷、硫线磷(F-67825)、壤虫氯磷、毒虫畏、氯甲磷、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、一0五九、甲基一0五九、磺吸磷、氯亚磷、二嗪农、敌敌畏、百治磷、乐果、乙拌磷、苯硫磷、乙硫磷、灭克磷、氧嘧啶磷、氨磺磷、克线磷、杀螟松(fenitriothion)、丰索磷、倍硫磷、地虫磷、安果、噻唑酮磷(ASC-66824)、庚虫磷、氯唑磷、叶蚜磷、异唑磷、马拉松、虫螨畏、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、杀抗松、速灭磷、久效磷、二溴磷、氧化乐果、砜吸磷、一六0五、甲基一六0五、稻丰散、三九一一、伏杀磷、棉安磷、乙丙磷威(BAS-301)、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、腈肟磷、pirimiphos、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、丙溴磷、丙虫磷、proetamphos、丙硫磷、吡唑硫磷、打杀磷(pyridapenthion)、喹磷、乙丙硫磷、双硫磷、特丁磷、嘧丙磷、杀虫畏、甲基乙拌磷、triazophos、敌百虫、蚜灭多；
2、氨基甲酸酯
棉铃畏(OK-135)、涕灭威、2-仲-丁基苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯(BPMC)、西维因、虫螨威、丁硫克百威、除线威、丙硫克百威、苯虫威、呋线威、HCN-801、异丙威、灭多虫、5-甲基m-枯烯基丁酰基(甲基)氨基甲酸酯、甲氨叉威、抗蚜威、残杀威、硫双灭多威、特氨叉威、1-甲基硫(亚乙基氨基)-N-甲基-N-(吗啉基硫代)氨基甲酸酯(UC51717)、唑蚜威；
3、拟除虫菊酯
氟酯菊酯、丙烯除虫菊、甲体氯氰菊酯(alphametrin)、5-苄基-3-呋喃基甲基(E)-，(1R)-顺-2，2-二甲基-3-(2-氧亚硫代戊环-3-基甲基)环丙烷羧酸酯、β-氟氯氰菊酯、乙体氯氰菊酯、反丙烯除虫菊、反丙烯除虫菊((S)-环戊基异构体)、右旋反灭虫菊酯、氟氯菊酯、(1RS)-反-3-(4-叔-丁基苯基)-2，2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(RS)-1-氰基-1-(6-苯氧基-2-吡啶基)甲酯(NCI 85193)、乙氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、(RS)氟氯氰菊酯、cythithrin、氯氰菊酯、苯醚氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、烯炔菊酯、高氰戊菊酯、五氟苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、杀灭菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯、氟氯苯菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯(D异构体)、咪炔菊酯(S-41311)、氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、苯醚菊酯((R)-异构体)、炔酮菊酯、除虫菊酯(天然产品)、灭虫菊、七氟菊酯、胺菊酯、辛体氯氰菊酯(TD-2344)、四溴菊酯、四氟菊酯、己体氯氰菊酯(F-56701)；
4、脒
虫螨脒、杀虫脒；
5、锡化合物
三环锡、杀螨锡；
6、其他。
齐墩螨素、ABG-9008、吡虫清、Anagrapha falcitera、AKD-1022、AKD-3059、ANS-118、苏金杆菌、Beauveria bassiaha、杀虫磺、联苯肼酯(D-2341)、乐杀螨、BJL-932、溴螨酯、BTG-504、BTG-505、噻嗪酮、毒杀芬、巴丹、chlorbenzilate、氟唑虫清、定虫隆、2-(4-氯苯基)-4，5-二苯基噻吩(UBI-T 930)、chlorfentezine、chromafenozide(ANS-118)、CG-216、CG-217、CG-234、A-184699、(2-萘基甲基)环丙烷羧酸盐(Ro 12-0470)、灭蝇胺、diacloden(thiamethoxam)、杀螨硫隆、N-(3，5-二氯-4-(1，1，2，3，3，3-六氟-1-丙氧基)苯基氨基甲酰基)-2-氯苯并亚酰胺酸乙酯、DDT、开乐散、氟脲杀、N-(2，3-二氢-3-甲基-1，3-亚噻唑-2-基)-2，4-二甲代苯胺、敌螨通、敌螨普、茂醚、DPX-062、emamectin benzoate(MK-244)、硫丹、ethiprole(sulfethiprole)、醚菊酯、特苯唑(YI-5301)、奎螨醚、双氧威、锐劲特、氟啶蜱脲、氟螨嗪(氟螨嗪，SZI-121)、2-氟-5-(4-(4-乙氧基苯基)-4-甲基-1-戊基)二苯基醚(MTI 800)、granulosis及核式多角体病毒(nuclear polyhedrosisviruses)、唑螨酯、fenthiocarb、噻唑螨、氟螨脲、氟虫脲、氟丙苄醚(ICI-A5683)、fluproxyfen、林丹-HCH、特丁苯酰肼(RH-0345)、卤醚菊酯(MTI-732)、氟铃脲(DE_473)、噻螨酮、HOI-9004、灭蚁腙(AC217300)、氯丙氧脲、吡虫啉、二唑虫(DPX-MP062)、灭螨醌(AKD-2023)、M-020、MTI-446、齐墩螨素、M-020、甲氧苯酰肼(麦草畏，RH-2485)、米尔螨素、哒嗪氧威-196、neemgard、硝胺烯啶(TI-304)、2-硝基甲基-4，5-二氢-6H-噻嗪(DS 52618)、2-硝基甲基-3，4-二氢噻唑(硝虫噻嗪)、2-硝基亚甲基-1，2-噻嗪-3-基氨基甲酸醛(噻虫醛)、蚊蝇醚(S-71639)、哒嗪氧威-196、NC-1111、NNI-9768、双苯氟脲(MCW-275)、OK-9701、OK-9601、OK-9602、克螨特、拒嗪酮(pymethrozine)、哒螨酮、嘧胺苯醚(SU-8801)、特丁苯酰肼、甲氧苯酰肼、RYI-210、S-1283、S-1833、SB7242、米尔螨素、灭虫硅醚、silomadine(CG-177)、艾克敌105、SU-9118、双苯酰肼、吡满胺(MK-239)、伏虫隆、三氟杀螨砜、杀螨好、thiacloprid、硫环杀、TI-435、tolfenpyrad(OMI-88)、唑蚜威(RH-7988)、杀虫隆、verbutin、表柯特尔(Mykotal)、YI-5301。
优选的杀虫剂是天然或合成的拟除虫菊酯，例如：氟酯菊酯、丙烯除虫菊、甲体氯氰菊酯(alphametrin)、5-苄基-3-呋喃基甲基(E)-，(1R)-顺-2，2-二甲基-3-(2-氧亚硫代戊环-3-基甲基)环丙烷羧酸酯、β-氟氯氰菊酯、乙体氯氰菊酯、反丙烯除虫菊、反丙烯除虫菊((S)-环戊基异构体)、右旋反灭虫菊酯、氟氯菊酯、(1RS)-反-3-(4-叔-丁基苯基)-2，2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(RS)-1-氰基-1-(6-苯氧基-2-吡啶基)甲酯(NCI85193)、乙氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、(RS)氟氯氰菊酯、cythithrin、氯氰菊酯、苯醚氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、烯炔菊酯、高氰戊菊酯、五氟苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、杀灭菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯、氟氯苯菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯(D异构体)、咪炔菊酯(S-41311)、氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、苯醚菊酯((R)-异构体)、炔酮菊酯、除虫菊酯(天然产品)、灭虫菊、七氟菊酯、胺菊酯、辛体氯氰菊酯(TD-2344)、四溴菊酯、四氟菊酯、己体氯氰菊酯(F-56701)。
优选为氟酯菊酯、反丙烯除虫菊、(S)-反丙烯除虫菊和溴氰菊酯。特别优选为氟酯菊酯和/或溴氰菊酯，最优选为溴氰菊酯。
使用一种或多种拟除虫菊酯和一种或多种非拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂如菲普鲁来斯、nitromethylenes、氨基甲酸酯的混合物也是优选的。对于非拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂，菲普鲁来斯、吡虫清和抗蚜威是特别优选的。
活性物质的浓度通常为0.05-200g/l，优选为0.1-50g/l，具体为1-25g/l。
所提到的拟除虫菊酯和其它杀虫剂是公知的并且可商购得到。例如在《农药手册》(The Pesticide Manual)，11th ed.，British CropProtection Council，Farnham 1997中对它们进行了描述。
用作有机溶剂的酯为脂族单羧酸酯、脂族二-或三羧酸酯、芳族单羧酸酯、芳族二-或三羧酸酯以及磷酸三正烷基酯，优选为磷酸三-n-(C1-C6)烷基酯，例如磷酸三正丁酯。
优选为脂族单羧酸酯、脂族二-或三羧酸酯及芳族单羧酸酯。
脂肪单羧酸酯的例子为脂肪酸的脂族酯(如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、异己基、正庚基、异庚基、正辛基、乙基己基、正壬基和异壬基酯)和脂肪酸的芳族酯(如苄基酯)，其中脂肪酸如乙酸(如乙酸乙酯和乙酸正丁酯)、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、辛酸与癸酸的混合物、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸与肉豆蔻酸的混合物、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸与硬脂酸的混合物、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈脑酸、油酸、亚油酸或亚麻酸、或含有其它官能团的羧酸如乳酸(例如乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、乳酸乙基己基酯或乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯)。
优选的脂族单羧酸酯为植物或动物油。在这里应用的术语植物油包括由植物产生的油，例如菜子油、大豆油、棕榈油、葵花油、棉花油、玉米油、亚麻子油、椰子油、蓟油或蓖麻油。在这里应用的术语动物油包括由动物产生的油，例如牛油。单羧酸酯的其它例子包括这些油的酯基转移作用的产物例如烷基酯，例如菜子油甲酯，如Radia7961(Fina Chemicals，Belgium)，或菜子油乙酯。
植物油优选为C10-C22，进一步优选为C12-C20的脂肪酸的酯。这些C10-C22脂肪酸酯为不饱和的或饱和的C10-C22脂肪酸的酯，具体为具有偶数个碳原子的脂肪酸，例如顺-芥酸、异-芥酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、具体为C18-脂肪酸如硬脂酸、亚油酸或亚麻酸的酯。
C10-C22脂肪酸酯的例子是通过甘油或乙二醇与产油植物的油中所含有的C10-C22脂肪酸反应所得到的酯，以及可得自于由所述C10-C22脂肪酸甘油-或乙二醇酯与C1-C20醇类(例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇或丁醇)进行酯基转移作用而形成的(C10-C22)-脂肪酸的(C1-C20)-烷基酯。酯基转移作用按本领域熟知的方法实行例如在Rmps Chemie Lexikon，9thedition，volume 2，page 1343，Thieme Verlag，Stuttgart中所描述的方法。
优选的C10-C22脂肪酸的C1-C20烷基酯为甲酯、乙酯、n-丙酯、异丙酯、n-丁酯、异丁酯、n-戊酯、异戊酯、新戊酯、n-已酯、异己酯、n-庚酯、异庚酯、n-辛酯、2-乙基-己酯、n-壬酯、异壬酯和十二烷基酯。对于甘油和乙二醇的C10-C22脂肪酸酯来说，单一的或混合的C10-C22脂肪酸的甘油或乙二醇酯是优选的，具体为带有偶数个碳原子的脂肪酸，例如顺-芥酸、异-芥酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸，具体为C18脂肪酸如硬酯酸、亚油酸或亚麻酸的酯。
本发明的EW制剂可以包含为商购油性制剂辅剂形式的植物油，例如基于菜子油的，如Hasten(Victorian Chemical Company，Australia，主要成分为菜子油乙酯)、ActirobB(Novance，France，主要成分为菜子油甲酯)、Rako-Binol(Bayer AG，Germany，主要成分为菜子油)、Renol(Stefes，Germany，主要成分为菜子油甲酯)或StefesMero(Stefes，Germany，主要成分为菜子油甲酯)。
芳族单羧酸酯的例子包括苯甲酸酯(例如苯甲酸正丁酯、苯甲酸苄酯、苯甲酸癸酯、苯甲酸十二烷基酯、苯甲酸己酯、苯甲酸异硬脂酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸十八烷基酯、苯甲酸C12-C15烷基酯)或水杨酸酯。
脂族二-或三羧酸酯的例子包括马来酸酯(甲酯、乙酯)、己二酸的二酯或三酯衍生物(例如己二酸二异丙酯(例如CrodamolDA(CrodaOleochemicals，UK)、己二酸二异丁酯)、柠檬酸的二酯或三酯衍生物(例如柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯)、戊二酸二酯或三酯衍生物、琥珀酸的二酯或三酯衍生物(例如二元酯：己二酸、戊二酸和琥珀酸的甲酯混合物)，或癸二酸的二酯或三酯衍生物(例如癸二酸正辛酯)。
芳族二羧酸酯的例子包括邻苯二甲酸酯(例如邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯)。
除了使用一种酯作为溶剂外，应用两种或多种酯作溶剂也是优选的。
特别当活性物质在酯溶剂中不可溶时，加入一种或多种极性助溶剂是有利的。在这里应用的极性助溶剂指的是在水中完全或部分溶解(例如从0.1-100％)的助溶剂。通常依据其低毒性和对皮肤和眼睛低刺激性角度来选择助溶剂。
极性助溶剂的例子包括酮(例如环己酮、苯乙酮、甲基n-戊基酮或2-庚酮)、醇(例如苯甲醇)、烷基酰胺(例如n，n-二甲基乙酰胺)、烷基吡咯烷酮(例如n-甲基吡咯烷酮、n-辛基吡咯烷酮、n-十二烷基吡咯烷酮或n-羟基2-乙基吡咯烷酮)、二烷基亚砜(例如二甲亚砜)、醚(例如苯甲醚和1-甲氧基-2-丙醇)或脲的衍生物(例如二甲基丙烯脲)。
优选的极性助溶剂为环已酮(在水中的溶解度：室温下为8％)、2-庚酮、苄醇(在水中的溶解度：室温下为4％)、n，n-二甲基乙酰胺(在水中的溶解度：可溶，无数据)、n-甲基吡咯烷酮(在水中的溶解度：室温下为100％)、二甲亚砜(在水中的溶解度：室温下为100％)，以及1-甲氧基-2-丙醇(在水中的溶解度：室温下为100％)，特别当与用作活性物质的溴氰菊酯组合应用时。
极性助溶剂含量通常为1-25wt％，优选为2-20wt％，具体为8-20wt％。助溶剂的含量通常是选择尽可能低但足以增加活性物质的溶解度，使得在成品中有足够量的活性物质，并且防止在施用前在稀释过程中结晶。
在一个优选实施方案中，本发明的制剂除了作为主要溶剂的酯化合物和任选的极性助溶剂外，不包含任何其它溶剂，也就是说，制剂的溶剂部分主要由酯组分和任选的一种或多种极性助溶剂组成。
该制剂还包括含有一种或多种阴离子乳化剂和二种或多种非离子乳化剂的乳化剂系统。
阴离子乳化剂的例子为多元(优选为2-30)乙氧基化的(优选为C6-C22)脂肪醇的磷酸酯和硫酸酯，例如乙氧基化(2EO(EO指环氧乙烷单元))油醇磷酸酯(例如EmpiphosO3D，Albright & Wilson，UK)、乙氧基化油醇磷酸酯(例如CrodafosN系列，Croda Oleochemicals，UK)、乙氧基化(2-10 EO)鲸蜡/硬脂醇磷酸酯(例如CrodafosCS系列，Croda Oleochemicals，UK)、乙氧基化(4-6 EO)三癸醇磷酸酯(例如EmphosPS系列，CK Witco，USA)、乙氧基化脂肪醇磷酸酯(例如CrafolAP系列，Henkel Iberica，Spain)、乙氧基化(3-6 EO)脂肪醇磷酸酯(例如Rhodafac系列，Rhodia Chimie，France)、复合有机磷酸酯的自由酸(例如Beycostat系列，Ceca S.A.，France)、聚乙氧基化(8-25EO)芳基酚(例如聚乙氧基化二-和三苯乙烯基酚)的磷酸酯(例如Soprophor 3D33，Rhodia Chimie，France)、聚乙氧基化芳基酚(例如聚乙氧基化二-和三苯乙烯基酚)的硫酸酯(例如Soprophor DSS/7，Soprophor 4D384，Rhodia Chimie，France)、烷基苯磺酸的无机盐(例如十二烷基苯磺酸钙)或多元羧酸的无机盐，其中钠盐和钾盐是优选的。
非离子乳化剂通常为聚乙氧基化烷基酚。合适的非离子乳化剂的例子包括聚乙氧基化(30-40EO)蓖麻油、聚乙氧基化(6-20EO)脂肪(C8-C22)醇、聚乙氧基化(8-25EO)芳基酚(例如聚乙氧基化二-和三苯乙烯基酚)、三癸醇聚乙二醇醚(例如乙氧基化(6EO)三癸醇：GenapolX-060，Clariant，Germany)聚烷氧基化烷基醚(例如聚烷氧基化丁基醚：WitconolNS 500K，CK Witco，USA)、环氧乙烷环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物(分子量范围为4,000-20,000，优选为6,500-15,000)。
通常使用的组合物是阴离子乳化剂与二种或多种，优选为两种非离子乳化剂的组合，其中一种非离子乳化剂的HLB范围为4-12，优选为8-12，另一种非离子乳化剂的HLB范围为12-20，优选为14-18。这将确保EW制剂在高温和低温下均有特别好的物理化学行为。
HLB(亲水性-亲脂性-平衡常数)是由W.C.Griffin定义的经验标准(J.Soc.Cosmetic Chemists，1，311(1949))，其表示乳化剂(具体为非离子表面活性剂)的亲水亲油特性。亲水性最弱的表面活性剂被指定为具有最低的HLB值。
所述制剂通常含有0.01-20wt％，优选为0.1-10wt％的阴离子和非离子乳化剂的组合物，更优选的是0.01-10wt％，更具体为0.1-3wt％的阴离子乳化剂和0.01-15wt％，更具体为0.1-7wt％的二种或多种非离子乳化剂的组合物。
该制剂进一步含有一种或多种膜形成剂/增稠剂。合适的膜形成剂/增稠剂的例子包括热塑性树脂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(例如Luviskol K90，其特征在于K指数为88-96，所述K指数指含1w/w％的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的水溶液的粘度等级，BASF AG，Germany)、或通过乙酸聚乙烯酯部分水解得到的聚乙烯醇(例如Mowiol产品，其特征在于含4w/w％ Mowiol的水溶液的粘度等级，Clariant，Germany)、或乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(例如Agrimer VA6，其为60％的乙烯基吡咯烷酮，ISP，USA)。
结合膜形成剂/增稠剂应用足够的乳化剂是确保所述制剂具有良好稳定性的有利方法。
膜形成剂/增稠剂的添加量通常为0.1-5wt％，具体为0.5-3.0wt％。
该制剂通常含有5-99wt％，优选为10-85wt％，更优选为45-65wt％的水。
该制剂任选包括进一步的添加剂或辅剂，优选为抗冻剂、稳定剂、防沫剂和消泡剂、防腐剂、着色剂和/或掩味产品。
合适的抗冻剂的例子包括乙二醇、单丙二醇、甘油、己二醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、环己醇、具体为单丙二醇。
它们任选以优选量1-30wt％，具体为5-15wt％添加。
在制剂中任选添加的稳定剂为酸，优选为有机酸如十二烷基苯磺酸、乙酸、丙酸或柠檬酸，具体为柠檬酸以及抗氧化剂例如丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)，具体为丁基羟基甲苯。
稳定剂任选通常以0.01-2wt％，具体为0.1-1wt％的量加入。
优选的防沫剂和消泡剂以硅氧烷为基础，特别优选为二烷基聚硅氧烷的水性乳液，其可由Rhodia Chimie France以Rhodorsil426R、由Wacker Germany以Wacker SE系列商购得到，以及作为油的二烷基聚硅氧烷混合物，其可由Rhodia Chimie France以Rhodorsil416、由Wacker，Germany以Wacker S184或Wacker SL商购得到。
防沫剂/消泡剂通常以0.01-2wt％，优选为0.1-1.5wt％的量任选加入。
常用的防腐剂被任选加入，尤其是苯甲酸、山梨酸、甲醛的衍生物，具体为对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(例如PreservalM(Laserson & Sabetay，France)和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(例如PreservalP(Laserson & Sabetay，France)的混合物，添加量通常为0.1-1.0wt％，具体为0.2-0.5wt％。
进一步优选的任选添加剂为着色剂例如VitasynPatentblau(Clariant，Germany)和掩味产品如多种天然和合成香料的混合物，例如PerfumeTM 4242(Technicoflor，France)。
它们通常以0.01-1wt％，具体为0.1-0.5wt％的着色剂和0.02-2wt％，具体为0.1-1wt％的掩味产品的量任选加入。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一种用于生产杀虫剂的方法，具体为生产上述的拟除虫菊酯水包油型(EW)乳液，其中包括三个步骤：
A.在有机溶剂和任选的极性助溶剂中，制备含有杀虫剂、乳化剂系统和任选的其它助剂的有机相；
B.制备含有水、膜形成剂或增稠剂和其它亲水性助剂的水相；以及
C.在高剪切力下混合有机相和水相，从而得到水包油型乳液。
更具体地：
-A有机相的制备，其中包括优选使用一个混合器，例如桨式搅拌器，将杀虫剂，具体为拟除虫菊酯活性物质溶解在一种或多种有机溶剂和任选地极性助溶剂中，并且进一步加入乳化剂和任选的稳定剂和/或防腐剂。
任选可包括一个加热(到30℃)步骤从而使亲水性乳化剂更容易溶解。
-B水相的制备，其中包括使用转子-定子Ultra-Dispersor(低速)使水与任选的抗冻剂混合，随后加入膜形成剂/增稠剂。有利的是将聚合粉末(膜形成剂)喷撒在水相中以控制块状物的形成。
可应用混合器如桨式搅拌器将下列任选组分在室温下加入到上述液相中：
-着色剂和
-掩味产品
-消泡剂
维持混合操作直到得到均匀的水相。
-C该第三步骤包括优选在室温和高剪切力条件下，例如应用高剪切力混合器如可由Silverson(UK)和IKA(Germany)得到的转子定子混合器，使在步骤B中得到的水或水相分散在步骤A中得到的有机相中，从而制备最终的拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂水包油型(EW)乳液。优选在没有任何搅拌时先将两相放在一起。然后使该混合物经受强的高剪切力作用(T＝35℃最大)。
利用所述方法制备的杀虫剂，具体为拟除虫菊酯水包油型(EW)乳液优选具有如下特性：
-应用配备有在30和60rpm下旋转的LV2组件的Brookfield装置，本发明的EW制剂的粘度值范围为50-150mPas。该测量是在温度为25±5℃下进行的；
-当在水中进一步稀释制剂(在100ml容积的量筒中使0.01-5w/v％的制剂与水混合)时，制剂因粘度低其起霜和自发性特征是很突出的；
-使用激光粒度分析仪例如Cilas和Malvern公司的商业化设备测量，液滴粒度分布特性为平均直径范围为0.3-0.8微米，且总数的80％低于1微米。
本发明的EW制剂优选在54℃下至少稳定2周，在50℃和-10℃下至少稳定6周，并且在室温条件下至少稳定两年。
本发明还涉及一种防治害虫的方法，例如有害的节肢动物、有害的昆虫和螨虫，所述方法包括将有效量的上述杀虫剂具体为拟除虫菊酯的水包油型(EW)组合物，优选为水溶液稀释液的形式，施加到这些害虫或感染害虫的植物、土壤、表面等上，并且本发明涉及杀虫剂具体为拟除虫菊酯的水包油型(EW)制剂在农作物保护中的用途，进一步防治害虫的用途如病媒防治、家庭用途、宠物环境等以及兽医应用。
本发明的组合物可以用需要量的水稀释水包油型(EW)乳液、短暂地搅拌混合物并施用到植物、土壤、表面等而简单地施用。
本发明进一步用实施例来说明，其编排在表1中，但本发明不局限于这些实施例。
表1
(每种成分的浓度均为g/l)
| 实施例编号 | ||||||||||||
| 组分(商标名) | 组分(功能) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 溴氰菊酯(98.5％) | 活性物质 | 5.1 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | |
| 锐劲特 | 活性物质 | 15.0 | ||||||||||
| 邻苯二甲酸二乙酯 | 溶剂 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | ||||||
| Crodamol DA | 溶剂 | 149.5 | 149.5 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 162.7 | 162.7 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |||
| 苯甲酸正丁酯 | 溶剂 | 107.8 | ||||||||||
| 苯甲酸苄酯 | 溶剂 | 120.0 | ||||||||||
| 菜子油甲酯 | 溶剂 | 300.0 | ||||||||||
| 磷酸三丁酯 | 溶剂 | 150.0 | ||||||||||
| 环己酮 | 助溶剂 | 130.0 | 130.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | ||
| 庚-2酮 | 助溶剂 | 90.0 | ||||||||||
| DMSO | 助溶剂 | 60.0 | ||||||||||
| Empiphos O3D | 阴离子乳化剂 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Genapol X-060 | 非离子乳化剂 | 20.0 | 35.0 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.0 |
| Witconol NS 500K | 非离子乳化剂 | 40.0 | 35.0 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.0 |
| Luviskol K90 | 膜形成剂 | 10.0 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 5.0 |
| Rhodorsil 416 | 消泡剂 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| Rhodorsil 426R | 消泡剂 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| Preserval P | 防腐剂 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | ||
| Preserval M | 防腐剂 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | ||
| 柠檬酸 | 稳定剂 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||||
| Perfume TM 4242 | 香料 | 0.5 | ||||||||||
| Vitasyn Patentblau | 着色剂 | 0.2 | ||||||||||
| 丙二醇 | 抗冻剂 | 80.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 100.0 | ||
| 水，调整至 | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | 1l | |
Claims (15)
1.一种水包油型乳液制剂，其中包括：
a)一种或多种杀虫剂；
b)一种或多种选自脂族单羧酸酯、脂族二羧酸酯、芳族单羧酸酯、芳族二羧酸酯以及磷酸三正烷基酯的溶剂；
c)含有一种或多种阴离子表面活性剂和两种非离子表面活性剂的乳化剂系统，其中一种非离子表面活性剂的HLB值为4-12，另一种非离子表面活性剂的HLB值为12-20，其中所述阴离子表面活性剂为多元乙氧基化的脂肪醇的磷酸酯和硫酸酯，选自2EO的乙氧基化油醇磷酸酯、2-10EO的乙氧基化鲸蜡/硬脂醇磷酸酯、4-6EO的乙氧基化三癸醇磷酸酯、3-6EO的乙氧基化脂肪醇磷酸酯、复合有机磷酸酯的自由酸、8-25EO的聚乙氧基化芳基酚的磷酸酯、聚乙氧基化芳基酚的硫酸酯、烷基苯磺酸的无机盐或多元羧酸的无机盐，所述非离子表面活性剂为聚乙氧基化烷基酚，选自30-40EO的聚乙氧基化蓖麻油、6-20EO的聚乙氧基化脂肪醇、8-25EO的聚乙氧基化芳基酚、三癸醇聚乙二醇醚、聚烷氧基化烷基醚、分子量范围为4,000-20,000的环氧乙烷环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物；
d)一种或多种膜形成剂或增稠剂；以及
e)水。
2.权利要求1的制剂，其中杀虫剂为拟除虫菊酯。
3.权利要求2的制剂，其中的拟除虫菊酯为溴氰菊酯。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的制剂，其中还包括极性助溶剂。
5.权利要求1-3中任一项的制剂，其中进一步包括选自抗冻剂、稳定剂、防沫剂或消泡剂、防腐剂、着色剂和掩味剂的添加剂和/或助剂。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的制剂，其中包含0.05-200g/l的杀虫剂组分。
7.一种生产权利要求1-6中任一项的水包油型乳液制剂的方法，其中包括步骤：
A.在有机溶剂和任选的极性助溶剂中，制备含有杀虫剂、乳化剂系统和任选的其它助剂的有机相；
B.制备含有水、膜形成剂或增稠剂和任选的其它亲水性助剂的水相；以及
C.在高剪切力下混合有机相和水相，从而得到水包油型乳液。
8.权利要求7的方法，其中杀虫剂为拟除虫菊酯。
9.权利要求8的方法，其中的拟除虫菊酯为溴氰菊酯。
10.权利要求1-6中任一项的水包油型乳液制剂在农作物保护中用于防治害虫的用途。
11.权利要求10的用途，其中杀虫剂为拟除虫菊酯。
12.权利要求11的用途，其中的拟除虫菊酯为溴氰菊酯。
13.一种在农作物保护中防治害虫的方法，其中包括向害虫或受害虫感染或害虫时常出没的植物或地点施用权利要求1-6任一项的水包油型乳液制剂的稀释水溶液。
14.权利要求13的方法，其中杀虫剂为拟除虫菊酯。
15.权利要求14的方法，其中的拟除虫菊酯为溴氰菊酯。
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| US4469675A (en) * | 1981-11-30 | 1984-09-04 | Zoecon Corporation | Pesticidal formulation |
| FR2624761B1 (fr) * | 1987-12-17 | 1993-10-08 | Roussel Uclaf | Granules a base de polymeres hydrophiles sur lesquels sont absorbes une formulation aqueuse renfermant un ou plusieurs principes actifs |
| FR2643223B1 (fr) * | 1989-02-17 | 1991-12-13 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouvelles emulsions aqueuses concentrees, leur procede de preparation et leur application dans le domaine pesticide |
| US5466458A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1995-11-14 | Roussel Uclaf | Emulsified spray formulations |
| FR2689729B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-06-03 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouvelles compositions pesticides renfermant un pyrethrinouide. |
| FR2721800B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-01 | 1997-12-26 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouveaux concentres emulsionnables renfermant un u plussieurs pesticides |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104010507A (zh) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-08-27 | 住友化学株式会社 | 害虫防治组合物 |
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