CN1248685C - 供局部使用的止痛抗炎贴剂 - Google Patents

供局部使用的止痛抗炎贴剂 Download PDF

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CN1248685C
CN1248685C CNB028014111A CN02801411A CN1248685C CN 1248685 C CN1248685 C CN 1248685C CN B028014111 A CNB028014111 A CN B028014111A CN 02801411 A CN02801411 A CN 02801411A CN 1248685 C CN1248685 C CN 1248685C
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diclofenac sodium
fatty acid
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CN1462187A (zh
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佐佐木康彦
松村行博
山崎胜
荒井博
川鳍昌吾
齐藤昌昭
奥山泰久
铃木真
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Tongren Medicine Chemical Co Ltd
Tokuhon Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种供局部使用的疏水型止痛抗炎贴剂,它在一种压敏胶粘剂(PSA)中,含有双氯芬酸钠、吡咯烷酮或一种它的衍生物、一种多元醇脂肪酸酯和一种有机酸。此贴剂具有下列作用:(1)双氯芬酸钠有效并连续地从一种压敏胶粘剂(PSA)中释放和透皮吸收,因此可获得持久的、优良的药物和药理作用;(2)此贴剂本身具有较高的粘附性和安全性;并且(3)双氯芬酸钠在此压敏胶粘剂(PSA)中保持稳定。

Description

供局部使用的止痛抗炎贴剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种贴剂,它含有双氯芬酸钠作为活性成分,此贴剂的双氯芬酸钠具有良好的释放性和透皮吸收性,并且在局部使用时可产生稳定持久的止痛抗炎作用。
背景技术
双氯芬酸钠具有良好的解热、止痛和抗炎作用。含有双氯芬酸钠的药物制剂通常分为具有全身作用的口服药物和呈现局部作用的外用药物。当应用口服药物时,可发生严重的全身性不良反应,诸如消化道紊乱,因此,还需要开发供局部使用的透皮吸收型的贴剂,以减轻这些不良反应。对于一种含有非甾类止痛抗炎药物例如双氯芬酸钠的贴剂,最重要的问题是将这种活性成分直接有效持久地透皮吸收入此贴剂下发生障碍的部分,并将这种活性成分直接传送至此贴剂下发生障碍的部分。
由于双氯芬酸钠在水和油性成分中的溶解性相当低,因此已经进行了广泛的研究,以使其在一种供外用的药物中稳定为溶解状态以促进其从一种贴剂中的透皮吸收。例如,日本公开特许公报(kokai)第61-280426号公开了加入一种有机酸(柠檬酸)作为添加剂,以提高双氯芬酸钠的溶解性和透皮吸收性。日本公开特许公报(kokai)第4-193826号公开了加入一种必需的油成分例如薄荷醇或薄荷油,作为双氯芬酸钠的透皮吸收促进剂。日本公开特许公报(kokai)第5-178763号公开了加入一种多元醇中链-脂肪酸酯,作为微溶药物的增溶剂。日本公开特许公报(kokai)11-222443号公开了加入1-薄荷醇和一种吡咯烷酮(吡咯烷酮或至少一个它的衍生物),作为双氯芬酸钠的透皮吸收促进剂。
但是,供外用的含有双氯芬酸钠的药物的透皮吸收性仍不能令人满意。因此,仍然需要一种供外用的药物,它可以更有效地透皮吸收。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种贴剂,其中的双氯芬酸钠具有良好的释放性和透皮吸收性。
本发明的详细描述
本发明人为解决上述难题,已经进行了广泛的研究,并且已经发现,将吡咯烷酮或其一种衍生物、一种多元醇脂肪酸酯和一种有机酸联合加入一种含有双氯芬酸钠的压敏胶粘剂(PSA),可生产一种疏水型的贴剂,其中双氯芬酸钠在此PSA中为一种稳定的溶解状态;双氯芬酸钠表现出从PSA中优良的释放性和双氯芬酸钠的透皮吸收性;并且具有持久稳定的止痛抗炎作用。
相应地,本发明提供一种供局部使用的疏水型止痛抗炎贴剂,它在一种PSA中,含有双氯芬酸钠、吡咯烷酮或一种它的衍生物、多元醇脂肪酸酯和一种有机酸。
附图的简要说明
附图1的曲线图显示试验贴剂中所含双氯芬酸钠的溶解性。
附图2的曲线图显示试验贴剂释放的双氯芬酸钠的经皮渗透性。
实现本发明的最佳方式
本发明的贴剂在一种PSA中含有双氯芬酸钠、吡咯烷酮或其衍生物、多元醇脂肪酸酯和有机酸。如上所述,双氯芬酸钠是本发明贴剂的一种活性成分。优选,将双氯芬酸钠作为一种活性成分,以0.1-5.0重量%的量,更优选以0.5-4.0重量%的量,加入一种PSA层中。从另一个角度看,优选将双氯芬酸钠以每皮肤接触面积为5-2,000μg/cm2的量,更优选50-400μg/cm2的量,加入一种PSA层中。在本发明的上下文中,“PSA层”不包括支持层;也就是说,“PSA层”是指在此PSA中含有上述成分和PSA中的其它成分的一层。
上述吡咯烷酮或其衍生物的实例包括2-吡咯烷酮和N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮,特别优选2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。这些吡咯烷酮及其衍生物作为双氯芬酸钠的增溶剂,并且优选将每种吡咯烷酮,以0.5-8.0重量%的量,更优选以1.0-5.0重量%的量,加入一种PSA层中。
多元醇脂肪酸酯的实例包括醇(二元醇至四元醇)脂肪酸酯;例如甘油脂肪酸酯、乙二醇脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯和季戊四醇脂肪酸酯。特别的实例包括甘油一-(C6-C18)脂肪酸酯、乙二醇一-(C6-C18)脂肪酸酯、丙二醇一-(C6-C18)脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨醇一-(C6-C18)脂肪酸酯、丙二醇二-(C6-C18)脂肪酸酯和季戊四醇四-(C6-C18)脂肪酸酯。其中,更优选甘油脂肪酸酯(例如甘油基三(辛酸酯·癸酸酯))、乙二醇脂肪酸酯、季戊四醇脂肪酸酯(例如季戊四基四-2-乙基己酸酯)和丙二醇脂肪酸酯(例如丙二醇一辛酸酯和丙二醇二辛酸酯)。其中,丙二醇脂肪酸酯为更优选的。这些酯的市售产品的实例包括Sefsol(Nikko化学有限公司的产品)。这些多元醇脂肪酸酯作为双氯芬酸钠的透皮吸收促进剂,并且可以两种或多种联合应用。优选将这些酯以0.2-10.0重量%的量,更优选以0.5-5.0重量%的量,加入一种PSA层中。
有机酸的实例包括C3-C6二羧酸和C3-C6三羧酸。其中,优选柠檬酸、酒石酸和丁二酸。这些有机酸作为双氯芬酸钠的透皮吸收促进剂,并且可以两种或多种联合应用。优选将这些有机酸,以0.05-4.0重量%的量,更优选以0.1-2.0重量%的量,加入一种PSA层中。
如上所述,多元醇脂肪酸酯和有机酸均作为双氯芬酸钠的透皮吸收促进剂。多元醇脂肪酸酯与有机酸的重量比优选在1∶20至200∶1的范围内,更优选在1∶4至50∶1的范围内。加入PSA层中的多元醇脂肪酸酯和有机酸的总量优选在0.25-14重量%的范围内,更优选0.6-7重量%。
要将上述成分加入其中的PSA,由一种PSA基质和一种增粘剂联合制成。优选的PSA基质是苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)。这种SIS可以购买到,而且市售产品的实例包括Cariflex TR-1107和Cariflex TR-1117(商品名;Shell Kagaku K.K.的产品)。加入PSA层的PSA基质的量优选在10-50重量%的范围内,更优选10-40重量%。
增粘剂的实例包括松香酯树脂、多萜树脂、萜酚树脂和石油树脂。其中,优选松香酯树脂,而且特别优选已除去低沸部分并然后进行了氢化作用的松香酯树脂(例如Ester Gum HG,Arakawa ChemicalIndustries,Ltd.的产品)。可使用YS树脂(多萜树脂,YasuharaYushi Kogyo有限公司的产品)、YS Polyster(萜酚树脂,YasuharaYushi Kogyo有限公司的产品)、Quintone(石油树脂,Nippon Zeon有限公司的产品)、Arkon(石油树脂,Arakawa Chemical Industries,Ltd.的产品)、Escorez(石油树脂,Exxon Corp.的产品)和其它类似产品。加入PSA层中的增粘剂的量优选在5-50重量%的范围内,特别优选5-30重量%。
本发明的贴剂还可包括任意成分,例如一种必需油成分(例如1-薄荷醇或薄荷油)、一种软化剂(例如液体石蜡)、一种防老剂或一种填充物(无机化合物)。除双氯芬酸钠外,本发明的贴剂还可包括另一种药物成分,例如酮洛芬、吲哚美辛、氟比洛芬、乙醇酰水杨酸酯、水杨酸甲酯、辣椒素、壬基香草基酰胺、醋酸维生素E、一种黄柏树皮提取物或欧洲七叶树提取物。软化剂优选以30-70重量%的量,更优选以40-60重量%的量,加入PSA层中。必需油成分优选以0.2-5.0重量%的量,更优选以0.5-3.0重量%的量,加入PSA层中。
如上所述,本发明贴剂所包括的PSA层是疏水型的,并且基本上不含水。此特征使本发明与常规糊剂的特征有本质的区别。
可通过将上述PSA基质涂在一种软支持物上来生产本发明的贴剂。任何类型的支持物均可使用,只要此支持物是由一种不会使PSA基质渗透过此支持物背面的软薄片制成的即可。可用作本发明支持物的薄片的实例包括:纺织纤维和无纺纤维;塑料薄膜,诸如聚烯薄膜、聚乙烯醇薄膜、氯乙烯薄膜、聚氨酯合金薄膜、聚氨酯-氯乙烯共聚物薄膜和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯薄膜;一种丙烯酸聚合物或聚苯乙烯-聚丁二烯和聚异戊二烯的泡沫掺合物的薄膜;通过蒸汽淀积覆盖有金属的这些薄膜;以及由这些薄膜的两种或多种获得的层压薄片。适宜地,这种支持物的厚度典型地为大约1000μm或更小,优选为30-700μm。
将由此生产的本发明的贴剂应用于需要止痛抗炎的皮肤患处,例如关节、肌肉、颈部等炎症患处。
实施例
下面通过实施例将对本发明进行更详细的描述,同时不应理解为要将本发明限制于此。
实施例1至4
在每个实施例中,应用一种加热捏和机,捏和表1所示的一种PSA基质和一种软化剂。将一种增粘剂加入此捏和产物中,然后进一步捏和所得混合物。随后,将双氯芬酸钠溶解在一种含有吡咯烷酮、一种多元醇脂肪酸酯和柠檬酸的液体混合物中,并将所得溶液加入上述捏和产物中。进一步捏和所得混合物,直到形成一种均匀的混合物。应用这种混合物,并将其涂抹在一种支持物上,由此形成一种PSA层。经过一段适宜的时间后,用一种衬垫覆盖此PSA层,并将所得层压产品切为需要的大小,从而获得贴剂。
                                    表1
                                                                                                            (重量%)
  实施例1   实施例2   实施例3   实施例4
  PSA基质SIS聚异丁烯 28.52.0 28.5- 38.0- 30.04.0
  增粘剂Ester Gum HG*1 12.0 12.0 20.0 25.0
  软化剂液体石蜡 50.1 50.1 33.8 32.7
  增溶剂2-吡咯烷酮 4.0 4.0 2.0 1.0
  吸收促进剂Sefsol*2柠檬酸 2.00.4 2.00.4 4.00.2 3.00.3
  粘合调节剂1-薄荷醇 - 2.0 1.0 3.0
  药物成分双氯芬酸钠 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
*1:氢化松香酯树脂(Arakama Chemical Industries,Ltd.)
*2:甘油脂肪酸酯(Nikko化学有限公司)
试验例1(溶解试验)
按照日本药典,应用一种溶解测定器,通过一种搅槽(paddle)超过盘的方法,测定每个贴剂释放的双氯芬酸钠的延时溶解量。特别地,将每个试验贴剂切成小片(5cm×5cm),并将每片与特氟隆筛网粘合。用两片表玻璃夹住此片,并将其置于32℃的一种磷酸盐缓冲液中(900ml,pH:7.2)。在贴剂上25mm旋转搅槽,并在搅槽底部和液体表面之间的中间水平处取一个液体样本(1ml)。在搅槽旋转后的0.5、1、2、3、4、6和8小时进行取样。通过高效液体色谱法对每个取样液体中包含的双氯芬酸钠进行定量。
将上面实施例1至4中制备的贴剂和比较实施例中制备的贴剂用作试验贴剂。用与实施例1至4中所用的相似方法,按照表2中所示的配方制备比较实施例的贴剂。
                                                 表2
                                                                                               (重量%)
  比较实施例1   比较实施例2   比较实施例3   比较实施例4   比较实施例5   比较实施例6
  SIS聚异丁烯Ester Gum HG液体石蜡吡咯烷酮Sefsol柠檬酸1-薄荷醇双氯芬酸钠   28.52.012.054.0---2.51.0   28.52.012.050.04.0--2.51.0   28.52.012.054.5-2.0--1.0   28.52.012.056.1--0.4-1.0   28.5-12.058.5----1.0   28.5-12.052.54.02.0--1.0
比较实施例1:日本公开特许公报(kokai)4-198326公开的贴剂
比较实施例2:日本公开特许公报(kokai)11-222443公开的贴剂
比较实施例3:日本公开特许公报(kokai)5-178763公开的贴剂
比较实施例4:日本公开特许公报(kokai)61-280426公开的贴剂
将每个如此测定的双氯芬酸钠水平转变为贴剂相应的溶解百分数(%)。结果显示在附图1中。在附图1中,“平均值”、“SD”和“n”分别指平均值、标准差和试验样本数。
结果表明本发明贴剂的溶解百分数是比较实施例1至6的所有贴剂的4倍或4倍以上。
试验例2(经皮渗透试验)
用戊巴比妥麻醉无毛大鼠(体重:170g)。除去腹毛后,切下腹部皮肤样本。将每一种这样的皮肤样本置于一种立式测定池中(有效渗透面积:2.83cm2,池容积:16ml),并将试验贴剂(直径:1.9cm)贴在皮肤样本上。随后,在37℃下加热测定池的同时,通过一种电磁搅拌器搅拌此池中接受器的液体。以恒定的时间间隔,多次对接受器液体部分进行取样(0.5ml),并测定此液体部分的双氯芬酸钠的含量。
附图2显示双氯芬酸钠的蓄积渗透量,它是每个贴剂样本所释放的,并已渗透至每个大鼠腹部切除皮肤样本中的量(实施例1和2以及比较实施例1至6)。从附图2可清楚地看到,本发明贴剂的蓄积渗透量大约是比较实施例1至6的贴剂的3倍或更多。
试验实施例1和2的结果表明,本发明的贴剂可表现出双氯芬酸钠的显著提高的释放性和透皮吸收性,这是常规技术所不能满意地获得的。因此,证明本发明的贴剂是一种临床上有用的贴剂,它可减轻全身不良反应,并提供了其它的优点。
工业应用性
本发明的贴剂具有如下作用:
(1)双氯芬酸钠有效并连续地从一种PSA中释放和透皮吸收,因此可获得持久的、优良的药物和药理作用;
(2)此贴剂本身具有较高的粘附性和安全性;并且
(3)双氯芬酸钠在PSA中保持稳定。

Claims (4)

1.一种供局部使用的疏水型止痛抗炎贴剂,它在一种压敏胶粘剂中含有:0.5-4.0重量%的双氯芬酸钠、1.0-5.0重量%的2-吡咯烷酮或N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、一种0.5-5.0重量%的选自甘油脂肪酸酯、乙二醇脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯或季戊四醇脂肪酸酯的脂肪酸酯和0.1-2.0重量%的选自C3-C6二羧酸和C3-C6三羧酸的有机酸,其中压敏胶粘剂含有占10-40重量%的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和5-30重量%的增粘剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的贴剂,其中有机酸为柠檬酸、酒石酸或丁二酸。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的贴剂,它在一个压敏胶粘剂的层中含有:占1.0重量%的双氯芬酸钠、占1.0-4.0重量%的2-吡咯烷酮或N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、占2.0-4.0重量%的丙二醇脂肪酸酯,和占0.2-0.4重量%的柠檬酸。
4.如权利要求1所述的贴剂,其中此压敏胶粘剂在一个压敏胶粘剂的层中含有:一种占28.5-38.0重量%的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,和一种占12.0-25.0重量%的增粘剂。
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