CN1181023A - 片状超吸收性的结构物 - Google Patents

片状超吸收性的结构物 Download PDF

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CN1181023A
CN1181023A CN96193209A CN96193209A CN1181023A CN 1181023 A CN1181023 A CN 1181023A CN 96193209 A CN96193209 A CN 96193209A CN 96193209 A CN96193209 A CN 96193209A CN 1181023 A CN1181023 A CN 1181023A
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water
sheet
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lamellar
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H·布吕格曼
K·达门
D·勒瓦尔德
R·泰尔曼
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Stockhausen management Limited by Share Ltd.
Evonik Operations GmbH
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    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于水和水溶液的片状吸收剂,它包括A)至少一种可水溶胀的合成和/或天然超吸收性聚合物,和B)至少一种水溶性的合成和/或天然的聚合物,作为片状构型的基材,其中,超吸收性组分A结合在其中或其上,并且是按确定方式排布的。片状吸收剂对水和水性液体具有高的吸收能力,特别是在负荷状态下。它的制造方法是,由水溶性的合成和/或天然聚合物B)形成片状基材,并加上水溶胀的合成和/或天然超吸收剂A),例如用基材B)的溶液置于片基上,再撒布组分A),然后将这样得到的片材结构物进行干燥。这种片状吸收剂可用于卫生保健用品,作为天然或人工土壤的组分,用作管子和管线的隔离材料,尤其是用于电缆和建筑结构方面,作为液体吸收和液体贮存组分,用于包装材料,还可用作服装的一个部分以及作为贮存器用于控制有效物质的释放。

Description

片状超吸收性的结构物
本发明涉及用于水和水溶液的片状吸收剂，这种片状吸收剂的制造方法及其应用。
片状吸收剂可使粉状或粒状超吸收性聚合物(SAP)以任意排布方式固着在一层或多层片状物内或其上。这种固着作用对今后的应用提供了最佳形式，如用作婴儿尿布、成人失禁用物、电缆护套、土壤改良剂、食品工业用的包装垫层、动物卫生领域、伤口覆盖以及抹布等。
为使粉状超吸收性聚合物以对以后的应用最佳地分布，并使其固定，已描述过各种不同的方法。
在EP 212618B1中描述了尿布的构成，其中聚合物是以一定的颗粒大小分布在纤维素层中，但从超吸收性的聚合物分布考虑，这种构造是不够稳定的，尤其是在不利运输条件下、改变了SAP分布，例如在尿布中可能出现不均匀的吸收现象。
按EP 425269A2所述的另一种可能是粉状的超吸收性聚合物一定的形式固着排列，SAP结合在热塑性、非水溶性的纤维上，SAP与纤维表面之结合是基于表面熔融的纤维与粉状超吸收性聚合物接触的结果。纤维之间也以同样形式相互固着但这种方法的缺陷在于粉状超吸收性聚合物的吸收能力不能得到充分利用，一部分SAP被热塑性塑料覆盖着，从而使水和水溶液难以接近它。
EP 547474A1描述了一种吸收性材料中的制造方法，其中分布有超吸收性聚合物。这样得到的吸收性材料的吸收能力要小于在材料中起作用的SAP的能力，也就是说，由于对所用材料的选择和所采用的制造过程之故，使一部分SAP阻塞。所以对所选用的基础材料的种类要使其熔点必须位于SAP分解温度之上。所以基材种类的选择也受到了限制。
EP303445A1描述了一种吸收性片状结构物，其中由一种载体将含水的SAP固定。但这种结构物的应用仅局限于作为药物贮存用的橡皮膏之类。
日本专利申请7585462描述了制造超吸收性片状的方法，该片材由一种淀粉-接技聚合物组成淀粉-接技聚合物与一种水溶性成膜聚合物相结合。在此文中还提到一种材料作为不可忽略的组份，即所谓第三组份作为基础材料。超吸收性聚合物与可溶性成膜聚合物固着在这种基础材料上。
EP 604730A1描述了在水中可分解的含有SAP的结构物。除SAP之外，作为不可忽略的成分还有分散性聚合物和增塑剂。按该文所述制成的结构物难以满足对超吸收剂在一种基材中所提出的一些分布要求，因为文中所述方法完全不适于挤出、混合或掺混。
上述的片状结构物碎裂之后，除遗留有超吸收剂之外，还有颗粒状物而所述基材亦是不溶于水的。
因此，本发明的任务是提供一种超吸收性的片材，所述片材中超吸收性聚合物具有确定的排布形式，它的溶胀能力能得到全部利用，也就是说，没有吸收能力的容量损失。
本发明的另一任务是寻找一种制造方法，由它可既简单又成本低廉地制成所述片材。此外这种片材无需象日本专利申请7585462所述那样，非要固着在一个底层上面，这就使得这种片材的应用更加广泛。
这一任务通过一种用于水或水溶液的片状吸收性结构物获得解决，它包括：
A)至少一种水溶胀性的合成和/或天然聚合物，和
B)至少一种水溶性的合成和/或天然聚合物，
其中组份A以确定的方式结合在成片状构成的基材组份B中或其上
通过这种结合，使超吸收性聚合物的吸收能力不降低，因为所用基材在与水或水溶液接触时溶解，从而不阻碍SAP的溶胀。按这种操作方式，就有可能使本发明的吸收剂对水或水溶液的吸收速度进行调节，此外，这种吸收性物体根据其应用目的，还可调节其柔韧性。
作为这种基材的基础、既可以是合成的水溶性成膜聚合物，如聚乙烯醇、聚烷基烯丙基醚、聚乙二醇醚、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯及其衍生物和共聚物，也可以是天然的水溶性成膜聚合物，如瓜耳树胶、藻酸盐(酯)、琼脂、黄原胶(Xanthan)、果胶和淀粉等，和化学改性的原材料，例如多糖或蛋白质如纤维素、直键淀粉、淀粉和谷胶的醚和/或酯和/或水解物和/或氧化产物，以及以天然或合成聚合物为基础的共聚物和/或接技聚合物。
基材的选择在一定程度上取决于它的应用目的。基材可以在很大范围内改变超吸收性片材的柔韧性。在使用上面所提到的那些基材时，超吸收性片材的柔韧性也可通过加入辅料如增塑剂或塑化剂如α-乙基己基醇、甘油及邻苯二甲酸酯，也可以通过加入填料如白垩、颜料和纤维来作些改变。
所使用SAP的基础物料既可以是合成的物质，如以下述原料为基础的水溶胀性聚合物和/或共聚物：(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶、马来酸(酐)、衣康酸(酐)，富马酸、乙烯基磺酸及其盐、可聚合的5酸的酰胺、N-烷基衍生物、N，N-二烷基衍生物和酯等，以及天然资源的物质，如瓜耳豆核粉(guar seed meal)，羧甲基纤维素、黄原胶(Xanthan)藻酸盐(酯)、阿拉伯树胶、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、淀粉和淀粉衍生物以及它们的部分交联产品。也可以用前述组分的混合物或共聚物或接技聚合物：
优选的材料是部分中和的、弱交联的丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺聚合物或共聚物，淀粉的接技聚合物及交联淀粉和纤维素衍生物。适宜的产品是市售Stockhausen Gmb H化工厂生产的FAVOR和Stockosorb型产品。
加入的粉状超吸收性聚合物的粒度分布可在相当宽的范围内变化，可以从0.1μm到20,000μm的颗粒状物，优选的粒度级分为1μm到5000μm的范围。特别优选从20到1000μm的粒径级分范围。
置于片材中的SAP颗粒级分在很大程度上根据膜的应用目的来确定，用于尿布通常的颗粒级分约为500μm，而在农业上级分则为1000μm左右，在电缆工业上的颗粒大小约为100μm，再小些更佳。
超吸收性片材的制造按本发明是通过前述组分的配合而成。为此可用适宜的方法，例如将水溶性聚合物的粘稠溶液喷洒，涂刷和刮涂到一种诸如金属板、经硅油处理的纸张或聚四氟乙烯膜等的片基上。这种片基可以是平的大面积的形状，也可以是球状的表面。
而后将超吸收性聚合物撒布到在片基上的水溶性聚合物上面。这样得到的产品在适宜的温度进行干燥，所述温度在通常用于冷冻干燥的温度和300℃之间，优选在50至240℃之间，并任选在减压下操作。
片材结构物的干燥也可采用微波技术或冷冻干燥技术。
在吸收性片材结构物的制造过程中，特别是在干燥时，基材B和吸收性组分A往往是化学的及物理的结合。在这里羧基和羟基间发生的酯化反应可作为化学结合的实例。在组份A表面区域的聚合物分子间通过穿套或勾挂(Verschlaufungen oder  Verhakungen)以及在组分A和B聚合物分子官能基团的相互作用而形成物理结合。干燥之后，将超吸收性片材结构物从所使用的辅助表面材料上分离下来。
本发明所用的另外一种优选的制造超吸收性片材的方法是将SAP撒布在一种膜材或一种其它由基材构成的片基上，紧接着将混合物用水或水溶液或一种和其它溶剂的混合物润湿，或者是用润湿的SAP撒布在膜材上或其它的由基材构成的片基上，而后将此片材干燥。
本发明另一优选的超吸收性片材的制法是将SAP撒布在一种膜材或一种其它由基材构成的片基上。并将混合物加热至基材软化。这样形成的片材还可以压延，以使超吸收性聚合物更好地固着到基材上，这种方法的前提是所用的基材具有热塑性。
本发明另一优选的制造吸收性片状结构物的方法是将基材挤出。SAP在基材挤出前、挤出时或挤出后以适当的形式加入(与颗粒度和定量加料过程有关)。
为使SAP在片材上达到确定的排布，可将基材与SAP共同挤出成纤维，而后将纤维用适宜的方法(空气流、吹塑成型法)做成片材。
在制造过程中，在加入粉状超吸收性聚合物时，可方便地(容易地)利用一个模板及通过一定的撒布方法来实现这样一种一定形式的排布。
多片超吸收性片材进行层合可以制成按体积有一定要求的超吸收性结构，使它能具有一定吸收梯度。
一种本发明的片状结构物也可任选在制造水溶性膜时直接构成，也就是说在制造片状基材时将超吸收剂直接加入其中的一个适宜的工艺工序中。
超吸收性聚合物与基材的比例可在一个宽的范围内变化，可以在基材：SAP＝1∶1000到100∶1之间，优选的比例为基材：SAP＝1∶100到10∶1。特别优选比例为基材：SAP＝1∶25到 2∶1。
构成尿布时，通常希望具有高的SAP-和低的基材浓度，而对植物培育或食品包装垫层等其它领域常常优选低的SAP浓度。SAP/基材比在很大程度上与应用目的有关：
吸收性片材的厚度既受所加基材的量影响，也受所加SAP的粒度和量的影响。它可以位于0.2μm到30,000μm之间，优选的片材厚度为1到6,000μm，特别优选的片材厚度则位于20μm和2,000μm之间。吸收性片材的厚度必须符合其应用目的的要求。用于尿布结构或妇女卫生巾的片材层厚要做到尽可能薄型，以提高尿布的舒适度。用作贮存作用的片材，人们希望的厚度厚，这样有利于贮存物的缓释作用。
人们惊奇地发现，这种片材对水或水溶液的吸收能力与所加入的超吸收性材料的能力相当，它并没有因为基材的存在而像预计的那样会损失超吸收剂的吸收能力。这点对于总吸收量以及对于保留值(Retention)(经受压力负荷后的吸收量)和对于在加压状态下的吸收量(在负荷下吸收)都是适用的。
另外，还惊奇地确定，这种片材对水和水溶液的吸收速度取决于基材与超吸收性聚合物的比例。所以吸收速度可通过SAP/基材比，也当然可以通过基材的类别进行调节，其方法是较高的基材组分导致吸收速度的下降。
本发明的吸收性片材能够作到超吸收性聚合物在片材上按确定要求进行排布，这就能够更好地满足卫生用品的要求。在卫生用品中吸收剂按一定要求排布的优越性在EP212618B1中曾作过描述，例如在尿布中液体的负荷度是不均一的。故在一块尿布中要求有高的和低的SAP浓度的位置。
测试方法
茶袋试验(TBT)
采用TBT的方法测定吸收能力：用0.9％的NaCl溶液作为试验溶液(如果没有其他说明)。
从吸收性片材中冲压出一小块材料，使其中含有0.2g的SAP。将这块材料放到一个茶袋中称量，而后将此茶袋在测试溶液中放置一定时间，拿出滴水5分钟后将此茶袋称量(测定TBT最大值)，然后将此浸茶袋在一离心机中(商用洗衣脱水机1400转/分)甩干，之后再行称重(测定TBT保留值)。
用同一材料经不同的浸泡时间多次测试，可以测出该超吸收性片材结构物对水或水溶液吸收与浸泡时间的函数关系(即吸收速度)。
而后计算1g片材或加入的1g SAP或1m2片材对液体的吸收能力。
在负荷下的吸收性(AUL)
为了测定在压力下对液体的吸收性，即“在负荷下的吸收性”如在EP339461所描述的那样进行测定。
与此规程有所不同的是，采用了园形块状超吸收性物体，其大小与AUL-坩埚内径相同作为试验样品，其吸液性以1g物体的吸液性计算，或以所加入的1g SAP或者以1m2物体的吸液性进行计算。
图的说明
图1
撒布框
1.(浅色区)撒布框的透过部分
2.(深色区)撒布框的不透过部分
图2
1.由聚(丙烯)覆盖纤维网和聚(乙烯)膜组成的层压制品
2.由橡胶线织缩的防止硫出结构
3.聚(丙烯)覆盖纤维网
4.聚(乙烯)-背面膜
5.由纤维素纤维组成的芯套
6.含有超吸收性片材构成物的芯体
用下述实例对本发明进行说明
例1-3
由25g Vinol 205(水溶性聚乙烯醇)和75g脱离子水制成高粘稠状的溶液，用该溶液(参见表)一部分在270cm2的片基上(聚四氟乙烯处理的膜等)涂刷均匀，在形成的这种片基上撒布30g超吸收剂FAVORSXM 100(弱交联的，部分中和的聚丙烯酸酯(盐))，然后在180℃的温度下干燥5分钟，之后用毛刷将未固定的部分超吸收剂清除掉，这样就得到柔韧的超吸收性片材，它很容易从以聚四氟乙烯处理过的膜表面剥离。
表1：表中显示吸收速度与基材和SAP之比的关系，随着基材组份的降低，吸收(速度)则加快。
例子 溶液[g]   SAP[g/m2] Vinol205[g/m2]    TBT(30秒)最大值/保留值[g/g]/[g/g]    TBT(60秒)最大值/保留值[g/g]/[g/g]    TBT(30分)*最大值/保留值[g/g]/[g/g]
  1   10   226   93     6/6     9/9     50/31
  2    5   182   46     7/7     12/12     50/31
  3   25   203   23     9/9     13/13     50/31
SXM100    0   ----   0     9/9     14/14     50/31
带*的TBT值是对加入的超吸收剂而言，而其它的TBT值是以片材重量为基础。
例4
按例2的方法进行操作，只是用一种由1g Mowiol4/88(赫司特公司的水溶性聚乙烯醇)和3g水组成的溶液置于476cm2的片基上，经加工之后(参照例1-3)得到了一个含有189g/m2的超吸收剂的柔韧的薄膜，Mowiol4/88组份为21g/m2。
TBT：最大值/保留值[l/m2]/[l/m2]＝9.4/5.8；
AUL(2×103Pa)＝5.7升/m2
例5
按例4方法进行操作、只是用Mowiol5/88(赫司特公司的水溶性聚乙烯醇)代替Mowiol4/88，经加工后(参照例1-3)得到含有144g/m2的超吸收剂的柔韧的薄膜，Mowiol5/88的组分为21g/m2。
TBT：最大值/保留值[l/m2]/[l/m2]＝7.2/4.4；
AUL(2×103Pa)＝4.4升/m2
例6
由200g脱离子水，50g甘油和10g瓜耳豆核粉(guar seed meal)(Roeper工厂的产品，型号104)组成的溶液，经搅拌成为均匀溶液将此溶液涂刷到一个3000cm2的片基上，用100g FAVOR SXM 100撒布在上面，将此片材在75℃干燥4小时，而后将未粘附在上的SAP用一毛刷清除。
这样得到柔韧性适中的含200g/m2SAP组份的吸收性片材。
例7
按例6方法操作，只是用羧甲基纤维素(Wolf Walsrode工厂产的Walocel40000型号)代替瓜耳豆核粉，此外在130℃干燥30分钟，这样得到的片材是柔韧性的，并含有180g/m2SAP组分。
例8
按例7方法操作，只是用AcrakonzBN(Stockhausen化工厂的以丙烯酸衍生物为基础的可溶性，初始交联的，阴离子乳液聚合物代替羧甲基纤维素，按AcrakonzBN的浓度相应要多加此产品(24g)，这样得到片材为柔韧性的，并含有240g/m2 SAP组份。
表2表中显示吸收速度与所用的基材种类的关系
  实例序号   SAP[g/m2]    TBT(30秒)最大值/保留值[g/g]/[g/g]    TBT(60秒)最大值/保留值[g/g]/[g/g]    TBT(300秒)最大值/保留值[g/g]/[g/g]
    6   200     6/6     15/15     21/16
    7   180     7/7     10/10     13/13
    8   240     5/5     10/8     18/15
(TBT值是对片材重量而言)
例9
每平方米聚乙烯醇薄膜(Reel L336，Aquafilm公司的W/O 1483，20μm厚度)用50ml由50％的水和50％乙醇组成的溶液喷洒，接着撒布400g FAVORSXM 100，粉状物料很容易贴紧在表面上，然后在120℃干燥5分钟。
未能固着的SXM 100部分用吸尘器清除，保留部分为113g/m2。
TBT：最大值/保留值[l/m2]/[l/m2]＝5.7/3.5；
AUL(2×103Pa)＝3.5升/m2
例10
每平方米聚乙烯醇膜(REEL L336；Aquafilm公司的W/O 1483；厚度为50μm)用50ml由50％的水和50％的乙醇组成的溶液喷洒，接着撒布400g FAVORSXM 100，粉状物料很容易贴紧在表面上，而后在120℃干燥5分钟。
未能固着的SXM 100部分用吸尘器清除，保留部分为179g/m2
TBT：最大值/保留值[l/m2]/[l/m2]＝8.9/5.5；
AUL(2×103Pa)＝5.4升/m2
例11
由2g Vinol 205，2g甘油和6g水组成的溶液洒布在由聚四氟乙烯处理过的14×44cm面积的膜上，接着置入模板(参照图1)。用9g FavorSXM 100撒布在空白的片基上。该片基在140℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥5分钟，而后用由0.25g Vinol 205，0.25g甘油和1.5g水组成的溶液喷洒在上面，然后再在上述条件下干燥，这样得到的片材从经聚四氟乙烯处理的膜上剥离下来，它是柔韧性的，并具有与使用的超吸收剂相当的吸收能力。
例12
重复例11，只是不用甘油，所得到的片材坚硬、发脆、几乎不能弯曲，它具有与所使用的超吸收剂相当的吸收能力。
例13
由2g Vinol 205，2g甘油和6g水组成的溶液分布在14×44cm面积的经聚四氟乙烯处理过的膜上，接着置入模板(参照图1)，用6g FavvorSXM 100撒布在空白的片基上，片材在140℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥5分钟。
然后用由0.25g Vinol 205.025g甘油和1.5g水组成的溶液喷洒在上面，之后再次置入模板，用4.5g Favor SXM 100撒布在空白的片基上，然后再一次在前述条件下干燥
喷洒、置入模板及撒布SAP，再一次用2.5g SAP重复。
最后再喷洒一次并干燥，这样得到的片材从经聚四氟乙烯处理过的膜上剥离下来，它是柔韧的，并具有在任何空间方向所确定排布的超吸收剂相应的吸收能力。
例14
每平方米聚乙烯醇薄膜(Reel L336；Aquafilm公司W/O1483，厚度为20μm)撒布50g FAVORSXM 100，粉状物料很容易贴紧在表面上，接着将第二张同一材质的膜置于其上，该基材用经聚四氟乙烯处理过的膜覆盖在其上面，并用熨斗调节至180℃进行熨烫，直至PVA膜与超吸收剂熔融在一起为止。
该片材的吸收能力相当于所加入的SAP的量。
例15
由例13制造的膜按图2制成尿布结构，所用的PE膜和聚丙烯覆盖纤维网制品是来自尿布生产厂的材料。
用例13制造的片材作为芯体(6)使用。
例16
10×15厘米面积的在例2中所描述过的片材放在一个包装盘中，用一个市售的厨用巾(Kleenex)覆盖，将深度冷冻的鸡(850g)置于其上。
本发明的片材可将全部凝集的水分(试验周期18小时)吸收。
例17
将例12在不用模板的情况下重复，用Stackosort 400(弱交联的丙烯酰胺为基础的共聚物)代替Favor，从该片材中剪下1×7.5cm面积的条状物，将8个条状物完全插入装有土壤的圆柱形花盆中(10cm高，直径8.5cm)，保持土壤潮湿5天时间后薄膜溶解，而SAP则在土壤中以对培育植物有利的排布状态保存
例18
重复例1，只是用等量的PCT/EP 93/01060的例9中所述的超吸收性贮存剂代替Favor
1cm2所得到的片材放入茶袋中焊封，将此茶袋悬挂到一个50ml 0.2％的食盐溶液中1小时，一小时后新换食盐溶液，经5次循环后食盐溶液变为蓝色，说明仍有有效物质释放出来。
例19
按例10制得的片材按例14的方法熨烫到一块织物上，例如作为电缆护套应用。本发明的片材与织物结合具有较高的机械强度，而织物带的柔韧性也未降低，吸收性能相当于SAP-组份的能力。
图1表示在例11所用的模板
图2表示例15中的尿布结构。

Claims (39)

1.用于水或水性液体的片状吸收剂，包括
A)至少一种水溶胀性的合成和/或天然聚合物，以及
B)至少一种水溶性的合成和/或天然的聚合物，
其中组份A在以片状构成的基材组份B中，按确定的方式结合在其中或在其上。
2.按权利要求I的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份A为以(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶、马来酸(酐)、衣康酸(酐)、富马酸、乙烯基磺酸、这些可聚合酸的酰胺、N-烷基衍生物、N，N-二烷基衍生物和酯类为基础的聚合物或共聚物。
3.按权利要求l的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份A为弱交联的天然聚合物或来自天然资源的聚合物，如瓜耳豆核粉(guar seed meal)，羧甲基纤维素，黄原胶(Xanthan)、藻酸盐(酯)、阿拉伯树胶、甲壳质、脱乙酰壳多糖、琼脂、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、淀粉和淀粉衍生物或者它们的混合物。
4.按权利要求1的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份A为权利要求2和3中所述组份的2种或多种组份的混合物。
5.按权利要求1的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份B为以(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶、马来酸(酐)、衣康酸(酐)、富马酸、乙烯基磺酸、这些可聚合酸的酰胺、N-烷基衍生物、N，N-二烷基衍生物和酯类为基础的水溶性聚合物或共聚物。
6.按权利要求1的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份B为可溶性的天然聚合物或自然资源的聚合物，如瓜耳豆核粉(guar seed meal)，羧甲基纤维素，黄原胶、藻酸盐(酯)、阿拉伯树胶、甲壳质、脱乙酰壳多糖、琼脂、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、淀粉和淀粉衍生物或者它们的混合物。
7.按权利要求1、5、6的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份B为按权利要求5和6的组份的混合物。
8.按前述权利要求之一的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，比例B∶A＝1∶1,000到100∶1，优选为B∶A=1∶100到10∶1，特别优选B∶A＝1∶25到2∶1。
9.按权利要求1～9之一的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份A和B相互间部分地进行了化学反应。
10.按权利要求1～9之一的片状吸收剂，其特征在于，组份A和B相互间为纯物理地结合。
11.按前述权利要求之一的片状吸收剂，可以是薄膜、薄箔、薄片或卷状产品，层压制品或其它的层状产品。
12.权利要求1～11之一的片状吸收利的制造方法，其特征在于，由至少一种水溶性合成和/或天然聚合物(B)构成一种片状基材，并在该基材上配设一种水溶胀性的合成和/或天然聚合物(A)。
13.按权利要求12的方法，其特征在于
a)制造一种组份(B)在水中或在水熔液中的溶液，
b)将该溶液涂覆于片基上：
c)将组份A撒布在该片基上；和
d)将所得到的这种片材结构物进行干燥。
14.按权利要求13的方法，其特征在于，b和c步骤多次重复，并任选进行中间干燥。
15.按权利要求13～14的方法，其特征在于，该片状吸收剂紧接着按权利要求13的b和d步骤进行处理。
16.按权利要求13～15的方法，其特征在于，组份B的溶液经过涂刷、涂刮、喷洒、浇注、浸渗或滴湿的方法涂覆。
17.按权利要求12的方法，其特征在于，
a)使组份B的膜片与组分A物质接触，
b)加入对组份B适宜的溶剂，使预先放置的膜形成初步微溶，但不溶解，和
c)将这样形成的产品进行干燥。
18.按权利要求17的方法，其特征在于，首先加一种适宜于组份B的溶剂，而后撒布组份A。
19.按权利要求17或18的方法，其特征在于，多次重复步骤a、b。
20.按权利要求17到19的方法，其特征在于，片状吸收剂在最后干燥之前或之后用一种由组份B形成的膜覆盖。
21.按权利要求17到20的方法，其特征在于，通过涂刷、涂刮、喷洒、浇注、浸渗或滴湿的方式涂覆组份B的溶剂。
22.按权利要求13的方法，其特征在于，
a)将组份B适宜的溶剂与组份A混合，
b)使组份B的膜与此混合物接触，和
c)将这样得到的产物进行干燥。
23.按权利要求22的方法，其特征在于，多次重复步骤a、b。
24.按权利要求22或23的方法，其特征在于，由c步骤得到的产品紧接着用由组份B形成的膜覆盖。
25.按权利要求22到24的方法，其特征在于，用于组份B的溶剂通过喷洒、浇注、浸渗、滴湿的方法涂覆到组份A上。
26.按权利要求13的方法，其特征在于，
a)在组份B形成的膜上撒布组份A的聚合物，和
b)将权利要求2到4的聚合物用热法和/或加压法固着在膜上。
27.按权利要求26的方法，其特征在于，经b)步骤得到的产品在热处理前用由B组份形成的另一薄膜覆盖
28.按权利要求25的方法，其特征在于，经b)步骤得到的产品在热处理后用薄膜覆盖。
29.按权利要求26或27的方法，其特征在于，工艺过程的步骤常任意重复：
30.制造权利要求1到11的片状吸收剂的方法，其特征在于，在组份B挤出过程中，将组份A加入其中
31.按权利要求13到30的方法，其特征在于，撒布组份A时用一个模板，它使得在组份B上组份A能够实现确定的排布。
32.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材的应用，是作为保健护理和医疗领域的卫生用品，用于吸收水份或体内排出液体。
33.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材直接用于或作为组份用于自然和/或人工土壤以培育植物或运输和贮存植物或植物部分的应用。
34.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材作为管子和管线的阻水隔离材料的应用，特别是用在电缆和光缆方面。
35.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材的应用，用作建筑结构的阻水隔离材料，特别是用于外墙。
36.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材的应用，直接或作为吸收液体和/或贮存液体的组份用于包装材料。
37.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材的应用，用作服装的一个部分。
38.按权利要求1到11的吸收水和水性液体的片材的应用，用作控制有效物质释放的贮存器。
39.含有权利要求1到11的或按权利要求12到14的方法制造的组合物的化学工业产品。
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