CN1178106C - 增强光电导性的氧钛酞菁 - Google Patents

增强光电导性的氧钛酞菁 Download PDF

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CN1178106C
CN1178106C CNB981258069A CN98125806A CN1178106C CN 1178106 C CN1178106 C CN 1178106C CN B981258069 A CNB981258069 A CN B981258069A CN 98125806 A CN98125806 A CN 98125806A CN 1178106 C CN1178106 C CN 1178106C
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R��H�����˿���
R·H·勒威
Ĭъ��
S·T·默歇尔
丸
C·M·兰朵父
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Abstract

用一种树脂粘合剂将二氧化钛加入到氧钛酞菁中，形成一种具有显著改善暗光衰减和灵敏度的电荷产生层。当通过加入含有二氧化钛的水/甲醇混合物从二氯甲烷/三氟乙酸/氧钛酞菁混合物中沉淀X-型时，灵敏度获得提高。

Description

增强光电导性的氧钛酞菁
本发明涉及用于构成静电图象的光电导元件。这类图象通过在静电表面上涂覆充电的调色剂(toner)而成为可见的或稳定的。
本发明使用X-型和/或Y-型氧钛酞菁(oxo-titanyl phthalocyanine)和二氧化钛的充分混合物作为光电导元件的光敏材料。这种混合物改善了暗光衰减(dark decay)和灵敏度的控制性。氧钛酞菁和二氧化钛都是已知的光电导体，但不知道当二者结合在一起时具有异常的功能。正如众所周知的那样，X-型和Y-型材料因其晶体结构而互不相同，并且与氧钛酞菁的其它结晶形式也不同，这一些从其不同的X-射线衍射图形是很明显的。即使当作为光电导体使用时，它们也常常被称之为“颜料”。
由Saito等人在题为“分散于聚合物中的酞菁粒子的光载体产生过程：颜料颗粒的大小、聚合物基材和添加细γ-氧化铝颗粒的作用”(“Photocarrier Generation Process of Phthalocyanine ParticlesDispersed in a Polymer：Effects of Pigment Particle Size，PolymerMatrix and Addition of Fine γ-Alumina Particles，”in日本应用物理杂志( Japanese Journal of Applied Physics)，Vol.30 No.7A，July，1991，pp.L 1182-L 1185)的一篇文章中报告了将氧化铝加入到无金属酞菁和氧钒酞菁中以增大光电导性。
在Leyrer等人的美国专利US 5 069 992中；在Klavan等人的US 4 268597中；和klavan等人的US 4 202 620中，酞菁绿和酞菁蓝(二者都不是X-型或Y-型氧钛酞菁)与二氧化钛一起使用。在Bean的美国专利US 3982 939中，酞菁和钛在分开的迁移层中使用。Bean等人的美国专利US3 899 329中公开了有光电导材料混合物的光敏元件，但不是已知光电导材料例如X-型或Y-型氧钛酞菁与二氧化钛的唯一的，预先未使用的结合，以达到改善光电导特性。
将1～35重量份的二氧化钛加入到100重量份的X-型或Y-型氧钛酞菁与5000重量份溶剂(50∶50甲乙酮∶环己酮)中并将混合物使用常规的方法，例如涂料摇动器分散。形成的混合物作为电荷产生层用标准树脂粘合剂涂覆在导电体表面，例如铝鼓的阳极化表面上，然后再涂覆电荷转移层以构成光电导元件(典型的是鼓或带)，其中静电图象是通过光电导元件的静电充电，然后由呈图象形的光进行放电形成的。
形成的光电导体表现出显著改善的暗光衰减，并且其灵敏度可以通过适当选择酞菁多晶形物来控制。
本发明的细节将结合附图进行描述，其中图1是Y-型氧钛酞菁仅仅和混合了二氧化钛的Y-型氧钛酞菁比较时观察到的光密度(OD)对暗光衰减的曲线图；图2是X-型氧钛酞菁仅仅与X-型氧钛酞菁二氧化钛混合物比较时观察到的光密度对暗光衰减的曲线图；图3是不同的Y-型和X-型变种与或不与二氧化钛混合时观察到的灵敏度曲线图。
暗光衰减——光电导体在充电之后，但在曝光之前，其表面电压随光电导体的时间的变化——是光电导体的一个重要特性。低值是希望的，因为它还包含性能稳定的意义。图1表示仅用Y-型氧钛酞菁制成的一种光电导体的暗光衰减，还表示出同样的Y-型氧钛酞菁充分与10％重量二氧化钛混合的暗光衰减，二者都用同一树脂粘合剂。在图1中，暗光衰减表示为只有标准Y-型的电压的变化以及混合物的电压的变化。在每一对比组中一对曲线的下面是混合物。图2与图1相似，其中氧钛酞菁是X-型。对比是在相似的光密度下进行，由于比较是在观察地点具有相同酞菁分子数的试样之间进行，对比排除了酞菁浓度作为可变量。数据表明，在全部的测量时间内，暗光衰减在含二氧化钛的试样中降低15～40％。它不是灵敏度(下文马上讨论)的函数，因为相同光密度的试样的放电在方式和程度上是非常相似的。
灵敏度是对应于光能的放电程度，光能是光电导体表面的电势经放电达到特定的预定值时所需的光能量。图3表示的是观察到的数据，表明二氧化钛加到各种Y-型和X-型氧钛酞菁混合物中提供了调整或“调谐”光电导体灵敏度能力的巨大灵活性。灵敏度可以从比标准试样快调整到比标准试样慢(在无水光密度1.49的有10％二氧化钛沉淀的X-型，比在无水光密度1.48的标准X-型更灵敏(更快)，后者又比在无水光密度1.58的与10％二氧化钛混合的X-型快)。
对于X-型氧钛酞菁来说，二氧化钛的加入方式影响灵敏度：通常当二氧化钛在酸成膏阶段期间加入时，比当二氧化钛简单地加入到X-型时灵敏度更高。在二氧化钛存在下的酸成膏工艺如下：将X-型氧钛酞菁溶于二氯甲烷/三氟乙酸混合物(容积比4∶1)中。然后将该溶液伴随搅拌迅速加入到含二氧化钛的水/甲醇(容积比1∶1)混合物中。在二氧化钛存在下在此情形中X-型颜料发生沉淀。
快与慢与电压对曝光的曲线的形状(斜率)相关。快的光电导体的斜率高，斜率高在像素或者是黑色或者是白色的所谓“双元应用”中是有用的，在“二元印相”应用中灰度色调并不重要。另一方面，在希望重现连续的调色剂的应用中需要较慢的光电导体，在这种情形中需要灰度色调。如所演示的那样，二氧化钛的加入允许光电导体灵敏度跨越宽范围、非常理想并具有新特征的“调谐”或调整。
前述含二氧化钛的配方的另一个合乎需要的特征是其低的残留电压。低残留电压是需要的特征因为它等同于光电导体以有效的方式操作。如在图3中所见到的那样，对于所研究的绝大多数情形，加入二氧化钛的光电导体具有比标准低的残余电压。
进一步的观察表明使用相对于酞菁和二氧化钛总重量为1～35％重量的二氧化钛是有益的。二氧化钛多晶形物锐钛矿和金红石二者都可以单独使用或混合使用。70％重量锐钛矿和30％重量金红石的Degussa的产品p-25通常产生更好的结果。
用氧化铝颗粒、氧化锌(用对二氧化钛和氧化锌都是透明的激光波长研究)和其它矿物代替二氧化钛，并没有观察到关于暗光衰减的相似的结果。同样，用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛代替二氧化钛对暗光衰减或灵敏度没有影响，表明二氧化钛产生良好的结果不是源于简单地增厚电荷产生层。
其它专用工艺过程是明显的并且可以预见考虑。

Claims (7)

1、一种光电导元件，含有氧钛酞菁和二氧化钛的混合物，所述二氧化钛的量为所述氧钛酞菁和所述二氧化钛总重量的1～35％，其中所述二氧化钛是锐钛矿二氧化钛和金红石二氧化钛的混合物。
2、如权利要求1所述的光电导元件，其中所述锐钛矿和金红石混合物是7重量份的锐钛矿和3重量份的金红石。
3、如权利要求1所述的光电导元件，其中所述氧钛酞菁是X-型的。
4、如权利要求3所述的光电导元件，其中所述X-型氧钛酞菁通过在所述二氧化钛存在下加入水/甲醇混合物从氯甲烷/氟乙酸混合物中沉淀。
5、如权利要求3所述的光电导元件，其中所述锐钛矿和金红石混合物是7重量份的锐钛矿和3重量份的金红石。
6、如权利要求1所述的光电导元件，其中所述氧钛酞菁是Y-型的。
7、如权利要求6所述的光电导元件，其中所述锐钛矿和金红石混合物是7重量份的锐钛矿和3重量份的金红石。
CNB981258069A 1997-11-25 1998-11-25 增强光电导性的氧钛酞菁 Expired - Fee Related CN1178106C (zh)

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JP4217793B2 (ja) 2009-02-04
CN1219688A (zh) 1999-06-16
JP2000122319A (ja) 2000-04-28
EP0919876A1 (en) 1999-06-02
US5895739A (en) 1999-04-20
DE69825020D1 (de) 2004-08-19
KR100567674B1 (ko) 2006-06-07
EP0919876B1 (en) 2004-07-14
KR19990045526A (ko) 1999-06-25
DE69825020T2 (de) 2005-08-25

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