CN116840462A - 偶联物的制备方法 - Google Patents
偶联物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116840462A CN116840462A CN202310702870.2A CN202310702870A CN116840462A CN 116840462 A CN116840462 A CN 116840462A CN 202310702870 A CN202310702870 A CN 202310702870A CN 116840462 A CN116840462 A CN 116840462A
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- Prior art keywords
- glucose
- rapamycin
- phosphate dehydrogenase
- buffer
- conjugate
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
本申请涉及偶联物的制备方法。具体而言,本申请的6‑磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体相较于野生型6‑磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶包含选自以下的一个突变或其组合:D306C、D375C、G426C。使用本申请的6‑磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体所制备的检测试剂盒,其特异性强、灵敏度高、操作方便、检测时间短、定量准确,适合高通量检测。
Description
本申请是2020年1月8日提交的中国专利申请《6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体及其在制备雷帕霉素检测试剂中的用途》(申请号2020100165353)的分案申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及生物检测领域,特别是涉及一种突变的酶6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(简称G6PDH)及其在雷帕霉素检测试剂盒中的应用。
背景技术
半抗原,某些小分子物质(分子量小于4000Da),其单独不能诱导免疫应答,即不具备免疫原性,但当其与大分子蛋白质或非抗原性的多聚赖氨酸等载体交联或结合后可获得免疫原性,诱导免疫应答。这些小分子物质可与应答效应产物结合,具备抗原性,它只有免疫反应性,不具免疫原性,又称不完全抗原。
半抗原能与对应抗体结合出现抗原-抗体反应,又不能单独激发人或动物体产生抗体的抗原。它只有免疫反应性,不具免疫原性,又称不完全抗原。大多数多糖、类脂、激素、小分子药物都属于半抗原。如果用化学方法把半抗原与某种蛋白分子(载体)结合,会获得新的免疫原性,并能刺激动物产生相应的抗体。
小分子抗原或半抗原因缺乏可作夹心法的两个以上的位点,因此不能用双抗体夹心法进行测定,多采用竞争模式。原理是标本中的抗原和一定量的酶标抗原竞争与固相抗体结合。标本中抗原量含量愈多,结合在固相上的酶标抗原愈少,显色愈浅。小分子激素、药物等ELISA测定多用此法。
雷帕霉素(Rapamune)结构式如下所示:
雷帕霉素(也称为西罗莫司,siro)是由放线菌合成的疏水大环类三烯内酯,是亲脂性分子家族中的一员。其携带有内酯环,12-,14-或16-位被羟基、甲基、或乙烷基取代。雷帕霉素与环胞霉素、糖皮质激素联合使用时,可以降低肾移植受体急性排斥反应的发生率。原因在于雷帕霉素与他克莫司结合蛋白-12结合,而抑制T淋巴细胞的增值。
雷帕霉素分布于人红细胞中,由肝脏代谢,通过粪便和胆汁清除。雷帕霉素的副作用有头痛,恶心,头晕,鼻出血,关节疼痛;实验室检查发现如下指标异常:血小板、白细胞减少,高甘油三酯血症,高胆固醇血症等。以上副作用为剂量依赖性,并且为可逆的。
基于上述原因,在治疗过程中需及时进行雷帕霉素血药浓度监测,是辅助临床治疗、改善治疗效果、降低毒性风险的有效方式。
目前已知的雷帕霉素检测方法主要有:高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、发光免疫、酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)等方法。高效液相色谱法可将药物与代谢产物以及内源性物质分离,具有专一性强的特点,是检测MTX血浆浓度的金标准,但该法需复杂的前处理过程和较长的测定时间,不适合大样本的快速检测。在临床检测诊断过程中,以均相酶免疫法(EMIT)和胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测为主。
均相酶免疫测定的原理:在液体均相反应体系中,酶标记抗原(如G6PDH-雷帕霉素)与非标记抗原(雷帕霉素),竞争与定量的抗体(雷帕霉素抗体)进行结合,当抗体与非标记抗原结合越多,酶标记抗原释放的活性就越多,酶催化底物NAD+生成NADH就越多,在340nm波长下检测NADH的吸光度变化,即可推算出液体中雷帕霉素的含量。
现有的均相酶免疫测定法依赖于对小分子药物自身所带反应基团进行的激活,之后再与酶进行反应。这样的策略难以保证小分子药物和酶之间的定向1:1反应,而导致批间差异大。
发明内容
鉴于本领域的需求,本申请提供了一种新型的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体、及其在制备雷帕霉素检测试剂盒中的用途。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体。区别于已有发表的专利US006090567A(Homogeneous immunoassaysusing mutant glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenases)的6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的突变体,本申请的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体,其包含选自以下的突变:D306C、D375C、G426C。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体,所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体是选自以下的序列所示:SEQ ID No.2、SEQ ID No.3、SEQ ID No.4。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种多核苷酸,其编码本申请的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种表达载体,其包含本申请的多核苷酸。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种宿主细胞,其包含本申请的表达载体。宿主细胞可以是原核(如细菌)或真核(如酵母)。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种偶联物,其是本申请的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体与半抗原按照摩尔比1:1偶联而成。
在一些具体的实施方案中,半抗原的分子量为100Da至4000Da,例如:100、150、200、250、300、350、400、410、420、430、440、450、460、470、480、490、500、520、550、570、600、620、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1100、1200、1300、1400、1500、1600、1700、1800、1900、2000、2100、2200、2300、2400、2500、2600、2700、2800、2900、3000、3100、3200、3300、3400、3500、3600、3700、3800、3900、4000。
根据本申请,技术人员将理解,“半抗原”还包含其衍生物的形式。为了便于和6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶进行偶联,对于那些自身不带有偶联基团(例如,与巯基反应的基团)的半抗原(例如雷帕霉素),可以经改造而带有接头,以便和巯基共价结合。因此,在本申请中,半抗原衍生物是指,经改造而带有巯基反应基团的半抗原。
半抗原选自:小分子药物(如抗生素、精神药物)、激素、代谢物、糖、脂质、氨基酸。
半抗原例如但不限于:万古霉素、茶碱、苯妥英、维生素D、25羟维生素D、1,25双羟维生素D、叶酸、强心甙(包括地高辛、洋地黄毒苷)、酶酚酸、雷帕明、环孢霉素A、氨甲喋呤、乙胺碘复酮、他克莫司、血清氨基酸、胆汁酸、甘胆酸、苯丙氨酸、乙醇、尿尼柯丁代谢产物柯替宁、尿吗啡、尿单羟酚衍生物、神经肽酪氨酸、血浆甘丙素、多胺、组织胺、促甲状腺激素、泌乳素、胎盘泌乳素、生长激素、促卵泡刺激素、促黄体生成素、促肾上腺皮质激素、抗利尿激素、降钙素、降钙素原、甲状旁腺激素、甲状腺素、三碘甲状原氨酸、反三碘甲状原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状原氨酸、皮质醇、尿17-羟皮质类固醇、尿17-酮类固醇、脱氢表雄酮及硫酸酯、醛固酮、尿香草苦杏仁酸、血浆肾素、血管紧张素、促红细胞生成素、睾酮、双氢睾酮、雄烯二酮、17α羟孕酮、雌酮、雌三醇、雌二醇、孕酮、人绒毛膜促性腺激素、胰岛素、胰岛素原、C肽、胃泌素、血浆前列腺素、血浆6-酮前列腺素F1α、前列环素、肾上腺素、儿茶酚胺、去甲肾上腺素、胆囊收缩素、纳素、环磷酸腺苷、环磷酸鸟苷、血管活性肽、生长抑素、促胰液素、P-物质、神经降压素、血栓素A2、血栓素B2、5羟色胺、神经肽Y、骨钙素。
在具体的实施方案中,半抗原是雷帕霉素或其衍生物。
在具体的实施方案中,半抗原是雷帕霉素衍生物,其带有巯基反应基团,例如来酰亚胺、溴乙酰基、乙烯基砜或氮丙啶。
在具体的实施方案中,半抗原是雷帕霉素衍生物,如式I所示:
其中,
SIRO代表
在一些实施方案中,m为1至10的整数,优选1至5的整数,例如1、2、3、4、5。
在具体的实施方案中,雷帕霉素衍生物如式II所示:
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种试剂,其包含本申请的偶联物。
根据一些实施方案,提供了本申请的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体在制备雷帕霉素检测试剂中的用途。
根据一些实施方案,提供了本申请的偶联物在制备雷帕霉素检测试剂中的用途。
在具体的实施方案中,所述的检测试剂选自:酶联免疫法检测试剂、化学发光免疫法检测试剂、均相酶免疫法检测试剂、胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测试剂。
在具体的实施方案中,所述的检测试剂优选是基于竞争法检测的试剂。
根据一些实施方案,提供了本申请的偶联物在制备雷帕霉素检测装置中的用途。
在具体的实施方案中,所述的检测装置可以制备成孔板(例如96-孔板)的形式,比如板上包被根据本申请的试剂。
在具体的实施方案中,所述的检测装置可以制备成颗粒(例如胶乳、磁珠)的形式,比如颗粒上包被根据本申请的试剂。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种雷帕霉素检测试剂盒,其包含:
-第一试剂,所述第一试剂包含底物、缓冲液和雷帕霉素抗体;所述底物是6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的底物;
-第二试剂,所述第二试剂包含本申请的偶联物和缓冲液;
-任选地,校准品,所述校准品包含10mM至500mM缓冲液、已知浓度的雷帕霉素;以及
-任选地,质控品,所述质控品包含10mM至500mM缓冲液、已知浓度的雷帕霉素。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种雷帕霉素检测试剂盒,其包含:
第一试剂,其包含:
10mM至500mM缓冲液、
5mM至50mM底物、
0.01μg/ml至10μg/ml雷帕霉素抗体、0.1g/L至5g/L稳定剂、
0.1g/L至5g/L表面活性剂、
0.1g/L至5g/L防腐剂;
第二试剂,其包含:
10mM至500mM缓冲液、
0.01μg/ml至10μg/ml根据本申请的偶联物、
0.1g/L至5g/L稳定剂、
0.1g/L至5g/L表面活性剂、
0.1g/L至5g/L防腐剂;
在一些实施方案中,所述缓冲液选自以下的一种或组合:TAPS、氨基丁三醇缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液、柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液、巴比妥缓冲液、甘氨酸缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、三羟甲基甲烷缓冲液;优选地,磷酸盐缓冲液;所述缓冲液的浓度为10mmol/L至500mmol/L,优选50至300mM;所述缓冲液的pH为7至8.4。
在一些实施方案中,所述稳定剂选自以下的一种或组合:牛血清白蛋白、海藻糖、甘油、蔗糖、甘露醇、甘氨酸、精氨酸、聚乙二醇6000、聚乙二醇8000;优选牛血清白蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,所述表面活性剂选自以下的一种或组合:Brij23、Brij35、Triton X-100、Triton X-405、Tween20、Tween30、Tween80、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、AEO7,优选Tween20。
在一些实施方案中,所述的防腐剂选自以下的一种或组合:叠氮化物、MIT、生物防腐剂PC(如PC-300)、硫柳汞;所述叠氮化物选自:叠氮钠、叠氮锂。
在一些实施方案中,所述底物包含:6-磷酸葡糖糖、β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸。
在一些具体的实施方案中,所述雷帕霉素抗体源自:兔、小鼠、大鼠、山羊、绵羊、猫、豚鼠、犬、灵长类、牛、马、骆驼科、禽、人。
在一些具体的实施方案中,所述雷帕霉素抗体选自:单抗、多抗、重组抗体、嵌合抗体、抗原结合片段。
根据一些实施方案,提供了一种偶联物的制备方法,包括步骤:
1)提供根据本申请的雷帕霉素衍生物,尤其是在非质子性溶剂(例如但不限于乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜)中提供根据本申请的雷帕霉素衍生物;
2)提供6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体,优选在缓冲液(其提供反应环境,例如但不限于PBS、Tris、TAPS、TAPSO,所述缓冲液pH为6.0至8.0)中提供6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体;
3)在18℃至28℃,将所述雷帕霉素衍生物和所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体按照摩尔比n:1接触1小时至4小时(优选2小时至3小时)使得所述雷帕霉素衍生物和所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体发生偶联,得到所述种偶联物;
4)根据需要,任选对所述种偶联物进行纯化,例如脱盐处理等。
在一些实施方案中,反应体系中酶和半抗原的接触摩尔比1:n,其中n是1至500,例如,1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、100、200、300、400、500及其任意上述数值之间的范围;优选n是20至60,例如50。
在一些具体的实施方案中,步骤1)和2)能够互换或并行。
在一些具体的实施方案中,在偶联之前,所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶包含一个或多个游离的巯基,从而允许和雷帕霉素实现定向反应。
野生型6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶不含游离的巯基,因此在一些具体的实施方案中,6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶是经过基因工程改造的,使其在特定位点(306、375或426位)上的氨基酸突变为半胱氨酸,从而带有一个游离巯基。
附图说明
图1.G6PDH(野生型)氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.1);源自假肠膜明串珠菌Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides。
图2.G6PDH(D306C)氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.2)。
图3.G6PDH(D375C)氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.3)。
图4.G6PDH(G426C)氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.4)。
具体实施方式
实施例
实施例1.雷帕霉素衍生物的合成
向圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的DCM 10mL,向其中加入化合物1(200mg,1.18mmol),DIPEA(183mg,1.42mmol),降温至0℃,氮气保护下缓慢加入化合物2(244mg,1.18mmol),将反应温度升至室温(18-28℃,优选20至25℃),继续搅拌,TLC检测,约4小时反应完毕,不经处理,直接用于下一步。
将雷帕霉素(1.08g,1.18mmol)加入以上反应体系中,然后加入DMAP(432mg,3.54mmol),室温搅拌,TLC检测,反应完毕减压除去溶剂,柱层析纯化得雷帕霉素衍生物(480mg),产率38%。
按常规方法确认产物结构。本实施例使得雷帕霉素带有一个可以和酶结合的基团。
实施例2.雷帕霉素衍生物与G6PDH分子的偶联
一、本申请的偶联方法
根据本申请的G6PDH-雷帕霉素偶联物,按照以下方式进行偶联:雷帕霉素衍生物分子上的巯基反应性基团(如但不限于马来酰亚胺基团)与G6PDH分子上的巯基共价结合。
1.将雷帕霉素衍生物溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中(10mg/ml);
2.将200μl G6PDH(本申请的突变体或现有技术突变体)溶液(6.4mg/ml、0.2M磷酸缓冲液,pH 8.0)加入至750μl缓冲溶液(0.05MNa2HPO4、150mM NaCl、10mM EDTA、0.1%NaN3、pH 7.2)中;
3.然后向其中加入雷帕霉素衍生物的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液50μl;
4.上述混合溶液,在室温(18至28℃)下充分震荡2-3小时;
5.分子筛层析处理,得到G6PDH-雷帕霉素偶联物(浓度0.1mg/mL-2.0mg/mL)。
二、非定向的对照偶联方法(依靠对雷帕霉素自带基团的激活)
1.称取G6PDH室温溶解于含有PBS缓冲液中;
2.将一定量的雷帕霉素、1-乙基-3-碳二亚胺、N-羟基硫代琥珀酰亚胺,溶解于Mes溶液中,于室温中搅拌溶解15-60min进行活化;
3.将上述活化的雷帕霉素溶液逐滴加入到溶解的G6PDH中搅拌溶解;
4.在2-8℃搅拌溶解过夜;
5.纯化后,得到葡萄糖脱氢酶-雷帕霉素偶联物于2-8℃下保存。
实施例3.试剂盒的制备
制备以下检测雷帕霉素的试剂盒,其包含:
1.第一试剂的制备:
2.第二试剂的制备:
3.质控品、校准品:
所述质控品为雷帕霉素纯品由缓冲溶液稀释所得,其浓度分别为4-6ng/ml、8-12ng/ml、22-28ng/ml。
所述校准品为雷帕霉素纯品由缓冲溶液稀释所得,其浓度分别为0ng/ml、3ng/ml、6ng/ml、12ng/ml、24ng/ml、36ng/ml。
4.试剂盒组装:
将上述试剂(任选包含质控品、校准品),组装成雷帕霉素均相酶免疫检测试剂盒。
检测例
在均相反应体系中,样本中的雷帕霉素和G6PDH-雷帕霉素偶联物同时竞争结合抗雷帕霉素抗体位点,由于抗体与偶联物结合后酶活性下降,样品中游离的雷帕霉素越多,竞争结合的抗体位点越多,抗体与酶偶联物的结合就越少,未结合抗体的酶偶联物催化β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸氧化型(NAD+)转化为β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸还原型(NADH),样品中的雷帕霉素浓度与NADH的生成量成正比,通过吸光度的变化即可得到样品中雷帕霉素的浓度。
表1.全自动生化仪参数
检测例1.本申请试剂盒的性能
1.定标吸光度
表2.定标吸光度
2.精密度实验
利用如上建立起的定标曲线,测定高、中、低质控品。
表3.精密度(D306C突变体)
3.重复性
表4.重复性
4.回收
表5.回收
5.线性
表6.线性
6.稳定性
表7.37℃加速稳定性
检测例2.偶联物中的抗体抑制率
1.抗体抑制率的检测原理
当抗体与G6PDH-雷帕霉素偶联物结合时,由于空间位阻导致G6PDH酶活性受到影响,从而使得其催化NAD转化为NADH的效率降低,通过检测NADH量的变化,从而比较加入抗体与未加入抗体的实验组的差异,这种差异即体现为抗体对G6PDH的抑制能力。
2.反应体系
表8.抗体抑制率的检测试剂制备
3.结果
比较加入抗体与未加入抗体时,分别检测G6PDH-雷帕霉素偶联物吸光度测值,即可得到抗体对G6PDH的抑制情况。
相对于已发表的突变位点(A45C、K55C)所制备的偶联物相比,本申请的酶突变体在抗体抑制率上有明显提高,能达到50%以上(G426C:50%;D375C:51%),最高达60.4%(D306C)。而之前已发表的突变位点(例如A45C、K55C)的抑制率为38.6%至45%。
虽然不限于具体理论,但是可以部分地解释为:和现有技术中的G6PDH突变体(A45C、K55C)相比,本申请酶突变体中突变位点(即引入游离巯基的位点)是和半抗原(比如激素、小分子药物等)发生偶联的位置所在。半抗原在这个位置上与半抗原特异性抗体结合时,所构成的空间位阻对G6PDH酶的活性影响最大,同时在引入突变后,还不能实质上影响分子的空间折叠。因此,这个突变位点的位置非常重要,需要同时兼顾G6PDH酶的活性、偶联分子的空间折叠、以及半抗原表位的充分暴露。
由于酶的突变体在抗体抑制率上有明显的提高。将酶的突变体与雷帕霉素偶联后的偶联物配制成试剂盒后,试剂在批间变异系数、线性、特异性等性能方面有明显的性能提升。
Claims (2)
1.一种偶联物的制备方法,其包括步骤:
1)提供雷帕霉素衍生物;
2)提供6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体;
3)所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体与所述雷帕霉素衍生物发生偶联;
所述雷帕霉素衍生物是式I所示:
其中,
SIRO代表
m为1至10的整数,优选1至5的整数;
优选地,所述雷帕霉素衍生物是式II所示:
相较于野生型6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶,所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体包含D306C突变:所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体是SEQ ID No.2序列所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的偶联物的制备方法,其包括步骤:
1)提供雷帕霉素衍生物,优选在非质子性溶剂中提供雷帕霉素衍生物;
2)提供所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体,优选在缓冲液中提供所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体;
3)在18℃至28℃优选20℃至25℃,将所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体和所述雷帕霉素衍生物接触1小时至4小时,优选2小时至3小时,使得所述雷帕霉素衍生物和所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体发生偶联,得到所述偶联物;
4)任选,对所述偶联物进行纯化,优选对所述偶联物进行脱盐纯化;
步骤1)和步骤2)能够互换或并行;
所述缓冲液选自以下一种或组合:磷酸缓冲液、Tris缓冲液、Hepes缓冲液、PBS缓冲液、TAPSO缓冲液,
所述缓冲液的pH为6.0至8.0;
所述非质子性溶剂选自以下一种或组合:乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜;
在步骤3)之前,所述6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶突变体在第306位有游离巯基。
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