CN115568375A - High-yield cultivation method for cortex moutan - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for cortex moutan Download PDFInfo
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- CN115568375A CN115568375A CN202211419417.2A CN202211419417A CN115568375A CN 115568375 A CN115568375 A CN 115568375A CN 202211419417 A CN202211419417 A CN 202211419417A CN 115568375 A CN115568375 A CN 115568375A
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000736199 Paeonia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 235000006484 Paeonia officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
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- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000847925 Paeonia ostii Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 240000005001 Paeonia suffruticosa Species 0.000 description 2
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- 206010013935 Dysmenorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218201 Ranunculaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000405414 Rehmannia Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of cortex moutan, which adopts seven steps of seedling optimization, production plot selection, fertilization and soil preparation, seedling pruning and processing, seedling planting, production management technology and harvesting, increases the distribution proportion of a peony root system in shallow soil through reasonable planting and management technology, fully exerts the production potential of the root system of peony, can realize the high yield of the cortex moutan by continuous five-year management, the yield per mu reaches more than 400 kilograms, exceeds the yield of six years of the traditional cortex moutan production and cultivation, improves the yield and quality of the cortex moutan, promotes the economic benefit of the cortex moutan planting, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree peony bark cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of tree peony bark.
Background
The medicinal peony is a Ranunculaceae plant, the main cultivation variety of the medicinal peony is paeonia ostii, the medicinal peony is used as the medicine, the part of the fleshy cortex remained after the wood core of the root system of the peony is removed, and the traditional Chinese medicine is called cortex moutan; the cortex moutan has very high medicinal value, has the effects of clearing heat, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and the like, can be used for clinically treating body diseases such as warm-toxicity erythema, night fever, early coolness, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, traumatic injury and the like, can trace back to the Tang dynasty as medicinal use of the peony, has been confirmed, along with exhaustion of wild resources, the cortex moutan becomes a family species in recent generations, main producing areas mainly comprise Henan, shandong, anhui and the like, the cortex moutan is used in Chinese patent medicines such as six-ingredient rehmannia pills and the like in a large amount, and becomes a large variety of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so artificial large-area planting is changed, as the growth cycle of the peony is too long, the population engaged in agricultural production in the main producing areas is rapidly reduced in recent years, the labor cost of the cortex moutan is higher, the market supply of the cortex moutan is tightened at present, and as the peony cultivation technology is unscientific and reasonable, the yield and quality of the cortex moutan are lower, the demand cannot be met, and production cultivation technology innovation and large-scale popularization are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a high-yield cultivation method for cortex moutan, which increases the distribution proportion of peony root systems in shallow soil, improves the yield and quality of cortex moutan, shortens the cultivation period and improves the economic benefit of cortex moutan production through reasonable field planting and management technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-yield cultivation method of cortex moutan comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling selection
Selecting two-year-old Paeonia ostii seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is required to be larger than 10mm, the root bark is white, tender and slightly yellowish brown, the seedlings are clean, have no wound and have no dark spots, and more lateral roots are arranged within 10 centimeters away from the ground surface;
step two, selecting production land parcels
The production land should be selected in a mountain area with an altitude of about 500 meters, the surrounding vegetation is good, the air is humid, the soil drainage is good, the underground water level is lower, the slope is in a sunny and gradual slope land with a slope of 15-20 degrees, sandy loam is selected, slightly acidic soil with a pH value larger than 6.0 is selected for planting in the south, slightly alkaline soil with a pH value smaller than 8.5 is selected for planting in the north, and previous crops should be avoided to be roots such as sweet potatoes or vegetables and fruits;
step three, fertilizing and soil preparation
Firstly, deeply ploughing soil to ensure that the ploughing is below 40 centimeters; then applying 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, uniformly throwing, harrowing, leveling and finely harrowing; ridging needs to be carried out along the direction vertical to the contour line, so that water can be drained in the future conveniently, and the ridge distance is 45 cm;
fourth, pruning and processing the seedlings
The main root of the optimized peony seedling is cut off at a position 15 to 20 centimeters away from the ground surface by using a branch shear, the area of a cut perpendicular to the main root is small and flat as much as possible so as to reduce the possibility of invasion of a disease source, the side root is fixed as much as possible, but is damaged, and the cut seedling is cut off and is dipped in the root.
Step five, planting the nursery stock
Digging pits on the finished ridges according to the plant spacing of 30 cm, wherein the depth of each pit is 20 cm, the diameter of each pit is 20-25 cm, and about 5000 plants can be planted in each mu; directly inserting the seedlings into the center of the pit by taking the main rod with hands so that the lateral roots are tiled at the bottom of the pit, filling soil until the original ground surface of the seedlings is buried for 2-3 centimeters, and treading tightly, wherein the seedlings cannot be lifted upwards; the north of the planting time is generally selected in the last 9 th or the last 10 th month, the soil should be ensured to have better soil moisture during planting, otherwise, watering is needed in advance, watering is not needed in the half month after planting, watering is carried out again according to the situation, watering is not carried out without drought, and part of branches above the seedling ground are cut off immediately after planting and only 3 centimeters are reserved and earthed to cover stubble openings.
Step six, production management technology
S1, fertilization management:
sprouting and unearthing the primarily planted peony in 3 months of the next year, beginning to enter the vigorous growth period of the peony, watering and fertilizing in time, and applying 50 kg of compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer to each mu; fully unfolding the leaves of the peony at the bottom of 4 months, and leading the peony to enter a nutrition accumulation period, so as to ensure that the soil is not lack of water, timely carrying out foliage dressing on leaner land parcels, and not needing watering as long as the soil is not dry to cause the wilting of the leaves of the peony until the photosynthesis efficiency of the peony is obviously reduced in the middle of 6 months; paying attention to soil moisture content again in the middle and last ten days of 9 months every year, and performing secondary topdressing in one year, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3:2:1, applying 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and applying 100 grams of boric acid per mu during the fertilization;
s2, trimming:
pruning is a key ring for obtaining high yield of the cortex moutan, and is carried out in the second spring from the beginning of field planting, namely only 1-2 thick branches are reserved after germination in the spring of the third year after field planting, and redundant branches are wiped off from the base; in the third year, the peony enters the flowering age, the bud grows rapidly after sprouting in early spring, and the bud is pinched off from the base of the bud when the bud grows to the round peach period; in October, beginning autumn shearing when peony enters a defoliation period, shearing upper branches at a position 2 centimeters above the plump buds selected from branches growing in the current year, and shearing weak and overlapped branches together to promote vigorous growth in the next year; spring shearing and autumn shearing are carried out every year as in the third year till harvest;
seventhly, harvesting the root bark of peony
The peony bark can be harvested and dug after the leaves fall in autumn in the sixth year of peony cultivation, overground part branches are firstly cut off during harvesting, then the root system is completely dug out, the fleshy part of the root system is prevented from being damaged as much as possible, the dug-out root system is cut off diseased roots, rotten parts and parts with nematodes by scissors, rough grading is carried out according to the thickness, the moisture content is high when the peony bark is just dug out, and the bark is scraped off by a sharp blade; and after the dug fresh peony roots are placed in a shade place for one or two days, when the fleshy roots and the skins of the roots are not easy to break, the wood cores are timely taken out, and the fresh peony roots are continuously dried and sold or stored.
The liquid medicine for root dipping treatment in the fourth step is as follows: 200mg of naphthylacetic acid, 2000mg of carbendazim, 60mg of boric acid and 1000ml of water are mixed, 20 trimmed seedlings are bundled, and the seedlings are immersed in the liquid medicine for 2 to 3 seconds, taken out and aired until no running water exists;
in the fourth step, the root dipping treatment uses 1000ml of the proportion of 80mg of naphthylacetic acid, 1500mg of carbendazim and 40 of boric acid water to prepare a liquid medicine, 20 cut seedlings are immersed into the liquid medicine for 10 minutes in a bundle, and the seedlings are fished out and drained.
The selection of the production land parcel in the second step, the altitude, the gradient and the soil condition are all main environmental factors influencing the yield of the peony tree, and the factors influence the heat, water and nutrient supply conditions of the growth of the peony tree, so that the root bark growth in the nutrient growth of the medicinal peony tree is influenced; the peony has the ecological characteristics of preferring yang and enduring half yin, under the condition of picking buds and picking flowers, the nutrition of plants is not consumed due to blooming and fruiting in the positive environment, and the positive environment is rich in light and rich in synthesized and stored organic matters, so that the yield and the quality of the cortex moutan are improved; peony has high content of volatile substances in the cortex moutan under the condition of slightly acidic soil and has aromatic flavor.
In addition to environmental conditions, cultivation measures are also one of the most important factors influencing the yield and the quality of the peony tree bark, and in order to obtain the highest yield and the best quality, high-yield and high-quality environmental conditions and scientific and reasonable cultivation measures are combined, and if the cultivation measures are changed, the influence of the environmental conditions on the yield and the quality of the peony tree bark is changed.
In the fifth seedling planting step, the seedlings are directly inserted into the centers of the pits by taking the main rods by hands, so that the lateral roots are flatly paved at the bottoms of the pits, and the seedlings are filled with soil until the original ground surfaces of the seedlings are buried for 2-3 centimeters and are tamped but cannot be lifted upwards, thereby being beneficial to promoting the root systems to be distributed in the shallow soil layer, improving the recovery ratio of the future root systems and further improving the yield of the cortex moutan.
Wherein the north planting time in the planting of the five nursery stocks in the step five is generally selected from the beginning of 9 months or the beginning of 10 months, the soil temperature is suitable for the formation and growth of new roots in the period of time,
in the sixth production management technology, the leaf surfaces of the peony are completely unfolded at the bottom of 4 months, the peony enters a nutrient accumulation period, the photosynthesis of the peony is at a higher level, and the demand on water and nutrients is vigorous; in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, the soil moisture content needs to be paid attention again, and at this time, the root system of the peony starts to grow and develop in a new round, so that the yield in the future is determined.
Wherein only 1-2 thick branches are reserved after germination in spring of the third year after the sixth fixed planting, and redundant branches are wiped off from the base; since the peony starts to bloom at the age of the third year, the buds grow rapidly after sprouting in early spring, and the buds are cut off from the bases of the buds when the buds grow to the round peach period, so that nutrition waste during blooming can be avoided, and rapid accumulation of nutrition is promoted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method adopts seven steps of seedling optimization, production land block selection, fertilization and soil preparation, seedling trimming and treatment, seedling planting, production management technology and harvesting, increases the distribution proportion of peony root systems in shallow soil, fully exerts the production potential of peony root systems, can realize high yield of the cortex moutan by continuous five-year management, has the yield per mu of more than 400 kilograms, keeps or exceeds the yield of six years of traditional cortex moutan production and cultivation, has high cost performance, obviously improves the yield and quality of the cortex moutan, improves the economic benefit of cortex moutan planting, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The high-yield cultivation method of the cortex moutan increases the distribution proportion of the root system of the peony tree in shallow soil, can improve the yield and quality of the cortex moutan, greatly reduces the labor cost in production, shortens the period by one year and slightly increases the yield compared with the traditional production method, and the specific implementation mode of the invention is further detailed by combining with the examples.
Example 1
A high-yield cultivation method of cortex moutan comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling selection
Selecting two-year-old Paeonia ostii seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is required to be larger than 10mm, the root bark is white, tender and slightly yellowish brown, the seedlings are clean, have no wound and have no dark spots, and more lateral roots are arranged within 10 centimeters away from the ground surface;
step two, selecting production land parcels
The production land should be selected in a mountain area with an altitude of about 500 meters, the surrounding vegetation is good, the air is moist, the soil drainage is good, the underground water level is lower, the slope is in a sunny gentle slope land with a gradient of 15-20 degrees, sandy loam is selected, slightly acidic soil with a pH value of more than 6.0 is selected for planting in the south, slightly alkaline soil with a pH value of less than 8.5 is selected for planting in the north, and the previous crops should be avoided to be roots of sweet potatoes and the like or vegetables and fruits;
step three, fertilizing and soil preparation
Firstly, deeply ploughing soil to ensure that the ploughing is below 40 centimeters; then applying 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, uniformly throwing, harrowing, leveling and finely harrowing; making ridges, wherein the ridges are made in the direction perpendicular to the contour lines, so that water can be drained in the future conveniently, and the ridge distance is 45 cm;
fourthly, pruning and processing the seedlings
The main root of the optimized peony seedling is cut off at a position 15 to 20 centimeters away from the ground surface by using a pair of pruning shears, the area of a cut perpendicular to the main root is small and flat as much as possible so as to reduce the possibility of invasion of a disease source, and the side root is fixed as much as possible but is cut off when being damaged. And (3) carrying out root dipping treatment on the trimmed seedlings, preparing a root dipping liquid medicine by using 200mg of naphthylacetic acid, 2000mg of carbendazim, 60mg of boric acid and 1000ml of water, bundling 20 trimmed seedlings, and taking out and airing until no running water exists after the seedlings invade the liquid medicine for 2-3 seconds.
Step five, planting the nursery stock
Digging pits on the finished ridges according to the column pitch of 30 cm, wherein the depth of each pit is 20 cm, the diameter of each pit is 20-25 cm, and about 5000 plants can be planted in each mu. The seedlings are directly inserted into the center of the pit by taking the main rod, so that the lateral roots are tiled at the bottom of the pit, and the soil is filled until the original ground surface of the seedlings is buried for 2-3 centimeters and the seedlings cannot be lifted upwards, thereby being beneficial to promoting the root systems to be distributed in the shallow soil layer, improving the recovery ratio of the root systems in the future and further improving the yield. The north planting time is generally selected from the last 9 months or the last 10 months, the temperature of soil is suitable for the formation and growth of new roots, the soil needs to be ensured to have better soil moisture during planting, otherwise, water needs to be poured in advance, the soil does not need to be watered in half a month after planting, the soil is watered again according to the situation, and the soil is not watered without drought, which is different from the common situation. Immediately after planting, the overground part of the seedling branches are cut off and only kept for 3 centimeters, and then the seedlings are earthed up to cover the stubble openings.
Step six, production management technology
The peony sprouts out in 3 months in the next year, if the soil moisture content is good in the last year, watering is not carried out in the period of time, at the moment, watering is carried out in time if the soil is moderately arid, the peony starts to enter the vigorous growth period in the period of time, watering and fertilizing are carried out in time, and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to each mu. Until the leaves of the peony are completely unfolded at the bottom of 4 months, the peony enters a nutrient accumulation period, the photosynthesis of the peony is at a higher level, the demand for water and nutrients is vigorous, the soil is ensured not to be lack of water, the leaf surface topdressing is carried out on leaner plots in time, the photosynthesis efficiency of the peony is obviously reduced until the middle 6 th month, and watering is not needed as long as the soil is not dry to cause the wilting of the leaves of the peony. Soil moisture content should be paid attention again when the soil enters the middle and last ten days of 9 months every year, and at the moment, the root system of peony starts a new round of growth and development to determine the yield in the future. And performing secondary topdressing in one year, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3:2:1, applying 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and applying 100 grams of boric acid per mu for the fertilization.
Pruning is a key ring for obtaining high yield of the cortex moutan, and is carried out in the second spring from the beginning of field planting, namely only 1-2 thick branches are reserved after germination in the spring of the third year after field planting, and redundant branches are wiped off from the base; in the third year, the peony enters the flowering age, buds grow rapidly after germination in early spring, and the buds are pinched off from the bases of the buds when the buds grow to the round peach period, so that nutrition waste caused by flowering can be avoided, rapid accumulation of nutrition is promoted, but the buds cannot be pinched too early, and the bud pinching too early can influence the leaf area index, thereby influencing photosynthesis and nutrition accumulation; in October in autumn, peony also enters a defoliation period, autumn shearing is started, wherein upper branches are sheared at a position 2 centimeters above the plump buds selected from branches growing in the current year by autumn shearing, and meanwhile, the thin, weak and overlapped branches are sheared together to promote vigorous growth in the next year. Spring and autumn scissors are carried out every year after that, like the third year, until the harvest.
Seventhly, harvesting the root bark of peony
The peony bark can be harvested and dug after the leaves fall in autumn in the sixth year of peony cultivation, overground part branches are firstly cut off during harvesting, then the root system is completely dug out, the fleshy part of the root system is prevented from being damaged as much as possible, the dug-out root system is cut off diseased roots, rotten parts and parts with nematodes by scissors, rough grading is carried out according to the thickness, the moisture content is high when the peony bark is just dug out, and the bark is scraped off by a sharp blade; and after the dug fresh peony roots are placed in a shade place for one or two days, and the roots become soft and fleshy, and the root bark is not easy to break, the wood cores are timely taken out, and the fresh peony roots are continuously aired to be dry and can be sold or stored.
Example 2
A high-yield cultivation method of cortex moutan comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling selection
Selecting two-year-old paeonia ostii seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is required to be larger than 10mm, the root skins are white, tender and yellowish brown, clean, free of wounds and dark spots, and more lateral roots are arranged within 10 cm from the ground surface;
step two, selecting production land parcels
The production land should be selected in a mountain area with an altitude of about 500 meters, the surrounding vegetation is good, the air is humid, the soil drainage is good, the underground water level is lower, the slope is in a sunny and gradual slope land with a slope of 15-20 degrees, sandy loam is selected, slightly acidic soil with a pH value larger than 6.0 is selected for planting in the south, slightly alkaline soil with a pH value smaller than 8.5 is selected for planting in the north, and previous crops should be avoided to be roots such as sweet potatoes or vegetables and fruits;
step three, fertilizing and soil preparation
Firstly, deeply ploughing soil to ensure that the ploughing is below 40 centimeters; then applying 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, uniformly throwing, harrowing, leveling and finely harrowing; making ridges, wherein the ridges are made in the direction perpendicular to the contour lines, so that water can be drained in the future conveniently, and the ridge distance is 45 cm;
fourthly, pruning and processing the seedlings
The main root of the optimized peony seedling is cut off at a position 15 to 20 centimeters away from the ground surface by using a pair of pruning shears, the area of a cut perpendicular to the main root is small and flat as much as possible so as to reduce the possibility of invasion of a disease source, and the side root is fixed as much as possible but is cut off when being damaged. And (3) carrying out root dipping treatment on the trimmed seedlings, preparing liquid medicine by using 1000ml of naphthalene acetic acid, carbendazim and boric acid water of 1500mg, sinking 20 cut seedlings into the liquid medicine for 10 minutes, fishing out and draining water.
Step five, planting the nursery stock
Digging pits on the finished ridges according to the column pitch of 30 cm, wherein the depth of each pit is 20 cm, the diameter of each pit is 20-25 cm, and about 5000 plants can be planted in each mu. The seedlings are directly inserted into the center of the pit by taking the main rod, so that the lateral roots are tiled at the bottom of the pit, and the soil is filled until the original ground surface of the seedlings is buried for 2-3 centimeters and the seedlings cannot be lifted upwards, thereby being beneficial to promoting the root systems to be distributed in the shallow soil layer, improving the recovery ratio of the root systems in the future and further improving the yield. The north planting time is generally selected from late 9 months or late 10 months, the soil temperature is suitable for the formation and growth of new roots in the period of time, the soil needs to have better soil moisture during planting, otherwise, water needs to be filled in advance, water does not need to be filled in half a month after planting, water is filled in the half a month later according to the situation, and water is not filled in the half a month after planting, which is different from the general situation. Immediately after planting, the overground part of the seedling branches are cut off and only kept for 3 centimeters, and then the seedlings are earthed up to cover the stubble openings.
Step six, production management technology
The peony sprouts out in 3 months in the next year, if the soil moisture content is good in the last year, watering is not carried out in the period of time, at the moment, watering is carried out in time if the soil is moderately arid, the peony starts to enter the vigorous growth period in the period of time, watering and fertilizing are carried out in time, and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to each mu. Until the leaves of the peony are completely unfolded at the bottom of 4 months, the peony enters a nutrient accumulation period, the photosynthesis of the peony is at a higher level, the demand for water and nutrients is vigorous, the soil is ensured not to be lack of water, the leaf surface topdressing is carried out on leaner plots in time, the photosynthesis efficiency of the peony is obviously reduced until the middle 6 th month, and watering is not needed as long as the soil is not dry to cause the wilting of the leaves of the peony. In the middle and last ten days of 9 months, the soil moisture content needs to be paid attention again, and at this time, the root system of the peony starts to grow and develop in a new round, so that the yield in the future is determined. And performing secondary topdressing in one year, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3:2:1, applying 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and applying 100 grams of boric acid per mu for the fertilization.
Pruning is a key ring for obtaining high yield of the cortex moutan, and is carried out from the beginning of field planting and in the second spring, namely only 1-2 thick branches are reserved after germination in the spring of the third year after field planting, and redundant branches are wiped off from the base; in the third year, the peony enters the flowering age, buds grow rapidly after germination in early spring, and the buds are pinched off from the bases of the buds when the buds grow to the round peach period, so that nutrition waste caused by flowering can be avoided, rapid accumulation of nutrition is promoted, but the buds cannot be pinched too early, and the bud pinching too early can influence the leaf area index, thereby influencing photosynthesis and nutrition accumulation; in the autumn, the peony also enters the deciduous period, autumn shearing is started, wherein the upper branches of the autumn shearing are mainly sheared at the position 2 centimeters above the plump buds selected from the branches growing in the current year, and meanwhile, the weak and overlapped branches are sheared together to promote vigorous growth in the next year. Spring and autumn scissoring like the third year is carried out every year later until harvest.
Seventhly, harvesting the root bark of peony
The method comprises the following steps of (1) digging the peony barks after the peony leaves fall in autumn of the sixth year, cutting overground part branches firstly during digging, then digging out the root system completely, avoiding damaging the fleshy part of the root system as much as possible, cutting off diseased roots, rotten parts and parts with nematodes by using scissors for the dug-out root system, roughly grading according to the thickness, and scraping off the epidermis by using a sharp edge when the moisture content is high when the peony barks are just dug out; and after the dug fresh peony roots are placed in a shade place for one or two days, when the fleshy roots and the skins of the roots are not easy to break, the wood cores are timely taken out, and the fresh peony roots are continuously dried and sold or stored.
Claims (3)
1. The high-yield cultivation method of the cortex moutan is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, seedling selection
Selecting two-year-old Paeonia ostii seedlings, wherein the ground diameter is required to be larger than 10mm, the root bark is white, tender and slightly yellowish brown, the seedlings are clean, have no wound and have no dark spots, and more lateral roots are arranged within 10 centimeters away from the ground surface;
step two, selecting production land parcel
The production land should be selected in a mountain area with an altitude of about 500 meters, the surrounding vegetation is good, the air is humid, the soil drainage is good, the underground water level is lower, the slope is in a sunny and gradual slope land with a slope of 15-20 degrees, sandy loam is selected, slightly acidic soil with a pH value larger than 6.0 is selected for planting in the south, slightly alkaline soil with a pH value smaller than 8.5 is selected for planting in the north, and previous crops should be avoided to be roots such as sweet potatoes or vegetables and fruits;
step three, fertilizing and soil preparation
Firstly, deeply ploughing soil to ensure that the ploughing is below 40 centimeters; then applying 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, uniformly throwing, harrowing, leveling and finely harrowing; ridging needs to be carried out along the direction vertical to the contour line, so that water can be drained in the future conveniently, and the ridge distance is 45 cm;
fourthly, pruning and processing the seedlings
Cutting off the main root of the optimized peony seedling at a distance of 15-20 centimeters from the ground surface by using a pair of pruning shears, wherein the area of a cutting opening vertical to the main root is required to be as small and flat as possible so as to reduce the invasion chance of a disease source, the side root is not moved as much as possible, but the damaged side root is cut off, and the cut seedling is dipped in the root;
step five, planting the nursery stock
Digging pits on the prepared ridges according to the plant spacing of 30 cm, wherein the pit depth is 20 cm, the pit diameter is 20-25 cm, and about 5000 plants can be planted in each mu; directly inserting the seedlings into the center of the pit by taking the main rod with hands so that the lateral roots are tiled at the bottom of the pit, filling soil until the original ground surface of the seedlings is buried for 2-3 centimeters, and treading tightly, wherein the seedlings cannot be lifted upwards; the north of the field planting time is generally selected from late 9 months or late 10 months, the soil should be ensured to have better soil moisture during field planting, otherwise, water is needed to be filled in advance, watering is not needed in half a month after field planting, watering is carried out according to the situation, watering is not needed when drought does not exist, and branches on the ground of the seedlings are cut off immediately after field planting, and only 3 centimeters are reserved and earthed to cover stubble openings;
step six, production management technology
S1, fertilization management
In 3 months of the first year, the peony sprouts and emerges from the soil, the peony starts to enter the vigorous growth period of the peony, watering and fertilizing are carried out in time, and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu; fully unfolding the leaves of the peony at the bottom of 4 months, and when the peony enters a nutrient accumulation period, not only ensuring that the soil is not lack of water, but also timely carrying out foliage dressing on leaner plots until the photosynthesis efficiency of the peony is obviously reduced in the middle of 6 months, and not needing watering as long as the soil is not dry to cause the wilting of the leaves of the peony; in the middle and last ten days of 9 months every year, the soil moisture content is paid attention again, secondary topdressing is carried out in one year, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3:2:1, applying 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and applying 100 grams of boric acid per mu in the fertilization;
s2, pruning
Pruning is a key ring for obtaining high yield of the cortex moutan, and is carried out in the second spring from the beginning of field planting, namely only 1-2 thick branches are reserved after germination in the spring of the third year after field planting, and redundant branches are wiped off from the base; in the third year, the peony enters the flowering age, the bud grows rapidly after sprouting in early spring, and the bud is pinched off from the base of the bud when the bud grows to the round peach period; in October, beginning autumn shearing when peony enters a defoliation period, shearing upper branches at a position 2 centimeters above the plump buds selected from branches growing in the current year, and shearing weak and overlapped branches together to promote vigorous growth in the next year; spring shearing and autumn shearing are carried out every year until harvesting, wherein the spring shearing and the autumn shearing are the same as the third year;
seventhly, harvesting the root bark of peony
The method comprises the following steps of (1) digging the peony barks after the peony leaves fall in autumn of the sixth year, cutting overground part branches firstly during digging, then digging out the root system completely, avoiding damaging the fleshy part of the root system as much as possible, cutting off diseased roots, rotten parts and parts with nematodes by using scissors for the dug-out root system, roughly grading according to the thickness, and scraping off the epidermis by using a sharp edge when the moisture content is high when the peony barks are just dug out; and after the dug fresh peony roots are placed in a shade place for one or two days, when the fleshy roots and the skins of the roots are not easy to break, the wood cores are timely taken out, and the fresh peony roots are continuously dried and sold or stored.
2. The high-yield cultivation method for cortex moutan according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the root dipping treatment liquid medicine is as follows: 200mg of naphthylacetic acid, 2000mg of carbendazim, 60mg of boric acid and 1000ml of water, 20 trimmed seedlings are bundled, soaked in the liquid medicine for 2-3 seconds, taken out and aired until no running water exists.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of cortex moutan according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the root dipping treatment uses the proportion of 80mg of naphthylacetic acid, 1500mg of carbendazim and 1000ml of 40 boric acid water to prepare a liquid medicine, 20 cut seedlings are immersed into the liquid medicine for 10 minutes in a bundle, and the seedlings are fished out and drained.
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