CN1142776A - 水蛭素与亲脂化合物的水蛭素结合物 - Google Patents
水蛭素与亲脂化合物的水蛭素结合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1142776A CN1142776A CN94194897A CN94194897A CN1142776A CN 1142776 A CN1142776 A CN 1142776A CN 94194897 A CN94194897 A CN 94194897A CN 94194897 A CN94194897 A CN 94194897A CN 1142776 A CN1142776 A CN 1142776A
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- Prior art keywords
- hirudin
- acid
- lipophilic
- compounds
- mixture
- Prior art date
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- 229940006607 hirudin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- WQPDUTSPKFMPDP-OUMQNGNKSA-N hirudin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(OS(O)(=O)=O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N2)=O)CSSC1)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)CSSC1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WQPDUTSPKFMPDP-OUMQNGNKSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 108010007267 Hirudins Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 12
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
本发明涉及由水蛭素和一种或多种亲脂化合物形成的水蛭素结合物,其中,所述亲脂化合物的辛醇/水分配系数大于1.8,而且与水蛭素化学相连,并涉及其制备和其应用。
Description
本发明涉及由水蛭素和亲脂化合物形成的新水蛭素结合物,其制备方法及其作为药物的应用。
水蛭素是一种已经知道了很长时间的而且具有抗凝血特性的天然产生的蛋白质。它是到目前为止已知的最强的和最有选择性的凝血酶抑制剂(Naturwissenschaften,42,537,(1955);Hoppe-Seylers Z.für Biol.Chemie 366,379,(1985))。天然水蛭素是具有分子量为6,900-7,000道尔顿,64-66个氨基酸的化学性质类似的肽的混合物。迄今为止,已经描述了约20种天然存在水蛭素变异体(Scharf et al.FEBS-Letters 255,105-110,(1989))。
EP 345616描述了由与聚合物载体相连的水蛭素组成的产物。所提及的载体是可溶的和不可溶的聚合物,例如葡聚糖,琼脂糖(凝胶),肝素,果聚糖和明胶部分水解产物。据认为载体-修饰的水蛭素具有改善的药物学特性,例如较长的半衰期。
DE 40 14 260描述了水蛭素/聚乙二醇结合物,与天然水蛭素相比,所述结合物具有更好的药物学作用图谱,例如延长的生物活性和较好的生物获得性。
上述两个公开的专利申请均描述了通过用高分子量聚合物修饰水蛭素而得到具有延长活性的水蛭素衍生物。在这些情况下,所述聚合物的分子量达数千道尔顿,以致于多肽水蛭素的分子量显著增加。然而,这些类型的高分子量聚合物是化学特性上未精确限定的;相反它们含有在一定分子量范围内的各种分子群。因此,由其制备的水蛭素结合产物不是由单一化合物组成的,相反它们由分子量彼此不同的分子群组成。
但是,按要求来说作为药物的活性物质在化学上应是尽可能精确地定义的,以便在体内可以更好地控制其行为。
本发明的目的之一是提供具有好于正常水蛭素的药物学特性的水蛭素衍生物,而且所述衍生物克服了用高分子量聚合物修饰的水蛭素的上述缺陷。
我们已经发现,通过由水蛭素和一个或多个亲脂化合物形成的水蛭素结合物可达到该目的,其中所述亲脂化合物的辛醇/水分配系数大于1.8,而且与水蛭素共价相连。
根据本发明适用于水蛭素结合物的是所有天然产生的水蛭素以及由其得到的变异体,称为水蛭素突变蛋白,以及具有凝血酶抑制作用的片段。
在例如EP 171 024,EP 158 986,DE 38 055 406,WO 92/1712,GB 2 247 239,EP557 199,WO 92/5748,DE 40 14 260中公开了这些类型的水蛭素及其制备方法。
很适于制备本发明水蛭素结合物的是从水蛭素的结构衍生的并具有如EP 333356中所述的水蛭素活性的肽或肽衍生物。
优选使用的水蛭素是其中与亲脂化合物的键合不会导致活性丧失的那些水蛭素。这样的情况例如,在经氨基酸27-37的侧链发生键合的水蛭素情况。特别有利于键合的是氨基酸位置27和33(以天然水蛭素HVI为基础),原因在于这些化合物位于手指样区的顶端,而且不会影响水蛭素与凝血酶之间的相互作用。
亲脂化合物的键合(带有亲脂化合物的适当的间隔基)可发生在水蛭素的氨基上,例如游离N-末端氨基,赖氨酸侧链的氨基,组氨酸的氨基,精氨酸的酰胺基或水蛭素的羟基,例如酪氨酸,丝氨酸或苏氨酸侧链的羟基。
赖氨酸侧链的氨基特别适于亲脂化合物的键合。
另外通过硝化作用和还原作用可以将亲脂化合物与水蛭素的修饰的酪氨酸相连(Meth.Ebzymol.25,515-521,(1972))。还可以通过熟知的偶联方法将亲脂化合物与形成的芳基氨基酪氨酸相连。
适宜的亲脂化合物是有一个或多个官能基团,例如氨基,羟基,羧基或磺基,而且辛醇/水分配系数大于1.8的化合物。
亲脂化合物可以是天然物质,例如饱和的或不饱和的脂肪酸,萜烯,前列腺素,脂溶性维生素,类胡萝卜素或类固醇,以及带一个或多个烷基,芳基,链烯基的合成的羧酸,醇,胺和磺酸,或可以是线性或支化的并且可以由卤素,硝基,氰基,烷氧基,烷硫基或卤代烷基取代的聚不饱和化合物。
亲脂化合物的实例是饱和的脂肪酸己酸,辛酸,癸酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸,花生酸和山萮酸,以及不饱和脂肪酸,棕榈油酸,油酸,亚油酸、亚麻酸,蓖麻油酸,十八碳四烯酸,二十碳烯酸,二十碳二烯酸,花生四烯酸,二十碳五烯酸或芥酸及从其可得到的脂肪醇和脂肪胺。
还可以使用在天然脂类,例如椰子脂,棕榈坚果油,菜油,橄榄油,葵花油,高油的葵花油,蓖麻油或牛油的皂化基础上得到的脂肪酸混合物。
亲脂化合物的其他实例是类胡萝卜素,玉米黄质,紫菌红醇或虾青素,甾族化合物胆甾醇,链甾醇,,类甾醇,脑甾醇,7-烯胆烷醇,麦角甾醇,容甾醇,豆甾醇,胆甾酸,胆酸,脱氢皮质甾醇,醛甾酮,雄甾酮,睾甾酮,速甾醇,羊毛甾烯醇或光甾醇,萜烯类,季叶醇,橙花醇,里哪醇,薄荷醇,香芹醇,冰片,法呢醇,橙花叔醇或硬尾醇,前列腺素类布雷菲得菌素,PGE2或PGF2,维生素A1或D以及合成的化合物,例如,羰基合成醇,己胺,乙基己酸,乙基己醇,乙基己胺或烷基苯磺酸。
其中
R1和R2分别各自独立地是
(CH2)m-C(R3)(R4)-(CH2)n-(CH=CH-CH2)o-CH3,
m 是0-28,
n 是3-6,
o 是0-6,
R3和R4分别各自独立地是,H,C1-6-烷基,C3-6-环烷基,芳基或苄基,未取代的或由卤素,硝基,氰基,烷基,烷氧基,烷硫基或卤代烷基取代的。
式I特别优选的化合物是其中R1和R2含有4-16个碳原子,而且饱和的或单,二或三不饱和的化合物。
进一步适宜的亲脂化合物是具有通式II的化合物
H-Y-R1 II
其中
R1 是(CH2)m-C(R3)(R4)-(CH2)n-(CH=CH-CH2)o-CH3,
Y 是-C(O)-,-N(R5)-,-O-其中
R5 是H,C1-18-烷基,C3-18-链烯基,C3-6-环烷基,芳基或苄基,未取代的或由卤素,硝基,氰基,烷基,烷氧基,烷硫基或卤代烷基取代的。
将水蛭素直接或经间隔基与一个或多个亲脂化合物相连制备本发明的水蛭素结合物。
适宜的间隔基是所有二或多官能团分子,利用它们的多官能团,可以键合(经过或未经过预先的活化)水蛭素和亲脂化合物。
特别适宜的间隔基是氨基酸,寡肽,单-,二-或寡糖,氨基或羟基羧酸,特别是链长为2-10个碳原子的那些,它们还可以有取代基以提高亲水性,例如C1-C4-低聚亚烷基二醇。
可用于连接亲脂化合物和水蛭素的间隔基的实例是:
-X-CO-,
-X-CO-NH-Z-NH-CO-,
-X-CO-CH2-CH2-CO-,
其中,X是S,O,NH,N(CH3)或N(C2H5)
W是H,OH,或Cl
Z是C2-C6-亚烷基或对-亚苯基
必需使用间隔基以便在与表面,如细胞膜或合成表面结合后能够保持水蛭素结合物的生物活性。
适用于本发明水蛭素结合物的亲脂化合物是所有有一个或多个官能团,例如氨基,羟基,羧基,或磺基的那些化合物,因为这些官能团在活化后能够与水蛭素中的反应基团反应。
亲脂化合物活化的方式(若需要经间隔基进行键合)取决于官能团,而且可以用本领域专业人员熟知的方法完成。
如果亲脂化合物或带有亲脂化合物的间隔基有羧基,则可以通过例如转化成链烯基酯,芳基酯,O-半缩醛,O-酰基半氨基缩醛,O-酰基半缩酮,O-酰基半氨基缩酮,O-酰基内酰亚胺,对称的或不对称的羧酸酐,羧酸氨基甲酸酐,O-酰基异酰脲(O-acylisoureide),O-酰基-N-烷基羟胺,O-酰基异羟肟酸,O-酰基-N,N-二酰基羟胺,O-酰基肟,O-酰基-N-偶氮-N-酰基羟胺,O-酰基-N-偶氮-N-芳基羟胺,羧酸亚硫酐,羧酸硫酐,羧酸亚磷酐,羧酸磷酐,酰氧鏻化合物,羧酸磷酰胺酐,碳酰氟或碳酰氯进行活化(参见,Muller,Houben-weyl,″Methoden der organischen Chemie″,vol.15/1 und 15/2,Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart(1974)或Bodanszky,Klausner,Ondetti,″Peptide Synthesis″,P85-128,John Wiley and Sons,New York,1976或肽化学的其他著作)。
特别适宜的反应基是碳酰氯,对称的酐,未取代的或由1,2,3或5个卤素或硝基取代的芳基酯,或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,N-羟基苯邻二甲酰亚胺酯或N-羟基苯并三唑酯。
可以相似的方法活化磺基。
如果在亲脂化合物中的官能团是氨基或羟基,则优选的是经一间隔基将亲脂化合物与水蛭素键合,所述间隔基含有作为第二官能团的羧基或磺基而且可以用上述用于与水蛭素结合的方法将其激活。
很适宜的亲脂化合物还有烷基双烯酮,所述烷基双烯酮不经激活可直接与水蛭素相连。
优选使用的烷基双烯酮(Alkyldiketenes)是通式为III的化合物
其中,
R1和R2分别各自独立地是
(CH2)m-C(R3)(R4)-(CH2)n-(CH=CH-CH2)o-CH3,
m 是0-28,
n 是3-6,
o 是0-6,
R3和R4分别各自独立地是,H,C1-6-烷基,C3-6-环烷基,芳基或苄基,未取代的或由卤素,硝基,氰基,烷基,烷氧基,烷硫基或卤代烷基取代的。
通式III特别优选的化合物是例如在DE 2927118中描述的脂肪烷基双烯酮,它们得自饱和的脂肪酸,己酸,辛酸,癸酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸,花生酸和山萮酸,以及不饱和脂肪酸,棕榈油酸,油酸,亚麻酸,蓖麻油酸,十八碳四烯酸,二十碳烯酸,二十碳二烯酸,花生四烯酸,二十碳五烯酸或芥酸。
还可以使用在天然脂类,例如椰子脂,棕榈坚果油,菜油,橄榄油,葵花油,高油的葵花油,蓖麻油或牛油的皂化基础上得到的脂肪酸混合物。
本发明水蛭素结合物是有精确化学定义的,而且具有比水蛭素更好的药物学作用图谱。特别是它们具有相当长的生物学活性和更好的生物可获得性。此外,疏水的水蛭素可以将化学物质定位在血液细胞和血管的表面。
由于这些特性,使得本发明的水蛭素结合物具有药物价值,用于治疗和预防凝血酶-依赖性血栓栓塞疾病,例如深层静脉的血栓形成,肺栓塞,心肌梗塞和脑梗塞和不稳定的绞痛,并用于治疗散布的血管内凝固(DIC),还可以与溶解血栓剂(thrombolytics)一起用作药物进行治疗以缩短再灌注的时间并延长再闭塞的时间,所述的解血栓剂例如链激酶,尿激酶,尿激酶原,t-PA,APSAC,来自动物唾液腺的血纤维蛋白溶酶原活化因子以及所有这些物质的重组和成熟形式。
使用另一种脲预防PTCA后的凝血酶-依赖性早期再闭塞和再狭窄,预防凝血酶诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖,预防在ZNS(例如在老年性痴呆)中活性凝血酶的积累,控制肿瘤并预防导致肿瘤细胞粘附和转移。
可以以常规的固体或液体药物形式,例如溶液,软膏,乳液或喷雾剂使用所述新化合物。可以用常规方法生产这些形式。为了达到该目的,可以将所述的活性物质与常规的药物附剂例如填充剂,防腐剂,流量调节剂,润湿剂,分散剂,乳化剂,溶剂和/或挥发气体一起加工(参见,H.Sucker et al:Pharmazeutischetechnologie,Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart,1978)。
疏水特性还可以使所述新水蛭素衍生物跨皮施用,特别是与穿透促进剂如二甲亚砜,醇或azones结合施用或经离子电泳施用。
剂量取决于患者的年龄和体重以及施用的方式。作为标准,根据施用的形式和说明,活性物质的日剂量为约20-40,000ATU/kg体重。
在血管替换或心-肺装置中,还可以成功地将水蛭素结合物用于人工表面,如半透膜和必要的管状系统的抗凝血酶原包被。
下列实施例将进一步描述本发明。
实施例1
辛基双烯酮(octyldiketene)
于50-60℃,将400.1g N,N-二甲基环己基胺溶解在2升甲苯中,然后在此温度,在2.5小时内逐滴加入487.5g辛酰氯。然后将混合物在50-60℃搅拌2小时,然后冷却到室温。
用冰冷的1N硫酸,水和饱和的氯化钠溶液洗涤所述反应混合物,在硫酸镁上干燥有机相。经分馏纯化粗产物。主要的级分含有317.3g在0.3mbar,135℃下沸腾的无色液体。GC分析表明所述产物含有97%的辛基双烯酮。IR-,1H-和13C-NMR谱与推测结构的一致。
实施例2
辛基双烯酮与水蛭素的结合
所用的水蛭素是不同于天然水蛭素HV1的水蛭素突变蛋白,带有下列氨基酸交换:位置27:Lys;位置33:Lys;位置36:Arg;位置47:Arg。在DE40 14 260中描述了所述水蛭素突变蛋白的制备。
将20mg水蛭素突变蛋白溶解在1ml 100mM的硼酸钠缓冲液pH9.0中,加入1ml的正-丙醇和1.5mg的辛基双烯酮,然后在4℃将混合物保温,同时剧烈搅拌。
反应30分钟后,通过用正己烷(1体积/体积)抽提除去未反应的辛基双烯酮。用0.1% TFA/H2O将所得的混合物稀释50倍,然后上样到Hi-Pore 304柱(250×4.6cm,Biorad,No.125-0550)上,用下列梯度展开:
溶液A: 0.1% TFA/H2O
溶液B: 0.1% TFA/乙腈
流速: 1ml/分钟
检测: 216nm
时间(分钟) 组分B(%)
0 0
40 50
40.5 100
45 100
45.5 0
在下列条件下洗脱水蛭素-双烯酮复合物:
%B | |
1双烯酮单位/水蛭素(辛基双烯酮1-水蛭素) | 56% |
2双烯酮单位/水蛭素(辛基双烯酮2-水蛭素) | 60% |
3双烯酮单位/水蛭素(辛基双烯酮3-水蛭素) | 68% |
从结合的混合物中分离的衍生物的比活性为
ATU/mg | |
辛基双烯酮1-水蛭素 | 7,000 |
辛基双烯酮2-水蛭素 | 8,000 |
辛基双烯酮3-水蛭素 | 4,900 |
(通过用产色底物S 2238(Kabi-Pharmacia),FEBS-Lett.(1983)164,307,经UV猝熄(ε摩尔=3148,1/mol·cm;λ=278nm)的凝血酶抑制检测确定的)。
实施例3
己基双烯酮
将272.2g N,N-二甲基环己基胺放在1升甲苯中,共沸2小时除去水。将混合物冷却到50-60℃,逐滴加入269g己酰氯,然后将混合物在55℃搅拌2小时。
用1N硫酸,水和饱和的盐水洗涤所述混合物,在硫酸镁上干燥有机相。经分馏纯化粗产物。主要的级分含有172.8g在0.15mbar下,95-100℃临界温度沸腾的无色液体。GC分析表明所述产物含有98%的己基双烯酮。IR-,1H-和13C-NMR谱与推测结构的一致。
实施例4
己基双烯酮与水蛭素的结合
按实施例2中所述,将己基双烯酮与水蛭素结合。将20mg水蛭素突变蛋白溶解在2ml 50%正-丙醇,50mM碳酸钠,pH9.5中,进行反应。停止后(见实施例2)在RP 304 HPLC柱(Biorad No.125-0550)上用下列梯度分离产物混合物:
溶剂A: 5mM乙酸铵pH6.5
溶剂B: 甲醇
流速: 1ml/分钟
检测: 216nm
时间(分钟) 组分B%
0 0
5 30
30 70
30.1 100
35.0 100
35.1 0
结合物己基双烯酮1-水蛭素,己基双烯酮2-水蛭素和己基双烯酮3-水蛭素洗脱在42.5,44和50%的溶剂B中。按实施例2中所述确定比活性,己基双烯酮3-水蛭素的比活性为5,700ATU/mg。
实施例5
葵花脂肪酰氯
将70.5g来自油酸含量为89%和酸度数219的高油葵花油的葵花脂肪酸溶解在250ml甲苯中,加热到40℃。在此温度,逐滴加入41.2g草酰氯,然后将混合物搅拌2小时。
于60℃减压蒸馏除去溶剂。得到75克氯数(Chloride number)为12.0黄油状的葵花脂肪酰氯。
实施例6
来自葵花脂肪酰氯的烷基双烯酮(sunnyldiketene)
将65克氯数为12.0的葵花脂肪酰氯放在400ml甲苯中,加热到50℃。在此温度,在25分钟的时间内逐滴加入33.7克N,N-二甲基环己基胺。将混合物在50℃保持2小时,然后冷却到室温。
通过减压过滤除去固体,然后用1M硫酸,饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液和饱和的氯化钠溶液洗涤有机相。在硫酸镁上干燥有机相,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂。残留物含有51.8g淡黄色油状液体,根据1H和13C-NMR,表明含有95%的烷基双烯酮。
实施例7
制备sunnyldiketene-水蛭素
将20mg水蛭素突变蛋白(如实施例2所述)溶解在2ml 50%正丙醇,50mM碳酸钾缓冲液,pH9.5中,加入8.5mg sunnyldiketene,然后将混合物在20℃保温同时剧烈搅拌60分钟。反应时间终止后,用正己烷(1体积/体积)抽提过量的乙烯酮。将产物上样到RP 304 HPLC柱(Biorad No.125-0550;250×4.6cm)上进行分离,用下列梯度洗脱该柱:
溶剂A: 5mM乙酸铵pH6.5
溶剂B: 甲醇
流速: 1ml/分钟
检测: 216nm
时间(分钟) 组分B(%)
0 0
5 70
30 95
30.1 100
35.0 100
35.1 0
在77%,80%和90%甲醇中洗脱了所述Sunnyldiketen-水蛭素-结合物Sunnyl1-水蛭素,Sunnyl2-水蛭素和Sunnyl3-水蛭素。
根据实施例2描述检测和计算比活性
对于Sunnyl1-水蛭素为7700ATU/mg
对于Sunnyl2-水蛭素为7100ATU/mg
对于Sunnyl3-水蛭素为6100ATU/mg
实施例8
棕榈酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯与水蛭素的反应
将20mg的水蛭素突变蛋白(如实施例2所述)溶于1ml 100mM碳酸钠pH9.5中并加入1ml溶于1,4-二噁烷中的1.5mg棕榈酸-N-羟基-琥珀酰亚胺酯(Sigma)的溶液,并在20℃,搅拌条件下发生反应。在反应4小时之后,通过加入5倍摩尔过量的丁胺来终止水蛭素的反应(室温下1小时)。
随后在RP-304 HPLC柱(Biorad 125-0550)上用下列梯度分离产物混合物:
溶剂A: 50mM乙酸铵pH6.5
溶剂B: 100%甲醇
流速: 1ml/分钟
检测: 216nm
时间(分钟) 组分B(%)
0 0
5 40
30 90
30.1 100
35 100
35.1 0
棕榈酸1-水蛭素在57%,棕榈酸2-水蛭素在62%,棕榈酸3-水蛭素在76%溶剂B洗脱出。
实施例9
油酸-水蛭素的制备
将2克油酸酐溶解在4ml二噁烷中,加入460mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,在室温将混合物搅拌2小时。将200μl活化油酸的所述溶液与20ml正丙醇和20ml溶于0.1M碳酸钠或硼酸钠(pH9)中的水蛭素溶液(20mg/ml)混合,在室温保温4小时。通过加入乙醇胺(以油酸为基础2倍摩尔过量)来停止反应。
用40ml 20mM磷酸钠缓冲液pH7.0,3.5MNaCl(溶剂A)稀释2ml偶联的混合物,然后上样到TSK-丁基柱(1cm×28cm,vol:22ml,上样2mg/ml凝胶),用6个柱体积(SV)的溶剂A以2ml/分的流速洗涤所述柱,用系列梯度展开(溶剂B:20mM磷酸钠pH7.0):
1 2.5SV 70% B
2 2.5SV 80% B
3 2.5SV 90% B
4 2.5SV 100% B
5 2.5SV 在B中的30%甲醇
6 2.5SV 在B中的40%甲醇
在100% B(油酸1-水蛭素和油酸2-水蛭素)和30%甲醇(油酸3-水蛭素)洗脱了该水蛭素衍生物。油酸1-水蛭素的比活性为11,000U/mg,油酸2-水蛭素的比活性为6,200U/mg,油酸3-水蛭素的比活性为6,600U/mg。
实施例10
胆甾醇-水蛭素的制备
将1ml水蛭素溶液(溶于0.1M碳酸钠或硼酸钠,pH9.5中的20mg/ml)与溶于1.2ml THF中3.2mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化的胆甾醇溶液混合,在室温保温4小时。加入乙醇胺(以胆甾醇为基础2倍摩尔过量)终止反应,将pH调到7.0。
用8ml乙酸胺溶液(2mM,pH6.0,溶剂A)稀释2ml的偶联混合物,以2.5ml/分的流速上样到HiPore BioRad RP304柱(10×250mm),用下列梯度展开:
分钟 % B
0 0
10 40
60 90
在38分钟洗脱了胆甾醇-水蛭素。所述衍生物的比活性为16,000U/mg。
按如下制备活化的胆甾醇:
将在40ml吡啶中的15.0g 2 β-胆甾醇和5.2g琥珀酸酐加热回流22小时,然后放在250ml MTBE中。用200ml 1N盐酸,200ml水和200ml饱和的氯化钠溶液抽提有机相,与硫酸镁和活性炭一起搅拌。减压从过滤物中除去溶剂,得到18.1g琥珀酸-胆甾-5-烯-3β-基酯。
将1.94g该酯和0.55gN-羟基琥珀酰亚胺于4℃放在12ml二氯甲烷中,加入1.01g的N,N-二环己基碳化二亚胺。将混合物加热到室温,然后搅拌过夜,滤掉固体。在80克的硅胶(二氯甲烷+乙酸乙酯=2+1)上层析存在于有机相中的粗产物,以得到1.7克用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-(3-(胆甾-5-烯-3β-基氧羰基)-丙酰氧基)-琥珀酰亚胺)活化的胆甾醇。
实施例11
法呢基水蛭素的制备
用5.5ml正丙醇,稀释5.6ml水蛭素溶液(溶于0.1M碳酸钠,pH9.0中的21mg/ml),加入32mg法呢基醇-对硝基苯基碳酸酯,在室温将混合物保温同时搅拌12小时。用150ml 2MNaCl,20mM磷酸钠,pH7稀释所述混合物,然后上样到叔丁基柱(上样2mg蛋白质/ml凝胶,柱高25cm)。随后用2.2倍柱体积的负载缓冲液洗涤该柱,然后用2M NaCl,20mM磷酸钠,pH7到20mM磷酸钠,pH7(25柱体积)的线性梯度展开。在20mM磷酸钠梯度结束时洗脱了法呢基水蛭素。按实施例2方法测出的比活性为11300U/mg。
按如下制备法呢基醇-对硝基苯基碳酸酯:
将1.40g法呢基醇和1.0lg二氮杂[2.2.2]二环辛烷溶解在20ml二氯甲烷中,在15分钟的过程中逐滴加入溶于10ml二氯甲烷中的3.63g的对-硝基苯基氯甲酸酯。将混合物搅拌1.5小时,减压除去溶剂,在150克的硅胶(己烷+乙酸乙酯=20+1)中层析粗产物以得到2.2克法呢基醇对硝基苯基碳酸酯。
实施例12
硬脂酸-水蛭素的制备
将0.5g硬脂酰氯溶解在2ml 1,4-二噁烷中并加入0.29g N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺以及0.1ml三乙胺,将混合物在室温搅拌3小时。将1ml水加到混合物中,通过加入碱将pH调到5。将60μl琥珀酰亚胺活化的硬脂酸溶液与2.5ml水蛭素溶液(溶于0.1M碳酸钠pH9中21mg/ml)和2.5ml二噁烷混合,将混合物在室温保温12小时。然后经制备RP-HPLC(见实施例2)纯化反应混合物。在48% B,54% B,62% B和74% B洗脱了衍生物。其比活性分别为9600U/mg,12400U/mg,12800U/mg,840U/mg。
实施例13
Lutensol TO3-水蛭素的制备
用0.5ml四氢呋喃稀释0.5ml水蛭素溶液(在0.1M碳酸钠或硼酸钠pH9中21mg/ml),加入1.2mg Lutensol TO3-羟基琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯(实施例12),在室温将混合物保温并搅拌12小时。通过加入乙醇胺(以活化的Lutensol为基础2倍摩尔过量)终止反应,按实施例10所述经层析分级分离。在45% B洗脱了水蛭素-Lutensol衍生物(衍生物1为11,300U/mg,对于衍生物2为9700U/mg和衍生物3为440U/mg)。
按如下制备起始材料;
在0℃ 100ml甲苯中冷凝20克光气,在10分钟内逐滴加入溶于50ml甲苯中的34.0g Lutensol TO3(OH数=l65)。将混合物加热到室温,在35℃油泵真空下除去溶剂,得到40.3g Lutensol TO3的氯代碳酸酯。
将1.2g N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和1.0g三乙胺溶解在20ml二氯甲烷中并在5分钟内逐滴加入溶在10ml二氯甲烷中的3.92g Lutensol TO3的氯代碳酸酯。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,减压除去溶剂,将残留物放在乙酸乙酯中。分离掉剩余的固体,减压除去过滤物中的溶剂,得到4.3g Lutensol TO3的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯。
实施例14
辛基双烯酮-苯丙氨酸-水蛭素的制备
用0.5ml四氢呋喃稀释0.5ml水蛭素溶液(溶于0.1M碳酸钠或者硼酸钠pH9中21mg/ml),加入4mg N-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基)苯丙氨酸-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,将混合物在室温保温搅拌12小时。通过加入乙醇胺(以活化的苯丙氨酸为基础2倍摩尔过量)终止反应,按实施例10所述经RP-HPLC分离。在43% B(衍生物1),48% B(衍生物2)和58%(衍生物3)洗脱了水蛭素乙烯酮衍生物。按实施例2所述确定比活性,衍生物l的比活性为930U/mg,衍生物2的为2800u/mg,衍生物3的为135U/mg。
按如下制备起始材料:
将82.5g苯丙氨酸放在500ml pH13.5的水中,在1.25小时内滴加入溶于50ml二氯甲烷中的145.9g辛基双烯酮。将悬浮液剧烈搅拌5小时,加入2.5升水,用浓缩的盐酸将pH调到1。用共2.5升的二氯甲烷抽提水相,在硫酸镁上干燥收集的有机相,真空除去溶剂。在1000ml戊烷中搅拌所得的白色固体,过滤掉固体,在60℃减压干燥,得到190克N-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基)苯丙氨酸。
将N-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基)-苯丙氨酸和0.55gN-羟基琥珀酰亚胺放在10ml二氯甲烷中,在4℃加入1.01g N,N-二环碳化二亚胺。将所得的混合物加热到室温,分离掉固体,在80g硅胶(二氯己烷+己烷=3+l;1%冰乙酸)上层析出在该相中的粗产物。得到2.0g N-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基)苯丙氨酸-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。
实施例15
制备辛基双烯酮-己酸-水蛭素
用1.0ml四氢呋喃稀释1.0ml水蛭素溶液(溶于0.1M碳酸钠或硼酸钠pH9中的21mg/ml),加入7mg N(6-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基氨基)己酰基氧代)-琥珀酰亚胺,将混合物在室温保温搅拌12小时。通过加入乙醇胺(以活化的乙烯酮为基础2倍摩尔过量)终止反应,按实施例10所述经RP-HPLC分级分离。在48% B(衍生物1),52% B(衍生物2)和63% B(衍生物3)洗脱了水蛭素双烯酮衍生物。按实施例2所述确定比活性,衍生物1的比活性为7500U/mg,衍生物2的为3400U/mg,衍生物3的为80U/mg。
按下述方法制备起始材料:
将6.55g的6-氨基己酸溶解在100ml pH9的水中,在20分钟内逐滴加入14.24g辛基双烯酮。将混合物搅拌过夜,用浓缩的盐酸将pH调到1。用100mlMTBE抽提水相,在硫酸镁上干燥有机相,减压除去溶剂。在150ml戊烷中搅拌粗产物,然后将得到的固体过滤掉,在60℃减压干燥,得到5.9克6-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基氨基)己酸。
在4℃,将1.53g所得的产物和0.55gN-羟基琥珀酰亚胺放在10ml二氯甲烷中,加入1.01gN,N-二环己基碳化二亚胺。将混合物加热到室温,搅拌过夜,过滤掉固体。在80g硅胶(乙酸乙酯+己烷=3+5;1%冰乙酸)上层析有机相中的粗产物,得到1.7gN-(6-(2-己基-3-氧代癸酰基氨基)己酰基氧基)-琥珀酰亚胺。
实施例16
在狗和大鼠血浆中抗因子IIa活性的动力学
方法:将水蛭素结合物或安慰剂静脉内施用给麻醉的大鼠或有意识的狗。在限定的时间,获取动物静脉血样,以得到柠檬酸化的血浆。通过使用重组水蛭素的标准曲线,经产色反应确定血浆中水蛭素结合物的游离抗-因子IIa的活性。
在微滴平板中,在每种情况下,均将10μl血浆样品和100μl凝血酶(0.3NIH单位/ml)移取到100μl tris缓冲液(Tris 200mmol/l,NaCl2 5mmol/l,pH8.1)中。1分钟后,加入50μl底物溶液(S-2238,1.34mmol/l)开始反应。经短暂混合之后,在25℃保温,5分钟之后,加入100μl 30%强乙酸终止反应。相对于630nm在405nm测量的样品的衰减与血浆样品中抗-因子IIa活性成反比。在有些情况下,在血浆样品中还测量凝血参数凝血酶原时间(TT)和活化的部分凝血致活酶(thrombo-plastin)时间(APTT)。
结果:
在有大致相同的比活性时,在静脉内给麻醉的大鼠施用1mg/kg亲脂水蛭素衍生物后,与重组水蛭素相比,发现游离抗-因子IIa活性的降低明显地较低(图1)。在狗中,静脉内施用5000抗-凝血酶单位/kg(ATU/kg)血浆双烯酮-水蛭素后,与重组水蛭素相比同样发现明显的高水平和较缓慢的降低(图2)。在静脉内致用1mg/kg法呢基水蛭素后,还观察到游离抗-因子IIa活性降低很慢(图3)。
实施例17
在预先将血小板与亲脂水蛭素衍生物培养后,人和大鼠血液的体内和体外经洗涤的血小板的凝血酶-诱导的聚集
方法:以250xg将新鲜柠檬酸化的血液(9份血液+1份柠檬酸钠0.11mol/l,大鼠8.5+1.5)离心16分钟以得到富含血小板的血浆(PRP,上清液)。用Patscheke等人的方法(Haenostasis 10,14-27,1981)从PRP得到洗涤的血小板浓缩物。这要求开始经330xg离心7分钟,将血小板从PRP中沉淀。如果用水蛭素衍生物处理,则在此时加入200μl溶在洗涤溶液(在30mmol/l磷酸钠,pH6.5中的120mmol/l NaCl,5mmol/l KCl,2mmol/l CaCl2,1mmol/l MgCl2,5mmol/l葡萄糖,2g/l白蛋白,50mg/l腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶)中的衍生物,使衍生物的终浓度为0.215mg/l,然后离心沉淀,在室温培养10分钟。再用所述洗涤溶液进行两个洗涤步骤,将血小板最后重悬在含有120mmol/l NaCl,5mmol/lKCl,1mmol/l CaCl2,0.1mmol/l MgCl2,5mmol/l葡萄糖,0.5g/l白蛋白,50mg/l腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶,1mmol/l磷酸钠,TES/NaOH,pH7.4的检测培养基中。将血小板计数调整到2×105/μl(大鼠8×106/μl)。为了确定血小板聚集,于37℃将218μl血小板浓缩物在aggregometer(PAP-4BioData,Corporation)中培养3分钟,以1000rpm搅拌1分钟,然后再培养1分钟。通过加入2μl凝血酶溶液而开始聚集。从每单位时间测量的样品的透射度的改变来确定血小板的聚集(slope方法)。由于测量的是水蛭素衍生物的相对活性和亲和性,所以将EC50定义为在血小板聚集达到半最大梯度时的以NIH/ml表示的凝血酶浓度。从所述EC50和来自NI=EC50衍生物/EC50对照的未与水蛭素预培养的样品的EC50计算中和指数(NI)。该数值是衍生物特异性的,而且说明必需增加以凝血酶浓缩物为兴奋剂的因子以便再达到与对照相同的聚集(半最大梯度)。
结果:
在将来自不同种的血小板与21.5ug/ml亲脂水蛭素衍生物预培养后,在一些情况下,必需使用对照中所用的倍数的凝血酶浓度以便再达到聚集(图4)。提高免疫可检测的亲脂水蛭素衍生物与血小板的粘附而产生所述的抑制作用。与人血小板的中和指数值达25(表1)。给大鼠施用10mg/kg胆甾基水蛭素24小时后,在体内洗涤的血小板上发现NI仍是5.4(见实施例20,表2)。
表1:在人血小板上所选化合物的中和指数(NI)
物质 | NI |
对照(安慰剂处理的) | 1 |
重组水蛭素 | 1.21 |
硬脂酰水蛭素 | 5.42 |
棕榈酰水蛭素 | 4.71 |
胆甾基水蛭素 | 21.2 |
Lutensol TO3-水蛭素 | 15.1 |
法呢基水蛭素 | 24.3 |
实施例18
在大鼠动静脉分路中的抗凝血作用
方法:在该实验中,在动静脉分路中的一玻璃毛细管作为人工血栓形成的表面,并诱导血栓形成。在保持37℃的载物台上,将麻醉的大鼠(尿烷25%,2×8/g/kg i.p.)背部朝下固定。暴露右颈动脉和颈静脉,植入短聚乙烯导管(Portex,PE 50),用生理NaCl溶液填充,用钳固住。将导管的游离末端与20.0mm长作为血栓形成表面的玻璃毛细管(内直径为1.0mm)相连。经静脉内,皮下,口服或输注施用待测物质。在与待测物质或溶剂(对照)经过了需要的保温时间(5,60或360分钟)后,去掉钳子,打开分路。血液流过分路使得其温度迅速提高,该温度是在玻璃毛细管的中部进行测量。从室温到体温的增加是分路开放的标志,连续记录温度,直到分路闭合,但是不超过30分钟。为了比较不同水蛭素衍生物的活性,将ED15分钟计算为:与对照组相比,增加15分钟闭塞时间的剂量。另外,在分路开放和实验结束时,取血液样品以确定血浆中的抗FIIa活性。
结果:
辛基双烯酮3水蛭素和辛基双烯酮3水蛭素因其延长的作用期间,与重组水蛭素相比,在较低的剂量和在较长的时间内均有抗凝血效用(图5)。
实施例19
在大鼠中对当前诱导的血栓形成的抗凝血作用
方法:在该实验中,在与颈动脉相连的两个电极间通过短暂的电流而造成内皮损伤,由此诱导血管的凝血闭塞。在保持37℃的载物台上,背部朝下固定麻醉(尿烷25%,2×8mg/kg i.p.)的大鼠。暴露20mm长的右颈动脉段,在接近损伤段一半的位置放一超声信号传输时间流测量头。用传输流测量装置(T206,Transonic Systems Inc.,USA)在30分钟的观察期间连续记录体积流量。使稳定的电流(3mA,1分钟)通过一对钩形的电极,所述电极与流量测量头1cm末端的血管表面相连,从而诱导血栓形成。血管闭塞是指在3分钟以上的时间体积为基础的流量<0.3ml/分。水蛭素衍生物的抗凝血活性定量为在10只动物的组中,30分钟内血栓形成的频率。为了比较不同水蛭素衍生物的活性,ED50计算为与对照组相比,血栓形成率降低50%的剂量。在通电前和实验结束时,取另外的血样以确定血浆中的抗FIIa活性。
结果:
在静脉内施用后5分钟,确定棕榈酰基2-水蛭素的ED50为0.24mg/kg。重组水蛭素相应的ED50是0.47mg/kg。甚至在给大鼠静脉内施用胆甾基水蛭素24小时后,由于作用的长期性,仍有体内洗涤血小板聚集的抑制作用和良好的抗凝血活性(表2)。
表2:静脉内施用24小时后,胆甾基水蛭素的抗凝血作用
和血小板聚集的抑制作用(n=9-10)
处理 | 血栓形成频率 % | 在洗涤的血小板中的中和指数 | 血浆抗-FIIa活性[ATU/ml] | TT[s] | APTT[s] |
体外 | - | 18.3±6.1 | |||
安慰剂 | 100 | 1 | 0 | 41±1 | 29±4 |
1.0mg/kg | 50 | 1.5±0.02 | 5.7±0.6 | 267±15 | 30±3 |
10mg/kg | 11 | 5.39±0.74 | 61.0±3.8 | >300 | 52±4 |
Claims (7)
1.由水蛭素和一种或多种亲脂化合物形成的水蛭素结合物,其中,所述亲脂化合物的辛醇/水分配系数大于1.8,而且与水蛭素共价相连。
2.根据权利要求1的水蛭素结合物,其特征在于在氨基酸27-37区域内发生亲脂化合物的键合。
3.根据权利要求1或2的水蛭素结合物,其特征在于经水蛭素中赖氨酸残基的氨基侧链发生水蛭素与亲脂化合物的键合。
4.根据权利要求1到3的任一水蛭素结合物,其特征在于1-3种亲脂化合物与所述水蛭素相连。
5.根据权利要求1-4的任一水蛭素结合物,其特征在于至少一种亲脂化合物与氨基酸27或33相连。
6.权利要求1-5的任一水蛭素结合物在控制疾病的应用。
7.制备水蛭素结合物的方法,其特征在于包括将水蛭素与一个或多摩尔当量的亲脂化合物反应,合适的话,在亲脂化合物经化学活化后进行。
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US5919762A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
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AU679811B2 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
SK67596A3 (en) | 1996-12-04 |
WO1995015183A1 (de) | 1995-06-08 |
SG49156A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
NO962261D0 (no) | 1996-05-31 |
JPH09505810A (ja) | 1997-06-10 |
AU1067095A (en) | 1995-06-19 |
FI962299A (fi) | 1996-05-31 |
EP0730473B1 (de) | 2001-08-29 |
DK0730473T3 (da) | 2001-10-08 |
CA2176967A1 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
NZ276410A (en) | 1997-03-24 |
FI962299A0 (fi) | 1996-05-31 |
DE59409847D1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
HU9601471D0 (en) | 1996-07-29 |
EP0730473A1 (de) | 1996-09-11 |
ES2163487T3 (es) | 2002-02-01 |
HRP940968A2 (en) | 1997-08-31 |
PL314797A1 (en) | 1996-09-30 |
PT730473E (pt) | 2002-02-28 |
BR9408195A (pt) | 1997-08-26 |
NO962261L (no) | 1996-05-31 |
CZ157096A3 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
ZA949562B (en) | 1996-06-03 |
ATE204763T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
IL111811A0 (en) | 1995-01-24 |
DE4437502A1 (de) | 1995-06-08 |
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