CN113692933B

CN113692933B - Method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton

Info

Publication number: CN113692933B
Application number: CN202111119241.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯常辉; 秦鸿德; 张友昌; 王琼珊; 别墅; 张教海; 王孝纲; 夏松波
Original assignee: Institute of Economic Crop of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
Current assignee: Institute of Economic Crop of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
Priority date: 2021-09-24
Filing date: 2021-09-24
Publication date: 2022-09-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-24
Also published as: CN113692933A

Abstract

A method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton comprises the following steps: firstly, variety selection, secondly, cultivation substrate, thirdly, sowing, fourthly, watering, thirdly, plant height control, sixthly, fertilizing, seventhly, temperature control, sixthly, pest and disease prevention, and ninthly, indoor landscape construction, and after the steps are adopted, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton has good ornamental value, and the management and operation required for viewing the crops are simple and easy to implement; the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches can simultaneously present white and red flowers and has high flowering concentration. And the green leaves are arranged, so that the plants show gorgeous postures. The flowering period reaches about 1 month, and after the cotton is mature, the color of cotton flosses is white and glossy. Cotton is an important crop in China, not only adds the land and field interest for urban life, but also can be applied to rural tourism landscape construction, 2, the splicing-free process is used in the indoor micro landscape construction process by utilizing the natural growth form of the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton plant.

Description

Method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop ornamental cultivation, in particular to a method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton.

Background

Cotton belongs to the genus of cotton of the family Malvaceae, and the plant is shrub-shaped. Cotton is one of the crops widely planted in the world, and the most important purpose is to produce natural cotton fiber. The cotton has unlimited growth habit, and the natural growth florescence can last for more than 50 days. The cotton flower is milky white when it is first set, and may show different red petals during its development. The flowers withered leaving a small capsule (boll). After the cotton is mature, white fibers are exposed after the cotton bolls are opened. With the increasing emphasis on ecological environment, urban residents are gradually beginning to admire countryside life, the aesthetics of which are changed, and natural crops become ornamental objects of the urban residents. Therefore, a plurality of crops with excellent ornamental properties are applied to the construction of modern plant landscape. In agricultural production, unlimited fruit branch cotton varieties with high yield are generally used, the fruit branches are long, most of first fruit nodes of the fruit branches can reach more than 15 centimeters in pot culture, flowering is not concentrated enough (flowering time on corresponding nodes on adjacent fruit branches is different by more than 3 days), the number of safflower and white flower presented by a single plant is extremely limited, the ornamental value of the flowers is brought into play in the aspects of color and shape, and the cotton is mainly planted in a piece when being used as an ornamental crop. In recent years, the ornamental value of white cotton batting is applied to the indoor environment art, such as being used as a matching combination material in the flower art, utilizing the natural growth form of plants in the indoor micro landscape construction and the like.

In the prior art, the unlimited fruit branch cotton is generally planted in a sheet mode when being used as ornamental crops, and the occupied area is large. For a single unlimited branch cotton, the density of flowers and cotton bolls is low, and the space waste is large. Although plant type regulation can be achieved by using chemical agents such as mepiquat chloride, the dosage is difficult to control (the dosage must be determined according to the growth condition of plants). Is not beneficial to people who lack the experience of cotton cultivation management (such as most urban population) to carry out ornamental planting. The limited fruit branch cotton plants are compact, the flowering time interval can be shortened by 1 day under the same condition compared with the unlimited fruit branches, and high-quality limited fruit branch cotton plants are potted and are suitable for cultivation in courtyards and balconies, so that the ornamental value is good.

When the cotton is mature and the natural growth form of the plant is utilized to build the indoor micro landscape, a complex process is needed at present. The method saves the splicing process and has very simple operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the technical defects and provide a method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, variety selection: selecting high-quality limited fruit branch cotton which is resistant to blight and verticillium wilt and resistant to cotton bollworms as household ornamental crops;

② culture medium: mixing rice soil and nutrient soil according to a ratio of 1:2 to be used as a culture medium of high-quality limited fruit branch cotton;

thirdly, sowing: sowing high-quality limited fruit branch cotton when the temperature reaches above 14 ℃ in a proper season, and covering soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm;

fourthly, watering: watering thoroughly once immediately after sowing, watering thoroughly once when the upper green leaves show wilting signs before the flower buds grow out, watering thoroughly once every 2 days after the flower buds grow out, raising the temperature to more than 33 ℃, and watering every day;

fifth, plant height control: controlling the height of the plant by pinching off the tender shoots at the top, wherein the height is controlled to be 50-80 cm;

sixthly, fertilizing: the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches needs to be fertilized in the bud period and the flowering period; after the buds of the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton emerge, applying the compound fertilizer once according to 20-25 g/plant, and applying the compound fertilizer once according to 9-12 g/plant after the cotton bolls;

and controlling the temperature: the growth temperature of the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton is controlled to be 14-35 ℃;

and 8, preventing diseases and insect pests: sowing high-quality limited fruit branch cotton by using a delinting and coating technology, spraying methyl cumyl phosphate for 2-3 times within 20 days after emergence of seedlings, and spraying acetamiprid when the air humidity reaches more than 60% and the air temperature is 25-29 ℃;

ninthly, constructing indoor landscape: after the cotton bolls are ripe, loosening the soil and taking out the plants, washing the roots clean, removing withered leaves and the cotton bolls which are cracked and have fibers gathered into a rigid petal shape, cutting the roots of the plants to enable the distance between the cotton bolls at the lowest part of the plants and the bottom end to be 22-27 cm, and hanging or arranging the inserted flowers on a horizontal table top.

After the steps are adopted, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton has good ornamental value, and the management and operation required for viewing the crops are simple and easy to implement; the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches can simultaneously present white and red flowers and has high flowering concentration. And the green leaves are arranged, so that the plants show gorgeous postures. The flowering period reaches about 1 month. After the cotton is ripe, the color of the cotton catkins is white and glossy. Cotton is an important crop in China, not only adds the land and garden interest to urban life, but also can be applied to rural tourism landscape.

2. The splicing-free process is carried out in the process of indoor micro landscape construction by utilizing the natural growth form of the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton plant.

As an improvement, the compound fertilizer in the step (sixthly) is a general compound fertilizer, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the general compound fertilizer is 17 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the milky white color of the flowers of high quality limited-fruited cotton of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing that flowers of high quality cotton with limited fruit branches of the present invention are purple-red.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing that the flowers of the cotton with high quality limited fruit branches are red and white.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing that the flowers of the high quality cotton with limited fruit branches are red and white.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing that the flowers of the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches are red and white.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the length of the first fruit section of the flower and fruit branch of the high quality limited fruit branch cotton of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the first knuckle length of the flower and fruit branches of the quality limited branch cotton of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the finished good quality limited-fruit cotton product of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a finished good limited-fruit cotton product of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the first knuckle length of a branch of an unlimited branch cotton variety of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With reference to the attached drawings 1-10, a method for ornamental cultivation by using cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:

② culture medium: mixing rice soil and nutrient soil according to a ratio of 1:2 to obtain a culture medium for high-quality limited fruit branch cotton;

thirdly, sowing: sowing high-quality limited fruit branch cotton in a proper season when the temperature reaches above 14 ℃, wherein the thickness of covering soil is 1-2 cm;

fourthly, watering: watering thoroughly once immediately after sowing, before the plant grows out a flower bud, watering thoroughly once when the upper green leaves show wilting signs, watering thoroughly once every 2 days generally after the plant grows out the flower bud, raising the temperature to more than 33 ℃, and watering every day;

and controlling the temperature: the growth temperature of the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches is controlled to be 14-35 ℃;

The compound fertilizer in the step (sixthly) is a general compound fertilizer, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the general compound fertilizer is 17 percent.

The first embodiment is as follows:

thirdly, sowing: sowing high-quality limited fruit branch cotton when the lowest temperature reaches over 14 ℃ in 4 months, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1 cm;

fourthly, watering: watering once immediately after sowing, wherein the cotton belongs to drought-enduring crops, in order to promote the root growth of the cotton, before the flower buds grow out of the plants, when the upper green leaves show wilting signs, watering once is needed, after the flower buds grow out of the plants,

generally, the water is watered thoroughly every 2 days, the temperature is raised to over 33 ℃, and the water is watered every day;

fifth, plant height control: manually pinching off the tender shoots at the top to make the height of the plants 60 cm;

sixthly, fertilizing: the fertilizer amount required in the bud period and the flower period is large, and the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches needs to be fertilized in the bud period and the flower period; applying a compound fertilizer once according to 22 g/plant after buds of high-quality limited fruit branch cotton emerge, and applying a compound fertilizer once according to 10 g/plant after cotton bolls are grown;

and controlling the temperature: the proper growth temperature of the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton is controlled to be 14-35 ℃, when the temperature does not reach over 35 ℃, the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton is placed in a place which can be irradiated by sunlight as much as possible, and when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the high-quality limited fruit branch cotton is moved to a shade place within 10-16 point time;

and eighthly, preventing diseases and insect pests: high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches is sown by using a delinting and coating technology, methyl cumyl phosphine is sprayed for 2 times within 20 days after emergence of seedlings for 6-7 months, when the air humidity reaches more than 60%, the cotton is possibly damaged by lygus, and acetamiprid can be sprayed at the evening;

ninthly, constructing indoor landscape: in 9 months, after cotton bolls are mature, loosening the soil and taking out plants, washing the roots clean, removing withered leaves and cotton bolls which are cracked and have fibers gathered into rigid petals, cutting off the roots of the plants, enabling the cotton bolls at the lowest part of the plants to be 25 cm away from the bottom end, and hanging or arranging flowers on a horizontal table top.

Test conditions:

FIGS. 1 and 2 show that the cotton with high quality and limited fruit branches is cultivated according to the method, the flower of the cotton has milky color (as shown in FIG. 1), purple red (as shown in FIG. 2) and red-white double color (as shown in FIGS. 3-5);

the length of the first fruit section of the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches is about 10 centimeters (as shown in figure 6), the length of the first fruit section of the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches is about 2 centimeters (as shown in figure 7), the first fruit section of the fruit branches of the high-quality cotton with limited fruit branches is generally less than 12 centimeters, and the main reason for the high flowering density of the cotton with limited fruit branches is that the first fruit section of the fruit branches is obviously shorter than the first fruit branches of the cotton with unlimited fruit branches and respectively comprises 4 flowers and 3 flowers which are not withered (as shown in figure 8 and figure 9), so that the flowering time of the cotton with limited fruit branches is very concentrated;

according to the method, the cotton with infinite fruit branches is cultivated, the length of a first fruit section in the fruit branches of the cotton with infinite fruit branches is about 16 centimeters (as shown in figure 10), and the first fruit section is generally longer than the cotton with high-quality finite fruit branches.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for ornamental cultivation by cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:

fourthly, watering: watering thoroughly once immediately after sowing, before the plant grows out a flower bud, watering thoroughly once when the upper green leaves show wilting signs, watering thoroughly once every 2 days after the plant grows out the flower bud, raising the temperature to more than 33 ℃, and watering every day;

and eighthly, preventing diseases and insect pests: sowing high-quality limited fruit branch cotton by using a delinting and coating technology, spraying methyl cumyl phosphate for 2-3 times within 20 days after emergence of seedlings, and spraying acetamiprid when the air humidity reaches more than 60% and the air temperature is 25-29 ℃;

ninthly, constructing indoor landscape: after the cotton bolls are mature, loosening the soil and taking out the plants, washing the roots clean, removing withered leaves and the cotton bolls which are cracked and have fibers gathered into rigid petal shapes, cutting the roots of the plants to enable the distance between the cotton bolls at the lowest part of the plants and the bottom ends to be 22-27 cm, and hanging or arranging flower arrangement on a horizontal table board.

2. A method for ornamental cultivation using cotton according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer in the step (sixth) is a general compound fertilizer, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the general compound fertilizer are all 17%.