CN112771033A - 新的化合物和包含其的有机发光器件 - Google Patents
新的化合物和包含其的有机发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112771033A CN112771033A CN201980063552.8A CN201980063552A CN112771033A CN 112771033 A CN112771033 A CN 112771033A CN 201980063552 A CN201980063552 A CN 201980063552A CN 112771033 A CN112771033 A CN 112771033A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 165
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- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 25
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- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- DDGPPAMADXTGTN-LHNTUAQVSA-N 2-chloro-4,6-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1C1=NC(Cl)=NC(C=2C(=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C=2[2H])[2H])=N1 DDGPPAMADXTGTN-LHNTUAQVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-2-phenylethenamine Chemical class N\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WDBQJSCPCGTAFG-QHCPKHFHSA-N 4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[4-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound FC1(CCC(CC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN1CCC(CC1)N1C(=NN=C1C)C(C)C)C=1C=NC=CC=1)F WDBQJSCPCGTAFG-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
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- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002219 fluoranthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005241 heteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- GGTUVWGMCFXUAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1F GGTUVWGMCFXUAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006218 1-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006023 1-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- DKAARCAIXKXVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminophenyl)ethene-1,1,2-triamine Chemical compound C(=C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)N)N)(N)N DKAARCAIXKXVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006024 2-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(18),2(7),3,5,8(13),9,11,14,16-nonaene Chemical group N1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=NN=C3C2=N1 DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DDTHMESPCBONDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=CC1=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 DDTHMESPCBONDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZYASLTYCYTYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methylidenefluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZYASLTYCYTYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCPIJQKCJMARGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(C)(OB(C2=CC=C(F)C(B3OC(C(C)(C)O3)(C)C)=C2)OC1(C)C)C Chemical compound C1(C)(OB(C2=CC=C(F)C(B3OC(C(C)(C)O3)(C)C)=C2)OC1(C)C)C GCPIJQKCJMARGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本公开内容提供了新的化合物和包含其的有机发光器件。
Description
技术领域
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年11月27日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2018-0148563号和于2019年11月8日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2019-0142728号的权益,其各自通过引用整体并入本文。
本公开内容涉及新的化合物和包含其的有机发光器件。
背景技术
通常,有机发光现象是指通过使用有机材料将电能转换为光能的现象。利用有机发光现象的有机发光器件具有诸如宽视角,优异的对比度,快速的响应时间,优异的亮度、驱动电压和响应速度的特性,并因此已经进行了许多研究。
有机发光器件通常具有包括阳极、阴极和介于阳极与阴极之间的有机材料层的结构。有机材料层通常具有包含不同材料的多层结构以提高有机发光器件的效率和稳定性,例如,有机材料层可以由空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层等形成。在有机发光器件的结构中,如果在两个电极之间施加电压,则空穴从阳极注入到有机材料层中,并且电子从阴极注入到有机材料层中,当注入的空穴和电子彼此相遇时形成激子,并且当激子再次落至基态时发光。
持续需要开发用于在这些有机发光器件中使用的有机材料的新材料。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
(专利文献0001)韩国未审查专利公开第10-2000-0051826号
发明内容
技术问题
本公开内容的目的是提供新的化合物和包含其的有机发光器件。
技术方案
本文中提供了由以下化学式1表示的化合物:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
各X独立地为N或CH,条件是X中的至少一者为N,
Ar1和Ar2各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的任一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基,
Ar3为经取代或未经取代的包含至少一个N的C5-60杂芳基,
D为由以下化学式2-1至2-3中的任一者表示的取代基,
[化学式2-1]
[化学式2-2]
[化学式2-3]
其中,在化学式2-1至2-3中,
Y1为O;S;NR2或CR3R4,
各n独立地为0至10的整数,
各R1独立地为氢;氘;经取代或未经取代的C1-60烷基;经取代或未经取代的C3-60环烷基;经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基,以及
R2至R4各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C1-60烷基;或者经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基。
本文中还提供了有机发光器件,所述有机发光器件包括:第一电极;设置成与第一电极相对的第二电极;和设置在第一电极与第二电极之间的一个或更多个有机材料层,其中有机材料层中的一个或更多个层包含由化学式1表示的化合物。
有益效果
上述由化学式1表示的化合物可以用作有机发光器件的有机材料层的材料,并且可以在有机发光器件中改善效率,实现低驱动电压和/或改善寿命特性。特别地,由化学式1表示的化合物可以用作空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、空穴注入和传输材料、发光材料、电子传输材料、或电子注入材料。
附图说明
图1示出了包括基底1、阳极2、发光层3和阴极4的有机发光器件的一个实例。
图2示出了包括基底1、阳极2、空穴注入层5、空穴传输层6、发光层7、电子传输层8和阴极4的有机发光器件的一个实例。
图3示出了包括基底1、阳极2、空穴注入层5、空穴传输层6、电子阻挡层9、发光层7、空穴阻挡层10、电子传输层8、电子注入层11和阴极4的有机发光器件的一个实例。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将更详细地描述本公开内容的实施方案以便于理解本发明。
本发明的一个实施方案提供了由化学式1表示的化合物。
如本文所用,术语“经取代或未经取代的”意指未经取代或经选自以下的一个或更多个取代基取代:氘;卤素基团;腈基;硝基;羟基;羰基;酯基;酰亚胺基;氨基;氧化膦基;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫基;芳基硫基;烷基磺酰基;芳基磺酰基;甲硅烷基;硼基;烷基;环烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;杂芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;或包含N、O和S原子中的至少一者的杂环基,或者未经取代或经以上例示的取代基中的两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基取代。例如,“两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基”可以为联苯基。即,联苯基也可以为芳基,并且可以被解释为两个苯基相连接的取代基。
在本说明书中,羰基的碳原子数没有特别限制,但优选为1至40。具体地,羰基可以为具有以下结构式的化合物,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,酯基可以具有其中酯基的氧可以被具有1至25个碳原子的直链、支链或环状烷基或者具有6至25个碳原子的芳基取代的结构。具体地,酯基可以为具有以下结构式的化合物,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,酰亚胺基的碳原子数没有特别限制,但优选为1至25。具体地,酰亚胺基可以为具有以下结构式的化合物,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,甲硅烷基具体地包括三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、乙烯基二甲基甲硅烷基、丙基二甲基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲硅烷基、苯基甲硅烷基等,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,硼基具体地包括三甲基硼基、三乙基硼基、叔丁基二甲基硼基、三苯基硼基和苯基硼基,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,卤素基团的实例包括氟、氯、溴、或碘。
在本说明书中,烷基可以为直链或支链的,并且其碳原子数没有特别限制,但优选为1至40。根据一个实施方案,烷基的碳原子数为1至20。根据另一个实施方案,烷基的碳原子数为1至10。根据另一个实施方案,烷基的碳原子数为1至6。烷基的具体实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、正丙基、异丙基、丁基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、1-甲基-丁基、1-乙基-丁基、戊基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、己基、正己基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、庚基、正庚基、1-甲基己基、环戊基甲基、环己基甲基、辛基、正辛基、叔辛基、1-甲基庚基、2-乙基己基、2-丙基戊基、正壬基、2,2-二甲基庚基、1-乙基-丙基、1,1-二甲基-丙基、异己基、2-甲基戊基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基等,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,烯基可以为直链或支链的,并且其碳原子数没有特别限制,但优选为2至40。根据一个实施方案,烯基的碳原子数为2至20。根据另一个实施方案,烯基的碳原子数为2至10。根据又一个实施方案,烯基的碳原子数为2至6。其具体实例包括乙烯基、1-丙烯基、异丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、烯丙基、1-苯基乙烯基-1-基、2-苯基乙烯基-1-基、2,2-二苯基乙烯基-1-基、2-苯基-2-(萘基-1-基)乙烯基-1-基、2,2-双(二苯基-1-基)乙烯基-1-基、茋基、苯乙烯基等,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,环烷基没有特别限制,但其碳原子数优选为3至60。根据一个实施方案,环烷基的碳原子数为3至30。根据另一个实施方案,环烷基的碳原子数为3至20。根据又一个实施方案,环烷基的碳原子数为3至6。其具体实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、3-甲基环戊基、2,3-二甲基环戊基、环己基、3-甲基环己基、4-甲基环己基、2,3-二甲基环己基、3,4,5-三甲基环己基、4-叔丁基环己基、环庚基、环辛基等,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,芳基没有特别限制,但优选具有6至60个碳原子,并且可以为单环芳基或多环芳基。根据一个实施方案,芳基的碳原子数为6至30。根据一个实施方案,芳基的碳原子数为6至20。作为单环芳基,芳基可以为苯基、联苯基、三联苯基等,但不限于此。多环芳基的实例包括萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、基、芴基等,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,杂环基为包含O、N、Si和S中的一者或更多者作为杂原子的杂环基,并且其碳原子数没有特别限制,但优选为2至60。杂环基的实例包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、唑基、二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、菲咯啉基、噻唑基、异唑基、二唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、二苯并呋喃基等,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,芳烷基、芳烯基、烷基芳基和芳基胺基中的芳基与芳基的前述实例相同。在本说明书中,芳烷基、烷基芳基和烷基胺基中的烷基与烷基的前述实例相同。在本说明书中,杂芳基胺基中的杂芳基可以应用杂芳基的前述描述。在本说明书中,芳烯基中的烯基与烯基的前述实例相同。在本说明书中,可以应用芳基的前述描述,不同之处在于亚芳基是二价基团。在本说明书中,可以应用杂芳基的前述描述,不同之处在于亚杂芳基是二价基团。在本说明书中,可以应用芳基或环烷基的前述描述,不同之处在于烃环不是一价基团而是通过使两个取代基结合而形成。在本说明书中,可以应用杂环基的前述描述,不同之处在于杂环不是一价基团而是通过使两个取代基结合而形成。
优选地,化学式1可以由以下化学式1-1至1-3中的任一者表示:
[化学式1-1]
[化学式1-2]
[化学式1-3]
其中,在化学式1-1至1-3中,
X、Ar1至Ar3、Y1、R1和n如以上所限定。
优选地,各n可以独立地为0、1或2。
优选地,Y1为O;S;NR2或CR3R4,其中R2至R4各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C1-10烷基;或者经取代或未经取代的C6-20芳基,并且更优选地,Y1可以为O;S;N(C6H5)、N(C6D5)或C(CH3)2。
优选地,Ar1和Ar2可以各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C6-20芳基,并且更优选地,Ar1和Ar2可以各自独立地为苯基;联苯基;萘基;或经1至5个氘取代的苯基。
优选地,Ar3可以为经取代或未经取代的包含至少一个N的C5-30杂芳基,并且更优选地,Ar3可以为由以下化学式3-1至3-5中的任一者表示的取代基:
[化学式3-1]
[化学式3-2]
[化学式3-3]
[化学式3-4]
[化学式3-5]
其中,在化学式3-1至3-5中,
各Z独立地为N或CH,条件是Z中的至少一者为N,
Ar4和Ar5各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的任一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基,
Ar6为经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基,
Y2为O或S,
各m独立地为0至4的整数,以及
各R5独立地为氢;氘;经取代或未经取代的C1-60烷基;经取代或未经取代的C3-60环烷基;经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基。
优选地,化学式3-1可以为选自以下的任一者:
优选地,Ar4和Ar5各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C6-20芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的任一个或更多个杂原子的C5-30杂芳基,并且更优选地,Ar4和Ar5可以各自独立地为选自以下的任一者:
优选地,Ar6可以为经取代或未经取代的C6-20芳基,并且更优选地,Ar6可以为苯基;联苯基;或经1至5个氘取代的苯基。
优选地,各m可以独立地为0、1或2。
例如,所述化合物可以选自以下化合物:
同时,由化学式1表示的化合物可以通过以下反应方案1至3中所示的制备方法来制备。
[反应方案1]
[反应方案2]
[反应方案3]
在反应方案1至3中,取代基的限定与以上所限定的相同,并且以上制备方法可以在下文中描述的合成例中进一步体现。
本发明的另一个实施方案提供了包含上述由化学式1表示的化合物的有机发光器件。作为一个实例,提供了包括以下的有机发光器件:第一电极;设置成与第一电极相对的第二电极;和设置在第一电极与第二电极之间的一个或更多个有机材料层,其中有机材料层中的一个或更多个层包含由化学式1表示的化合物。
本公开内容的有机发光器件的有机材料层可以具有单层结构,或者其可以具有其中堆叠有两个或更多个有机材料层的多层结构。例如,本公开内容的有机发光器件可以具有包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层等作为有机材料层的结构。然而,有机发光器件的结构不限于此,并且其可以包括较少数目的有机层。
此外,有机材料层可以包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、用于同时进行空穴注入和传输的层、或电子阻挡层,其中空穴注入层、空穴传输层、用于同时进行空穴注入和传输的层、和电子阻挡层可以包含由化学式1表示的化合物。
此外,有机材料层可以包括发光层,其中发光层可以包含由化学式1表示的化合物。在这种情况下,由化学式1表示的化合物可以在发光层中用作主体材料,并且更具体地,由化学式1表示的化合物可以用作在绿色有机发光器件的发光层中使用的主体。
此外,有机材料层可以包括空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、或用于同时进行电子传输和电子注入的层,其中空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、或用于同时进行电子传输和电子注入的层可以包含由化学式1表示的化合物。
此外,根据本公开内容的有机发光器件可以为其中阳极、一个或更多个有机材料层和阴极顺序地堆叠在基底上的正常型有机发光器件。此外,根据本公开内容的有机发光器件可以为其中阴极、一个或更多个有机材料层和阳极顺序地堆叠在基底上的倒置型有机发光器件。例如,图1至3示出了根据本公开内容的一个实施方案的有机发光器件的结构。
图1示出了包括基底1、阳极2、发光层3和阴极4的有机发光器件的一个实例。在这样的结构中,由化学式1表示的化合物可以包含在发光层中。
图2示出了包括基底1、阳极2、空穴注入层5、空穴传输层6、发光层7、电子传输层8和阴极4的有机发光器件的一个实例。在这样的结构中,由化学式1表示的化合物可以包含在空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层中的一个或更多个层中。
图3示出了包括基底1、阳极2、空穴注入层5、空穴传输层6、电子阻挡层9、发光层7、空穴阻挡层10、电子传输层8、电子注入层11和阴极4的有机发光器件的一个实例。在这样的结构中,由化学式1表示的化合物可以包含在空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层和电子注入层中的一个或更多个层中。
根据本公开内容的有机发光器件可以通过本领域已知的材料和方法来制造,不同之处在于有机材料层中的一个或更多个层包含由化学式1表示的化合物。此外,当有机发光器件包括复数个有机材料层时,有机材料层可以由相同的材料或不同的材料形成。
例如,根据本公开内容的有机发光器件可以通过在基底上顺序地堆叠第一电极、有机材料层和第二电极来制造。在这种情况下,有机发光器件可以通过以下来制造:使用PVD(物理气相沉积)法(例如溅射法或电子束蒸镀法)在基底上沉积金属、具有导电性的金属氧化物、或其合金以形成阳极,在阳极上形成包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层的有机材料层,然后在有机材料层上沉积可以用作阴极的材料。除了这样的方法之外,有机发光器件还可以通过在基底上顺序地沉积阴极材料、有机材料层和阳极材料来制造。
此外,在制造有机发光器件时,由化学式1表示的化合物可以通过溶液涂覆法以及真空沉积法来形成为有机材料层。在本文中,溶液涂覆法意指旋涂、浸涂、刮刀、喷墨印刷、丝网印刷、喷涂法、辊涂等,但不限于此。
除了这样的方法之外,有机发光器件还可以通过在基底上顺序地沉积阴极材料、有机材料层和阳极材料来制造(国际公开WO 2003/012890)。然而,制造方法不限于此。
作为实例,第一电极为阳极,并且第二电极为阴极,或者替代地,第一电极为阴极,并且第二电极为阳极。
作为阳极材料,通常优选使用具有大功函数的材料,使得空穴可以顺利地注入到有机材料层中。阳极材料的具体实例包括:金属,例如钒、铬、铜、锌和金、或其合金;金属氧化物,例如锌氧化物、铟氧化物、铟锡氧化物(ITO)和铟锌氧化物(IZO);金属和氧化物的组合,例如ZnO:Al或SnO2:Sb;导电聚合物,例如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDOT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺;等等,但不限于此。
作为阴极材料,通常优选使用具有小功函数的材料,使得电子可以容易地注入到有机材料层中。阴极材料的具体实例包括:金属,例如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡和铅、或其合金;多层结构材料,例如LiF/Al或LiO2/Al;等等,但不限于此。
空穴注入材料是用于注入来自电极的空穴的层,并且空穴注入材料优选为这样的化合物:其具有传输空穴的能力,因此具有注入阳极中的空穴的效应以及优异的向发光层或发光材料的空穴注入效应,防止发光层中产生的激子移动至电子注入层或电子注入材料,并且在形成薄膜的能力方面优异。优选的是空穴注入材料的HOMO(最高占据分子轨道)在阳极材料的功函数与周围有机材料层的HOMO之间。空穴注入材料的具体实例包括金属卟啉、低聚噻吩、基于芳基胺的有机材料、基于六腈六氮杂苯并菲的有机材料、基于喹吖啶酮的有机材料、基于苝的有机材料、蒽醌、基于聚苯胺和基于聚噻吩的导电聚合物等,但不限于此。
空穴传输层是接收来自空穴注入层的空穴并将空穴传输至发光层的层,并且其适当地为可以接收来自阳极或空穴注入层的空穴并将空穴转移至发光层的具有大的空穴迁移率的材料。其具体实例包括基于芳基胺的有机材料、导电聚合物、同时存在共轭部分和非共轭部分的嵌段共聚物等,但不限于此。
电子阻挡层形成在空穴传输层上,优选被设置成与发光层接触,并且用于调节空穴迁移率,防止电子的过度移动以及提高空穴-电子耦合的可能性,从而改善有机发光器件的效率。电子阻挡层包含电子阻挡材料,并且作为这样的电子阻挡材料,具有其中电子不能从发光层流出的稳定结构的材料是合适的。其具体实例可以包括基于芳基胺的有机材料等,但不限于此。
发光材料优选为这样的材料:其可以接收分别从空穴传输层和电子传输层传输的空穴和电子,并使空穴与电子结合以发射可见光区域内的光,并且对荧光或磷光具有良好的量子效率。发光材料的具体实例包括8-羟基-喹啉铝配合物(Alq3);基于咔唑的化合物;二聚苯乙烯基化合物;BAlq;10-羟基苯并喹啉-金属化合物;基于苯并唑、基于苯并噻唑和基于苯并咪唑的化合物;基于聚(对亚苯基亚乙烯基)(PPV)的聚合物;螺环化合物;聚芴、红荧烯等,但不限于此。
发光层可以包含主体材料和掺杂剂材料。主体材料可以为稠合芳族环衍生物、含杂环的化合物等。稠合芳族环衍生物的具体实例包括蒽衍生物、芘衍生物、萘衍生物、并五苯衍生物、菲化合物、荧蒽化合物等。含杂环的化合物的实例包括咔唑衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物、梯子型呋喃化合物、嘧啶衍生物等,但不限于此。
掺杂剂材料包括芳族胺衍生物、苯乙烯胺化合物、硼配合物、荧蒽化合物、金属配合物等。具体地,芳族胺衍生物为经取代或未经取代的具有芳基氨基的稠合芳族环衍生物,并且其实例包括具有芳基氨基的芘、蒽、、二茚并芘等。苯乙烯胺化合物为其中经取代或未经取代的芳基胺中取代有至少一个芳基乙烯基的化合物,其中选自芳基、甲硅烷基、烷基、环烷基和芳基氨基中的一个或两个或更多个取代基为经取代或未经取代的。其具体实例包括苯乙烯胺、苯乙烯二胺、苯乙烯三胺、苯乙烯四胺等,但不限于此。此外,金属配合物包括铱配合物、铂配合物等,但不限于此。
空穴阻挡层形成在发光层上,并且具体地,空穴阻挡层被设置成与发光层接触,并且用于防止空穴的过度移动,以及提高空穴-电子耦合的可能性,从而改善有机发光器件的效率。空穴阻挡层包含空穴阻挡材料,并且作为这样的空穴阻挡材料,具有其中空穴不能从发光层流出的稳定结构的材料是合适的。作为空穴阻挡材料,可以使用其中引入有吸电子基团的化合物,例如包括三嗪的嗪衍生物;三唑衍生物;二唑衍生物;菲咯啉衍生物;氧化膦衍生物,但不限于此。
电子传输层是接收来自电子注入层的电子并将电子传输至发光层的层,并且电子传输材料合适地为这样的材料:其可以很好地接收来自阴极的电子并将电子转移至发光层,并且具有大的电子迁移率。电子传输材料的具体实例包括:8-羟基喹啉的Al配合物;包含Alq3的配合物;有机自由基化合物;羟基黄酮-金属配合物;等等,但不限于此。电子传输层可以与如根据相关技术使用的任何期望的阴极材料一起使用。特别地,阴极材料的合适的实例为具有低功函数,后接铝层或银层的典型材料。其具体实例包括铯、钡、钙、镱和钐,在每种情况下都后接铝层或银层。
电子注入层是注入来自电极的电子的层,并且优选为这样的化合物:其具有传输电子的能力,具有注入来自阴极的电子的效应和将电子注入到发光层或发光材料中的优异效应,防止由发光层产生的激子移动至空穴注入层,并且在形成薄膜的能力方面也优异。电子注入层的具体实例包括芴酮、蒽醌二甲烷、联苯醌、噻喃二氧化物、唑、二唑、三唑、咪唑、苝四羧酸、亚芴基甲烷、蒽酮等及其衍生物,金属配合物化合物,含氮5元环衍生物等,但不限于此。
金属配合物化合物包括8-羟基喹啉锂、双(8-羟基喹啉)锌、双(8-羟基喹啉)铜、双(8-羟基喹啉)锰、三(8-羟基喹啉)铝、三(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)铝、三(8-羟基喹啉)镓、双(10-羟基苯并[h]喹啉)铍、双(10-羟基苯并[h]喹啉)锌、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉)氯镓、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(邻甲酚)镓、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(1-萘酚)铝、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(2-萘酚)镓等,但不限于此。
根据待使用的材料,根据本公开内容的有机发光器件可以为前侧发射型、后侧发射型或双侧发射型。
此外,除了有机发光器件之外,由化学式1表示的化合物还可以包含在有机太阳能电池或有机晶体管中。
在以下实施例中将详细地描述由化学式1表示的化合物和包含其的有机发光器件的制备。然而,这些实施例仅出于举例说明目的而呈现,并不旨在限制本公开内容的范围。
[合成例]
合成例1:化合物1的合成
步骤1)化合物1-a的合成
在氮气氛下将2,2'-(4-氟-1,3-亚苯基)双(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷)(15g,43.1mmol)和2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(25.4g,94.8mmol)添加至300mlTHF中,将混合物搅拌并回流。然后,将碳酸钾(17.9g,129.3mmol)溶解在54ml水中,添加到混合物中并充分搅拌,然后添加四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(1.5g,1.3mmol)。在反应11小时之后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,分离有机层和水层,然后将有机层蒸馏。将其再溶解在氯仿中,并用水洗涤两次。然后将有机层分离,添加无水硫酸镁,搅拌,并过滤,并将滤液在减压下蒸馏。通过硅胶柱色谱法将浓缩的化合物纯化以得到15.4g化合物1-a。(产率64%,MS:[M+H]+=560)
步骤2)化合物1的合成
在氮气氛下将化合物1-a(20g,35.8mmol)和12H-苯并呋喃[3,2-a]咔唑(10.1g,39.4mmol)添加至400ml DMF中,并将混合物在回流下搅拌。然后,向其中添加碳酸铯(35g,107.4mmol)并搅拌。在反应4小时之后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,分离有机层和水层,然后将有机层蒸馏。将其再溶解在氯仿中,并用水洗涤两次。然后将有机层分离,添加无水硫酸镁,搅拌,并过滤,并将滤液在减压下蒸馏。通过硅胶柱色谱法将浓缩的化合物纯化,然后使其经受升华纯化以得到9.4g化合物1。(产率33%,MS:[M+H]+=797)
合成例2:化合物2的合成
以与用于制备化合物1的方法中相同的方式制备化合物2,不同之处在于在合成例1的步骤2中,使用8H-苯并呋喃[2,3-c]咔唑代替12H-苯并呋喃[3,2-a]咔唑。(MS[M+H]+=797)
合成例3:化合物3的合成
以与用于制备化合物1的方法中相同的方式制备化合物3,不同之处在于在合成例1的步骤2中,使用8H-苯并[4,5]噻吩[2,3-c]咔唑代替12H-苯并呋喃[3,2-a]咔唑。(MS[M+H]+=813)
合成例4:化合物4的合成
以与用于制备化合物1的方法中相同的方式制备化合物4,不同之处在于在合成例1的步骤2中,使用11,11-二甲基-5,11-二氢茚并[1,2-b]咔唑代替12H-苯并呋喃[3,2-a]咔唑。(MS[M+H]+=823)
合成例5:化合物5的合成
步骤1)化合物5-a的合成
在氮气氛下将(5-氯-2-氟苯基)硼酸(15g,86mmol)和2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(25.3g,94.6mmol)添加至300ml THF中,将混合物搅拌并回流。然后,将碳酸钾(35.7g,258.1mmol)溶解在107ml水中,添加到混合物中并充分搅拌,然后添加四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(3g,2.6mmol)。在反应12小时之后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,分离有机层和水层,然后将有机层蒸馏。将其再溶解在氯仿中,并用水洗涤两次。然后将有机层分离,添加无水硫酸镁,搅拌,并过滤,并将滤液在减压下蒸馏。通过硅胶柱色谱法将浓缩的化合物纯化以得到10g化合物5-a。(产率32%,MS:[M+H]+=363)
步骤2)化合物5-b的合成
在氮气氛下将化合物5-a(15g,41.5mmol)和双(频哪醇合)二硼(11.6g,45.6mmol)添加至300ml 1,4-二烷中,并将混合物在回流下搅拌。然后,向其中添加乙酸钾(12.2g,124.4mmol)并充分搅拌,然后添加双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯(0)(0.7g,1.2mmol)和三环己基膦(0.7g,2.5mmol)。在反应6小时之后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,分离有机层和水层,然后将有机层蒸馏。将其再溶解在氯仿中,并用水洗涤两次。然后将有机层分离,添加无水硫酸镁,搅拌,并过滤,并将滤液在减压下蒸馏。通过硅胶柱色谱法将浓缩的化合物纯化以得到11.7g化合物5-b。(产率62%,MS:[M+H]+=454)
步骤3)化合物5-c的合成
在氮气氛下将化合物5-b(15g,33.1mmol)和2-氯-4,6-双(苯基-d5)-1,3,5-三嗪(10.1g,36.4mmol)添加至300ml THF中,将混合物搅拌并回流。然后,将碳酸钾(13.7g,99.3mmol)溶解在41ml水中,添加到混合物中并充分搅拌,然后添加四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(1.1g,1mmol)。在反应11小时之后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,分离有机层和水层,然后将有机层蒸馏。将其再溶解在氯仿中,并用水洗涤两次。然后将有机层分离,添加无水硫酸镁,搅拌,并过滤,并将滤液在减压下蒸馏。通过硅胶柱色谱法将浓缩的化合物纯化以得到14.9g化合物5-c。(产率79%,MS:[M+H]+=570)
步骤4)化合物5的合成
在氮气氛下将化合物5-c(20g,35.2mmol)和2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(10g,38.7mmol)添加至400ml DMF中,并将混合物在回流下搅拌。然后,向其中添加碳酸铯(34.4g,105.5mmol)并搅拌。在反应5小时之后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,分离有机层和水层,然后将有机层蒸馏。将其再溶解在氯仿中,并用水洗涤两次。然后将有机层分离,添加无水硫酸镁,搅拌,并过滤,并将滤液在减压下蒸馏。通过硅胶柱色谱法将浓缩的化合物纯化,然后使其经受升华纯化以得到8.8g化合物5。(产率31%,MS:[M+H]+=807)
合成例6:化合物6的合成
以与用于制备化合物5的方法中相同的方式制备化合物6,不同之处在于在合成例5中,使用2-氯-4,6-二苯基嘧啶代替2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,使用2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪代替2-氯-4,6-双(苯基-d5)-1,3,5-三嗪,并使用5-苯基-5,11-二氢吲哚并[3,2-b]咔唑代替8H-苯并呋喃[2,3-c]咔唑。(MS[M+H]+=871)
合成例7:化合物7的合成
以与用于制备化合物5的方法中相同的方式制备化合物7,不同之处在于在合成例5中,使用2-氯-4-(二苯并[b,d]呋喃-1-基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪代替2-氯-4,6-双(苯基-d5)-1,3,5-三嗪,并使用11H-苯并[4,5]噻吩[3,2-b]咔唑代替8H-苯并呋喃[2,3-c]咔唑。(MS[M+H]+=903)
合成例8:化合物8的合成
以与用于制备化合物5的方法中相同的方式制备化合物8,不同之处在于在合成例5中,使用2-氯-4-苯基苯并[4,5]噻吩[3,2-d]嘧啶代替2-氯-4,6-双(苯基-d5)-1,3,5-三嗪,并使用12H-苯并呋喃[3,2-a]咔唑代替8H-苯并呋喃[2,3-c]咔唑。(MS[M+H]+=826)
[实验例]
实验例1
将其上涂覆有厚度为的ITO(铟锡氧化物)作为薄膜的玻璃基底放入其中溶解有清洁剂的蒸馏水中,并进行超声清洗。在这种情况下,使用由Fischer Co.制造的产品作为清洁剂,以及使用利用由Millipore Co.制造的过滤器过滤两次的蒸馏水作为蒸馏水。在将ITO清洗30分钟之后,使用蒸馏水重复进行两次超声清洗10分钟。在用蒸馏水清洗完成之后,用异丙醇、丙酮和甲醇溶剂对基底进行超声清洗,干燥,然后将其转移至等离子体清洗器。此外,将基底使用氧等离子体清洗5分钟,然后转移至真空沉积器。
在由此准备的ITO透明电极上,将以下化合物HT-A和以下化合物PD以95:5的比例热真空沉积至的厚度,然后将仅以下化合物HT-A沉积至的厚度以形成空穴传输层。在空穴传输层上将以下化合物HT-B热真空沉积至的厚度以形成电子阻挡层。然后,在电子阻挡层上将预先制备的化合物1和以下化合物GD以85:15的比例真空沉积至的厚度以形成发光层。在发光层上将以下化合物ET-A真空沉积至的厚度以形成空穴阻挡层。在空穴阻挡层上将以下化合物ET-B和以下化合物Liq以2:1的比例热真空沉积至的厚度,然后将LiF和镁以1:1的比例真空沉积至的厚度以形成电子传输和注入层。在电子注入层上将镁和银以1:4的比例沉积至的厚度以形成阴极,从而完成有机发光器件的制造。
在上述过程中,将有机材料的气相沉积速率保持在/秒至/秒,将阴极的氟化锂的沉积速率保持在/秒,将银和镁的沉积速率保持在/秒,并将沉积期间的真空度保持在2×10-7托至5×10-6托,从而制造有机发光器件。
实验例2至8
以与实验例1中相同的方式制造有机发光器件,不同之处在于使用下表1所示的化合物代替化合物1。
比较实验例1至4
以与实验例1中相同的方式制造有机发光器件,不同之处在于使用下表1所示的化合物代替化合物1。在表1中,化合物GH-A、GH-B、GH-C和GH-D如下。
通过向实验例和比较实验例中制造的有机发光器件施加电流来测量电压、效率和寿命(T95),并且结果示于下表1中。此时,通过施加10mA/cm2的电流密度来测量电压和效率。此外,表1中的T95意指在20mA/cm2的电流密度下亮度降低至初始亮度的95%所需的时间。
[表1]
由于在分子中充当电子供体的由化学式2-1至2-3表示的取代基和充当电子受体的单环含氮杂环在邻位彼此键合,因此化学式1的化合物可以容易地进行内部电荷转移。特别地,化学式2-1与类似的取代基相比具有更大的面对单环含氮杂环的面积,以及化学式2-2和2-3进一步推动电子,因为Y位于氮原子的对位以进一步推动电子,并因此具有强的电子供体特性。全部这两个特性对于内部电荷转移都是更有利的。由于此,分子的稳定性高,这对于空穴传输和电子传输二者是有利的。此外,由于在Ar3中进一步取代有各种含氮杂环,因此电子传输特性可以进行各种调节,这在与公共层的变化有关的平衡电荷方面是有利的。
因此,如上表1中所示,当使用化学式1的化合物作为用于有机发光器件的主体时,可以确定与具有相似结构的比较实验例相比,其表现出低电压、高效率和长寿命的特性。
[附图标记]
1:基底 2:阳极
3:发光层 4:阴极
5:空穴注入层 6:空穴传输层
7:发光层 8:电子传输层
9:电子阻挡层 10:空穴阻挡层
11:电子注入层
Claims (9)
1.一种由以下化学式1表示的化合物:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
各X独立地为N或CH,条件是X中的至少一者为N,
Ar1和Ar2各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的任一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基,
Ar3为经取代或未经取代的包含至少一个N的C5-60杂芳基,
D为由以下化学式2-1至2-3中的任一者表示的取代基,
[化学式2-1]
[化学式2-2]
[化学式2-3]
其中,在化学式2-1至2-3中,
Y1为O;S;NR2或CR3R4,
各n独立地为0至10的整数,
各R1独立地为氢;氘;经取代或未经取代的C1-60烷基;经取代或未经取代的C3-60环烷基;经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基,以及
R2至R4各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C1-60烷基;或者经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,
其中Y1为O;S;N(C6H5);N(C6D5)或C(CH3)2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,
其中Ar1和Ar2各自独立地为苯基;联苯基;萘基;或经1至5个氘取代的苯基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,
其中Ar3为由以下化学式3-1至3-5中的任一者表示的取代基:
[化学式3-1]
[化学式3-2]
[化学式3-3]
[化学式3-4]
[化学式3-5]
其中,在化学式3-1至3-5中,
各Z独立地为N或CH,条件是Z中的至少一者为N,
Ar4和Ar5各自独立地为经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的任一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基,
Ar6为经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基,
Y2为O或S,
各m独立地为0至4的整数,以及
各R5独立地为氢;氘;经取代或未经取代的C1-60烷基;经取代或未经取代的C3-60环烷基;经取代或未经取代的C6-60芳基;或者经取代或未经取代的包含选自N、O和S中的一个或更多个杂原子的C5-60杂芳基。
7.根据权利要求5所述的化合物,
其中Ar6为苯基;联苯基;或经1至5个氘取代的苯基。
9.一种有机发光器件,包括:第一电极;设置成与所述第一电极相对的第二电极;和设置在所述第一电极与所述第二电极之间的一个或更多个有机材料层,其中所述有机材料层中的一个或更多个层包含根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物。
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