CN112703949A - Method for tending and updating over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest - Google Patents
Method for tending and updating over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN112703949A CN112703949A CN202011439093.XA CN202011439093A CN112703949A CN 112703949 A CN112703949 A CN 112703949A CN 202011439093 A CN202011439093 A CN 202011439093A CN 112703949 A CN112703949 A CN 112703949A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for tending and updating an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest, which comprises the following steps: step 1, ditching in a protection forest; step 2: turning roots and covering soil, cutting off root systems of the protection forest in the strip ditches, burying the root systems in the soil without exposing the root systems, and ensuring necessary soil layers and accumulated temperature for sprouting of the root systems; and step 3: sprouting roots, and applying fertilizer to the roots buried in the soil; and 4, step 4: watering the ditch, and watering the ditch after fertilizer application; and 5: managing after root system sprout, and performing tour inspection on the poplar sprout in the furrow once a week; step 6: and (3) cutting off the poplar, wherein when the seedlings grow to 1m high, part of the poplar with bad growth state and insufficiently strong trunk is cut off. The updating method of the invention has high speed of planting the artificial forest; the updated forest stand is operated nearly naturally, the forest stand is more reasonable, and the ecological effect is more obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry ecological engineering, in particular to a method for tending and updating an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest.
Background
The tending management of the artificial forest is divided according to the growth and development stages of the forest and can be divided into non-forestation tending management and forestation tending management. The management of tending and developing the grown forest is to carry out tending and intermediate cutting on the artificial forest which is already closed into the forest, and is to take operation measures in the whole cultivating process from the closing of the forest to the maturity. The afforestation is the common measure of tending management of the forest of passing maturity, cut whole ripe forest stand and remove, if the measure of later stage afforestation is not supporting, to the influence that local ecological environment produced to a certain extent, if the forest stand area is great, divide the lot to divide the plot to cut off, the implementation cycle is long, and the requirement of systematization management is high, and afforestation on the forest stand that has cut off, the original afforestation of clearance needs cost more time and material resources, influences the work progress of later stage afforestation. Therefore, an effective nursing and updating technology of the over-mature protection forest is adopted, and the promotion of updating and near-natural management of the protection forest of different forest ages is facilitated.
In the process of constructing the three-north shelter forest, the decline of the poplar shelter forest is widely concerned, the semi-declined poplar tree is characterized in that the top end of a trunk is dry, the part from the base part of the trunk to the trunk 1/2 or below is still alive, a certain number of fresh and alive branches grow, and the roots of the tree can still provide nutrition for the growth of the part. The method for cutting off and replanting semi-declining poplar trees in large scale is the most direct way for improving the local ecological environment and making the afforestation beautiful, but the method has the problems of more time consumption, high later maintenance cost, slow afforestation, long time for exerting ecological effect and the like.
Based on the problems in the prior art, the inventor provides a method for fostering and updating over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest by combining the protection forest maintenance experience for many years.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for fostering and updating an over-ripe or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a method for tending and updating an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest comprises the following steps:
1, ditching in a protection forest, selecting an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest before trees begin to germinate in spring, digging a ditch with the width of 1m and the depth of 0.5m at a position 1m away from a root in parallel with a row of the protection forest;
step 2: turning roots and covering soil, cutting off root systems of the protection forest in the strip ditches, burying the root systems in the soil without exposing the root systems, and maintaining the necessary soil layer and accumulated temperature of the root systems for sprouting;
and step 3: sprouting roots, and applying fertilizer to the roots buried in the soil;
and 4, step 4: watering the ditch, and watering the ditch after fertilizer application;
and 5: managing after root sprouting, performing tour inspection on the poplar sprouting in the ditch once every week after the root sprouting begins, watering and performing pest control according to actual conditions;
step 6: and (3) cutting off the poplar, namely cutting off part of poplar with poor growth state and not thick trunk in the poplar artificial forest germinating in the strip ditches when the seedlings grow to be 1m high so as to adjust the forest stand density, so that the poplar artificial forest has a certain plant row spacing.
Further, in step 1, before the forest starts to germinate, the forest is between the late 2 months and the early 3 months of each year.
Further, in the step 1, after the strip ditch is dug, the strip ditch is cleaned, broken stones and other wastes in the strip ditch are picked up, and the ditch surface and the ditch bottom of the strip ditch are disinfected by a blast burner.
Further, in the step 2, after the root system is cut, the healing agent and the disinfectant for the plants are adopted to coat the section of the cut root system, and meanwhile, the poplar with the cut root system is subjected to branch thinning treatment.
Further, in the step 3, the fertilizer comprises 20-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 6-10 parts of sodium phosphate, 60-70 parts of plant straw powder, 2-3 parts of copper chloride, 2-3 parts of ferric chloride, 1 part of molybdenum phosphate, 2-3 parts of boron nitrate and 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the components are calculated by mass.
Further, in step 3, before applying the fertilizer, dead branches, weeds, impurities and fallen leaves on the ground surface and in the furrows are removed.
Further, in the step 3, uniformly mixing copper chloride, ferric chloride, molybdenum phosphate, boron nitrate, zinc sulfate and water to form a mixed solution, and spraying the mixed solution into the ditch in a spraying manner; then uniformly mixing the urea, the potassium nitrate, the sodium phosphate and the plant straw powder by a mixer to form mixed powder particles, and uniformly spreading the mixed powder particles in the ditch by a particle fertilizer applicator.
Further, in the step 4, after the first watering is finished, watering is carried out every 2 weeks, until the infiltration depth reaches 0.5m, the watering is finished, after 3 times of watering, the watering is changed to 1 month watering until the root system starts to sprout, the infiltration depth of rainwater is measured when the root system meets natural rainfall, when the water content of the soil is higher than 60% -70% of the field capacity, the watering is stopped, and when the water content of the soil is lower than 60% -70% of the field capacity, the irrigation is carried out until the infiltration depth reaches 0.5 m.
Further, in the step 6, when the seedlings grow to 1m high, trunk fixing is carried out on the poplar trees, branches except for the main branches on the trunk are thinned, the main branches are not cut short, until the length of the trunk exceeds 1m, lateral branches on the main branches are thinned, and the remained branches are not cut short and retracted.
Further, in the step 3, the fertilizer comprises 25 parts of urea, 22.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of sodium phosphate, 65 parts of plant straw powder, 2.5 parts of copper chloride, 2.5 parts of ferric chloride, 0.5 part of molybdenum phosphate, 2.5 parts of boron nitrate and 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the components are calculated by mass.
Further, in step 2, the healing agent for plants is composed of 25 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of polybutene, 2 parts of thiophanate methyl, 15 parts of asbestos, 6 parts of titanium dioxide, and 0.5 part of a dye.
Further, the disinfectant is carbendazim.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for tending and updating the over-mature or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest, the artificial forest is high in speed and high in near-nature degree through the treatment methods of ditching, root turning and earthing, root sprouting, watering of strip ditches, management after root sprouting and pruning of poplar in the protection forest; the updated forest stand and the former forest stand form different height gradients to form a certain landscape level; the updated forest stand is managed by nature, the forest stand is more reasonable, and the ecological effect is more obvious; the updating and tending process can be carried out in batches, and the ecological and economic benefits brought by the over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest are not immediately lost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for fostering and updating over-ripe or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the position arrangement of the trench and the shelter forest in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of relative positions of a newly formed forest stand and a poplar protection forest in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it being understood that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a method for fostering and updating an over-ripe or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest comprises the following steps:
1, ditching in a protection forest, wherein in spring, before trees begin to germinate, an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest is selected, is parallel to a row of the protection forest and is 1m away from a root, and a ditch with the width of 1m and the depth of 0.5m is dug, so that the main root of the row of the protection forest is enabled to appear in the ditch to the greatest extent;
step 2: turning over roots and covering soil, cutting off root systems of the protection forest in the strip ditches by using a spade, burying the root systems in the soil without exposing the root systems, and maintaining the necessary soil layer and accumulated temperature of the root systems for sprouting;
and step 3: sprouting roots, and applying fertilizer to the roots buried in the soil;
and 4, step 4: watering the ditch, and watering the ditch after fertilizer application;
and 5: managing after root system sprout, after the root system sprout, performing tour inspection on the poplar sprout in the ditch once every week, watering according to actual conditions, and performing pest control;
step 6: and (3) cutting off the poplar, namely cutting off part of poplar with poor growth state and not thick trunk in the artificial poplar forest germinating in the furrows when the seedlings grow to be 1m high, so as to adjust the forest stand density, and enabling the artificial poplar forest to have a certain planting row spacing.
In step 1 of this embodiment, after the trench is dug, the trench is cleaned, crushed stones and other wastes in the trench are picked up, and the trench surface of the trench is disinfected by using a blast burner.
In step 2 of this embodiment, the soil layer of the essential soil layer for ensuring root system sprouting is buried with a thickness of 0.5m, and in spring, the temperature rises again, the soil is moist, trees grow from dormancy, and the root system starts to move, which is favorable for root system sprouting, so the root system sprouting is carried out in spring.
After the root system is cut off, the healing agent and the disinfectant for plants are adopted to coat the section of the cut root system, and meanwhile, the poplar with the cut root system is subjected to branch thinning treatment.
In step 2 of this example, the healing agent for plants was composed of 25 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of polybutene, 2 parts of thiophanate methyl, 15 parts of asbestos, 6 parts of titanium dioxide, and 0.5 part of a dye.
In step 2 of this example, the disinfectant is carbendazim.
In step 3 of this embodiment, the applied fertilizer is mainly urea, and generally 10 to 15 kg of the fertilizer is applied per mu of land, and further the fertilizer includes 20 to 30 parts of urea, 10 to 15 parts of potassium nitrate, 6 to 10 parts of sodium phosphate, 60 to 70 parts of plant straw powder, 2 to 3 parts of copper chloride, 2 to 3 parts of ferric chloride, 1 part of molybdenum phosphate, 2 to 3 parts of boron nitrate, and 2 to 3 parts of zinc sulfate.
As a preferable example of this embodiment, in step 3, the fertilizer includes 22 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of sodium phosphate, 65 parts of plant straw powder, 2 parts of copper chloride, 2.2 parts of ferric chloride, 1 part of molybdenum phosphate, 3 parts of boron nitrate, and 3 parts of zinc sulfate, and the above components are calculated by mass.
As another preferable example of this embodiment, in step 3, the fertilizer includes 25 parts of urea, 22.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of sodium phosphate, 65 parts of plant straw powder, 2.5 parts of copper chloride, 2.5 parts of ferric chloride, 0.5 part of molybdenum phosphate, 2.5 parts of boron nitrate, and 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate, which are calculated by mass.
As an improvement of this example, the surface and furrows were cleaned of dead shoots, weeds, debris and fallen leaves prior to application of the fertilizer.
In the actual fertilizing process, copper chloride, ferric chloride, molybdenum phosphate, boron nitrate and zinc sulfate are uniformly mixed with water, and the mixed solution is sprayed into the ditch in a spraying manner; and then uniformly mixing the urea, the potassium nitrate, the sodium phosphate and the plant straw powder by a mixer, and uniformly spreading the mixed fertilizer in the ditch by a particle fertilizer applicator.
In step 4 of this embodiment, after fertilizer application is completed, irrigation should be performed 2 to 3 days after fertilizer application in general summer and autumn, irrigation should be performed 7 to 8 days after fertilizer application in winter and spring, after irrigation, soil water content is detected, and soil water content is measured by taking undisturbed soil with a cutting ring every week, if the field water capacity does not reach 60 to 70%, and then irrigation is performed.
As another improvement of this embodiment, the rat hole was blocked before the ditch was watered.
In step 5 of this embodiment, if the sprouted seedling is found to have insect and disease damage, the corresponding pesticide is sprayed according to the corresponding insect and disease type.
In step 6 of this embodiment, generally, 3-10 tillering seedlings of each clump of poplar artificial forest germinated in the furrow are different and reach about 5 seedlings on average; and carrying out preliminary thinning according to the plant spacing of 2m when adjusting the stand density, reserving 2 individual clump root tillering seedlings with better growth vigor, and reserving 1 other strong dominant seedling.
In step 6 of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, when the seedling grows to 1m high, trunk fixing is performed on the poplar tree, branches of the trunk except for the main branch are thinned, the main branch is not cut, until the trunk length exceeds 1m, side branches of the main branch are thinned, the remained branches are not cut back, the updated stand and the stand before form different height gradients, and a certain landscape level is formed.
In the step 1, before the forest starts to germinate, the forest is between the last 2 to the last 3 months of each year.
And 4, after the first watering is finished, watering once every 2 weeks until the infiltration depth reaches 0.5m, after 3 times of watering, watering once in 1 month until the root system starts to sprout, and measuring the infiltration depth of rainwater if the water content of soil is higher than 60-70% of the field capacity during the period of natural rainfall, and if the water content of soil is not watering at the time, watering until the infiltration depth reaches 0.5 m.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for illustrating the principle of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention as claimed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for tending and updating an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1, ditching in a protection forest, wherein in spring, before trees begin to germinate, an over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest is selected, is parallel to the rows of the protection forest, and is 1m away from the root, and a ditch with the width of 1m and the depth of 0.5m is dug;
step 2: turning roots and covering soil, cutting off root systems of the protection forest in the strip ditches, burying the root systems in the soil without exposing the root systems, and maintaining the necessary soil layer and accumulated temperature of the root systems for sprouting;
and step 3: sprouting roots, and applying fertilizer to the roots buried in the soil;
and 4, step 4: watering the ditch, and watering the ditch after fertilizer application;
and 5: managing after root system sprout, after the root system sprout, performing tour inspection on the poplar sprout in the ditch once every week, watering according to actual conditions, and performing pest control;
step 6: cutting off poplar, when the seedlings grow to 1m high, cutting off part of poplar with poor growth state and not thick trunk in the poplar artificial forest germinating in the strip ditches, and adjusting the forest stand density to ensure that the poplar artificial forest has a certain plant row spacing.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the grooves are dug, the grooves are cleaned, the broken stones and other wastes in the grooves are picked up, and the groove surfaces and the groove bottoms of the grooves are disinfected by using a blast burner.
3. The method for nurturing and renewing the over-ripe or semi-deteriorated poplar protection forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, after the root system is cut off, the cut-off section of the root system is coated with a healing agent and a disinfectant for plants, and meanwhile, the branch thinning treatment is performed on the poplar with the cut-off root system.
4. The immature or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest tending and updating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the fertilizer comprises 20-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 6-10 parts of sodium phosphate, 60-70 parts of plant straw powder, 2-3 parts of copper chloride, 2-3 parts of ferric chloride, 1 part of molybdenum phosphate, 2-3 parts of boron nitrate and 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, by mass.
5. The immature or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest tending and updating method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the fertilizer comprises 22 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of sodium phosphate, 65 parts of plant straw powder, 2 parts of copper chloride, 2.2 parts of ferric chloride, 1 part of molybdenum phosphate, 3 parts of boron nitrate and 3 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the components are calculated according to mass.
6. The method for tending and renewing the over-ripe or semi-degenerated poplar protection forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, after the first watering, the first watering is performed every 2 weeks, the watering is performed until the depth of the water infiltration reaches 0.5m, after 3 times of watering, the first watering is performed for 1 month instead, until the root system starts to sprout, during which, if natural rainfall occurs, the depth of the rainwater infiltration is measured, when the water content of the soil is higher than 60% -70% of the field capacity, the watering is stopped, and when the water content of the soil is lower than 60% -70% of the field capacity, the watering is performed until the depth of the water infiltration reaches 0.5 m.
7. The method for tending and updating the over-mature or semi-declining poplar protection forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, when the seedlings grow to 1m high, trunk fixing is carried out on the poplar, branches except for the main branches on the trunk are thinned, the main branches are not cut, until the length of the trunk exceeds 1m, lateral branches on the main branches are thinned, and the remained branches are not cut back.
8. The method for tending and renewing the over-ripe or semi-deteriorated poplar protection forest according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3, dead branches, weeds, sundries and fallen leaves on the ground surface and in furrows are removed before applying the fertilizer.
9. The method for tending and renewing the over-ripe or semi-deteriorated poplar protection forest according to claim 5 or 8, wherein in the step 3, copper chloride, ferric chloride, molybdenum phosphate, boron nitrate and zinc sulfate are uniformly mixed with water to form a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is sprayed into the ditch in a spraying manner; then uniformly mixing the urea, the potassium nitrate, the sodium phosphate and the plant straw powder by a mixer to form mixed powder particles, and uniformly spreading the mixed fertilizer in the strip ditch by a particle fertilizer applicator.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102396334A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-04-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Diversifolious poplar root pruning tillering asexual propagation method |
| CN102986435A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-27 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving fixation of carbon in arid desert region by using rhizome sprouts |
| CN106962105A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | A kind of arid-desert area diversiform-leaved poplar is looked for one's roots the update method being completely cured |
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2020
- 2020-12-07 CN CN202011439093.XA patent/CN112703949A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102396334A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-04-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Diversifolious poplar root pruning tillering asexual propagation method |
| CN102986435A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-27 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving fixation of carbon in arid desert region by using rhizome sprouts |
| CN106962105A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | A kind of arid-desert area diversiform-leaved poplar is looked for one's roots the update method being completely cured |
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| 丁文涛: "枣树断根归圃育苗技术", 《防护林科技》 * |
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