CN108124722B

CN108124722B - Method for inducing ginkgo root to generate prolapsed breast

Info

Publication number: CN108124722B
Application number: CN201810051694.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邢世岩; 门晓妍; 曹钟允; 张谦
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-01-19
Filing date: 2018-01-19
Publication date: 2020-04-24
Anticipated expiration: 2038-01-19
Also published as: CN108124722A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for inducing ginkgo root to generate prolapsed breast, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting 2-5 years old ginkgo seedling as a transplanting object, and performing main root breaking treatment 1-2 days before transplanting, wherein the length of the main root is kept to be 15-20cm, and the lateral roots are kept intact; (2) transplanting after autumn leaves fall and before soil is frozen or before tree body sprouts after soil is thawed, placing ginkgo seedlings in the planting holes obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground and in the same direction as the growth direction of the seedlings before transplanting, backfilling soil and compacting. The method of the invention can promote the gingko to generate the root prolapsed milk and store nutrient substances such as starch and the like, thereby improving the growth potential of the nursery stock and improving the environmental adaptability of the gingko.

Description

Method for inducing ginkgo root to generate prolapsed breast

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tree growth, development and propagation, in particular to a method for inducing ginkgo root to grow prolapsed breast.

Background

Gingko (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a gymnosperm, belongs to Ginkgoaceae and Ginkgoaceae, commonly known as gingko and Gongsun tree, is one of the surviving wiggerial species in China after the fourth glacier, is called as 'activating stone', and has a testable cultivation history in China for thousands of years. The ginkgo biloba is a specific germplasm in a ginkgo biloba family, and the trunk, the base of a main branch or the root of the ginkgo biloba are singly or a plurality of rounded prolapses with round top and blunt top. Prolapsus is also called as "Zhong Ru" or "tree milk" in China, and is also called as "raise" or "raise" in the masses in ginkgo producing areas, and is also called as tumor-like objects (burl-like), tree tumors (burls), aerial roots (aerial roots) and the like in the literature. The prolactin has important significance for the long-term survival and the preservation of the gingkoes across geological times. Ginkgo biloba root prolapsed milk is one site for the production and storage of suppressed shoots (shrubs); they are a storage site for carbohydrate and mineral nutrients, allowing the fast growth of the inhibited shoots under stress and injury; for ginkgo biloba growing on steep hills, prolapsed milk may serve as a "climbing organ" that grasps the rock. The prolapsus are classified into branch-growing prolapsus, trunk-growing prolapsus, basal-growing prolapsus and root-growing prolapsus according to the difference of their respective sites of attachment. The root-growing dropping milk can be regarded as the forward geotaxic aggregation phenomenon of latent bud primordium, and can regenerate new trunk and adventitious roots under the condition of strong stimulation, thereby being beneficial to improving the environmental adaptability of the ginkgo.

Ginkgo biloba root prolapsed milk is similar in morphology to either dried or branch prolapsed milk, but occurs on young seedlings, suggesting that root prolapsed milk is not identical to either dried or branch prolapsed milk. At present, the related researches on ginkgo root sagging breast are less compared with branch sagging breast.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for inducing ginkgo root to generate prolapsed milk, which can promote ginkgo to generate prolapsed milk and store nutrient substances such as starch and the like, thereby improving the growth potential of nursery stocks and improving the environmental adaptability of ginkgo.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for inducing the generation of prolapsed milk from ginkgo root, comprising the steps of:

(1) selecting 2-5 years old ginkgo seedling as a transplanting object, and performing main root breaking treatment 1-2 days before transplanting, wherein the length of the main root is kept to be 15-20cm, and the lateral roots are kept intact;

(2) transplanting after autumn leaves fall and before soil is frozen or before tree body sprouts after soil is thawed, placing ginkgo seedlings in the planting holes obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground and in the same direction as the growth direction of the seedlings before transplanting, backfilling soil and compacting.

Preferably, in the step (1), the ginkgo seedlings are slightly trimmed before transplanting, and diseased insect branches, spindly branches, withered branches or cross branches are cut off.

Preferably, in step (2), transplanting is performed from the middle and late of 11 months to the middle and late of 12 months, or from the middle and late of 2 months to the middle and late of 3 months in the next year.

Preferably, in the step (2), during transplanting, bare-root transplanting is adopted for the nursery stocks with the seedling age of 2-3 years; transplanting the seedlings with soil balls for more than 3 years.

Preferably, in the step (2), the planting holes are larger than the root system of the ginkgo seedlings.

Preferably, in the step (2), the soil is backfilled by filling the soil with the mellow soil in the shallow layer, then filling the soil dug out in the deep layer, and compacting the soil layer by layer to ensure that the inside of the backfilled soil is tight and loose.

Further, the method further comprises: and (5) managing after planting.

The post-planting management comprises the following steps: after planting, making a tree weir, watering root fixing water for one time in time to ensure that the tree root is tightly connected with the soil and promote the development of the root system, adding 200mg/L of ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and then irrigating and draining in combination with the water content of the soil and weather conditions; wheat straws and rice straws are used for wrapping seedling stems, and smaller seedlings are covered with sawdust, so that the effects of keeping warm and preserving water are achieved; the newly transplanted seedling new roots do not start to grow, the fertilizer application is mainly carried out by foliar application, and after the ginkgo sprouts germinate, 0.1-0.5% of urea and 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer are used every 30 days, and the tree crown foliar spraying is carried out on the shade days or the morning and evening; dry fertilizer application is carried out after the first growing season is finished; strengthen the management of plant diseases and insect pests, clear up weeds in time.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the method adopts the method of oblique placement and root cutting transplantation for the first time, induces the ginkgo root to generate the prolapsed emulsion, improves the generation rate of the prolapsed emulsion of the ginkgo root, promotes the growth of the ginkgo seedling, and can improve the growth amount of the ginkgo seedling by more than 2 times compared with the growth amount of a normal plant.

(2) The ginkgo root prolapsed milk is used as a storage organ, contains nutrient substances such as starch, protein, fat and the like, can regenerate new stems and adventitious roots under strong stimulation, improves the incidence rate through artificial induction, and is beneficial to improving the growth speed of ginkgo seedlings and the adaptability to extreme environments.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of ginkgo seedlings before oblique transplanting; wherein, 1-1 is a schematic diagram of the main root breaking position.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of 45 degree oblique transplanting and main root breaking.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the generation of root prolapsed milk after oblique transplanting; wherein 3-1 is a schematic diagram of root growing prolapsed milk; 3-2 is a schematic diagram of the adventitious roots generated by the root growing prolapsed milk.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As introduced in the background art, the study on gingko root prolapsed milk is less at present, and based on the study, the application provides a novel method for inducing gingko root prolapsed milk to generate, which can promote gingko to generate root prolapsed milk, remarkably improve the incidence rate of root prolapsed milk, increase the seedling growth amount and improve the adaptability of gingko to the environment.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for inducing the ginkgo root to produce prolapsed milk is given as follows:

(1) selecting nursery stocks: and selecting 2-5 years old ginkgo seedlings which have good growth conditions, developed root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests as transplanting objects.

(2) Selecting seasons: transplanting selection is carried out after falling leaves in autumn and before soil freezing, or after soil thawing and before tree body germination.

(3) Pre-planting treatment: before transplanting, the seedlings can be slightly trimmed to a certain degree, and insect-infected branches, spindly or withered branches, cross branches and the like are cut off. Performing main root breaking treatment on the nursery stock with larger root systems 1-2 days before transplanting, namely reserving 15-20cm main roots and keeping side roots intact. The gingko is a strong positive tree species, and a growth direction mark is made before transplanting of a large seedling.

(4) Oblique transplanting: the nursery stocks with small seedling age can be transplanted with bare roots, and the nursery stocks with large seedling age need to be transplanted with soil balls. The planting holes are larger than the root systems of the seedlings, the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved by properly increasing the depth, and soil at the bottom of the holes is treaded down before the seedlings enter the planting holes. During bare root transplanting, the seedling roots are dipped in the slurry to stretch the roots, and the seedlings are obliquely placed to form an angle of about 45 degrees with the ground and have the same orientation as the growth direction of the seedlings before transplanting. When backfilling, firstly filling the mellow soil of the shallow soil layer, then filling the soil dug out of the deep soil layer, and treading the soil layer by layer to achieve tight inside and loose outside.

(5) Managing after planting: and (3) making a tree weir after planting, watering the tree weir for one time in time to ensure that the tree root is tightly connected with the soil and promote the growth of the root system, adding 200mg/L of ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and then irrigating and draining in combination with the water content of the soil and weather conditions. Wheat straws, rice straws and the like are used for wrapping seedling stems, and small seedlings are covered with sawdust and the like, so that the effects of keeping warm and preserving water are achieved. The new roots of the newly transplanted seedlings do not start to grow, the fertilizer application is mainly carried out by foliar application, and after the ginkgo sprouts germinate, 0.1-0.5% of urea and 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tree crowns in the shade or in the morning and evening. The dry application of the fertilizer is preferably carried out after the end of the first growing season. Strengthen the management of plant diseases and insect pests, clear up weeds in time.

In the method, the top end advantage of root growth is favorably broken through cutting off the main root, and the generation of a large number of lateral roots and adventitious roots is promoted; the length of the remained root of the main root is very critical, the excessive length of the remained root of the main root can inhibit the development of the lateral root, the excessive length of the remained root of the main root can not ensure the absorption of the nursery stock to nutrient substances, and both the excessive length and the insufficient length can cause the overlong seedling revival period after the ginkgo is transplanted; the main root is cut off and then transplanted, so that an external stimulation condition can be provided for the prolapsus, the original soil environment of the seedlings is changed, and the roots are stimulated to grow prolapsus, lateral roots and adventitious roots; the ginkgo biloba root prolapsed emulsion has the characteristic of directional growth, when the seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are obliquely placed, so that the contact area between the root prolapsed emulsion generation part (root-stem joint) and soil can be increased on one hand, and on the other hand, the seedlings are bent at the root-stem joint part due to the negative terrestrial growth of the underground part and the terrestrial growth of the overground part of the seedlings, so that the transportation of auxin and nutrient substances is blocked, slowed and accumulated at the root-stem joint part, and the generation of the root prolapsed emulsion is facilitated. In the method, the operations of root cutting, transplanting, inclined placement and the like are an organic whole, the operations supplement each other, and have a synergistic promotion effect.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

The test materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional in the art and are commercially available.

The examples and comparative examples of the invention were carried out in the experimental base of forestry of Shandong agriculture university, Taian, Shandong. The test object is a 3-year-old ginkgo seedling.

Example 1:

1. ginkgo seedling transplanting preparation work

Tool preparation: pruning shears, shovels, paint and straw ropes.

Selecting nursery stocks and cutting roots: 3-year-old ginkgo seedlings with good growth conditions, developed root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected for testing. Before transplanting, the seedlings are slightly treated, insect-infected branches, spindly branches or withered branches, cross branches and the like are cut off, and main root breaking treatment is carried out 1 day before transplanting, namely 15cm main roots are reserved, and lateral roots are well reserved.

2. Selection of transplanting time

Transplanting selection is carried out after falling leaves in autumn and before soil freezing, or after soil thawing and before tree body germination. In Taian area, the time for transplanting the seedlings in the application example is 25 days in 11 months from the middle and the last ten days of 11 months to the middle and the middle ten days of 12 months, or from the middle and the last 2 months of the next year to the middle and the middle 3 months.

3. Inclined transplanting technology

Because the ginkgo seedling age is small, bare root transplanting is adopted, the planting hole is larger than the seedling root system, and the hole bottom soil is treaded down before the seedling enters the planting hole. During transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in the slurry, so that the roots are stretched, the seedlings are obliquely placed, and form an angle of about 45 degrees with the ground, and the orientation of the seedlings is consistent with the growth direction of the seedlings before transplanting. When backfilling, firstly filling the mellow soil of the shallow soil layer, then filling the soil dug out of the deep soil layer, and treading the soil layer by layer to achieve tight inside and loose outside.

4. Post-transplant management

And (3) making a tree weir after planting, watering the tree weir for one time in time to ensure that the tree root is tightly connected with the soil and promote the growth of the root system, adding 200mg/L of ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and then irrigating and draining in combination with the water content of the soil and weather conditions. The seedling stem is wrapped by wheat straw, rice straw and the like, and the smaller seedling is covered by sawdust and the like. The new roots of the newly transplanted seedlings do not start to grow, the fertilizer application is mainly carried out by foliar fertilizer application, and after the ginkgo sprouts germinate, 0.3 percent of urea and 500 times of monopotassium phosphate liquid fertilizer are sprayed on the tree crowns and the leaf surfaces every 30 days or in the shade or in the morning and evening. The dry application of the fertilizer is preferably carried out after the end of the first growing season. Strengthen the management of plant diseases and insect pests, clear up weeds in time.

To better illustrate the effects of the present invention, the following comparative experiments were performed.

Comparative example 1:

1. selecting nursery stocks and cutting roots: 3-year-old ginkgo seedlings with good growth conditions, developed root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected for testing. Before transplanting, the seedlings are slightly treated, insect-infected branches, spindly branches or withered branches, cross branches and the like are cut off, and main root breaking treatment is carried out 1 day before transplanting, namely 15cm main roots are reserved, and lateral roots are well reserved.

2. Selection of transplanting time: the transplanting time is selected to be 11 months and 25 days.

3. Transplanting: adopting bare root transplanting, wherein the planting hole is larger than the root system of the seedling, and treading the soil at the bottom of the hole before the seedling enters the planting hole. During transplanting, the root of the seedling is dipped with slurry to stretch the root, and during backfilling, the soil should be filled with the mellow soil in the shallow layer, then the soil dug out in the deep layer is filled, and the seedling is compacted in the layer by layer to achieve tight inside and loose surface.

4. Managing after transplanting: the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 2:

1. selecting and treating seedlings: 3-year-old ginkgo seedlings with good growth conditions, developed root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected for testing. Before transplanting, the seedlings are slightly treated to remove insect-infected branches, overgrown branches, withered branches, cross branches and the like.

3. Transplanting: adopting bare root transplanting, wherein the planting hole is larger than the root system of the seedling, and treading the soil at the bottom of the hole before the seedling enters the planting hole. During transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in the slurry, so that the roots are stretched, the seedlings are obliquely placed, and form an angle of about 45 degrees with the ground, and the orientation of the seedlings is consistent with the growth direction of the seedlings before transplanting. When backfilling, firstly filling the mellow soil of the shallow soil layer, then filling the soil dug out of the deep soil layer, and treading the soil layer by layer to achieve tight inside and loose outside.

4. Managing after transplanting: the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 3:

3. Transplanting: adopting bare root transplanting, wherein the planting hole is larger than the root system of the seedling, and treading the soil at the bottom of the hole before the seedling enters the planting hole. During transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are dipped in the slurry, so that the roots stretch. When backfilling, firstly filling the mellow soil of the shallow soil layer, then filling the soil dug out of the deep soil layer, and treading the soil layer by layer to achieve tight inside and loose outside.

4. Managing after transplanting: the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 4:

3-year-old ginkgo seedlings with good growth conditions, developed root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected for testing. And (4) stumping the ginkgo seedlings in 25 days after 11 months, wherein the stumping treatment is implemented by truncating the seedlings 10cm away from the ground. After the stumping treatment, the management is carried out according to a conventional method.

The number of ginkgo seedlings in example 1 is the same as that in comparative examples 1-4, ginkgo seedlings without any treatment are used as blank control, seedlings are lifted after 1 year, and the incidence rate of root prolapsed milk of each group of seedlings, the number of prolapsed milk of each plant, the number of adventitious roots and the length of the adventitious roots are counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1:

group of	Incidence of root-induced prolapsed milk	Number of prolapsus per plant	Number of adventitious roots	Length of adventitious root
					Example 1	99.6％	2.35 of	4.56 strips	25.42cm
Comparative example 1	50.4％	1.42	3.50 strips	19.24cm
					Comparative example 2	38.6％	1.11 of	2.83 strips	17.56cm
Comparative example 3	41.5％	1.05 pieces of	3.18 strips	14.35cm
					Comparative example 4	64.2％	1.23	3.42 strips	16.84cm
Blank control	36.5％	0.64 of	1.86 pieces	4.18cm

As can be seen from table 1, when the method of the present invention is used to treat ginkgo seedlings, the incidence rate of root prolapsed milk, the number of prolapsed milk per plant, the number of adventitious roots, and the length of the ginkgo seedlings are significantly increased compared to other treatment methods.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for inducing ginkgo root to generate prolapsed breast is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting 2-5 years old ginkgo seedlings which have good growth conditions, developed root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests as transplanting objects;

(2) selecting seasons: transplanting selection is carried out after falling leaves in autumn and before soil freezing, or after soil thawing and before tree body germination;

(3) pre-planting treatment: slightly trimming the nursery stock before transplanting, and cutting off diseased and pest branches, spindly branches or withered and dead branches and cross branches; performing main root breaking treatment on the nursery stock with larger root systems 1-2 days before transplanting, namely reserving 15-20cm main roots and keeping lateral roots intact; making a growth direction mark before transplanting the larger nursery stock;

(4) oblique transplanting: transplanting the nursery stock with small seedling age with bare roots, and transplanting the nursery stock with large seedling age with soil balls; the planting holes are larger than the root systems of the seedlings, and soil at the bottoms of the holes is treaded down before the seedlings enter the planting holes; the root of the nursery stock is dipped with slurry during bare root transplantation to stretch the root; the nursery stock is obliquely placed, forms an angle of 45 degrees with the ground, and the orientation of the nursery stock is consistent with the growth direction of the nursery stock before transplanting; when backfilling, firstly filling the mellow soil of the shallow soil layer, then filling the soil dug out of the deep soil layer, and treading the soil layer by layer to achieve internal tightness and external tightness;

(5) managing after planting: after planting, making a tree weir, watering root fixing water for one time in time to ensure that the tree root is tightly connected with the soil and promote the development of the root system, adding 200mg/L of ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and then irrigating and draining in combination with the water content of the soil and weather conditions; wheat straws and rice straws are used for wrapping seedling stems, and smaller seedlings are covered with sawdust, so that the effects of keeping warm and preserving water are achieved; the newly transplanted seedling new roots do not start to grow, the fertilizer application is mainly carried out by foliar application, and after the ginkgo sprouts germinate, 0.1-0.5% of urea and 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer are sprayed on the tree crowns and the leaf surfaces every 30 days; dry fertilizer application is carried out after the first growing season is finished; strengthen the management of plant diseases and insect pests, clear up weeds in time.