CN108157117B - Method for promoting generation of gingko redrying - Google Patents
Method for promoting generation of gingko redrying Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157117B CN108157117B CN201810051660.0A CN201810051660A CN108157117B CN 108157117 B CN108157117 B CN 108157117B CN 201810051660 A CN201810051660 A CN 201810051660A CN 108157117 B CN108157117 B CN 108157117B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting the generation of gingko redrying, which comprises the following steps: stumping the ginkgo seedling 5-8cm away from the ground, transplanting immediately after stumping, cutting off the main root of the ginkgo seedling, leaving the main root with the root length of 15-20cm, keeping the fibrous root intact, and planting in time. The method can obviously improve the occurrence rate of the stem restoration of the ginkgo seedlings and the number of the stem restoration of a single plant, and is used for meeting the requirements of the rejuvenation, seedling culture, leaf picking garden management, improvement of adaptability and the like of the ginkgo.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree growth, development and propagation, in particular to a method for promoting generation of gingko redrying.
Background
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.) is the oldest wiggery plant in existing seed plants, is one of the most exotic tree species in woody plants, is different from other gymnosperms, and a common phenomenon of the individual development of Ginkgo biloba from young seedlings to thousand-year-old trees is redrying and clustering. The re-stem originates from the fixed latent bud above the stem root transition area, finally germinates to form the re-stem, is a part of the individual development, has obvious anti-juvenile characteristics, and has the growth speed far exceeding that of the mother stem. The stem of the redried tree is strong and upright, and the generation of the redried tree is promoted by adopting a certain mode, so that the nursery stock can be rejuvenated, and the quality and the economic value of the ginkgo nursery stock are improved.
Although the multiple trunks are located at the junction of the rootstocks, the multiple trunks do not belong to the rootstocks and belong to the category of 'stem-growing branches'. The root of the redrying root is carved in early spring to promote the rooting of underground stem, after the complete seedling is grown, the seedling is divided and planted, or the cutting is used for cutting seedling, so that a nuclear high-yield garden and a leaf picking garden which grow vigorously can be built. With the time being prolonged, the mother stems are aged gradually, the redrying stems can grow with the mother stems, and finally the phenomenon of son locking mother or redrying stem clustering is formed to lead the gingko not to be dead, which is a way for prolonging the life of the gingko individual, and the phenomenon of redrying stems to lead the individual to be anti-young is the main reason of strong adaptability of the gingko. In a natural state, the 1-year-old ginkgo seedlings hardly have the phenomenon of redrying and clustering, and the seedlings in more than 2 years have the phenomenon of redrying and clustering until millennium old ginkgo trees, but in the natural state, the generation of redrying of the ginkgo is slow, and the occurrence rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for promoting the generation of gingko redrying. The method can obviously improve the occurrence rate of the stem restoration of the ginkgo seedlings and the number of the stem restoration of a single plant, and is used for meeting the requirements of the rejuvenation, seedling culture, leaf picking garden management, improvement of adaptability and the like of the ginkgo.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for promoting the generation of gingko redrying comprises the following steps:
stumping the ginkgo seedling 5-8cm away from the ground, transplanting immediately after stumping, cutting off the main root of the ginkgo seedling, leaving the main root with the root length of 15-20cm, keeping the fibrous root intact, and planting in time.
In the method, the stumping treatment method comprises the following steps: cutting off the trunk of the ginkgo seedling to form a parallel cut, reserving 2-3 buds below the cut, and wrapping the cut by a plastic film.
In the method, the planting method comprises the following steps: dipping the tree roots with the slurry to spread the fibrous roots, loosening the soil around the main roots, wherein the depth, the length and the width of each planting hole are 70-80cm, and after the seedlings are planted in the holes, filling the soil while treading down to make the soil in the holes tight and loose.
In the method, the seedling age of the ginkgo seedlings is 3-5 years.
In the method, the stumping and transplanting time is after the ginkgo seedling leaves fall; preferably, the ginkgo leaves are completely fallen to the beginning of spring, namely from the beginning of 12 months to the beginning of 2 months in the next year.
The method further comprises the following steps: and managing after transplanting.
The management after the transplanting comprises the following steps: watering thoroughly 1 time after transplanting, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder, and covering semen Ginkgo with wheat straw, rice straw or sawdust; and after sprouting sprouts around the stump cut in the spring of the next year, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for stumping and cutting root and transplanting the ginkgo seedlings can obtain a large amount of strong and fast-growing redrying. The drying rate of 3-5 year seedlings in a natural state is 27.9%, and the average drying number of each plant is 2.17; the seedling tree trunk restoring rate after being treated by the method is 100 percent, the average trunk restoring number of each plant is 8.5, and the trunk restoring rate and the single-plant trunk restoring number after being treated are obviously higher than those of seedlings in the same seedling age. The height of the re-drying can reach 1-2m in the year, the ground diameter can reach 1-2 cm, the effect of rejuvenating the original seedlings can be achieved, and the adaptability of the ginkgo is obviously improved.
(2) The method for processing ginkgo seedlings by adopting the stumping and root cutting transplanting method can obtain a large amount of redrying, the anti-young characteristic of the redrying increases the flavone and lactone contents of ginkgo leaves, and the quantity of the single leaf is obviously increased compared with that of the seedling, thereby having important significance for the operation of leaf picking gardens.
(3) The method for stumping and cutting root and transplanting the ginkgo seedlings can be used for treating a large amount of redrying, can be used for seedling cultivation by plant division, and can quickly cultivate a batch of seedlings which are strong in growth, less in plant diseases and insect pests and good in dry type.
In conclusion, the method for treating the ginkgo seedlings has the advantages of extremely high occurrence rate of redrying, good effect, high growth speed of redrying, simple and convenient operation and low cost, and improves the value of the seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic diagram before stumping and transplanting; in the figure, 1-1 is a schematic view of a trunk cutting position, and 1-2 is a schematic view of a main root breaking position;
FIG. 2: stumping and cutting off the main root schematic diagram;
FIG. 3: the growth of the trunk after stumping, root cutting and transplanting.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background, in the natural state, the generation of the redrying of ginkgo is slow and the occurrence rate is low. Based on the situation, the invention aims to provide a method for promoting the generation of gingko redrying.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method for promoting the occurrence of gingko redrying is given as follows:
(1) stumping and transplanting objects: selecting ginkgo seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as the objects of stumping transplantation.
(2) Selection of a stumping transplanting season: stumping and transplanting can be carried out after ginkgo seedlings fall off leaves, but the optimal time is the time from complete ginkgo leaf falling to the beginning of spring festival, namely 12 months to 2 months in the next year.
(3) Stumping and transplanting the seedlings: the trunk is cut at a position 5-8cm away from the ground to form a parallel and level cut, 2-3 buds below the cut are kept, and the cut is wrapped by a plastic film. Transplanting is carried out immediately after stumping, bare-root transplanting can be adopted for gingko with small seedling age, namely transplanting without soil is carried out, main roots are cut off, the length of the main roots is 15-20cm, fibrous roots are kept intact, timely field planting is achieved, mud is dipped at tree roots during field planting, the fibrous roots are spread, loose soil is placed around the main roots, and the depth, the length and the width of planting pits are 70-80 cm. When the seedlings are planted in the pits, the seedlings are filled and treaded down, so that the soil in the pits is tight and loose.
(4) Managing after transplanting: no matter planting in cloudy or sunny days, watering the ginkgo biloba root fixing water for 1 time in time to ensure that the root system is tightly connected with the soil and promote the growth of the root system, adding 200mg/L of ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and covering the ginkgo biloba with wheat straws, rice straws, sawdust and the like. In the next spring, different numbers of sprouts can sprout around the stumping cut, so that the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds and the like are removed in time.
In the method, the seedling age of the ginkgo seedlings subjected to stumping transplantation is proper, and if the seedling age is too small, the redrying can be frozen or the growth height cannot reach the standard; if the seedling is too old, the wound after stumping cannot be healed. Comprehensively considering, the invention selects the ginkgo seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years as the objects of stumping transplantation.
The height of the stumping is very important for promoting the generation of the redrying of the gingkoes, and the stumping height is too high, the growth potential of the main stem is too strong, and the generation and the growth of the redrying can be inhibited; the stumping height is too low, so that the retained buds at the root-stem junction are too few, and the generation and development of redrying are not facilitated; improper stubble height can affect the incidence of redrying and morphological development thereof. Through a plurality of experimental researches, the invention discovers that the stumping height is most suitable for being 5-8cm away from the ground, and the generation and morphological development of the redrying of the gingkoes can be best promoted.
The stumping inevitably influences the balance of the growth of the overground part and the underground part of the ginkgo, so that the root cutting and transplanting are carried out immediately after the stumping, and the influence of the condition on the growth of the ginkgo can be relieved to a certain extent.
When the roots are cut and transplanted, the main roots with too long residual roots can inhibit the development of lateral roots, and if the main roots with too short residual roots are too short, the seedlings can not absorb nutrient substances, and both the main roots and the seedlings can cause too long seedling revival period after the gingko is transplanted. The invention carries out optimization investigation on the length of the remained root of the main root, and the result shows that when the length of the remained root of the main root is 15-20cm during ginkgo root cutting and transplanting, the growth of the lateral root can not be inhibited, and meanwhile, the nutrient absorption of the nursery stock can be ensured.
The invention utilizes the characteristic of strong sprouting capacity of the ginkgo to stump the main stem from the base part and simultaneously carry out root cutting and transplanting to stimulate the ginkgo to promote the sprouting thereof to generate a large amount of redrying, the redrying growth speed is high, the adaptability is strong, and the value of the nursery stock is improved.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional in the art and are commercially available.
The examples and comparative examples of the present invention were conducted in the Ginkgo biloba germplasm resource garden of Shandong agriculture university of Taian, Shandong province. The test object is a ginkgo seedling with basically consistent growth vigor and growing for 3-5 years.
Example 1:
1. preparation work for stumping and transplanting ginkgo seedlings
Tool preparation: pruning shears, heavy pruning shears, and shovels.
Selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as objects for stumping transplantation, and marking.
2. Selection of stumping and transplanting time
Stumping and transplanting can be carried out after the ginkgo seedlings fall off leaves, but the optimal stumping time is the period from the complete leaf falling of the ginkgo to the early spring season, namely from 12 months to 2 months in the next year. In Taian Shandong, the optimal stumping time is 12 months, the stumping time in the middle 12 months is provided in the embodiment, and the seedling is transplanted immediately after stumping.
3. Seedling stumping
Stumping the nursery stock marked in the nursery garden, cutting off the trunk at a position 5-8cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, and keeping 2-3 buds below the cut. Pruning the nursery stock with the diameter of less than 1cm by using pruning shears, treating the nursery stock with the diameter of more than 1cm by using strong pruning shears, and wrapping the cut by using a plastic film.
4. Transplanting nursery stock
Because the ginkgo seedlings selected in the test are small in age, bare root transplanting is adopted, main roots are cut off, the roots left around the ginkgo seedlings are 15-20cm long, fibrous roots are kept intact, field planting is achieved in time, slurry is dipped on tree roots during field planting, the fibrous roots are spread, loose soil is placed around the main roots, and the depth, the length and the width of planting pits reach 70-80 cm. When the seedlings are planted in the pits, the seedlings are filled and treaded down, so that the soil in the pits is tight and loose.
5. Post-transplant management
After transplanting, watering thoroughly 1 time to ensure the root system to be sealed with soil, promoting root system development, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and covering with wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, etc. In the next spring, a large number of sprouts germinate around the stumping cut, so that the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
To better illustrate the effects of the present invention, the following comparative experiments were performed.
Comparative example 1:
1. selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as test objects, and marking.
2. Selection of stubble cutting time: in Taian Shandong, the optimal stumping time is 12 months, and the stumping time of the comparative example is 12 middle months.
3. Seedling stumping
Stumping the marked nursery stock in the nursery garden, cutting off the trunk at a position 2-3 cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, and paying attention to the fact that 2-3 buds below the cut are reserved. Pruning the nursery stock with the ground diameter of less than 1cm by using pruning shears, and processing the nursery stock with the ground diameter of more than 1cm by using strong pruning shears.
4. Post-stumping management
Irrigation is carried out immediately after stumping, and the influence of transpiration on stumping seedlings is reduced. In spring of the next year, when the drought is less rain and the evaporation capacity is large, reasonable irrigation is needed in time, and after sprouts sprout around the stump cut, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
Comparative example 2:
1. selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as test objects, and marking.
2. Selection of stubble cutting time: in Taian Shandong, the optimal stumping time is 12 months, and the stumping time of the comparative example is 12 middle months.
3. Seedling stumping:
stumping the marked nursery stock in the nursery garden, cutting off the trunk at a position 9-12 cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, and keeping 2-3 buds below the cut. Pruning the nursery stock with the ground diameter of less than 1cm by using pruning shears, and processing the nursery stock with the ground diameter of more than 1cm by using strong pruning shears.
4. Managing after stumping:
irrigation is carried out immediately after stumping, and the influence of transpiration on stumping seedlings is reduced. In spring of the next year, when the drought is less rain and the evaporation capacity is large, reasonable irrigation is needed in time, and after sprouts sprout around the stump cut, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
Comparative example 3:
1. selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as objects for stumping transplantation, and marking.
2. Selection of stumping and transplanting time: in Taian Shandong, the optimal stumping time is 12 months, the stumping time of the comparative example is 12 middle-of-month, and the transplanting is carried out 1-2 days after the stumping.
3. Seedling stumping:
stumping the nursery stock marked in the nursery garden, cutting off the trunk at a position 5-8cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, and keeping 2-3 buds below the cut. Pruning the nursery stock with the diameter of less than 1cm by using pruning shears, treating the nursery stock with the diameter of more than 1cm by using strong pruning shears, and wrapping the cut by using a plastic film.
4. Transplanting the seedlings:
because the ginkgo seedlings selected in the test are small in age, bare root transplanting is adopted, main roots are cut off, the roots left around the ginkgo seedlings are 15-20cm long, fibrous roots are kept intact, field planting is achieved in time, slurry is dipped on tree roots during field planting, the fibrous roots are spread, loose soil is placed around the main roots, and the depth, the length and the width of planting pits reach 70-80 cm. When the seedlings are planted in the pits, the seedlings are filled and treaded down, so that the soil in the pits is tight and loose.
5. Managing after transplanting:
after transplanting, watering thoroughly 1 time to ensure the root system to be sealed with soil, promoting root system development, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and covering with wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, etc. In the next spring, a large number of sprouts germinate around the stumping cut, so that the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
Comparative example 4:
1. selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as objects for stumping transplantation, and marking.
2. Selection of stumping and transplanting time: in Taian Shandong, the optimal stumping time is 12 months, the stumping time of the comparative example is 12 middle-of-month, and the seedling is transplanted immediately after stumping.
3. Seedling stumping:
stumping the nursery stock marked in the nursery garden, cutting off the trunk at a position 5-8cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, and keeping 2-3 buds below the cut. Pruning the nursery stock with the diameter of less than 1cm by using pruning shears, treating the nursery stock with the diameter of more than 1cm by using strong pruning shears, and wrapping the cut by using a plastic film.
4. Transplanting the seedlings:
because the ginkgo seedlings selected in the test are small in age, bare root transplanting is adopted, main roots are cut off, the roots left around the ginkgo seedlings are 8-12 cm long, fibrous roots are kept intact, field planting is achieved in time, slurry is dipped on tree roots during field planting, the fibrous roots are spread, loose soil is placed around the main roots, and the depth, the length and the width of planting pits reach 70-80 cm. When the seedlings are planted in the pits, the seedlings are filled and treaded down, so that the soil in the pits is tight and loose.
5. Managing after transplanting:
after transplanting, watering thoroughly 1 time to ensure the root system to be sealed with soil, promoting root system development, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and covering with wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, etc. In the next spring, a large number of sprouts germinate around the stumping cut, so that the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
Comparative example 5:
1. selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as objects for stumping transplantation, and marking.
2. Selection of stumping and transplanting time: in Taian Shandong, the optimal stumping time is 12 months, the stumping time of the comparative example is 12 middle-of-month, and the seedling is transplanted immediately after stumping.
3. Seedling stumping:
stumping the nursery stock marked in the nursery garden, cutting off the trunk at a position 5-8cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, and keeping 2-3 buds below the cut. Pruning the nursery stock with the diameter of less than 1cm by using pruning shears, treating the nursery stock with the diameter of more than 1cm by using strong pruning shears, and wrapping the cut by using a plastic film.
4. Transplanting the seedlings:
because the ginkgo seedlings selected in the test are small in age, bare root transplanting is adopted, main roots are cut off, the roots left around the ginkgo seedlings are 22-24 cm long, fibrous roots are kept intact, field planting is achieved in time, slurry is dipped on tree roots during field planting, the fibrous roots are spread, loose soil is placed around the main roots, and the depth, the length and the width of planting pits reach 70-80 cm. When the seedlings are planted in the pits, the seedlings are filled and treaded down, so that the soil in the pits is tight and loose.
5. Managing after transplanting:
after transplanting, watering thoroughly 1 time to ensure the root system to be sealed with soil, promoting root system development, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and covering with wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, etc. In the next spring, a large number of sprouts germinate around the stumping cut, so that the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
Comparative example 6:
1. selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years in a nursery as transplanting objects, and marking.
2. Selection of transplanting time: 12 in mid-month.
3. Transplanting the seedlings:
because the ginkgo seedlings selected in the test are small in age, bare root transplanting is adopted, main roots are cut off, the roots left around the ginkgo seedlings are 15-20cm long, fibrous roots are kept intact, field planting is achieved in time, slurry is dipped on tree roots during field planting, the fibrous roots are spread, loose soil is placed around the main roots, and the depth, the length and the width of planting pits reach 70-80 cm. When the seedlings are planted in the pits, the seedlings are filled and treaded down, so that the soil in the pits is tight and loose.
4. Managing after transplanting:
after transplanting, watering thoroughly 1 time to ensure the root system to be sealed with soil, promoting root system development, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder in combination with watering, and covering with wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, etc. In the next spring, a large number of sprouts germinate around the stumping cut, so that the fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time.
The number of ginkgo seedlings in the example 1 is the same as that in the comparative examples 1 to 6, and the occurrence rate of the trunk restoration of each group of seedlings, the number of the trunk restoration of a single plant, the current year height of the trunk restoration and the ground diameter are counted. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
| group of | Incidence of redrying | Number of stem recovered from single plant | Height of the year after the first year | Ground diameter |
| Example 1 | 100％ | 8.5 of | 1～2m | 1～2cm |
| Comparative example 1 | 74％ | 4.5 of | 60～90cm | 0.5～0.8cm |
| Comparative example 2 | 71％ | 4.8 of | 70～100cm | 0.4～0.7cm |
| Comparative example 3 | 84％ | 6.2 of | 90～140cm | 0.6～1.2cm |
| Comparative example 4 | 79％ | 5.8 of | 80～120cm | 0.6～1.0cm |
| Comparative example 5 | 83％ | 6.5 of | 70～110cm | 0.7～1.1cm |
| Comparative example 6 | 62％ | 3.8 of | 50～90cm | 0.3～0.5cm |
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. A method for promoting the generation of gingko redrying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting nursery stocks: selecting strong ginkgo seedlings with the seedling age of 3-5 years as objects for stumping and transplanting;
(2) selection of stumping and transplanting time: the stumping time is 12 middle ten days of the month, and the seedlings are immediately transplanted after stumping;
(3) seedling stumping:
cutting off the trunk of the ginkgo seedling at a position 5-8cm away from the ground to form a parallel cut, reserving 2-3 buds below the cut, and wrapping the cut by using a plastic film;
(4) transplanting the seedlings:
transplanting immediately after stumping, adopting bare root transplanting, cutting off main roots, keeping the roots at the periphery for 15-20cm long, keeping the fibrous roots intact, and planting in time, dipping slurry on tree roots during planting to enable the fibrous roots to stretch, loosening soil at the periphery of the main roots, wherein the depth, the length and the width of planting pits reach 70-80 cm; filling and treading the nursery stock after the nursery stock is put into the pit, so that the soil in the pit is tight and loose on the surface;
(5) managing after transplanting:
watering thoroughly 1 time after transplanting, adding 200mg/L ABT rooting powder, and covering semen Ginkgo with wheat straw, rice straw or sawdust; after sprouting around the stump cut in the spring of the next year, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and weeds are removed in time;
the seedling tree treated by the method has the drying rate of 100 percent, the average drying number of each plant is 8.5, the height of the drying in the current year reaches 1-2m, and the ground diameter reaches 1-2 m.
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