CN1126672C - 胶粘屏板的脱卸方法 - Google Patents

胶粘屏板的脱卸方法 Download PDF

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CN1126672C
CN1126672C CN95196674A CN95196674A CN1126672C CN 1126672 C CN1126672 C CN 1126672C CN 95196674 A CN95196674 A CN 95196674A CN 95196674 A CN95196674 A CN 95196674A CN 1126672 C CN1126672 C CN 1126672C
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windshield
shirking
energy
framework
screen board
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N·R·莱杰
C·戴维斯
R·M·克莱蒙
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Luxemburg Auto Glass Co Ltd - Zug Branch
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Abstract

一种由均一的粘结材料胶粘至框架上的、如车用风挡玻璃的屏板脱卸方法，所述方法首先在屏板的邻近处设置一能量传递装置；及将能量从该能量传递装置传递至包括屏板在内的整个材料；由此，通过使包括所述均一粘结材料在内的材料降解；及/或使包括屏板在内的材料分解和裂解的方式，使屏板从框架上有效脱卸。所述能量传递装置可以是超声波或激光辐射装置，且，最好是集中设置于一预定区域，以增强屏板脱卸效果。

Description

胶粘屏板的脱卸方法
本发明涉及一种用于将屏板从其胶粘的支持结构或框架上脱卸(脱离)的脱卸方法。具体地说，本发明涉及一种使玻璃板或玻璃屏板(例如，车用风挡玻璃)从框架上脱离的脱卸方法，所述的玻璃板或玻璃屏板是由一内夹的粘结材料胶粘至框架上。
由于汽车车辆等的交通事故或人为的破坏行为等原因，汽车上胶粘的风挡玻璃须经常更换。目前，在风挡玻璃和其支持框架之间的胶粘连接通常是使用手动或例如锐角刀片、“cheese wire”技术等的机械手段来进行脱卸。这些已知技术的使用有时会损坏车辆(特别是，损坏车辆的主体车架和其内部嵌边车框)，而这种损坏所造成的修理的费用是很昂贵的。再有，上述已知技术的脱卸操作在其进行之时也易对操作人员造成意外的伤害。
另一种可使胶粘的屏板从其支持框架上脱卸的胶粘连接方法公布于CA-A-2073092上，在该文献中，一个可加热的分离件紧固于或嵌置于一粘结剂的珠状接缝(adhesive bead)中。其中，所述公开的可加热密封件(sealingmember)被加热至一定温度，在该温度下，该密封件被破坏，或者对所述紧固件失去粘结力。所述文献公开的内容强调：在所述分离件失去其粘结性或被破坏的温度下，上述粘结剂的珠状接缝并未被破坏。
上述CA-A-2073092所提方案中的问题是：该方法需要一个相对复杂的粘结接缝(complex jont)，该复合粘结包括分散的可加热部件及不连续的胶粘珠状接缝(bonding bead)，当在加热所述加热部件时，所述不连续的胶粘珠状接缝实质上并未受加热的影响。所述方案的另一个缺点是，目前，用于更换车用风挡玻璃的商业市场基本上被限制于现正使用的车辆上，而这些车辆的大多数在所述屏板和框架的接触面之间使用一种聚合物粘结材料的单一、均一的珠状接缝，将屏板胶粘至框架上。该粘结材料的均一程度可达这样的程度，以至使该粘结材料成为一种整体均一的胶粘组合物。由此，所述均一的粘结材料有时可以包括实质上均一地分散于整个粘结材料中的填充剂和其它特别的添加剂材料，
现在，本发明人发明了一种经改进的脱卸胶粘屏板的方法。所述方法系一种将屏板从其籍内夹均一粘结材料而粘结的框架上脱卸下来的方法，
所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)邻接屏板设置能量传递装置；及
(b)将能量从所述的能量传递装置传递至包括屏板在内的整个材料；由此，
(i)使包括所述均一粘结材料在内的材料降解；及/或
(ii)使包括屏板在内的材料分裂和分解，由此，使屏板从框架上脱离。
对广义的本发明的实施来说，屏板必须具有一定程度的透明度，这样，能量可传递透过该屏板，以使屏板可从支持框架上脱离。
然而，本发明特别适用于脱卸(或更换)车用风挡玻璃，这些风挡玻璃通常是被胶粘、并覆盖住整个支持框架。在这一方面，所述屏板材料通常包括一可透过可见光线的透明材料(例如，玻璃)。所述均一粘结材料理想的是包括一可挠曲的聚合物材料(更好的是橡胶或弹性体材料，例如，聚氨酯)，所述材料通常提供了一延伸于屏板四周缘的均一珠状接缝，该胶粘珠状接缝夹于所述屏板和框架之间。所述均一的粘结材料几乎是专用于现代汽车风挡玻璃的装配技术中。
为使屏板从支持框架上作有效的机械脱卸，较好的是采用均一粘结材料的热降解，更好的是，采用使最邻接于屏板的材料主体部分热降解的方法。所述均一粘结材料的降解也可是光解，或是一种光化学降解。在经降解和脱卸之后，所述均一粘结材料的剩余部分(基本上为未降解的)则仍粘结在框架上。所述粘结材料包括有机合成的聚合物材料，降解时，热解反应可能使所述材料碳化。
能量传递装置邻接设置于屏板胶粘于框架的部位(通常是所述屏板的周缘)。然后，将能量通过屏板传递至夹在则部位屏板及支持框架之间的粘结材料上，使能量传递至整个屏板。
较好的是，能量传递装置的设置可使波能仅传递至该屏板上某限定的局部区域。波能可以是电磁波，如光，或振动/声波。光能量以脉冲型为宜。
在一个实施例中，较好的是，能量传递装置包括激光传递装置，以将激光辐射传递通过屏板，使屏板和框架脱离。
较好的是，设置的激光传递装置可传递其波长在可见光/近红外线区域光谱的激光辐射，如，其波长基本上在1000nm或更短范围的激光辐射。或者，该激光辐射传递可以在光谱的紫外线区内的辐射传递。
较好的是，激光能量传递装置的定向可使激光辐射传递至粘结材料，并由该粘结材料所吸收；该吸收层邻接胶粘风挡玻璃和框架的粘结材料。
更好的是，如上所述，所述激光能量传递装置定位取向于一最邻近于屏板的特殊部位(或一理论层)。
激光辐射可聚焦于一预定的部位。更好的是，所述的激光辐射为一连续波，并可以较高的强度/能量作辐射传递，以获得一有效的、所述粘结材料的特殊定位区域的降解(热解或其它)，从而，其对屏板部分的损伤可达最小，且可残留有未降解的粘结材料部分。
当能量传递装置包括超声波传递装置时，较好的是对该超声波转换器施加电能，以产生具有足够强度的超声波能量，脱卸屏板。所述的超声波能量最好是聚焦(或集中)于一预定的、与风挡玻璃保持一定间隔的区域(部位)，或集中于该风挡玻璃表面。超声波能量可由所述粘结材料的热降解，及/或由包括屏板在内的材料的分裂，使屏板的脱卸有效地进行。另外，超声波能量也可籍其它方法，例如，在粘结材料/屏板的界面引入不同的诱导应力的方法，有效地脱卸屏板。可以确信：使用超声波能量以从其胶粘的框架上脱卸屏板的方法本身就是新颖的和具有创造性的。
不论是使用激光、超声波或其它能量。理想的是，能量定位并集中。
理想的是，所述能量传递装置邻接置于屏板的第一面，该屏板以其第二个相应的面胶粘至支持架。
优选的是，所述能量传递装置设置有一调节机构，以调节由该能量传递装置传递的波能的频率或强度。
屏板通常为玻璃，并可包括一玻璃/塑料层压屏板结构。
本发明特别适用于车用风挡玻璃的修理或更换时的脱卸；但是，它也适用于其它用途，例如，胶粘在建筑框架上的建筑用板面或玻璃屏板(窗户)的脱卸。
以下，仅以实施例形式，参照附图，具体地进一步说明本发明。附图中，
图1所示为根据本发明的第一个实施例方法的示意图；及
图2所示为根据本发明的另一个方法的示意图。
首先，参照图1及2，图中显示了包括由中间塑料层4间隔的一对玻璃板片2，3的车用层压风挡玻璃1。风挡玻璃1籍其内夹的、延伸于所述风挡玻璃1周缘的均一橡胶胶粘珠状接缝6，被胶粘至一车用风挡玻璃框架5上。胶粘珠状接缝6包括一热塑粘结剂材料，该粘结剂材料用作使用于风挡玻璃1内表面的粘性熔体，然后，将该风挡玻璃1固定于框架5上。当所述的珠状接缝6硬化后，将该风挡玻璃紧紧地胶粘至框架5上。风挡玻璃1内表面上提供有一覆住外周面的紫外线阻挡层，该阻挡层包括一用于阻挡穿越风挡玻璃并照射于珠状接缝6上的紫外线辐射的屏蔽涂层15。不过，该屏蔽涂层又反过来影响胶粘的完整性。一个外侧的橡胶密封圈7和内侧的车用嵌边框架8用于该风挡玻璃/框架5的连接，以分别用作防风雨和装饰目的。
为了从框架5上除去风挡玻璃，激光传递装置9可按下述方法使用。所述激光传递装置包括一将激光辐射从一能源(图中未示)导引至一辐射头11的波导管10。所述的辐射头11邻接置于风挡玻璃1的周缘，以将激光定向辐射通过风挡玻璃1。辐射头11包括一光束导管12及一滑动开关13。
激光辐射的连续波从辐射头11定向通过一风挡玻璃1的定位部分，照射在胶粘珠状接缝6上。该激光辐射在可见光和电磁光谱近红外线区域，被紧位于风挡玻璃1之下该位置的胶粘珠状接缝6所吸收。只有则部分紧置于风挡玻璃1的胶粘珠状接缝6的温度急剧升高。急剧的升温导致紧置于风挡玻璃1下的胶粘珠状接缝6受热降解，同时，留下一层粘结于框架的剩余底层/部分。
或者，所述激光辐射可集中或聚焦，以加热风挡玻璃1紧置于胶粘珠状接缝6的部分，该加热导致邻接于屏蔽涂层15的玻璃碎裂/分解或分裂，使胶粘珠状接缝6从风挡玻璃的其余部分脱卸。
辐射头11被引导(自动或手动)围绕风挡玻璃的整个周缘，作激光辐射，该激光辐射的激活保证了整个周缘上的风挡玻璃的脱卸。然后，可将风挡玻璃1从框架5上方便地提起，修刮均一接缝6的剩余部分表面，加工，软化，以备更换欲装配的风挡玻璃。在使用激光传递系统之前，可先将密缝条7除去。
具有下述参数的激光传递装置适用于本发明的实施。
波长        820nm
波源        60瓦
波束截面    18mm×4mm
以上给出的参数只是举例，也可使用其它的激光传递装置以提供足够导致所需的分解、及/或碎裂的能量传递。
作为根据本发明的激光传递系统的变化更换，也可使用其它能量传递装置。参照图2，图中显示了利用超声波能源实施本发明的设备。超声压电陶瓷转换器20与风挡玻璃1的板片2的表面接触而置，该风挡玻璃初以耦合剂处理(图中未示)，以增大其从转换器20传递至风挡玻璃1的玻璃板片2上的能量部分。连接至一电能供应装置21的转换器20产生超声声波能量，并将超声波传送通过风挡玻璃1。这样，胶粘珠状接缝6的橡胶材料即可籍由玻璃板片3材料的分裂被除去，也可由与风挡玻璃1接触的胶粘珠状接缝6部分的热降解或由发生于该接缝6/风挡玻璃1的内表面上的超声波振动产生的脱卸而除去。
上述脱卸或除去可由使用其强度足够高的超声波，以在玻璃中，在玻璃/橡胶的界面或在胶粘珠状接缝自身中产生高机械应力。而且，声波、超声波的能量可由一聚焦元件(图中未示)及/或一合适的转换结构或转换层装置的使用，在该转换器20的接触表面上集中以产生增强效果。转换器20被引导环绕风挡玻璃的整个周缘(即可以手动，也可更好地以自动方式)移动，并辐射能量，以保证屏板从其所围覆的框架上完全脱卸。

Claims (16)

1.一种粘结屏板的脱卸方法，所述粘结屏板系建筑用或车用风挡玻璃，所述方法系将所述风挡玻璃从籍其内夹均一的粘结材料而胶粘的框架上脱卸下来，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)邻接风挡玻璃设置光或超声波能量传递装置；及
(b)使光或超声波能量从所述能量传递装置传递至包括风挡玻璃在内的整个材料；由此，
(i)使包括所述均一粘结材料在内的材料降解；及/或
(ii)使包括风挡玻璃在内的材料分裂或降解，
由此，使风挡玻璃从支持框架上脱卸。
2.如权利要求1所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，仅粘结材料的部分被降解，所述均一粘结材料的剩余部分保持未降解的状态，或保持粘结于风挡玻璃上或框架上。
3.如权利要求2所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述均一粘结材料的剩余部分仍粘结在框架上。
4.如权利要求1所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述粘结材料以一延伸于风挡玻璃四周缘的均一珠状接缝状提供，所述能量传递装置邻接置于该风挡玻璃的周缘部，以限定该风挡玻璃部分脱卸的部位，并沿该风挡玻璃周缘移动，由此完成所述风挡玻璃的脱卸。
5.如权利要求1所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，其中，所述的光能量传递装置的设置使其聚焦于一预定区域。
6.如权利要求1所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述光能量为脉冲型能量。
7.如权利要求1所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述光能量传递装置包括激光能量传递装置。
8.如权利要求1-7之任一项所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述光能量传递装置的设置用以传递其波长在紫外线、可见光或近红外线光谱的光能量。
9.如权利要求1-7之任一项所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述激光传递装置的设置用以传递其波长基本上在1000nm范围或更短的光能量。
10.如权利要求1-7之任一项所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述光能量传递装置的定向使光能量辐射传递至、并由该包括风挡玻璃在内的吸收层材料所吸收；该吸收层邻接于胶粘风挡玻璃和框架的粘结材料。
11.如权利要求1-7之任一项所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述光能量传递装置聚焦于一预定部位。
12.如权利要求1-5之任一项所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，超声波传递装置聚焦或集中于一预定的、与风挡玻璃保持一定间隔的部位，或是集中于该风挡玻璃表面。
13.如权利要求1-7之任一项所述的脱卸方法，其特征在于，所述光能量传递装置可调节，以改变传递光能量的波长和强度。
14.一种在支持框架上更换建筑用或车用风挡玻璃的方法，所述方法包括，根据如上所述任一项权利要求所述的方法，从框架上脱卸风挡玻璃，然后，在框架上更换不同的风挡玻璃，接着将该风挡玻璃固定于框架上。
15.一种用于从支持框架上脱卸屏板的装置，所述屏板为建筑用或车用风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述装置包括可邻接置于风挡玻璃的光或超声波能量传递装置，该能量传递装置可将能量通过风挡玻璃的一确定部位传递，以从框架上脱卸屏板。
16.如权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的装置可围绕沿着屏板的周缘移动，以完全脱卸屏板。
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