CN1126643A - 制造互锁金属零件的方法 - Google Patents

制造互锁金属零件的方法 Download PDF

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CN1126643A
CN1126643A CN95109397A CN95109397A CN1126643A CN 1126643 A CN1126643 A CN 1126643A CN 95109397 A CN95109397 A CN 95109397A CN 95109397 A CN95109397 A CN 95109397A CN 1126643 A CN1126643 A CN 1126643A
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N·阿诺尔德
B·海因
G·赛波尔德
M·哈格
B·普洛赫
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Fischerwerke Artur Fischer GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0221—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising S or a sulfur compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve
    • F16B13/063—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander
    • F16B13/065—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander fastened by extracting the screw, nail or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F2005/103—Cavity made by removal of insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/75—Fasteners made by sintering powders

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制造在压力下彼此贴着滑动的互锁金属零件的方法，其中，至少一个金属零件是由粉末金属注射模法制成的，为改进滑动性及使约束趋势最小，将有分子晶格结构的非金属材料以粉末状或颗粒状与由粉末注射模法制造的金属零件的粉末金属相混，该非金属材料对金属呈惰性且有至少900℃的热稳定性。特别是坚硬的陶瓷材料或填充剂是合用的材料。

Description

制造互锁金属零件的方法
本发明涉及一种制造在压力下彼此滑动的互锁金属零件的方法，特别是制造含有膨胀套和膨胀体并可通过由膨胀体在膨胀套中轴向移动而锚固的固体件的方法，其中，至少一个金属件由粉末注射模法制成。
在压力下彼此滑动的金属零件特别是可在采用膨胀金属固定塞的固定技术中找到，该金属固定塞通常包括一个膨胀套一个可推或拉入膨胀套中使后者锚固的膨胀体。假如出于防腐的原因，在锚固期间彼此滑动的可膨胀金属固定塞的这两个零件是由有奥氏体晶体结构的相同的不锈钢制成，则在锚固过程中在高的膨胀压力下彼此滑动的这二个表面开始结合，该膨胀固定塞的作用由于该结合作用而大大削弱了，特别是，这种固定塞不适用于受张力的部位，因为由于裂纹形成的结果造成的钻孔的扩大不能得以补偿，因为该种固定塞缺乏随后膨胀的能力。
由于如上的原因，通常在采用奥氏体钢的膨胀金属固定塞的情况下，用不同晶体结构的钢来制造这些零件。然而，由于这些零件只能大量制造和供应，因此，这种可能性在大多数情况下是不实用的。另外，能非常可靠地减少结合趋势的钢的足够均布的晶体结构也得不到。
为避免奥氏体钢加工的困难，特别是用粉末金属注射模法(MM法)来制造套形零件是众所周知的。为此目的，粉末金属与同样呈粉末状的所希望的合金填加剂混合并借助有机聚合粘结剂(蜡，塑料)在加热的搅拌机中予以增塑然后颗粒化。因此可用惯常的注射模机来处理。与塑材注射模具相似结构的注射模具可用作模具。
将注射模形体(予型件)放入粘结剂消除炉中以消除粘结剂。在粘结剂去除过程中，粘结剂的分子链因热分解或化学分解而断裂，同时进行金属形体的予烧结，其可付予形体足够的稳定性。在以真空或在保护气体下进行的烧结过程中，金属注射模制零件获得其最后的材料特性和形状。因此，采用此方法，可以用小量的不同的钢及制造出成品。
本发明的目的是要使相互啮合的金属零件由于其作用的结果而在压力下彼此滑动时产生的结合趋势减少。
本目的是通过下述的方法步骤达到的，该方法是一种制造在压力下彼此贴着滑动的互锁金属零件的方法，特别是制造含有膨胀套和膨胀体并可通过膨胀体在膨胀套中的轴向移动而锚固的固定件的方法，其中，至少一个金属件由粉末注射模法制成，其特征在于，具有分子晶格结构的非金属材料以粉末状或颗粒状与将由粉末注射模法制造的金属零件的粉末金属混合，该非金属材料对金属呈惰性且有至少在900℃下的热稳定性。
由于该非金属材料与粉末金属混合且对其呈惰性，所以该材料的各个分子或分子团聚集在由MIM方法制造的金属零件的晶体结构内几个品格点上或在其各晶界处，其结果，二种晶体结构稍有不同的材料并列，这会使二个零件彼此滑动时结合的趋势减小，这当然是所希望的。已证明，坚硬的陶瓷材料，例如硫酸钡(BaSO4)或二氧化钛(TiO2)是特别适合作为与粉末金属混合的这类材料。
将作为这种非金属材料的填充剂，最好是C60填充剂与粉末金属混合可得到相似的效果。C60的球状碳分子可产生润滑层，其在金属零件表面上有特有利的滑动特性。
滑动特性会因混合材料的重量比不同而不同。0.01～1‰的重量比对于填充剂的填加是合适的。对于坚硬的陶瓷材料，较高的重量比是有利的。
通过在彼此独立的制造工艺中制造二个零件，然后在一组装过程中再将它们组合起来的方式，使得二个互锁的金属零件的制造成为可能。然而，为省掉该组装过程，也可以这样制造该些互锁零件，即在注模方法中先将一塑材隔离层注射在一个零件上，随后利用粉末注模法将另一零件注射在该隔离层上，隔离层的厚度至少相当于该另一零件的收缩量，在注射后，于粘结剂去除及烧结过程中将该隔离层和粘结剂消除。
现参照实施例更详细地介绍本发明方法。
图1示出用于将隔离层注射于用作插入件的金属螺栓上的模体的基本外形；
图2示出用于将第二金属件注射在该隔离层上的模体；
图3示出在粘结剂去除及烧结过程后带有合用的膨胀套的金属螺栓。
图1，2，3以示意图的形式示意地展示了制造采用例如膨胀固定器的二个互锁金属件的方法步骤。由惯常方法或由粉末金属注射模法制造的并置于模体1中的金属螺栓2有一缩小部分3，一膨胀锥体4与该缩小部份3相连。
为将塑性材料的隔离层5施加在该缩小部份3上，模体有一围绕该缩小部份的空腔6。该空腔6在第一模注作业期间通过注射道7来填充。在将带有隔离层5的螺栓2插入注射模8(见图2)以后，将混有粘结剂的粉末金属混合物通过注射道10注入空腔9中。例如可在所要制造的固定件的示于图3的成品状态下产生所需滑动特性的坚硬的陶瓷材料或填料之类的非金属材料在一单独的作业中已混有粉未金属材料。在将该粉末混合物注射后，便可得到以膨胀套11的形式在螺栓2的缩小部份3上的又一零件的互锁结构。随后进行粘结剂去除及烧结工艺，在此过程中，粘结剂和隔离层都去除掉。由隔离层5的厚度所产生的自由空间允许在粘结剂去除及烧结作业中出现的膨胀套11的收缩。在所示实施例中的隔离层5的厚度的尺寸设定得在膨胀套11和螺栓2的缩小部份3之间可有允许轴向位移的自由度。可在套11上设有一个或多个纵向缝隙12，使得当将膨胀锥体4打入膨胀套11时可实现膨胀。
当将固定件锚固于结构件时，则会由绕着膨胀套的结构件的材料在膨胀过程中施以压力，特别是在两种相同的钢结合的情况下，该压力会导致两表面彼此相贴的滑动受到约束。由于在用粉末金属模注法制造的零件中所加入的非金属物质，则该金属零件有晶状结构，该晶状结构会导致有利的滑动特性。因此，本发明方法特别适合于以举例方式示于图3的固定件2，其中，由于在膨胀体3和膨胀套11之间的轴向位移的结果则可实现膨胀作用。

Claims (6)

1.一种制造在压力下彼此贴着滑动的互锁金属零件的方法，特别是制造含有膨胀套和膨胀体并可通过膨胀体在膨胀套中的轴向移动而锚固的固定件的方法，其中，至少一个金属件由粉末注射模法制成，其特征在于，具有分子晶格结构的非金属材料以粉末状或颗粒状与将由粉末注射模法制造的金属零件的粉末金属混合，该非金属材料对金属呈惰性且有至少在900℃下的热稳定性。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，坚硬的陶瓷材料，例如硫酸钡(BaSO4)或二氧化钛(TiO2)是与粉末金属相混的材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，填充剂最好是C60填充剂是与粉末金属相混的材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在粉末金属中非金属材料的重量比是0.01～100‰。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在粉末金属中填充剂的重量比是0.01～1‰。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用注射模法将塑料的隔离层(5)加在零件(2)上，随后用粉末注射模法将另一零件(11)注射在该隔离层(5)上，该隔离层的厚度至少相当于该另一零件(11)收缩量，在注射模法作业之后，在粘结剂去除及烧结过程中将该隔离层和粘结剂消除。
CN95109397A 1994-08-25 1995-08-25 制造互锁金属零件的方法 Pending CN1126643A (zh)

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CN104117678A (zh) * 2014-08-11 2014-10-29 长沙学院 一种生产微尺寸铰接零件的粉末注射成形工艺
CN105618765A (zh) * 2016-01-06 2016-06-01 曲靖中铭科技有限公司 一种mim注塑坯与金属制品的共同烧结成型工艺

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CN102424946A (zh) * 2011-12-06 2012-04-25 湖南大学 喷射沉积制备中空盘件的方法
CN104117678A (zh) * 2014-08-11 2014-10-29 长沙学院 一种生产微尺寸铰接零件的粉末注射成形工艺
CN105618765A (zh) * 2016-01-06 2016-06-01 曲靖中铭科技有限公司 一种mim注塑坯与金属制品的共同烧结成型工艺
CN105618765B (zh) * 2016-01-06 2017-11-24 曲靖中铭科技有限公司 一种mim注塑坯与金属制品的共同烧结成型工艺

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SK104795A3 (en) 1996-03-06
HUT72281A (en) 1996-04-29
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DE4430130A1 (de) 1996-02-29
NO953342D0 (no) 1995-08-24
ATE203193T1 (de) 2001-08-15
EP0703029A1 (de) 1996-03-27
HU9502316D0 (en) 1995-09-28
NO953342L (no) 1996-02-26
JPH0867903A (ja) 1996-03-12
CZ218895A3 (en) 1996-03-13
RU2100146C1 (ru) 1997-12-27
KR960007064A (ko) 1996-03-22
ES2161253T3 (es) 2001-12-01
PL310103A1 (en) 1996-03-04
DE59509420D1 (de) 2001-08-23
EP0703029B1 (de) 2001-07-18

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