CN112236812A - 音频增强听力保护系统 - Google Patents

音频增强听力保护系统 Download PDF

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CN112236812A
CN112236812A CN201980035526.4A CN201980035526A CN112236812A CN 112236812 A CN112236812 A CN 112236812A CN 201980035526 A CN201980035526 A CN 201980035526A CN 112236812 A CN112236812 A CN 112236812A
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noise reduction
audio
audio signal
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R·J·科普特
约瑟夫三世·G·布特拉
罗伯特三世·J·萨默斯
M·哈普斯特
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Bongiovi Acoustics LLC
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Abstract

一种由用户佩戴的音频增强听力保护系统，包括具有主降噪单元和副降噪单元的环境降噪组件。音频增强听力保护系统还包括音频输入组件，该音频输入组件具有用于接收原始环境音频信号的一个或多个环境麦克风。在将原始音频信号传输给用户之前，经由数字信号处理组件将原始音频信号转换为经处理的音频信号。音频增强听力保护系统还包括音频输出组件，该音频输出组件具有用于向用户传送经处理的音频信号的至少一个扬声器。

Description

音频增强听力保护系统
背景技术
优先权要求
本申请要求先前提交的、2019年4月11日提交的具有序列号第16/381,659号的美国专利申请的优先权，其要求临时专利申请，即，2018年4月11日提交的具有序列号第62/656,150号的临时专利申请的优先权，这些申请的全部内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
发明领域
音频增强听力保护系统包括：环境降噪组件，用于显著减小用户经受的环境噪声的水平；音频输入组件，包括一个或多个环境麦克风以将听觉景观再现给用户；数字信号处理组件，用于在向用户传送经处理的音频信号之前变换原始音频信号。
背景技术
在某些行业和娱乐活动中，人们可能处于暴露于极高水平的连续环境噪声的环境中。环境噪声可以超过120分贝(dB)或更高的持续水平。高噪声水平的仅几个示例包括：改装车(stock car)赛车事件、机场、采矿操作、以及在大型舞台或体育场中的音乐会，这里仅举几个例子。对于在此类环境中的人而言，在没有一些形式的听力保护的情况下，持续暴露于极高水平的环境噪声可导致严重的听力损失，这在一些情况下可能是永久性的。不幸的是，听力保护常常使佩戴者在此类高噪声水平环境中难以或不可能与其他人进行沟通。此外，听觉保护设备还通过阻挡或严重限制到达佩戴者耳朵的环境音频信号来严重降低态势感知。
在听力保护设备的现有技术的缺点中，用于捕获环境音频信号以用于为用户再现外部世界声音的(多个)麦克风往往不是特定高噪声水平环境的听觉景观的逼真表示。这部分是由于以下事实：频率响应受到很大影响并且非常不自然，例如，环境声音的方向性受限或不存在，尤其是在区分前后和/或上下方面。在大部分现有技术设备中还存在内置的硬限制器，每当出现响亮的瞬态声音时，该硬限制器就切断所有的声音。
克服前述问题的一个尝试包括具有电子语音通信的电子听力辅助设备以及用于以更安全的噪声水平重新引入环境声音的安装在外部的麦克风组件。然而，此类设备的现有技术远非完美。
由现有技术听力保护设备呈现出的另一显著缺点是语音通信信号往往被严重滤波并失真，使得接收语音通信的人常常难以理解。
现有技术听力保护设备往往仅由入耳式耳塞或耳机或外部耳罩组成。不幸的是，这些设备中和这些设备本身都不总是提供足够的听力保护。然而，同时佩戴现有技术入耳式耳罩和外部耳罩两者，尽管增加了整体听力保护，但是严重降低了通信质量和环境感知。
因此，提供真实地重现用户所在的特定高噪声水平环境的听觉景观的音频增强听力保护系统将是非常有益的。提供包括降噪组件的音频增强听力保护系统将是进一步有利的，该降噪组件提供对周围环境噪声水平的显著降低，即，50dB或更多。这样的降噪组件可包括主降噪单元和副降噪单元两者。可以通过提供包括语音通信接收器的音频增强听力保护系统来实现另一优点，该语音通信接收器用于拾取来自用户的语音通信音频信号。可以通过提供具有数字信号处理组件的音频增强听力保护系统来实现又另一优点，该数字信号处理组件增加传送到用户的语音通信的话音清晰度水平。
发明内容
本发明涉及音频增强听力保护系统。在一个实施例中，音频增强听力保护系统包括环境降噪组件，该环境降噪组件包括至少一个主降噪单元。在另一实施例中，环境降噪组件还包括副降噪单元，并且在又一进一步实施例中，环境降噪组件包括与至少一个副降噪单元互连的至少一个主降噪单元，使得环境降噪组件能够显著地降低到达患者耳朵的环境噪声水平。
根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统还包括音频输入组件，该音频输入组件包括一个或多个环境麦克风，该一个或多个环境麦克风定位成便于从围绕用户的听觉景观接收环境音频信号。在至少一个进一步实施例中，根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的一个或多个环境麦克风安装在麦克风歧管中，其中麦克风歧管被构造成至少部分地模仿人耳以机械地对所述环境音频信号进行滤波。
数字信号处理组件包括在根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的至少一个实施例中。数字信号处理组件包括数字处理器以将环境音频信号转换为经处理的音频信号。在至少一个实施例中，数字处理器将极响亮的环境声音限制到对于用户的安全水平，而不损失或使环境声音本身失真(artifacting)。
根据本发明的至少一个实施例的音频增强听力保护系统还包括音频输出组件，该音频输出组件包括一个或多个扬声器以向用户传送经处理的音频信号。
根据本发明，来自数字信号处理组件的经处理的音频信号可以与任意数量的不同方法组合，以允许本系统有效地用于具有高水平环境噪声的各种环境中的任一者。
在一个实施例中，本音频增强听力保护系统为用户提供水平控制，使用该水平控制可以持续地调整在环境音频信号和语音通信音频信号之间的混合。
在另一实施例中，可以通过使用瞬时开关来接通环境音频信号以允许在高水平周围噪声环境中与其他人通信的按键通话类型的特征。在这样的实施例中，语音通信信号可以始终开启，而环境音频信号被静音。
在一个进一步实施例中，环境音频信号和语音通信音频信号两者都被激活，但是数字处理器被编程有用于环境音频信号的自动静音和解除静音的阈值。
在又另一实施例中，语音通信音频信号可以与设计用于携带娱乐(诸如音乐)的附加的有线或无线音频信号相结合，或由该附加的有线或无线音频信号替代。在这样的实施例中，数字信号处理组件被编程用于多个模式，以便为语音通信音频信号提供话音清晰度或为包括娱乐的音频信号提供数字音频增强。如果音频信号保持在分开的信道中，则可以针对它们各自的预期目的通过数字信号处理组件来分开地处理它们。
当考虑到本发明的附图以及详细描述时，本发明的这些目的、特征和优点以及其它目的、特征和优点会变得更加清楚。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明的性质，应当参考结合附图进行的以下详细描述，其中：
图1是根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的一个说明性实施例的正视图。
图2是根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的一部分的外部透视图。
图3是根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的一部分的局部内部透视图。
图4是根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的一部分的分解透视图。
图5是根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统的数字信号处理组件的一个说明性实施例的示意图。
贯穿附图的若干视图，相同的参考号指代相同的部件。
优选实施例的具体实施方式
如上所述，本发明涉及一种音频增强听力保护系统，通常如贯穿附图的10处所示的。图1的说明性实施例呈现了根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统10的正视图。如从图1可以看出，音频增强听力保护系统10包括环境降噪组件20。如图1的说明性实施例中进一步示出的，环境降噪组件20包括一对主降噪单元22，该一对主降噪单元22各自对应于用户耳朵中的一只耳朵。图1中还示出了支撑构件23，在至少一个实施例中，该支撑构件23将主降噪单元22彼此连接。支撑构件23进一步促进将本音频增强听力保护系统10设置成相对于用户的头部和耳朵的操作取向。
根据本发明的每个主降噪单元22被构造成围绕用户耳朵中对应的一个耳朵，以显著降低到达用户耳朵的环境噪声水平。在至少一个实施例中，主降噪单元22包括密封件22’。如在图3的说明性实施例中可以最好地看出的，密封件22’包括圆周构造，使得当音频增强听力保护系统10设置成相对于用户耳朵的操作取向时，主降噪单元22的密封件22’可定位在用户的外耳上并且定位在相对于用户的外耳的完全包围的取向上。根据本发明的至少一个实施例，以操作取向设置在用户耳朵上的主降噪单元22将使到达用户耳朵的环境噪声水平降低至少30分贝(dB)。
根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统10的至少一个实施例，环境降噪组件20进一步包括至少一个副降噪单元24。参考图3和图4的说明性实施例，环境降噪组件20包括经由互连26互连到对应的主降噪单元22的至少一个副降噪单元24。在至少一个实施例中，副降噪单元24包括被构造成插入到用户耳道的开口中的耳塞。如本领域技术人员将理解的，耳塞可由包括泡沫、硅树脂、凝胶等的各种柔韧材料中的任一者构成，使得耳塞基本上符合用户耳道的开口并完全密封用户耳道的开口。
继续参考图3和图4的说明性实施例，副降噪单元24经由可调节互连27与对应的主降噪单元22互连。更具体地，在至少一个实施例中，可调节互连27包括卷绕卷轴(take-upreel)，当主降噪单元22设置在用户耳朵上的操作位置中时，互连26缩回到该卷绕卷轴上。在至少一个实施例中，可调节互连27包括附接到主降噪单元22的内部部分的棘轮卷绕卷轴。在一个其他实施例中，可调节互连27包括附接到主降噪单元22的内部部分的弹簧加载的卷绕卷轴。因此，可以将副降噪单元24经由互连26从主降噪单元22向外延伸，以便于将副降噪单元26(即，耳塞)插入到用户耳道的开口中。
一旦副降噪单元24适当地定位成用户耳道的开口中的操作取向中，互连26就缩回到可调节互连27的卷绕卷轴上，同时对应的主降噪单元22可操作地定位在用户外耳之上和周围。凭借可调节互连27，互连26完全保持在主降噪单元22的内部内，由此消除对密封件22’的干扰，如本领域技术人员将理解的，该干扰可能妨碍主降噪单元22提供最大水平的降噪。进一步，设置在可调节互连27的卷绕线轴周围的互连26避免简单地将互连26在主降噪单元22内部聚成一团，因此增强了佩戴本音频增强听力保护系统10的舒适性。
根据本发明的至少一个实施例，以操作取向设置在用户耳道的开口中的副降噪单元24将使到达用户耳朵的环境噪声水平降低至少20分贝(dB)。此外，当环境降噪组件20的主降噪单元22和副降噪单元24以它们相应的操作取向设置在用户上时，到达用户耳朵的环境噪声水平被显著降低至少50dB。
再次参考图1的说明性实施例，根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统10还包括音频输入组件30。根据本发明的音频输入组件30包括至少一个环境麦克风32。在至少一个实施例中，并且如图1所示，音频输入组件30包括多个环境麦克风32。如图1中进一步示出的，根据本发明的音频输入组件30包括安装在麦克风歧管34中的环境麦克风32，该麦克风歧管34安装到每个主降噪单元22。如可从图1和图2看出的，在至少一个实施例中，环境麦克风32被安装到每个主降噪单元22，使得环境麦克风32在佩戴本音频增强听力保护系统10的用户正在看的方向上面向前方。当一对环境麦克风32被容纳在以双耳配置安装到环境降噪组件20的相应的麦克风歧管34中时，诸如在图1的说明性实施例中以示例的方式示出的，本发明的音频输入组件30将在相对于用户头部的任何方向上提供最小20度的分辨率。
根据本发明的一个实施例，麦克风歧管34被构造成至少部分地模仿人耳。因此，根据本发明的麦克风歧管34用于机械地滤波环境音频信号33，由此允许环境音频信号33的逼真再现，这至少部分地包括用户发现自身所处的环境的听觉景观。
根据本发明的至少一个实施例中，音频输入组件30进一步包括至少一个语音通信接收器36。如本领域技术人员将理解的，语音通信接收器36可包括硬接线配置，例如，嵌入式(in-line)麦克风，诸如通常结合到硬接线耳机和耳塞中的嵌入式麦克风。在至少一个进一步实施例中，语音通信接收器36可包括无线音频接收器，作为示例，该无线音频接收器可包括支持蓝牙的音频接收器。如可从图1和图2的说明性实施例看出，音频输入组件30包括安装到主降噪单元22的至少一个语音通信接收器36。
根据本发明的音频增强听力保护系统10进一步包括从音频输入组件30接收原始音频信号42的数字信号处理组件40。如从上文将理解的，原始音频信号输入42可包括由音频输入组件30的环境麦克风32捕获的环境音频信号33。在至少一个实施例中，在将由环境麦克风32捕获的环境音频信号33发送到数字信号处理组件40之前，通过前置放大器35处理该环境音频信号33。替代地，原始音频信号输入42可包括由音频输入组件30的语音通信接收器36捕获的语音通信音频信号37。在一个进一步实施例中，原始音频信号42可包括环境音频信号33和语音通信音频信号37两者。
参考图5的说明性实施例，如上所述，数字信号处理组件40接收原始音频信号42，该原始音频信号42可包括环境音频信号33、语音通信音频信号37、或两者的结合。在至少一个实施例中，根据本发明的数字信号处理组件40包括放大器44，用于在处理之前增强原始音频信号42的幅度，以及用于驱动一个或多个扬声器52，如下面进一步讨论的。进一步看向图5的说明性实施例，数字信号处理组件40进一步包括数字处理器46。根据本发明的至少一个实施例，数字处理器接收放大的原始音频信号42’，并且将放大的原始音频信号42’转换成经处理的音频信号48，以经由音频输出组件50传输到用户耳朵，如下文所述。
可以以多种方式中的任一种来编程根据本发明的数字信号处理组件40。在一个示例中，从一个或多个环境麦克风32获得的环境音频信号33可以如美国专利第8,160.274号中描述的那样进行处理，该专利涉及用于数字信号处理的系统和方法。根据用于数字信号处理的前述方法来处理环境音频信号33创建经处理的音频信号48，该经处理的音频信号48具有允许现实世界声学环境的自然和逼真表示的优越频率响应控制。另外，前述方法使得能够将极响亮的瞬态声音限制到安全水平，而没有任何损失或没有向其他环境声音添加失真。作为示例，如果在说话的人附近开枪，枪声将被限制到安全水平，而此人的语音被处理为保持在一致的水平。作为以此方式利用数字信号处理组件30的结果，本发明的环境降噪组件20用作有源降噪组件20。在至少一个进一步实施例中，数字处理器46是编程器，以基于输入的原始音频信号42生成噪声消除信号，由此将环境降噪组件20转换为有源“噪声消除”降噪组件20。
当从如上文描述的安装在麦克风歧管34中的环境麦克风32获得环境音频信号33时，用于数字信号处理的前述方法尤其有效。更具体地，可以处理从安装在麦克风歧管34中的环境麦克风32获得的原始音频信号42，以便在听觉景观的所有轴上实现环境声音的方向性的完美重现。
对于语音通信音频信号37，可以如涉及用于窄带数字信号处理的系统和方法的美国专利第9.264.004号中描述的那样或如涉及用于数字信号处理的系统和方法的美国专利第8.160.274号中描述的那样处理信号37，因为两者都能够有效地且可测量地增加人类话音的清晰度。
如前所述，根据本发明，可以经由数字信号处理组件40以任意数量的不同方式将原始音频信号42转换为经处理的音频信号48，允许在具有高水平环境噪声的各种环境中的任一者中有效地使用本音频增强听力保护系统10。更具体地，根据本发明的数字信号处理组件40被编程为从语音通信信号37提供增加的话音清晰度，并将输入的环境音频信号33转换为经处理的音频信号48，该经处理的音频信号48向用户耳朵产生外部世界中的听觉景观的自然、逼真重现。
在一个实施例中，本音频增强听力保护系统10的数字处理器46包括水平控制，可以使用该水平控制来连续地调节在环境音频信号33与语音通信音频信号37之间的混合，以优化传输到用户的经处理的音频信号48。
在另一实施例中，可以暂时接通环境音频信号33以允许在高水平周围噪声环境中与其他人通信的按键通话类型的特征。在这样的实施例中，语音通信信号37可以始终开启，而环境音频信号33被静音，直到被接通为止。
在一个进一步实施例中，环境音频信号33和语音通信音频信号37两者都被激活，但是数字处理器46被编程有用于环境音频信号33的自动静音和解除静音的阈值。
在又另一实施例中，语音通信音频信号37可以与设计用于携带娱乐(诸如音乐)的附加的有线或无线音频信号相结合，或由该附加的有线或无线音频信号替代。在这样的实施例中，数字信号处理组件40被编程用于多个模式，以便为语音通信音频信号37提供话音清晰度或为包括娱乐的音频信号提供数字音频增强。如果音频信号保持在分开的信道中，则可以针对它们各自的预期目的通过数字信号处理组件40来分开地处理它们。
如前所述，根据本公开的音频增强听力保护系统10进一步包括音频输出组件50，以允许将经处理的音频信号48从数字信号处理组件40发送到用户耳朵。根据本发明的音频输出组件50包括至少一个扬声器以将经处理的音频信号48发送到用户耳朵。参考图3和图4的说明性实施例，音频输出组件50包括至少一个扬声器52，该扬声器52安装到副降噪单元24(诸如，仅作为示例，柔韧耳塞)中。在至少一个实施例中，音频输出组件50包括一对扬声器52，每个扬声器52安装到对应与用户耳朵中的每个耳朵的不同副降噪单元24中。
互连26包括导线连接或由导线连接组成，以便于将经处理的音频信号48从数字信号处理组件40传输到扬声器52。在至少一个实施例中，扬声器52包括无线音频扬声器52，再次作为示例，该无线音频扬声器52可包括支持蓝牙的音频扬声器52。
由于可以对本发明的所描述的实施例做出细节上的许多修改、变化和改变，因此前面描述中的以及附图中示出的所有事项旨在被解释为是说明性的而不是具有限制性意义的。因此，本发明的范围应当由所附权利要求书及其法律等效物来确定。

Claims (30)

1.一种由用户佩戴的音频增强听力保护系统包括：
环境降噪组件，
音频输入组件，所述音频输入组件包括至少一个环境麦克风以接收环境音频信号，
数字信号处理组件，所述数字信号处理组件包括数字处理器以转换所述环境音频信号，以及
音频输出组件，所述音频输出组件包括至少一个扬声器以向所述用户传送经处理的音频信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件包括至少一个主降噪单元。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件包括至少一个副降噪单元。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，所述副降噪单元与所述主降噪单元互连。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述互连包括可调节的互连。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述音频输入组件进一步包括至少一个麦克风歧管。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个环境麦克风被容纳在所述至少一个麦克风歧管中。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述麦克风歧管被构造成至少部分地模仿人耳以机械地对所述环境音频信号进行滤波。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括一对环境麦克风。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述一对环境麦克风中的每一者被容纳在不同的对应麦克风歧管中。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述一对麦克风歧管以双耳配置安装到所述环境降噪组件。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述音频输入组件在相对于用户头部的任何方向上提供最小20度的分辨率。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述数字处理器进一步配置成将原始音频信号转换为所述经处理的音频信号。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述原始音频信号包括所述环境音频信号。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述音频输入组件包括前置放大器。
16.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件是无源的。
17.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件是有源的。
18.一种由用户佩戴的音频增强听力保护系统，包括：
环境降噪组件，所述环境降噪组件包括主降噪单元和副降噪单元，
音频输入组件，所述音频输入组件包括多个环境麦克风以接收环境音频信号，
数字信号处理组件，以及
音频输出组件，所述音频输出组件包括至少一个扬声器以传送经处理的音频信号。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述副降噪单元经由可调节的互连与所述主降噪单元互连。
20.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件被配置成将环境噪声水平降低至少50分贝。
21.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述主降噪单元被配置成将环境噪声水平降低至少30分贝。
22.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述副降噪单元被配置成将环境噪声水平降低至少20分贝。
23.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件是无源的。
24.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件是有源的。
25.一种由用户佩戴的音频增强听力保护系统，包括：
环境降噪组件，包括通过支撑构件彼此连接以便于由用户佩戴的一对主降噪单元，
一对副降噪单元，所述对的副降噪单元各自与所述一对主降噪单元中的不同的一者可调节地互连，
音频输入组件，包括多个环境麦克风以接收环境音频信号，所述多个环境麦克风中的每一者安装到所述一对主降噪单元中的不同的一者。
数字信号处理组件，包括数字处理器以将所述环境音频信号转换为经处理的音频信号，其中所述数字处理器将极响亮的环境声音限制到对于用户的安全水平，而不损失或使环境声音本身失真，以及
音频输出组件，所述音频输出组件包括多个扬声器以向所述用户传送所述经处理的音频信号。
26.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，所述音频输入组件进一步包括至少一个语音通信接收器以从所述用户接收多个语音通信音频信号。
27.如权利要求26所述的系统，其特征在于，所述数字处理器进一步配置成将所述多个语音通信音频信号转换为多个经处理的音频信号，其中所述数字处理器增加语音通信的话音清晰度。
28.如权利要求25所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件被配置成将环境噪声水平降低至少50分贝。
29.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件是无源的。
30.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环境降噪组件是有源的。
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