CN111296366B

CN111296366B - Industrial earthworm cultivation method in open air environment

Info

Publication number: CN111296366B
Application number: CN202010235112.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李双喜; 吕卫光; 陶晓斌; 张惠兰; 郑宪清; 张娟琴; 张翰林; 白娜玲; 张海韵
Original assignee: SHANGHAI YINGXI FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVES; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: SHANGHAI YINGXI FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVES; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-03-30
Filing date: 2020-03-30
Publication date: 2021-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-30
Also published as: CN111296366A

Abstract

The invention provides an industrial earthworm cultivation method in an open-air environment, which is characterized in that furrows and ridges are formed in farmland in the open-air environment, at least one mesh bag is arranged in each inter-ridge furrow, a mixture of soil and earthworm cultivation materials is filled in the mesh bag, and the earthworm cultivation materials are put in the mesh bag for cultivation after earthworm seedlings are put in the mesh bag. The industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open-air environment has the advantages of high yield, high benefit, convenience in harvesting, high purity (earthworms cannot be hybridized naturally), low earthworm escape rate and the like in farmlands in the open-air environment.

Description

Industrial earthworm cultivation method in open air environment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and relates to an industrial earthworm cultivation method in an open-air environment.

Background

Earthworm is also known as earthworm, a terrestrial invertebrate of the oligochaeta of Annelida. At present, more than 3000 kinds of earthworms exist in the world, and more than 200 kinds of earthworms exist in China. The earthworms include, as lumbricus, Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier), Pheretima vulgaris Chen, Pheretima giganteum-leimi (Michaelsen), and Pheretima pectificans pictoria Michaelsen.

The earthworm is rich in nutrition, has high artificial breeding yield, and can be used as high-protein food and feed. Meanwhile, the earthworms are cold in nature and salty in taste, and can clear heat and relieve convulsion, dredge collaterals, relieve asthma and promote urination; has effects in lowering blood pressure, relieving cough, tranquilizing mind, relieving fever, resisting cancer, and enhancing immunity; it can be used for treating hyperpyrexia, unconsciousness, epilepsy, dermatoses, cough and asthma due to lung heat, burn, scald, bronchial asthma, and hypertension. At present, the application of the earthworms in clinic is accepted by extensive researchers, and the development and research of the earthworms as medicines can obtain great economic value and benefit all mankind.

Furthermore, earthworms can decompose organic substances by taking, digesting, excreting (earthworm feces), excreting (mucus), digging holes and other activities, create good conditions for the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms, play a special role in material circulation, biodiversity and other aspects, contribute to the material circulation and energy transfer in the soil process, are one of soil invertebrate groups (mainly earthworms, mites and ants) which have important influence on a plurality of processes determining the soil fertility, and are called "ecosystem engineers". Earthworms are currently used in many countries to treat domestic waste, organic waste and to purify sewage.

The traditional breeding method of the earthworms comprises a basin breeding method, a box basket breeding method, a pond breeding method, an earth ditch breeding method, a garbage breeding method, a ground trough breeding method, a rack breeding method and the like. Songdahu proposed a method for breeding earthworms in the earth ditches (civil soldiers in the southwest, 1997,36), but could not solve the problem of purity reduction of the earthworms caused by hybridization of medicinal earthworm species and other earthworm species, and could not guarantee the earthworm capture efficiency. The defects of the traditional earthworm breeding method are mainly reflected in that: (1) the purity of earthworm species (especially medicinal earthworms) cannot be guaranteed; (2) the earthworm breeding yield difference is large, for example, the traditional red earthworms (Daping No. two and the like) have high yield but relatively low medicinal value, and the yield and the quality of the earthworms cannot be guaranteed by adopting a basin breeding method and a box basket breeding method; (3) the traditional method has low earthworm capture efficiency, wastes time and labor; (4) the earthworms (especially the medicinal earthworms) are very sensitive to environmental factors, the traditional culture method breaks away from the natural growth environment of the earthworms, the uncontrollable growth of the earthworms has too many influencing factors, and the defects of low earthworm yield, high death rate and the like exist.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for industrially breeding earthworms in an open air environment, which solves the problem of the prior art that there is no method for breeding earthworms with high yield, high efficiency, convenient harvesting, high purity (earthworms do not cross naturally) and low escape rate in a farmland in an open air environment.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for industrially breeding earthworms in an open-air environment, comprising the steps of ditching and ridging farmlands in the open-air environment, arranging at least one mesh bag in each inter-ridge ditch, filling a mixture of soil and earthworm breeding materials in the mesh bag, and then putting earthworm breeding materials in the mesh bag for breeding.

Preferably, in the mixture of the soil and the earthworm cultivation material, the mass ratio of the soil to the earthworm cultivation material is 100: 8-15. More preferably, in the mixture of the soil and the earthworm cultivation material, the mass ratio of the soil to the earthworm cultivation material is 100: 9-12.

Preferably, the mixture of the soil and the earthworm cultivation material needs to be moisturized by adding water before being filled into the mesh bag.

More preferably, the moisture of the soil after being moisturized by adding water is 60-70%.

Preferably, the moisture of the soil in the field is 45-55%.

Preferably, the distance between adjacent ridges is 3.5-4.5 m.

Preferably, the number of the inter-ridge ditches is 3-5 per mu. The area per mu is calculated according to the length of 42 meters and the width of 16 meters.

Preferably, the depth of the inter-ridge groove is 45-60cm, and the width of the inter-ridge groove is 0.6-0.8 m.

Preferably, the number of the net bags arranged in the inter-ridge ditch is 1-3/2 m.

Preferably, the mesh bag has a size of 40-60cm by 70-90 cm.

Preferably, the mesh size in the mesh bag is 40-60 meshes.

Preferably, the top of the mesh bag is exposed out of the inter-ridge ditch and is higher than the plane of the farmland.

More preferably, the top of the mesh bag is 8-12cm higher than the plane of the farmland.

More preferably, the seal of the mesh bag is tied.

Preferably, the mass of the earthworm seedlings added into each mesh bag is 1-1.5 kg.

Preferably, after the earthworm seeds are placed in the mesh bag, the first watering, moisturizing and shading are carried out.

More preferably, the water adding amount of the first water adding and moisturizing is 0.5-0.6L per bag.

Preferably, after the earthworm cultivation material is put in, a second time of adding water for moisturizing and shading is carried out.

More preferably, the water adding amount of the second water adding and moisturizing is 0.2-0.3L per bag.

More preferably, the shading is performed by covering the mesh bag with a shade.

Further preferably, the shade is selected from one or more of straw, shade cloth and shade net.

Preferably, the feeding mode of the earthworm cultivation material is as follows: in the 1 st month, the medicine is put in every 9 to 11 days for 1 time, and each time is 0.8 to 1.0kg per mesh bag; beginning at month 2, the medicine is put in every 5-7 days for 1 time, and each time is 1.0-1.2 kg/mesh bag.

Preferably, the feeding time of the earthworm cultivation material is 15-18 pm in fine days.

More preferably, the water for the first watering and moisturizing or the second watering and moisturizing is farmland irrigation water meeting the national standard (GB 5084-2005).

Preferably, the number of times of harvesting the bred earthworms is 3-4.

More preferably, when the harvested times of the bred earthworms are 4, the harvesting time is 3 months, 5 months, 7 months and 10 months per year respectively.

Preferably, the earthworm breeding feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5-15 parts of vegetables and fruits;

5-7 parts of grain crops;

100 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

More preferably, the earthworm breeding feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

8-11 parts of vegetables and fruits;

5.2-6 parts of grain crops;

100 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

Preferably, the vegetable and fruit is selected from one or a combination of dried vegetable and fruit or fresh vegetable and fruit.

More preferably, the weight ratio of the dried vegetable and fruit to the fresh vegetable and fruit in the vegetable and fruit is 3: 5-8.

Preferably, the grain crop is selected from one or two of grain crop seeds or straws.

More preferably, in the grain crop, the weight ratio of the seeds to the straws is 3: 2.2-3.

More preferably, the seed is corn.

Further preferably, the corn is the corn which is smashed after being fried and heated.

More preferably, the straws are selected from one or two of wheat bran and taro leaf and stem.

Further preferably, the taro leaf stalks are selected from one of dry taro leaf stalks or fresh taro leaf stalks.

Further preferably, when the straws are wheat bran and dry taro leaf stalks, the weight ratio of the wheat bran to the dry taro leaf stalks is 1.5-2.5: 1.

Further preferably, when the straws are wheat bran and fresh taro leaf stalks, the weight ratio of the wheat bran to the fresh taro leaf stalks is 1.5-2.5: 0.2.

Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is one or more organic fertilizers produced by mixing and fermenting the manure of cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep and pigeons.

More preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or two organic fertilizers produced by mixing and fermenting cow manure and pig manure.

As described above, the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment overcomes the problems of difficult reproduction rate, low efficiency and the like in the existing earthworm cultivation method, and has the advantages of high yield, high benefit, convenient collection, high purity (earthworms cannot be naturally hybridized), low earthworm escape rate and the like in farmlands in the open air environment. Meanwhile, the farmland can be used for planting crops or not. According to the invention, through the ingredients of farmland soil, livestock and poultry manure, agricultural wastes and the like in the net bag, and through the processes of feeding, digestion, excretion and the like of earthworms, after 1 year, the mixture in the net bag becomes earthworm manure with efficient and complete nutrients, and can be used for seedling substrate fertilizer, improved soil fertilizer, pot cultivation fertilizer and the like after being taken out.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a view showing a structure of inter-ridge layout in the industrial earthworm cultivation method in an open air environment according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the invention.

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for industrially culturing earthworms in an open-air environment, which comprises the steps of ditching and ridging farmlands in the open-air environment as shown in figure 1, arranging at least one mesh bag in each inter-ridge ditch, filling a mixture of soil and earthworm culturing materials in the mesh bag, and putting the earthworm culturing materials in the mesh bag for culturing.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the open air environment is a natural and shelterless farmland environment.

In the method for industrially culturing the earthworms in the open air environment, the mass ratio of the soil to the earthworm culturing material in the mixture of the soil and the earthworm culturing material is 100:8-15, preferably 100: 9-12.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment, the mixture of the soil and the earthworm cultivation material needs to be added with water for moisturizing before being put into the mesh bag.

In a preferred embodiment, the moisture of the soil after being moisturized by adding water is 60-70%.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment, the mixture of the soil and the earthworm cultivation material is prepared by rotting and uniformly stirring the soil and the earthworm cultivation material.

In the method for industrially culturing earthworms in an open air environment provided by the invention, the humidity of soil in the farmland is 45-55%, preferably 50%. The soil is kept moist, which is beneficial to the growth of earthworms and the decay of organic matters.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the distance between adjacent ridges is 3.5-4.5m, preferably 4 m. The inter-ridge distance refers to the horizontal distance between the tops of adjacent ridges.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the number of the inter-ridge ditches is 3-5 per mu, and preferably 4 per mu. The area per mu is calculated according to the length of 42 meters and the width of 16 meters. The mesh bag is convenient to effectively arrange.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, as shown in figure 1, the depth of the inter-ridge ditch is 45-60cm, and the width of the inter-ridge ditch is 0.6-0.8 m. The mesh bag is convenient to effectively arrange.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open-air environment provided by the invention, the quantity of the mesh bags arranged in the inter-ridge ditches is 1-3/2 m, preferably 1/1 m. Is beneficial to the growth of earthworms.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the mesh bag has the size of 40-60cm by 70-90cm, preferably 50cm by 80 cm.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the mesh size in the mesh bag is 40-60 meshes. The mesh bag does not need a support and is easy to operate.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the top of the mesh bag is exposed out of the inter-ridge ditch and is higher than the plane of the farmland.

In a preferred embodiment, the seal of the mesh bag is tied. Is used for preventing earthworms from escaping.

In a preferred embodiment, the top of the mesh bag is 8-12cm, preferably 10cm, above the plane of the field.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the mass of the earthworm seedlings added into each mesh bag is 1-1.5kg, preferably 1.2 kg.

According to the industrial earthworm breeding method in the open air environment, water is added for the first time to moisturize and shade after earthworm seedlings are placed in the net bag. The earthworms can be moistened for the first time by adding water and moisturizing, so that the earthworms can be conveniently and quickly drilled into the soil.

In a preferred embodiment, the water adding amount of the first water adding and moisturizing is 0.5-0.6L/bag.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment, the earthworm cultivation material is added and then is subjected to secondary watering, moisturizing and shading.

In a preferred embodiment, the water adding amount of the second watering and moisturizing is 0.2-0.3L/bag. Used for wetting earthworm breeding materials.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the earthworm cultivation material is put in the following modes: in the 1 st month, the medicine is put in every 9 to 11 days for 1 time, and each time is 0.8 to 1.0kg per mesh bag; beginning at month 2, the medicine is put in every 5-7 days for 1 time, and each time is 1.0-1.2 kg/mesh bag.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment, the earthworm cultivation material is thrown at 15-18 pm in fine days.

In a preferred embodiment, the water for the first watering and moisturizing or the second watering and moisturizing is farmland irrigation water meeting national standards (GB 5084-2005).

In a preferred embodiment, the shade is covered by covering the mesh bag with a shade. Moisture preservation is carried out, and the influence on the growth of the earthworms caused by high temperature and dryness is avoided.

In a further preferred embodiment, the shade is selected from one or more of straw, shade cloth, and a combination of shade nets. The shading cloth or the shading net is the shading cloth or the shading net which is used conventionally.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment provided by the invention, the earthworm after cultivation is harvested for 3-4 times, preferably 4 times.

In a preferred embodiment, when the harvested times of the bred earthworms are 4, the harvesting time is respectively 3 months, 5 months, 7 months and 10 months per year.

In the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open air environment, the earthworm cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5-15 parts of vegetables and fruits;

5-7 parts of grain crops;

100 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

In a preferred embodiment, the earthworm cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight:

8-11 parts of vegetables and fruits;

5.2-6 parts of grain crops;

100 parts of livestock and poultry manure.

In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable-fruit is selected from one or a combination of both of dried vegetable-fruit or fresh vegetable-fruit. The dried vegetable and fruit is sun-dried vegetable or fruit. The dried vegetables and fruits need to be crushed. The fresh vegetables and fruits are just picked vegetables and fruits.

In a further preferred embodiment, the dried vegetable and fruit is dried vegetable and fruit waste and the fresh vegetable and fruit is fresh vegetable and fruit waste.

The vegetable and fruit waste may be waste of vegetables and/or fruits, i.e. vegetables and fruits which are not consumed by humans in a discarded state.

In a further preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the dry vegetable-fruit to the fresh vegetable-fruit in the vegetable-fruit is 3: 5-8.

In a preferred embodiment, the food crop is selected from one or a combination of two of the food crop seeds or stalks. The grain crops are waste of the grain crops. The waste of the grain crops is the discarded part of the grain crops which are not eaten or the grain crops which can not be eaten after being stored for a long time.

In a further preferred embodiment, in the grain crop, the weight ratio of the seeds to the straws is 3: 2.2-3.

In a further preferred embodiment, the seed is corn.

In a specific embodiment, the corn is roasted and ground corn. The corn is fragrant and powdery.

In a further preferred embodiment, the straw is selected from one or a combination of wheat bran and taro leaf and stem.

In a specific embodiment, the taro leaf stalks are selected from one of dry taro leaf stalks or fresh taro leaf stalks. The leaf and stem of the taro are the leaf and stem of the taro. The dry taro leaves and stems are leaves and stems of the air-dried taro.

In a specific embodiment, when the straws are wheat bran and dry taro leaf stalks, the weight ratio of the wheat bran to the dry taro leaf stalks is 1.5-2.5:1, preferably 2: 1.

In a specific embodiment, when the straws are wheat bran and fresh taro leaf stalks, the weight ratio of the wheat bran to the fresh taro leaf stalks is 1.5-2.5:0.2, preferably 2: 0.2.

In a preferred embodiment, the livestock and poultry manure is one or more organic fertilizers produced by mixed fermentation of manure of cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep and pigeons.

In a further preferred embodiment, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or two of cattle manure and pig manure which are mixed and fermented to produce organic fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment, the livestock manure is a rotten raw material for more than two years.

The earthworm breeding material is changed into earthworm cast after earthworm collection. Through the processes of feeding, digesting, excreting and the like of earthworms of ingredients such as farmland soil, livestock and poultry manure, agricultural wastes and the like in the mesh bag, after 1 year, the mixture in the mesh bag becomes earthworm manure with efficient and complete nutrients, and can be used for seedling substrate fertilizer, improved soil fertilizer, pot-cultivated fertilizer and the like after being taken out.

Example 1

The mixture prepared by rotting and uniformly stirring 50kg of soil and 6kg of earthworm breeding material is watered and moisturized, the humidity of the soil is controlled to be 65%, and the soil is filled into 1 mesh bag. The mesh bag has a size of 50cm x 80cm, and mesh size of 50 meshes.

Ditching and ridging are carried out in a farmland in an open-air environment, the humidity of soil in the farmland is 50%, and the acre area of the farmland is calculated according to the length of 42 meters and the width of 16 meters. The distance between adjacent ridges is 4m, 4 inter-ridge ditches are dug per mu, the depth of the inter-ridge ditches is 60cm, and the width of the inter-ridge ditches is 0.65 m. A mesh bag is placed in each meter of inter-ridge ditch, the seal of the mesh bag is tied, and the top of the mesh bag is exposed outside the inter-ridge ditch and is 10cm higher than the plane of the farmland.

Then 1.2kg of earthworm seedlings are put into each mesh bag, 0.55L of water is added to wet the earthworms so that the earthworms can be conveniently and quickly drilled into the soil, and then the mesh bag is covered by a shade for covering and moisturizing. The shade is shade cloth. And finally, putting earthworm breeding materials in the bags for 1 time every 10 days in the 1 st month, wherein each time is 0.9 kg/mesh bag, and putting the earthworms in the bags for 1 time every 6 days in the 2 nd month, and each time is 1.1 kg/mesh bag. After the earthworm breeding materials are put in each time, each mesh bag is watered for 0.25L in time, shading objects are covered to prevent the earthworms from drying and further influencing the growth of the earthworms, and the putting time of the earthworm breeding materials is 16 pm in fine days. The net bags are cultured for 4 times a year.

The adopted earthworm breeding feed comprises 100kg of organic fertilizer produced by fermenting manure of cattle and pigs which are matured for two years, 3kg of dried vegetable and fruit waste, 6kg of fresh vegetable and fruit waste, 3kg of corn powder crushed after being fried, 2kg of wheat bran and 1kg of dried taro leaves and stalks.

Example 2

The mixture prepared by rotting and uniformly stirring 50kg of soil and 4.5kg of earthworm breeding material is watered and moisturized, the humidity of the soil is controlled at 60%, and the soil is filled into 1 mesh bag. The mesh bag has a size of 50cm x 80cm, and the mesh size in the mesh bag is 60 meshes.

Ditching and ridging are carried out in a farmland in an open-air environment, the humidity of soil in the farmland is 45%, and the acre area of the farmland is calculated according to the length of 42 meters and the width of 16 meters. The distance between adjacent ridges is 4m, 4 inter-ridge ditches are dug per mu, the depth of the inter-ridge ditches is 55cm, and the width of the inter-ridge ditches is 0.60 m. A mesh bag is placed in each meter of inter-ridge ditch, the seal of the mesh bag is tied, and the top of the mesh bag is exposed outside the inter-ridge ditch and is 10cm higher than the plane of the farmland.

Then 1.1kg of earthworm seedlings are put into each mesh bag, 0.50L of water is added to wet the earthworms so that the earthworms can be conveniently and quickly drilled into the soil, and then the mesh bag is covered with a shade to be moisturized. The shade is shade cloth. And finally, putting earthworm breeding materials in the bags for 1 time every 10 days in the 1 st month, wherein each time is 0.8 kg/bag, and putting the earthworms in the bags for 1 time every 7 days in the 2 nd month, and each time is 1.2 kg/bag. After the earthworm breeding materials are put in each time, each mesh bag is watered for 0.2L in time, shading objects are covered to prevent the earthworms from drying and further influencing the growth of the earthworms, and the putting time of the earthworm breeding materials is 17 pm in fine days. The net bags are cultured for 4 times a year.

The adopted earthworm breeding feed comprises 100kg of organic fertilizer produced by fermenting manure of cattle and pigs which are matured for two years, 3kg of dried vegetable and fruit waste, 6kg of fresh vegetable and fruit waste, 3kg of corn powder crushed after being fried, 2kg of wheat bran and 0.2kg of fresh taro leaves and stalks.

Comparative example 1

The earthworms are cultivated by adopting a conventional field cultivation mode, and 1300 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu. The average amount of each earthworm is 1.8 g, and the release amount of each mu of earthworms is 5974 g. Harvested 2 times a year.

Comparative example 2

Mixing 50kg of soil and 4.5kg of earthworm breeding material, watering and moisturizing to control the soil humidity at 60%, and packaging into 1 mesh bag. The mesh bag has a size of 50cm x 80cm, and the mesh size in the mesh bag is 60 meshes. The earthworm breeding material is a conventional commercial organic fertilizer.

Ditching and ridging are carried out in a farmland in an open-air environment, the humidity of soil in the farmland is 45%, and the acre area of the farmland is calculated according to the length of 42 meters and the width of 16 meters. The vertical distance between adjacent ridges is 4m, 4 inter-ridge ditches are dug per mu, the depth of the inter-ridge ditches is 55cm, and the width of the inter-ridge ditches is 0.60 m. A mesh bag is placed in each meter of inter-ridge ditch, the seal of the mesh bag is tied, and the top of the mesh bag is exposed outside the inter-ridge ditch and is 10cm higher than the plane of the farmland.

Then 1.1kg of earthworm seedlings are put into each mesh bag, 0.50kg of water is added to wet the earthworms so that the earthworms can be conveniently and quickly drilled into the soil, and then the mesh bag is covered by a shade for covering and moisturizing. The shade is shade cloth. And finally, adding conventional organic fertilizer for 1 time every 10 days in the 1 st month, wherein each time is 0.8 kg/mesh bag, and adding the organic fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days in the 2 nd month, and each time is 1.2 kg/mesh bag. Watering in time after the earthworm cultivation material is put in each time, and covering shading objects to prevent drying and further influence the growth of the earthworms, wherein the putting time of the earthworm cultivation material is 17 pm in fine days. The net bags are cultured for 4 times a year.

Example 3

After the earthworms obtained in example 1 are collected, the earthworms are classified, weighed and subjected to interval proportion, and it is found that 19% of the earthworms with a weight of 6 g or more, 42% of the earthworms with a weight of 5-6 g, 23% of the earthworms with a weight of 4-5 g, 10% of the earthworms with a weight of 3-4 g and 6% of the earthworms with a weight of 2-3 g are contained, and specific results are shown in table 1. Wherein, the collection requirement of the medical earthworms is more than or equal to 2.5 g/earthworm and reaches more than 94 percent.

TABLE 1 weight distribution table for net bag breeding earthworm after collection

Earthworm weight (g)	Percentage (%)	Requirement for harvesting medicinal earthworm (g)
			＞6	19	≥2.5
5-6	42	≥2.5
			4-5	23	≥2.5
3-4	10	≥2.5
			2-3	6	≥2.5

Example 4

According to the harvesting requirement in the embodiment 3, 160 mesh bags can be put in each mu according to the harvesting result of the breeding mode in the embodiment 1 and the purity ratio of the breeding result to the harvesting result is 94:6 (calculated by 100 jin), 1.2kg of earthworm seedlings can be put in each mesh bag, and 3.1 kg of earthworm seedlings can be harvested.

Calculate 3.1 kg per harvest per bag per 4 times per year-12.4 kg

Each mesh bag has 1.2kg of seedlings per time and 4.8 kg of seedlings per year

Yield of 12.4-4.8-7.6 kg in 4 times per bag

160 net bags 7.6 kg 1216 kg (net weight, fresh weight)

Namely, 1216 kg of earthworms with net weight can be obtained in one year by the cultivation method in the embodiment 1.

Comparative data example 1

The results of the two productions are shown in Table 2 by comparing the culture results of the culture method in example 1 with those of comparative example 1, and the results of the two recovery efficiencies are shown in Table 3 by comparing the culture results of the culture method in example 1 with those of comparative example 2.

TABLE 2 comparison of earthworm data for mesh bag (cultivation material) cultivation and conventional field cultivation

TABLE 3 comparison of earthworm data for mesh bag (cultivation material) cultivation and mesh bag (organic fertilizer) cultivation

Breeding method	Mu yield (kg)	Recovery ratio (%)	Purity (%)
				Example 1	1216	98	94
Comparative example 2	714	74.5	94

As shown in tables 2 and 3, compared with the traditional field earthworm cultivation, the earthworm harvesting frequency, the yield, the recovery rate, the earthworm purity and the earthworm yield per square meter are greatly improved, and the special cultivation material has incomparable advantages.

Comparative data example 2

The earthworm dung obtained in the breeding mode in the embodiment 1 is tested, and the nutrient index data of the earthworm dung after the mesh bag breeding is shown in a table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the earthworm manure after the net bag cultivation has high efficiency and complete nutrients, and can be used for matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation, soil improvement fertilizer, pot cultivation fertilizer and the like after being taken out.

Table 4 nutrient index data of earthworm manure after mesh bag cultivation

In conclusion, the industrial earthworm cultivation method in the open-air environment has the advantages of high yield, high benefit, convenience in harvesting, high purity (earthworms cannot be naturally hybridized), low earthworm escape rate and the like in farmlands in the open-air environment. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An industrial earthworm cultivation method in an open-air environment is characterized in that furrows and ridges are formed in a farmland in the open-air environment, at least one mesh bag is arranged in each inter-ridge furrow, a mixture of soil and earthworm cultivation materials is filled in the mesh bag, and the earthworm cultivation materials are put in the mesh bag for cultivation;

in the mixture of the soil and the earthworm cultivation material, the mass ratio of the soil to the earthworm cultivation material is 100: 8-15;

the mesh bag comprises any one or more of the following conditions:

B1) the number of the mesh bags arranged in the inter-ridge ditch is 1-3/2 m;

B2) the mesh bag is 40-60cm by 70-90 cm;

B3) the mesh specification in the mesh bag is 40-60 meshes;

B4) the top of the mesh bag is exposed outside the inter-ridge ditch and is higher than the plane of the farmland;

the mass of the earthworm seedlings added into each mesh bag is 1-1.5 kg;

the earthworm breeding material comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5-15 parts of vegetables and fruits;

5-7 parts of grain crops;

100 parts of livestock and poultry manure;

the feeding mode of the earthworm breeding material is as follows: in the 1 st month, the medicine is put in every 9 to 11 days for 1 time, and each time is 0.8 to 1.0kg per mesh bag; beginning in month 2, putting every 5-7 days for 1 time, each time 1.0-1.2 kg/mesh bag;

the seal of the mesh bag is knotted.

2. The method for industrially culturing earthworms in an open air environment according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of soil and earthworm culturing material is subjected to water adding and moisture retention before being filled into the mesh bag, and the soil humidity after the water adding and moisture retention is 60-70%.

3. The method for industrially breeding earthworms in an open-air environment according to claim 1, wherein the ridge comprises any one or more of the following conditions:

A1) the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 3.5-4.5 m;

A2) the number of the inter-ridge ditches is 3-5 per mu;

A3) the depth of the inter-ridge ditch is 45-60cm, and the width of the inter-ridge ditch is 0.6-0.8 m.

4. The method for industrially culturing earthworms in an open air environment according to claim 1, wherein the first watering and moisturizing and shading are performed after the earthworms are planted in the mesh bag, and the amount of water added for the first watering and moisturizing is 0.5 to 0.6L per bag.

5. The method for industrially breeding earthworms in an open air environment according to claim 1, wherein the earthworm breeding material comprises any one or more of the following conditions:

C1) the vegetable and fruit is selected from one or two of dried vegetable and fruit or fresh vegetable and fruit;

C2) the grain crops are selected from one or two of grain crop seeds or straws;

C3) the livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or two organic fertilizers produced by mixing and fermenting cow manure and pig manure.

6. The method for industrially breeding earthworms in an open air environment according to claim 1, wherein the earthworm breeding material is thrown at 15-18 pm in fine days.

7. The method for industrially culturing the earthworms in the open air according to claim 4, wherein the earthworm culturing material is subjected to a second watering and moisturizing and shading after being put into the greenhouse, and the watering and moisturizing for the second time is performed in an amount of 0.2-0.3L/bag.