CN108782467B - Method for breeding earthworm seedlings - Google Patents
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- CN108782467B CN108782467B CN201810602129.8A CN201810602129A CN108782467B CN 108782467 B CN108782467 B CN 108782467B CN 201810602129 A CN201810602129 A CN 201810602129A CN 108782467 B CN108782467 B CN 108782467B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding earthworm seedlings. The method comprises the steps of selection of a suitable breeding area, selection and arrangement of a seedling breeding place, feed and throwing, earthworm species throwing, field management, prevention and control of diseases, pests, rats and weeds and collection of earthworm seedlings. The invention solves the breeding problem of the earthworm seedlings, provides high-quality earthworm seedlings, provides guarantee for the earthworm breeding industry, solves the problem of shortage of medicinal material resources, and simultaneously provides quality guarantee for earthworm Chinese medicinal materials. The method can also be used for the seedling breeding of other southern medicinal earthworms.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm breeding and traditional Chinese medicine resource development, and particularly relates to a method for breeding earthworm seedlings.
Background art:
according to the record of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the lumbricus is a Megascolepto animal in Anoplophora, is known as Guangdong earthworm, is a traditional Chinese animal medicine in China, and has a history of administration for thousands of years. Guangdong earthworm is mainly distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi. Earthworm is cold in nature and salty in taste, and has the main effects of clearing heat and arresting convulsion, dredging collaterals, relieving asthma and promoting urination. Can be used for treating hyperpyrexia, unconsciousness, epilepsy, convulsion, arthralgia, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, cough and asthma due to lung heat, edema, oliguria, and hypertension. The guangdong has more pharmacological actions including blood pressure reduction, asthma relief, antipyretic, pain relief, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, antitumor and the like, and is widely applied to clinical treatment. Guangdong is regarded as the genuine herb of Guangdong and is generally recognized as the best quality in the industry of medicinal materials.
With the rapid development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the demand of the traditional Chinese medicines is increasing day by day, and the phenomenon of short supply and demand often appears in the market. The medicinal materials of the lumbricus are basically from wild materials in China, the wild materials of the lumbricus are gradually reduced due to overlarge market demand, rapid price rise and excessive capture, and the establishment of artificial breeding of the lumbricus also becomes a key point for solving the shortage of the lumbricus resources. The earthworm seedling breeding technology is a main link for cultivating earthworms and is also a key technology for artificial cultivation. In recent years, the earthworm breeding industry is rapidly developed, the breeding technology is gradually mature, but breeding varieties are mainly Daping No. two, the Daping No. two are small in size, strong in adaptability, high in breeding rate and capable of being bred at high density, and the artificially bred Guangdong earthworms are large in size and strong in wildness and are still in the exploration stage. At present, no mature earthworm seedling breeding technology exists.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the breeding problem of the earthworm seedlings and provides a good earthworm seedling breeding method.
The invention relates to a method for breeding earthworm seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selection of a suitable culture area: air quality requirement: the air quality needs to meet the secondary standard in the national standard environmental air quality Standard of the people's republic of China (GB 3095-1996); the water quality requirement is as follows: the irrigation water meets the secondary standard in the national standard of the people's republic of China (GB 5084-2005); the soil environment requirement is as follows: selecting loam or sandy loam, wherein the plough layer is more than 30cm, the soil pH is 5.5-7.5, and the soil condition meets the secondary standard in the national standard soil environment quality standard of the people's republic of China (GB 15618-1995);
(b) selecting and arranging seedling culture places: selecting a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage from a seedling culture land; installing an isolation net of 40-60 meshes, wherein the height of the isolation net is more than 50cm, and surrounding a culture land; ploughing for one time before breeding and seeding, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, ridging is carried out after ploughing, the ridge width is 1.0-1.2 m, the ridge height is 30cm, and the inter-ridge interval is 15-20 cm; arranging and ditching, wherein the ditch directions are parallel to the same ridge, and ditching is carried out in the middle of the ridge;
(c) and (3) feed and feeding: digging holes on the ridges and putting or spreading the completely fermented poultry and livestock manure on the ridge surface; feeding for 1 time every 20 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 25-40 g of the average daily food intake of each feeding amount;
(d) releasing earthworm species: the first putting is after the whole good, and then after the earthworm seeds are harvested each time, earthworm seeds are put as supplement;
(e) field management: covering a grass layer on the surface of the seedling culture ground; when the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the Pheretima aspergillum, watering and irrigating the Pheretima aspergillum to make the soil close to wet soil; drainage of stagnant water is timely carried out, and operation channels and drainage ditches among ridges need to be frequently cleaned, so that blockage is prevented; in the low-lying part, a ridge is transversely broken and a waist ditch is dug so as to drain water; when the water content in the ridges is too large, the covering grass layer is lifted, and the evaporation of the water content in the soil is accelerated; in low-temperature seasons, the covering thickness of the grass layer on the ridge surface is increased; for the wind gap cultivation field, additionally building cold-proof objects on a shed, building a shading shed, lifting the shading shed after the temperature rises, reducing the coverage of a grass layer, and periodically cleaning weeds;
(f) controlling pests, rats and weeds;
(g) and (5) harvesting earthworm seedlings.
And (d) the first putting amount of the earthworm seeds in the step (d) is 100 earthworm seeds per square meter, and after each later earthworm seed is harvested, 30 earthworm seeds per square meter are put as supplement.
The isolation net is preferably a plastic or metal net.
The width of the groove is preferably 10cm, and the depth is preferably 30 cm.
The diameter of the cavity in step (c) is preferably 20cm and the depth is preferably 20 cm.
The thickness of the grass layer in step (e) is preferably 10 cm.
The livestock manure is chicken manure, cattle manure or pig manure. Preferably, the chicken manure is selected, the cow manure is selected, the feed needs to be fully fermented, and the heavy metal content needs to meet the feed standard.
The prevention and control of the pests, the rats and the weeds are specifically as follows: when the soil acidity is too acid, adding calcium carbonate to regulate the acidity; spraying quicklime to disinfect the furrow and the periphery to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases; yellow plates are inserted and hung to prevent and control insects; installing a trapping cage, mouse sticking glue or a mouse cage, and collecting and deeply burying dead mice in time; covering the ridge surface with a grass layer to prevent the growth of weeds; the distance between the operation way and the periphery is within 2m from the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds.
The harvesting is preferably low-voltage electric shock harvesting or water flood irrigation harvesting.
According to the invention, through a series of tests, a earthworm germchit breeding technology is provided, the difficult problem of germchit breeding in the artificial breeding process of the earthworms is solved, the breeding rate and the survival rate of the earthworms are improved, high-quality earthworm germchits are provided, and the problem of shortage of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the earthworms is solved.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
1. Suitable cultivation area
(1) Geographic location
The geographical position of the wide earthworm breeding area can be located in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and the like, and preferably in Guangdong and Guangxi.
(2) Air quality
The air quality of the Guangdong earthworm breeding area needs to meet the secondary standard in the national standard environmental air quality Standard of the people's republic of China (GB 3095-1996).
(3) Quality of water
The irrigation water in the Guangdong earthworm breeding area meets the secondary standard in the national standard irrigation water quality standard of the people's republic of China (GB 5084-2005).
(4) Soil environment
The soil conditions of the earthworm breeding area meet the secondary standard in the national standard soil environmental quality Standard of the people's republic of China (GB 15618-1995).
2. Selecting and arranging seedling culture places
(1) Soil (W) for building
The seedling culture land needs to select a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage, the land for melons, fruits and vegetables is forbidden, the land for applying the herbicide with long residual period within 2 years is forbidden, and the land for applying the pesticide with long residual period in the soil is forbidden within 3 years.
(2) Soil(s)
The seedling culture land needs to select loam or sandy loam, the plough layer is more than 30cm, the pH value is 5.5-7.5, the first culture can be ploughed once, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.
(3) Ridging
And (3) ridging after ploughing, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.2 m, and the height of each ridge is about 30 cm. The intervals among ridges are 15-20 cm, the ridge direction is generally in a slope direction favorable for drainage, and the south-north direction is better; ridging about 10 days before breeding and seedling throwing; after harvesting, cultivation is continued without ploughing and ridging.
(4) Ditching for
The ditch direction is parallel to the ridges, the middle of each ridge is ditched, the width of each ditch is about 10cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm; the isolation net is a plastic or metal net with 40-60 meshes, is higher than 50cm and surrounds the cultivation field.
3. Feed and delivery
(1) Feed stuff
The feed is chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, preferably chicken manure, and then cow manure, the feed needs to be fully fermented, and the heavy metal content needs to meet the feed standard.
(2) Feed delivery
The feed feeding method comprises digging holes and feeding or paving the ground surface, preferably digging holes and feeding; the feed is fed for 1 time every 20 days, and the feed feeding amount is 25-40 g of feed intake per day.
4. Earthworm species feeding
(1) Requirement of earthworm species
The earthworm species to be put in need to be qualified products meeting the standards of the earthworm species.
(2) Throwing time and throwing times
The first time is putting after the whole earthworms are harvested, and then some earthworms are put as supplement after the earthworms are harvested each time.
(3) Amount of put
The first time of putting is 100 strips per square meter, and the next time of putting is supplemented properly.
(4) Delivery method
Digging a plurality of small holes in the prepared breeding field by using a digging hoe, uniformly throwing earthworm seeds into the small holes, directly throwing the earthworm seeds for the first time, and then covering a grass layer; after the earthworm seeds are put in after the earthworm seedlings are collected each time, the covering grass layer is lifted, small holes are dug, the earthworm seeds are put in, and then the grass layer is covered again.
5. Management of field
(1) Temperature and illumination control
The surface of the cultivation ground is covered with a grass layer with the thickness of 10 cm.
(2) Moisture control/irrigation
When the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the lumbricus, watering and irrigating are needed, and sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation can be adopted, so that the soil is close to wet soil.
(3) Drainage of stagnant water
The operation channels and the drainage ditches among the ridges need to be cleaned frequently to prevent blockage. In the low-lying part, a ridge is transversely broken and a waist ditch is dug so as to drain water; when the water content in the ridge is too large, the covering grass layer can be lifted, and the evaporation of the water content in the soil is accelerated.
(4) Cold-proof
In low-temperature seasons, the covering thickness of the ridge surface grass layer can be increased; building a cold-proof object on a shed, building a wind-opening culture area, building a simple shading shed, and using a polyethylene rainproof film; after the temperature rises, the grass layer coverage can be reduced, and the shading shed is opened.
(5) Clearing garden
The weeds around the cultivation land are cleaned regularly, and the cleaned weeds can cover the cultivation ground surface.
6. Prevention and control of insect pests, mice and weeds
(1) Disease type and control
The diseases are mostly rot diseases caused by soil acidification. The symptoms are red and swollen genital belt, the whole body becomes black, the body is shortened, moniliform nodules appear, and the genital belt dies or is autolyzed; the control method comprises the following steps: detecting soil acidity regularly, and detecting upper, middle and lower layers in the detection process; adding calcium carbonate to adjust acid in the peracid soil; and spraying quicklime to disinfect the furrow and the periphery.
(2) Insect pest species and control
The main pests of guangdong earthworm: insects: turnip, ant (including red ant), and parasitic fly; the spiders are: spiders, mites; amphibious: frog; crawling: snakes, lizards, and the like. The control method comprises the following steps: in the serious damage area, yellow plates are inserted and hung on the ridge surface and the periphery; spiders, amphibians, crawlers: and (4) catching by a trap cage.
(3) Rat damage prevention and control
Mainly takes physical mechanical prevention and control, and sticks to mouse glue, a mouse cage or electric shock; dead mice should be collected in time and buried deeply.
(4) Weed control
Covering the ridge surface with grass to prevent the growth of weeds; the distance between the operation way and the periphery is within 2m from the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds.
7. Harvesting of earthworm
(1) Preparation before harvest
When in harvesting, the culture land is required to keep higher humidity, and if the humidity is too low, the culture land can be irrigated to increase the humidity; removing the covering grass layer of the culture land.
(2) Harvesting method
Harvesting by low-voltage electric shock, manually collecting, and containing with a carrier mixed with feed and soil; or flood irrigation with water.
Example 1:
1) selection of suitable cultivation area
The method comprises the steps of selecting a farmland in the land select village of Yulin city, Luchuan county, Guangxi province, and detecting the heavy metal content of a soil sample of the farmland and a water sample of a surrounding environment, wherein the results show that the soil of a culture base meets the secondary standard in the national soil environment quality standard of the people's republic of China (GB15618-1995), and the water quality meets the secondary standard in the national farmland irrigation water quality standard of the people's republic of China (GB5084-2005) (shown in tables 1 and 2). Meanwhile, the culture area has no air pollution, the air quality meets the secondary standard in the national standard environmental air quality standard of the people's republic of China (GB3095-1996), and the method is suitable for artificial culture of the lumbricus. The surrounding environment of the place is quiet, the coverage area of the nearby forest is wide, the transportation is convenient, and the place is selected as the breeding base of the lumbricus.
Table 1: detection of heavy metal content in soil of breeding land
TABLE 2 detection of heavy metal content in aquaculture waters
2) Selecting and arranging seedling culture places
Selecting a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage in the seedling culture field, and selecting a farmland to which the herbicide with long residual period is not applied within 2 years; the breeding base of the wide earthworm in the selective land village is loam with a plough layer of 35m, the pH value of the breeding field is 6.1-6.8 (shown in table 3) through detection, and the average pH value is 6.4. And installing a 40-60-mesh metal isolation net, wherein the height of the metal isolation net is more than 50cm, and the metal isolation net surrounds the breeding land. Ploughing for the first time in spring to a depth of 40 cm; and (3) ridging after ploughing, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.2 m, and the height of each ridge is about 30 cm. The intervals among the ridges are 15-20 cm, and the ridge direction is in the direction of the north-south favorable drainage slope; ridging about 10 days before breeding and seedling throwing; the ditches are parallel to the ridges, the ditches are ditched in the middle of the ridges, the width of each ditch is about 10cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm.
TABLE 3 pH determination of the cultivation
3) Feed and delivery
Digging holes on the ridges by using a digging hoe, wherein the diameter of each hole is about 20cm, the depth of each hole is about 20cm, and the completely fermented chicken manure is uniformly scattered in the holes; the feed is fed for 1 time every 20 days, and the feed feeding amount is 25-40 g of the feed intake per day.
4) Earthworm species feeding
The selected earthworm species all meet the quality standard of the earthworm species (see table 4). The first time is putting after the whole good, and after every time later, 30 earthworm species are put in every square meter as supplement after the earthworm seedlings are harvested. The first input was 100 pieces per square meter. Digging a plurality of small holes in the prepared breeding ground by using a digging hoe, uniformly throwing earthworm species into the small holes, directly throwing the earthworm species for the first time, and then covering a grass layer; after the earthworm seeds are put in after the earthworm seedlings are collected each time, the covering grass layer is lifted, small holes are dug, the earthworm seeds are put in, and then the grass layer is covered again.
TABLE 4 quality standard of Pheretima aspergillum
Note: the vitality is that the earthworm is put into alcohol with the concentration of 50 percent, and the time required for the earthworm to be anesthetized until the body is in a relaxed state
5) Management of field
Covering a grass layer on the surface of the cultivation ground, wherein the thickness of the grass layer is 10 cm; when the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the lumbricus, sprinkling irrigation is adopted, and the soil is preferably close to wet soil (the humidity is 60-80%). Drainage of stagnant water is timely carried out, and operation channels and drainage ditches among ridges need to be frequently cleaned, so that blockage is prevented; in the low-lying part, a ridge is transversely broken and a waist ditch is dug so as to drain water; when the water content in the ridge is too large, the covering grass layer can be lifted, and the evaporation of the water content in the soil is accelerated.
In low-temperature seasons (the temperature is lower than 10 ℃), the covering thickness of the ridge surface grass layer is increased. For the wind gap cultivation field, additionally building cold-proof objects on the shed, and building a simple shading shed by using a polyethylene rainproof film; after the temperature rises, the shading shed is opened, and the grass layer coverage is reduced. The weeds around the cultivation land are cleaned regularly, and the cleaned weeds can cover the cultivation ground surface.
6) Prevention and control of insect pests, mice and weeds
Detecting soil acidity of the culture land in each season, wherein the detection is carried out on an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer; adding calcium carbonate into peracid soil (the pH of the soil is lower than 5.5) to adjust the acid; and filling the ditch and the periphery, spraying quicklime for disinfection, and preventing and treating diseases. Yellow plates are inserted and hung around the insect pests to be prevented and controlled; installing a trapping cage, mouse sticking glue or a mouse cage, and collecting and deeply burying dead mice in time; the ridge surface is covered with grass to prevent the growth of weeds. The distance between the operation way and the periphery is within 2m from the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds.
7) Harvesting of earthworm
Harvesting in spring festival every year or according to market demand. When in harvesting, the culture land is required to maintain high humidity (80-90%), and if the humidity is too low, the culture land can be irrigated to increase the humidity; removing the covering grass layer of the breeding land; harvesting by low-voltage electric shock, manually collecting, and loading with mixed feed and soil.
TABLE 5 statistics of earthworm fry harvest (after 3 months of fry breeding)
| Item | Treatment floor 1 (area: 1 m)2) | Treatment floor 2 (area: 1 m)2) | Treatment area 3 (area: 1 m)2) |
| Earthworm quantity (strip) is put in | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Amount of lumbricus collected | 262 | 257 | 283 |
| Breeding ratio | 1:2.6 | 1:2.6 | 1:2.8 |
Claims (9)
1. The method for breeding the earthworm seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) selection of a suitable culture area: air quality requirement: the air quality needs to meet the secondary standard in the national standard environmental air quality Standard of the people's republic of China (GB 3095-1996); the water quality requirement is as follows: the irrigation water meets the secondary standard in the national standard of the people's republic of China (GB 5084-2005); the soil environment requirement is as follows: selecting loam or sandy loam, wherein the plough layer is more than 30cm, the soil pH is 5.5-7.5, and the soil condition meets the secondary standard in the national standard soil environment quality standard of the people's republic of China (GB 15618-1995);
(b) selecting and arranging seedling culture places: selecting a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage from a seedling culture land; installing an isolation net of 40-60 meshes, wherein the height of the isolation net is more than 50cm, and surrounding a culture land; ploughing for one time before breeding and seeding, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, ridging is carried out after ploughing, the ridge width is 1.0-1.2 m, the ridge height is 30cm, and the inter-ridge interval is 15-20 cm; arranging and ditching, wherein the ditch directions are parallel to the same ridge, and ditching is carried out in the middle of the ridge;
(c) and (3) feed and feeding: digging holes on the ridges and putting or spreading the completely fermented poultry and livestock manure on the ridge surface; feeding for 1 time every 20 days, wherein the feeding amount is 25-40 g of the daily food intake;
(d) releasing earthworm species: the first putting is after the whole good, and then after the earthworm seeds are harvested each time, earthworm seeds are put as supplement;
(e) field management: covering a grass layer on the surface of the seedling culture ground; when the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the Pheretima aspergillum, watering and irrigating the Pheretima aspergillum to make the soil close to wet soil; drainage of stagnant water is timely carried out, and operation channels and drainage ditches among ridges need to be frequently cleaned, so that blockage is prevented; in the low-lying part, a ridge is transversely broken and a waist ditch is dug so as to drain water; when the water in the ridges is too large, the covering grass layer is lifted, and the evaporation of the water in the soil is accelerated; in low-temperature seasons, the covering thickness of the grass layer on the ridge surface is increased; for the wind gap cultivation field, additionally building cold-proof objects on a shed, building a shading shed, lifting the shading shed after the temperature rises, reducing the coverage of a grass layer, and periodically cleaning weeds;
(f) controlling pests, rats and weeds;
(g) and (5) harvesting earthworm seedlings.
2. The method for breeding lumbricus seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the first feeding amount of the lumbricus seeds in step (d) is 100 per square meter, and then 30 lumbricus seeds per square meter are fed as supplement after each lumbricus seed collection.
3. The method for raising guangdong seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the isolation net is a plastic or metal net.
4. The method for seed propagation of Pheretima aspergillum according to claim 1, wherein the width of the groove is 10cm and the depth is 30 cm.
5. The method for raising guangdong seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hole in step (c) is 20cm and the depth is 20 cm.
6. The method for raising guangdong seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the grass layer in the step (e) is 10 cm.
7. The method for guangdong germchit breeding according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is chicken manure, cattle manure or pig manure.
8. The method for seed breeding of guangdong lumbricus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control of pest, rat and weed is specifically: when the soil acidity is too acid, adding calcium carbonate to regulate the acidity; spraying quicklime to disinfect the furrow and the periphery to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases; yellow plates are inserted and hung to prevent and control insects; installing a trapping cage or mouse sticking glue, and collecting and deeply burying dead mice in time; covering the ridge surface with a grass layer to prevent the growth of weeds; the distance between the operation way and the periphery is within 2m from the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds.
9. The method for breeding lumbricus seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting is low-voltage electric shock harvesting or water flood irrigation harvesting.
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