CN108684613B - Pollution-free breeding method for lumbricus - Google Patents
Pollution-free breeding method for lumbricus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution-free breeding method for guangdong earthworms. It comprises the following steps: selecting a suitable breeding area, selecting and arranging breeding places, feeding and putting in feed, putting in earthworm seedlings, managing the field, preventing and controlling diseases, pests, rats and weeds and harvesting earthworms. The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of Pheretima aspergillum, provides a pollution-free breeding method of Pheretima aspergillum, is beneficial to providing high-quality Pheretima aspergillum medicinal material resource, solves the problem of shortage of medicinal material resource, and simultaneously ensures the safety and stability of Pheretima aspergillum medicinal material in clinical medication. The invention can also be used for breeding other southern medicinal earthworms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm cultivation and the field of Chinese medicinal material resource development, and particularly relates to a pollution-free earthworm cultivation method.
Background art:
according to the record of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the lumbricus is a Megascolepto animal in Anoplophora, is known as Guangdong earthworm, is a traditional Chinese animal medicine in China, and has a history of administration for thousands of years. Guangdong earthworm is mainly distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi. Earthworm is cold in nature and salty in taste, and has the main effects of clearing heat and arresting convulsion, dredging collaterals, relieving asthma and promoting urination. Can be used for treating hyperpyrexia, unconsciousness, epilepsy, convulsion, arthralgia, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, cough and asthma due to lung heat, edema, oliguria, and hypertension. The guangdong has more pharmacological actions including blood pressure reduction, asthma relief, antipyretic, pain relief, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, antitumor and the like, and is widely applied to clinical treatment. Guangdong is regarded as the genuine herb of Guangdong and is generally recognized as the best quality in the industry of medicinal materials.
With the rapid development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the demand of the traditional Chinese medicines is increasing day by day, and the phenomenon of short supply and demand often appears in the market. The medicinal materials of the lumbricus are basically from wild materials in China, the wild materials of the lumbricus are gradually reduced due to overlarge market demand, rapid price rise and excessive capture, and the establishment of artificial breeding of the lumbricus also becomes a key point for solving the shortage of the lumbricus resources. In recent years, earthworm is various in varieties and irregular in quality in the market of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so that the quality of earthworm medicinal materials is poor, and the phenomenon that heavy metals exceed standards is variable, so that the safety of medication is seriously influenced. In order to provide qualified Guangdong earthworm medicinal materials, a standardized GAP culture base needs to be established, and the Guangdong earthworms are cultured by standardized pollution-free artificial cultivation, so that the development of Guangdong earthworm breeding industry is facilitated.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problem of low quality of the medicinal materials of the lumbricus and provides a pollution-free cultivating method for the lumbricus.
The invention discloses a pollution-free earthworm breeding method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a suitable breeding area, selecting and arranging breeding places, feeding and putting in feed, putting in earthworm seedlings, managing the field, preventing and controlling diseases, pests, rats and weeds and harvesting earthworms.
Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
one, suitable cultivation area
(1) Geographic location
Selecting places such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and the like as the breeding areas in the geographical positions of the Guangdong earthworm breeding areas, preferably the Guangdong and the Guangxi;
(2) air quality
The air quality of the earthworm breeding area is required to meet the secondary standard in GB3095 atmospheric environment quality standard;
(3) quality of water
The farmland irrigation water in the Guangdong earthworm breeding area meets the second-level standard in the GB 5084 farmland irrigation water quality standard;
(4) soil environment
The soil condition of the earthworm breeding area meets the secondary standard in GB 15618 soil environment quality standard;
secondly, selecting and arranging breeding places
(1) Soil (W) for building
Selecting a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage in a breeding field, forbidding fields for melons, fruits and vegetables, forbidding herbicide fields with long residual period within 2 years, and forbidding fields for soil with high residual period and pesticide fields with long residual period within 3 years;
(2) soil(s)
Selecting loam or sandy loam in the cultivation land, wherein the plough layer is more than 30cm, the pH value is 5.5-7.5, and the first cultivation can be carried out by ploughing for one time, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm;
(3) ridging
Ridging is carried out after ploughing, the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.2m, the height of each ridge is about 30cm, the intervals among the ridges are 15-20cm, the ridge direction is along a favorable drainage slope direction, the south-north direction trend is better, and the ridges are formed about 10 days before breeding and seedling throwing; after harvesting, cultivation is continued without ploughing and ridging;
(4) ditching for
The ditch direction is parallel to the ridges, the middle of each ridge is ditched, the width of each ditch is about 10cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm; the isolation net is a plastic or metal net with 40-60 meshes, is higher than 50cm and surrounds the culture field;
thirdly, feed and putting
(1) Feed stuff
The feed is chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, preferably chicken manure, and then cow manure, the feed needs to be fully fermented, and the heavy metal content needs to meet the feed standard;
(2) feed delivery
The feed feeding method comprises the steps of digging holes and feeding or paving the ground surface, preferably digging holes and feeding, wherein the feed feeding time and times are 1 time of feeding every 20 days, and the feed feeding amount is 25-40 g of daily average food intake of each feeding amount;
fourthly, putting earthworm seedlings
(1) Requirement for earthworm seeding
The earthworms of the Guangdong earthworms need to be qualified products meeting the standards of the earthworms of the Guangdong earthworms;
(2) throwing time and throwing times
After the feed is put in a whole, putting once every production week;
(3) amount of put
The putting amount is 500 pieces per square meter;
(4) delivery method
Digging holes in the prepared cultivation field by using a digging hoe, uniformly throwing earthworm seedlings into the holes, directly throwing the earthworms for the first time, and then covering a grass layer; after collecting the earthworms each time, when putting the earthworms, lifting the covering grass layer, digging a hole, putting the earthworms, and then covering the grass layer again;
fifth, field management
(1) Temperature and illumination control
Covering a grass layer on the surface of the cultivation field, wherein the thickness of the grass layer is 10 cm;
(2) moisture control/irrigation
When the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the lumbricus, watering and irrigating are needed, and sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation can be adopted, so that the soil is close to wet soil;
(3) drainage of stagnant water
The operation channels and drainage ditches among the ridges need to be cleaned frequently to prevent blockage, and the low-lying parts need to be transversely broken and dug into waist ditches to drain water; when the water content in the ridges is too large, the covering grass layer can be lifted, and the evaporation of the water content in the soil is accelerated;
(4) cold-proof
In low-temperature seasons, the covering thickness of the ridge surface grass layer can be increased, cold-proof objects on the shed are erected, the air port culture area is erected, a simple shading shed is erected, and polyethylene rain-proof films are used; after the temperature rises, the grass layer coverage can be reduced, and the shading shed is opened;
(5) clearing garden
The weeds around the cultivation land are cleaned regularly, and the cleaned weeds can cover the cultivation ground surface;
sixthly, prevention and control of diseases, pests, rats and weeds
(1) Disease type and control
The diseases are mostly rot diseases caused by soil acidification, and the symptoms of the rot diseases comprise red and swollen genital zone, whole body blackening, body shortening, moniliform nodules, death or autolysis; the control method comprises the following steps: detecting soil acidity regularly, and detecting upper, middle and lower layers in the detection process; adding calcium carbonate to adjust acid in the peracid soil; and (5) filling the ditch and the periphery, and spraying quicklime for disinfection.
(2) Insect pest species and control
The main pests of guangdong earthworm: insects: turnip, ant (including red ant), and parasitic fly; the spiders are: spiders, mites; amphibious: frog; crawling: snakes, lizards and the like, and the control method comprises the following steps: in the serious damage area, yellow plates are inserted and hung on the cushion surface and the periphery; capturing spiders, amphibians and crawlers by using a trapping cage;
(3) rat damage prevention and control
Mainly takes physical mechanical prevention and control, and sticks to mouse glue, a mouse cage or electric shock; collecting dead mice in time and deeply burying the dead mice;
(4) weed control
Covering the ridge surface with grass to prevent the growth of weeds; the distance between the operation way and the peripheral periphery is within 2m of the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds;
seventhly, harvesting
(1) Preparation before harvest
When in harvesting, the culture land is required to keep higher humidity, and if the humidity is too low, the culture land can be irrigated to increase the humidity; removing the covering grass layer of the breeding land;
(2) harvesting method
Collecting immature Pheretima aspergillum by low-voltage electric shock, manually collecting, loading with carrier mixed with fodder and soil, culturing in pollution-free culture field, collecting mature Pheretima aspergillum by increasing voltage, loading with plastic barrel, supplementing part of strong individuals into seedling breeding field, and processing the rest into Pheretima aspergillum Chinese medicinal materials, or irrigating and collecting with water.
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of Pheretima aspergillum, provides a pollution-free breeding method of Pheretima aspergillum, is beneficial to providing high-quality Pheretima aspergillum medicinal material resource, solves the problem of shortage of medicinal material resource, and simultaneously ensures the safety and stability of Pheretima aspergillum medicinal material in clinical medication. The invention can also be used for breeding other southern medicinal earthworms.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1:
selection of suitable cultivation area
The method comprises the steps of selecting a land village selection farmland in Yulin city, Luchuan county, Guangxi province, and detecting the heavy metal content of a soil sample of the farmland and a water sample of the surrounding environment, wherein the result shows that the soil of a culture base meets the secondary standard in GB 15618 soil environment quality standard, and the water quality meets the secondary standard in GB 5084 farmland irrigation water quality standard (shown in tables 1 and 2). Meanwhile, the culture area has no air pollution, the air quality meets the secondary standard in the GB3095 atmospheric environment quality standard, and the method is suitable for artificial culture of the lumbricus. The surrounding environment of the place is quiet, the coverage area of the nearby forest is wide, the transportation is convenient, and the Guangdong earthworm pollution-free cultivation base is selected.
Table 1: detection of heavy metal content in soil of breeding land
TABLE 2 detection of heavy metal content in aquaculture waters
Secondly, selecting and arranging breeding places
Selecting a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage in the breeding field, selecting a farmland which is not applied with the herbicide with long residual period within 2 years, forbidding the fields for melons, fruits and vegetables, and forbidding the soil to apply the pesticide plots with high residual period and long residual period within 3 years; the breeding base of the wide earthworm in the selective land village is loam with a plough layer of 35m, the pH value of the breeding field is 6.2-6.8 (shown in table 3) through detection, and the average pH value is 6.5. And installing a 40-60-mesh metal isolation net, wherein the height of the metal isolation net is more than 50cm, and the metal isolation net surrounds the culture field. Ploughing for the first time in spring to a depth of 40 cm; and (3) ridging after ploughing, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.2m, and the height of each ridge is about 30 cm. The intervals among the ridges are 15-20cm, and the ridge direction is in the direction of the north-south favorable drainage slope; ridging about 10 days before breeding and seedling throwing; the ditches are parallel to the ridges, the ditches are ditched in the middle of the ridges, the width of each ditch is about 10cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm.
TABLE 3 pH determination of the cultivation
Thirdly, feed and putting
Digging holes on the ridges by using a digging hoe, wherein the diameter of each hole is about 20cm, the depth of each hole is about 20cm, and the completely fermented chicken manure is uniformly scattered in the holes; the feed is fed for 1 time every 20 days, and the feed feeding amount is 25-40 g of the feed intake per day. The chicken manure needs to be fully fermented, and the heavy metal content needs to meet the feed standard.
Fourthly, putting earthworm seedlings
The selected earthworm seedlings all meet the quality standard of the earthworm seedlings (see table 4). After the feed is put in a whole, the feed is put in every production week. The amount of the pellets was 500 pellets per square. Digging a plurality of small holes in the prepared breeding field by using a digging hoe, uniformly throwing earthworm seedlings into the small holes, directly throwing the earthworm seedlings for the first time, and then covering a grass layer; after the earthworms are collected each time, when the earthworms are put in, the covering grass layer is lifted, small holes are dug, the earthworms are put in, and then the grass layer is covered again.
TABLE 4 quality standard of Pheretima aspergillum
Fifth, field management
Covering a grass layer on the surface of the cultivation ground, wherein the thickness of the grass layer is 10 cm; when the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the lumbricus, the sprinkling irrigation is adopted for watering and irrigating, and the condition that the soil is close to wet soil is preferred. The operation channels and drainage ditches among the ridges need to be cleaned frequently to prevent blockage; in the low-lying part, a ridge is transversely broken and a waist ditch is dug so as to drain water; when the water content in the ridge is too large, the covering grass layer can be lifted, and the evaporation of the water content in the soil is accelerated.
In low-temperature seasons, the covering thickness of the grass layer on the ridge surface is increased. For the wind-gap cultivation field, additionally building cold-proof objects on the shed, and building a simple shading shed by using a polyethylene rainproof film; after the temperature rises, the shading shed is opened, and the grass layer coverage is reduced. The weeds around the cultivation land are cleaned regularly, and the cleaned weeds can cover the cultivation ground surface.
Sixthly, prevention and control of diseases, pests, rats and weeds
(1) Disease type and control
The diseases are mostly rot diseases caused by soil acidification. The symptoms are red and swollen genital belt, the whole body becomes black, the body is shortened, moniliform nodules appear, and the genital belt dies or is autolyzed; the control method comprises the following steps: detecting soil acidity regularly, and detecting upper, middle and lower layers in the detection process; adding calcium carbonate to adjust acid in the peracid soil; and (5) filling the ditch and the periphery, and spraying quicklime for disinfection.
(2) Insect pest species and control
The main pests of guangdong earthworm: insects: turnip, ant (including red ant), and parasitic fly; the spiders are: spiders, mites; amphibious: frog; crawling: snakes, lizards, and the like. The control method comprises the following steps: in the serious damage area, yellow plates are inserted and hung on the cushion surface and the periphery; spiders, amphibians, crawlers: and (4) catching by a trap cage.
(3) Rat damage prevention and control
Mainly takes physical mechanical prevention and control, and sticks to mouse glue, a mouse cage or electric shock; dead mice should be collected in time and buried deeply.
(4) Weed control
Covering the ridge surface with grass to prevent the growth of weeds; the distance between the operation way and the periphery is within 2m from the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds.
Detecting soil acidity of the cultivation field in each season, wherein the detection is divided into upper layer detection, middle layer detection and lower layer detection; adding calcium carbonate to adjust acid in the peracid soil; and filling the ditch and the periphery, spraying quicklime for disinfection, and preventing and treating diseases. Yellow plates are inserted and hung around the insect pests to be prevented and controlled; installing a trapping cage, mouse sticking glue or a mouse cage, and collecting and deeply burying dead mice in time; the ridge surface is covered with grass to prevent the growth of weeds. The distance between the operation way and the periphery is within 2m from the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds.
Seventh, collection of earthworm seedling and earthworm species
Collected in spring festival and autumn every year or according to the market demand of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. When in harvesting, the culture land is required to maintain higher humidity (relative humidity is 80-90%), and if the humidity is too low, the culture land can be irrigated to increase the humidity; removing the covering grass layer of the culture land. Collecting immature Pheretima aspergillum by low-voltage electric shock, manually collecting, loading with carrier prepared by mixing feed and soil, and culturing in pollution-free culture land. Increasing voltage, collecting mature Pheretima aspergillum, placing in plastic bucket, supplementing part of strong individuals into seedling breeding field, and processing the rest into Pheretima aspergillum Chinese medicinal materials. And also can be irrigated and harvested by flooding water.
Claims (1)
1. The pollution-free earthworm breeding method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
one, suitable cultivation area
(1) Geographic location
Selecting Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Hainan as the breeding areas in the geographical positions of the Guangdong earthworm breeding areas;
(2) air quality
The air quality of the earthworm breeding area is required to meet the secondary standard in GB3095 atmospheric environment quality standard;
(3) quality of water
The farmland irrigation water in the Guangdong earthworm breeding area meets the secondary standard in the GB 5084 farmland irrigation water quality standard;
(4) soil environment
The soil condition of the earthworm breeding area meets the secondary standard in GB 15618 soil environment quality standard;
secondly, selecting and arranging breeding places
(1) Soil (W) for building
Selecting a farmland with smooth terrain and good drainage in a breeding field, forbidding fields for melons, fruits and vegetables, forbidding herbicide fields with long residual period within 2 years, and forbidding fields for applying pesticides with long residual period in soil within 3 years;
(2) soil(s)
Selecting loam or sandy loam in the cultivation land, wherein the plough layer is more than 30cm, the pH value is 5.5-7.5, and the first cultivation is carried out for one-time ploughing, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm;
(3) ridging
Ridging is carried out after ploughing, the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.2m, the height of each ridge is 30cm, the intervals among the ridges are 15-20cm, the direction of each ridge is in a favorable drainage slope direction, the direction of the south and north is better, and the ridges are formed 10 days before cultivation and seedling throwing;
(4) ditching for
The ditch direction is parallel to the ridges, the middle of each ridge is ditched, the width of each ditch is 10cm, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm; the isolation net is a plastic or metal net with 40-60 meshes, is higher than 50cm and surrounds the culture field;
thirdly, feed and putting
(1) Feed stuff
The feed is chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, the feed needs to be fully fermented, and the heavy metal content needs to meet the feed standard;
(2) feed delivery
The feed feeding method comprises the steps of digging holes and feeding or paving the ground surface, wherein the feed feeding time and the feed feeding frequency are 1 feeding time every 20 days, and the feed feeding amount each time is as follows: the daily average food intake is 25-40 g;
fourthly, putting earthworm seedlings
(1) Requirement for earthworm seeding
The earthworm fry put in is a qualified product which is required to meet the earthworm fry standard;
(2) throwing time and throwing times
After the feed is put in a whole, putting once every production week;
(3) amount of put
The putting amount is 500 pieces per square meter;
(4) delivery method
Digging holes in the prepared cultivation field by using a digging hoe, uniformly throwing earthworm seedlings into the holes, directly throwing the earthworms for the first time, and then covering a grass layer; after collecting the earthworms each time, when putting the earthworms, lifting the covering grass layer, digging a hole, putting the earthworms, and then covering the grass layer again;
fifth, field management
(1) Temperature and illumination control
Covering a grass layer on the surface of the cultivation field, wherein the thickness of the grass layer is 10 cm;
(2) moisture control/irrigation
When the soil moisture can not meet the growth requirement of the lumbricus, watering and irrigating are needed, and sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation is adopted, so that the soil is close to wet soil;
(3) drainage of stagnant water
The operation channels and drainage ditches among the ridges need to be cleaned frequently to prevent blockage, and the low-lying parts need to be transversely broken and dug into waist ditches to drain water; when the water in the ridges is too large, the covering grass layer is lifted, and the evaporation of the water in the soil is accelerated;
(4) cold-proof
In low-temperature seasons, the covering thickness of the ridge surface grass layer is increased, cold-proof objects on the shed are erected, the air port culture area is erected, a simple shading shed is erected, and polyethylene rain-proof films are used; after the temperature rises, the grass layer coverage is reduced, and the shading shed is opened;
(5) clearing garden
Periodically cleaning weeds around the culture land, and cleaning the weeds to cover the culture ground surface;
sixthly, prevention and control of diseases, pests, rats and weeds
(1) Disease type and control
The diseases are mostly rot diseases caused by soil acidification, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps: detecting soil acidity regularly, and detecting upper, middle and lower layers in the detection process; adding calcium carbonate to adjust acid in the peracid soil; filling the ditch and the periphery, and spraying quicklime for disinfection;
(2) insect pest species and control
The main pests of guangdong earthworm: insects: turnip, ant, parasitic fly; the spiders are: spiders, mites; amphibious: frog; crawling: snakes and lizards, and the control method comprises the following steps: in the serious damage area, yellow plates are inserted and hung on the cushion surface and the periphery; capturing spiders, amphibians and crawlers by using a trapping cage;
(3) rat damage prevention and control
Mainly takes physical mechanical prevention and control, and sticks to mouse glue, a mouse cage or electric shock; collecting dead mice in time and deeply burying the dead mice;
(4) weed control
Covering the ridge surface with grass to prevent the growth of weeds; the distance between the operation way and the peripheral periphery is within 2m of the ridge, and the artificial weeding is carried out to ensure the growth of no weeds;
seventhly, harvesting
(1) Preparation before harvest
When in harvesting, the culture land is required to keep higher humidity, and if the humidity is too low, the humidity is increased by irrigation; removing the covering grass layer of the breeding land;
(2) harvesting method
Collecting immature Pheretima aspergillum by low-voltage electric shock, manually collecting, loading with carrier mixed with fodder and soil, culturing in pollution-free culture field, collecting mature Pheretima aspergillum by increasing voltage, loading with plastic barrel, supplementing part of strong individuals into seedling breeding field, and processing the rest into Pheretima aspergillum Chinese medicinal materials, or irrigating and collecting with water.
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| CN107821336B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2021-05-11 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | Method for evaluating quality of individual and population of earthworm fry |
| CN111296367B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-12-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrial earthworm cultivation method in facility greenhouse |
| CN111296366B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-12-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrial earthworm cultivation method in open air environment |
| CN114009599A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-08 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Artificial breeding feed for promoting rapid growth of Pheretima aspergillum |
| CN114946769A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽致和堂药业有限公司 | Earthworm ecological breeding method |
| CN115380788A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-25 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Taro-lumbricus planting and breeding combination method |
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| CN106954590A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-07-18 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of method that vermiculture is carried out using cow dung |
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