CN108782467A - A kind of method of wide dragon seedling breeding - Google Patents
A kind of method of wide dragon seedling breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782467A CN108782467A CN201810602129.8A CN201810602129A CN108782467A CN 108782467 A CN108782467 A CN 108782467A CN 201810602129 A CN201810602129 A CN 201810602129A CN 108782467 A CN108782467 A CN 108782467A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of wide dragon seedling breeding.Include suitable for culture zone selection, select and arrange to seedling cultivation, feed and dispensing, dispensings of earthworm kind, field management, the prevention of disease pest mouse crop smothering and earthworm seedling harvest.The present invention solves the problems, such as the breeding of wide dragon seedling, provides good wide dragon earthworm seedling, provides safeguard for wide dragon aquaculture, solves herb resource shortage problem, while also providing quality assurance for wide dragon Chinese medicine.The method of the present invention can be additionally used in the seedling breeding of other medicinal earthworms in south.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to vermicultures and Chinese material medicine resource development technique field, and in particular to a kind of wide dragon seedling breeding
Method.
Background technology：
It is recorded according to China's pharmacopeia, Pheretima aspergillum is Annelida Ju Yin sections animal, practises and claims " wide dragon ", is that China passes
The animal tcm material of system has thousands of years medication history.Wide dragon is distributed mainly on Guangdong, Guangxi.Earthworm is cold in nature, taste
Salty, primary efficacy has heat-clearing arresting convulsion, dredging collateral to relieving asthma, diuresis.For curing mainly unconsciousness due to high fever, twitch, joint pain, limbs
Numbness, hemiplegia, dyspnea and cough due to lung-heat, oedema oliguria, hypertension etc..Wide dragon has more pharmacological action, including decompression is put down
Asthma, antipyretic-antalgic, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, antitumor etc., are widely used in clinical treatment.Genuine medicine of the wide dragon as Guangdong
Material is acknowledged as best in quality in medicinal material industry.
With the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine industry, the demand of Chinese medicine is increasingly increased, supply falls short of demand for market often appearance
The phenomenon that.China's wide dragon medicinal material basic source is in wild, and since market demand is excessive, rise in price is fast, excessive capture
So that wide dragon wild resource increasingly falls sharply, establishing wide dragon artificial breeding also becomes the key for solving wide dragon shortage of resources
Point.Wide dragon seedling breeding technology is the key link of wide dragon cultivation, and the key technology of artificial breeding.In recent years, earthworm
Earthworm aquaculture development is rapid, and cultural technique is also gradual ripe, but breed variety is mostly big No. two flat, and No. two individuals flat greatly are small,
Adaptable, breeding potential is high, can high-density breeding, and wide dragon individual is big, and wild nature is stronger, and artificial breeding wide dragon is also in touching
The rope stage.There is presently no ripe wide dragon seedling breeding technologies.
Invention content：
Present invention aims at the breeding for solving the problems, such as wide dragon seedling, a kind of good wide dragon seedling breeding is provided
Method.
A kind of method of wide dragon seedling breeding of the present invention, includes the following steps：
(a) suitable for the selection of culture zone：Air quality requirements：Air quality need to meet《Country of the People's Republic of China (PRC) marks
Quasi air quality standard》(GB3095-1996) secondary standard in；Water quality requirement：Farmland is irrigate to be met with water《Middle Chinese
People republic national standard field irrigation standards of water quality》(GB5084-2005) secondary standard in；Soil environment requirement：Choosing
Loam or sand loam are selected, topsoil 30cm or more, soil pH 5.5~7.5, edaphic condition meets《Country of the People's Republic of China (PRC)
Standard soil environmental quality standards》(GB15618-1995) secondary standard in；
(b) selection of seedling cultivation ground and arrangement：The farmland that seedling cultivation ground selection topography is smooth, has drained；40-60 is installed
Mesh separation net, high 50cm or more, around cultivation ground；Cultivation is once ploughed before throwing seedling, and 30~40cm of tilling depth rises after ploughing
Ridge, 1.0~1.2m of row spacing, the high 30cm in ridge are spaced 15~20cm between ridge；Trench digging is arranged, ditch is opened among ridge to parallel for same ridge
Ditch；
(c) feed and dispensing：Complete poultry class excrement will have been fermented in the dispensing of the ridge caves Shang Wa or the ridge earth's surface that tiles；Every 20 days
It feeds intake 1 time, feed injected volume is counted for 25~40 grams of the average daily food ration of each input amount every；
(d) earthworm kind is launched：It is launched for the first time to be launched behind whole good ground, launches earthworm kind conduct after harvesting earthworm seedling every time later
Supplement；
(e) field management：Seedling cultivates ground surface and covers grass layer；Soil moisture cannot meet wide dragon growth when needing,
Watering Irrigation is carried out, is advisable close to wet soil with soil；It drains flooded fields in time, the work road and gutter between ridge will be cleared up often, prevent
It blocks；Low-lying place laterally to break ridge dig waist ditch, to drain；When moisture is excessive in ridge, covering grass layer is raised, native moisture content is accelerated to steam
Hair；Low temperature season increases the cladding thickness of ridge table grass layer；Ground is cultivated for air port, upper cold-proof object of in addition puing up a shed takes shading shed,
After the temperature rises, shading shed is raised, and reduces grass layer covering, periodic cleaning weeds；
(f) prevention of disease pest mouse crop smothering；
(g) earthworm seedling harvests.
The first time injected volume that step (d) the earthworm kind is launched is 100 every square metre, harvests earthworm seedling every time later
Afterwards, 30 earthworm kinds are launched as supplement using every square metre.
The separation net is preferably plastics or metal mesh.
The width of the ditch is preferably 10cm, and depth is preferably 30cm.
The diameter in the cave described in step (c) is preferably 20cm, and depth is preferably 20 centimetres.
The thickness of grass layer described in step (e) is preferably 10cm.
The poultry class excrement is chicken manure, cow dung or pig manure.It is preferred that chicken manure, is secondly cow dung, feed need to pass through fully hair
Ferment is good, and content of beary metal need to meet forage standard.
The prevention of the disease pest mouse crop smothering is specially：When soil aciditiy peracid, add calcium carbonate tune sour；Furrow and surrounding,
Lime disinfection is spilt, controlling disease occurs；It inserts and hangs yellow plate, prevention insect is caused harm；Cage trap, Mouse adhering glue or mouse cage are installed, to dead
Mouse should collect buried in time；Ridge face is covered with grass layer, controlling weeds growth；Within work road and circumferential perimeter are away from ridge 2m, manually
Weeding ensures without weed growth.
The harvesting is preferably the harvesting of low tension electric shock or water flood irrigation harvesting.
The present invention is provided a kind of wide dragon seedling breeding technology, is solved wide dragon and manually supported by a series of experiment
The seedling breeding problem occurred in the process is grown, the breeding potential and survival rate of wide dragon are improved, good earthworm seedling is provided, is solved simultaneously
Wide dragon Chinese material medicine resource shortage problem.
Specific implementation mode：
The following examples are further illustrations of the invention, rather than limiting the invention.
1. suitable for culture zone
(1) geographical location
The geographical location of wide dragon culture zone can be located at the ground, preferably Guangdong, Guangxi such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan.
(2) air quality
The air quality of wide dragon culture zone need to meet《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's ambient air quality》
(GB3095-1996) secondary standard in.
(3) water quality
The farmland of wide dragon culture zone is irrigate to be met with water《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation water quality mark
It is accurate》(GB5084-2005) secondary standard in.
(4) soil environment
The edaphic condition of wide dragon culture zone meets《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality》
(GB15618-1995) secondary standard in.
2. seedling cultivation ground selection and arrangement
(1) soil
Seedling cultivation ground need to select the farmland that topography is smooth, has drained, and disable melon fruits and vegetables land used, and disabling is applied in 2 years
The herbicide plot of residual life length, disables soil application high residue phase long pesticide plot in 3 years.
(2) soil
Seedling cultivation ground need to select loam or sand loam, and topsoil 30cm or more, pH 5.5~7.5, cultivation can for the first time
It is once ploughed, tilling depth 30cm~40cm.
(3) ridging
Plough rear ridging, row spacing 1.0~1.2m, high 30cm or so.15~20cm is spaced between ridge, ridge is to general by advantageous row
Water slope aspect, south-north direction are preferable；Cultivation does ridge in 10 days or so before throwing seedling；After harvesting, continuing cultivation need not then plough and ridging.
(4) it ditches
Ditch to for same ridge it is parallel, trench digging, ditch width about 10cm, depth 30cm among ridge；Separation net is 40-60 mesh ditch plastics
Or metal mesh, high 50cm or more, around cultivation field.
3. feed and dispensing
(1) feed
Feed type is chicken manure, cow dung and pig manure, preferably chicken manure, is secondly cow dung, and feed, which need to pass through, fully to be fermented, weight
Tenor need to meet forage standard.
(2) feed is launched
Feed put-on method is to dig cave dispensing or tiling earth's surface, preferably digs cave and launches；Feed release time and number are every
It feeds intake within 20 days 1 time, feed injected volume is counted for 25~40 grams of the average daily food ration of each input amount every.
4. earthworm kind is launched
(1) earthworm kind requirement
The earthworm kind need of dispensing meet the certified products of wide dragon earthworm kind standard.
(2) release time and impressions
For the first time be whole good ground after launch, later every time harvesting earthworm seedling after, launch some earthworm kinds as supplement.
(3) injected volume
First time injected volume is 100 every square metre, later appropriate supplement.
(4) put-on method
Multiple vesicles are dug in the cultivation field put in order with trench-hoe, earthworm kind is uniformly launched toward vesicle, for the first time directly to throw
It puts, then covers grass layer；Later every time after harvesting earthworm seedling, when launching earthworm kind, vesicle is dug after raising covering grass layer, launches earthworm kind,
Then grass layer is covered again again.
5. field management
(1) temperature and illumination control
It cultivates ground surface and covers grass layer, thickness 10cm.
(2) humid control/irrigation
Soil moisture cannot meet wide dragon growth when needing, it is necessary to and watering Irrigation is carried out, sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation can be used, with
Soil is advisable close to wet soil.
(3) it drains flooded fields
Work road and gutter between ridge will be cleared up often, prevent from blocking.Low-lying place laterally to break ridge dig waist ditch, to arrange
Water；When moisture is excessive in ridge, covering grass layer can be raised, accelerates native moisture evaporation.
(4) cold-proof
Low temperature season can increase the cladding thickness of ridge table grass layer；Easy screening is taken in cold-proof object on scaffolding, air port culture zone
Cool canopy, with polyethylene rain-proof film；After the temperature rises, grass layer covering can be reduced, shading shed is raised.
(5) clear garden
Periodic cleaning, cultivation ground Weeds Around, cleaning weeds can be covered in cultivation ground surface.
6. the prevention of disease pest mouse crop smothering
(1) disease species and prevention
Disease is mostly that soil acidification causes rot.Its symptom is that clitellum is red and swollen, and whole body blackening, body shortens, and occurs
Beads shape tubercle, dead or self-dissolving；Control method：Periodic detection soil aciditiy, the layer detection of detection time-division upper, middle and lower；Cross sour soil
Earth adds calcium carbonate tune sour；Furrow and surrounding, spill lime disinfection.
(2) insect pest type and prevention
Wide dragon Major Pests：Insects：Blister beetle, ant (including red fire ant), tachinid；Araneae：Spider, mite class；
Amphibian animal：Frog；Reptiles：Snake, lizard etc..Control method：Cause harm critical regions, ridge face and surrounding insert and hang yellow plate；Araneae,
Amphibian animal, reptiles：Cage trap captures.
(3) rat plague control
Based on physico mechanical control, Mouse adhering glue, mouse cage or electric shock；Dead mouse should be collected in time buried.
(4) prevention and control of weeds
Ridge face is covered with grass, controlling weeds growth；Within work road and circumferential perimeter are away from ridge 2m, artificial weeding ensures nothing
Weed growth.
7. earthworm seedling harvests
(1) prepare before harvesting
Cultivation ground is required to keep higher levels of humidity that can irrigate increase humidity if humidity is too small when harvesting；It covers on removal cultivation ground
Straw mulch.
(2) collecting method
Low tension electric shock harvesting, collected by hand are contained with feed and the carrier of soil mixture；It can also be adopted with water flood irrigation
It receives.
Embodiment 1：
1) suitable for the selection of culture zone
The Guangxi province Yulin City Luchuan County villages Lu Xuan farmland, the water sample of soil sample and ambient enviroment to farmland is selected to carry out a huge sum of money
Belong to content detection, the results showed that the soil of cultivation base meets《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's standard of soil environment quality》
(GB15618-1995) secondary standard in, water quality meet《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's field irrigation standards of water quality》
(GB5084-2005) secondary standard in (as shown in table 1, table 2).Without air pollution, air quality meets for culture zone simultaneously《In
Magnificent people's republic's national standard ambient air quality》(GB3095-1996) secondary standard in is suitble to wide dragon artificial
Cultivation.Location ambient enviroment is quiet, and nearby jungle area coverage is wide, traffic convenience, is chosen to be wide dragon Breeding base.
Table 1：The content of beary metal detection of cultivation ground soil
The content of beary metal detection of the cultivation of table 2. ground water
2) selection of seedling cultivation ground and arrangement
The herbicide for not applying residual life length is selected in 2 years in the farmland that seedling cultivation ground selection topography is smooth, has drained
Farmland；The villages Lu Xuan wide dragon Breeding base is loam, and topsoil 35m cultivates ground pH value as 6.1~6.8 (such as 3 institute of table after testing
Show), mean ph value 6.4.40~60 mesh metal isolation nets, high 50cm or more, around cultivation ground are installed.Spring carries out for the first time
It ploughs, tilling depth 40cm；Plough rear ridging, row spacing 1.0~1.2m, high 30cm or so.15~20cm is spaced between ridge, ridge is to by advantageous
Drain slope aspect, south-north direction；Cultivation does ridge in 10 days or so before throwing seedling；The ditch of trench digging to for same ridge it is parallel, trench digging, furrow width among ridge
Spend about 10cm, depth 30cm.
The pH value on the cultivation of table 3. ground measures
3) feed and dispensing
With trench-hoe in the ridge caves Shang Wa, the diameter in each cave is about 20 centimetres, and depth is about 20 centimetres, will have been fermented
The uniform dispenser of full chicken manure is in cave；Feed intake 1 time within every 20 days, feed injected volume be the average daily food ration of each input amount every 25~
40 grams of meters.
4) earthworm kind is launched
The earthworm kind selected meets the quality standard (being shown in Table 4) of wide dragon earthworm kind.For the first time to be launched behind whole good ground, after
Every time after harvesting earthworm seedling, 30 earthworm kinds are launched as supplement using every square metre.First time injected volume is 100 every square metre.With
Trench-hoe digs multiple vesicles in the cultivation put in order, uniformly launches earthworm kind toward vesicle, for the first time directly to launch, then covers
Grass layer；Later every time after harvesting earthworm seedling, when launching earthworm kind, vesicle is dug after raising covering grass layer, earthworm kind is launched, then covers again again
Cover grass layer.
4. wide dragon earthworm kind quality standard of table
Note：Vigor is that wide dragon is placed in a concentration of 50% alcohol, waits for that its anesthesia to body is in needed for relaxed state
Time
5) field management
It cultivates ground surface and covers grass layer, thickness 10cm；Soil moisture cannot meet wide dragon growth when needing, using sprinkling irrigation
Watering Irrigation is carried out, is advisable close to wet soil (humidity is 60%~80%) with soil.It drains flooded fields in time, the work road between ridge and draining
Ditch will be cleared up often, prevent from blocking；Low-lying place laterally to break ridge dig waist ditch, to drain；When moisture is excessive in ridge, it can raise
Grass layer is covered, native moisture evaporation is accelerated.
Low temperature season (temperature is less than 10 DEG C), increases the cladding thickness of ridge table grass layer.Ground is cultivated for air port, is in addition put up a shed
Upper cold-proof object, easy shading shed is taken with polyethylene rain-proof film；After the temperature rises, shading shed is raised, and reduces grass layer covering.It is fixed
Phase clears up, and cultivation ground Weeds Around, cleaning weeds can be covered in cultivation ground surface.
6) prevention of disease pest mouse crop smothering
Soil aciditiy, the layer detection of detection time-division upper, middle and lower are quarterly detected to cultivation；Peracid soil (soil pH
It is sour less than calcium carbonate tune 5.5), is added；Ditch and surrounding are padded, lime disinfection is spilt, controlling disease occurs.Surrounding, which is inserted, hangs yellow plate, prevention
Insect is caused harm；Cage trap, Mouse adhering glue or mouse cage are installed, dead mouse should be collected in time buried；Ridge face is covered with grass, controlling weeds
Growth.Within work road and circumferential perimeter are away from ridge 2m, artificial weeding ensures without weed growth.
7) earthworm seedling harvests
Annual Spring Festival harvesting, or need to harvest by order according to market.Cultivation ground is required to keep higher levels of humidity when harvesting
(80-90%) can irrigate increase humidity if humidity is too small；Removal cultivation ground covering grass layer；Low tension electric shock harvesting, by hand
Acquisition is contained with feed and the carrier of soil mixture.
5. wide dragon earthworm seedling of table harvesting statistics (after seedling breeding 3 months)
| Project | 1 (area of processing ground：1m2) | 2 (areas of processing ground：1m2) | 3 (areas of processing ground：1m2) |
| Launch earthworm kind amount (item) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Harvest earthworm seedling amount (item) | 262 | 257 | 283 |
| Breeding ratio | 1:2.6 | 1:2.6 | 1:2.8 |
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of wide dragon seedling breeding, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(a) suitable for the selection of culture zone：Air quality requirements：Air quality need to meet《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's ring
Border air quality standard》(GB3095-1996) secondary standard in；Water quality requirement：Farmland is irrigate to be met with water《The Chinese people are total
With state's national standard field irrigation standards of water quality》(GB5084-2005) secondary standard in；Soil environment requirement：Select earth
Soil or sand loam, topsoil 30cm or more, soil pH 5.5~7.5, edaphic condition meets《National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standard of soil environment quality》(GB15618-1995) secondary standard in；
(b) selection of seedling cultivation ground and arrangement：The farmland that seedling cultivation ground selection topography is smooth, has drained；Install 40-60 mesh every
Off-network, high 50cm or more, around cultivation ground；Cultivation is once ploughed before throwing seedling, and 30~40cm of tilling depth ploughs rear ridging, ridge
Wide 1.0~1.2m, the high 30cm in ridge are spaced 15~20cm between ridge；Arrange trench digging, ditch to for same ridge it is parallel, trench digging among ridge；
(c) feed and dispensing：Complete poultry class excrement will have been fermented in the dispensing of the ridge caves Shang Wa or the ridge earth's surface that tiles；It feeds intake within every 20 days
1 time, feed injected volume is counted for 25~40 grams of the average daily food ration of each input amount every；
(d) earthworm kind is launched：It is launched for the first time to be launched behind whole good ground, launches earthworm kind after harvesting earthworm seedling every time later and be used as supplement；
(e) field management：Seedling cultivates ground surface and covers grass layer；Soil moisture cannot meet wide dragon growth when needing, and carry out
Watering Irrigation is advisable with soil close to wet soil；It drains flooded fields in time, the work road and gutter between ridge will be cleared up often, prevent from blocking；
Low-lying place laterally to break ridge dig waist ditch, to drain；When moisture is excessive in ridge, covering grass layer is raised, accelerates native moisture evaporation；It is low
Warm season increases the cladding thickness of ridge table grass layer；Ground is cultivated for air port, upper cold-proof object of in addition puing up a shed takes shading shed, on temperature
After rising, shading shed is raised, and reduces grass layer covering, periodic cleaning weeds；
(f) prevention of disease pest mouse crop smothering；
(g) earthworm seedling harvests.
2. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (d) the earthworm kind is thrown
The first time injected volume put be 100 every square metre, later every time harvesting earthworm seedling after, using every square metre launch 30 earthworm kinds as
Supplement.
3. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the separation net be plastics or
Metal mesh.
4. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the width of the ditch is
10cm, depth 30cm.
5. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cave described in step (c) it is straight
Diameter is 20cm, and depth is 20 centimetres.
6. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that grass layer described in step (e)
Thickness is 10cm.
7. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the poultry class excrement is chicken
Excrement, cow dung or pig manure.
8. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the disease pest mouse crop smothering is prevented
Fixture body is：When soil aciditiy peracid, add calcium carbonate tune sour；Furrow and surrounding, spill lime disinfection, and controlling disease occurs；It inserts
Yellow plate is hung, prevention insect is caused harm；Cage trap, Mouse adhering glue or mouse cage are installed, dead mouse should be collected in time buried；It is covered with grass layer in ridge face
Lid, controlling weeds growth；Within work road and circumferential perimeter are away from ridge 2m, artificial weeding ensures without weed growth.
9. the method for wide dragon seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the harvesting is low tension electricity
Hit harvesting or water flood irrigation harvesting.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019091497A1 (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-16 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | Earthworm juvenile individual and group quality evaluation methods |
| CN111296366A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrial earthworm cultivation method in open air environment |
| CN111296367A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrial earthworm cultivation method in facility greenhouse |
| CN114946769A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽致和堂药业有限公司 | Earthworm ecological breeding method |
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| CN106954590A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-07-18 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of method that vermiculture is carried out using cow dung |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019091497A1 (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-16 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | Earthworm juvenile individual and group quality evaluation methods |
| CN111296366A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrial earthworm cultivation method in open air environment |
| CN111296367A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrial earthworm cultivation method in facility greenhouse |
| CN114946769A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽致和堂药业有限公司 | Earthworm ecological breeding method |
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|---|---|
| CN108782467B (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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