CN111108009B - 越野前部悬架系统 - Google Patents

越野前部悬架系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111108009B
CN111108009B CN201880036553.9A CN201880036553A CN111108009B CN 111108009 B CN111108009 B CN 111108009B CN 201880036553 A CN201880036553 A CN 201880036553A CN 111108009 B CN111108009 B CN 111108009B
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Prior art keywords
suspension
spindle assembly
coupled
parallel prongs
chassis
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CN201880036553.9A
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CN111108009A (zh
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罗比·戈登
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Luo BiGedeng
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Luo BiGedeng
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
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    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/22—Arrangements for reducing or eliminating reaction, e.g. vibration, from parts, e.g. wheels, of the steering system
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    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0047—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements
    • B60B27/0052—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements the element being a brake disc
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    • B60B3/16—Attaching disc body to hub ; Wheel adapters by bolts or the like
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    • B60G15/062—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/063—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper characterised by the mounting of the spring on the damper
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    • B60K17/306—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles the ultimate propulsive elements, e.g. ground wheels, being steerable with a universal joint in the axis of the steering knuckle
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    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/54—Obstruction removers or deflectors
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    • B62D21/11—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted with resilient means for suspension, e.g. of wheels or engine; sub-frames for mounting engine or suspensions
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    • F16D2001/103—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially the torque is transmitted via splined connections

Abstract

提供一种用于使前轮与越野车辆的底盘耦接的悬架。所述悬架包括上悬架臂和下悬架臂，上悬架臂和下悬架臂均包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到与所述前轮耦接的主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头。包括每一外侧杆端部接头的球借由螺栓紧固在从所述主轴组件延伸的一对平行叉头之间。所述上悬架臂被构造成有利于将撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。转向杆借由安置在驱动车轴前面的转向杆端部接头与所述主轴组件耦接，从而降低所述前轮在所述转向杆上的杠杆作用并且基本上消除可能因崎岖地形而发生的起伏转向。

Description

越野前部悬架系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年3月22日提交的美国专利申请No.15/933,212的权益和优先权，所述美国专利申请要求于2017年4月3日提交并且具有申请序列号62/480,960的标题为“Off-Road Front Suspension System”（“越野前部悬架系统”）的美国临时申请的优先权。
技术领域
本公开内容的技术领域大体涉及车辆悬架系统。更具体地，本发明的技术领域涉及一种被构造成改善越野动力传动系的机械强度和性能的越野前部悬架系统。
背景技术
双横臂悬架是使用上叉骨形臂和下叉骨形臂来可操作地耦接车辆的前轮的众所周知的独立悬架设计。通常，上叉骨和下叉骨或悬架臂均具有到车辆的底盘的两个安装点以及在主轴组件或转向节处的一个安装接头。减震器和螺旋弹簧可以安装到叉骨上以控制前轮的竖直移动。双横臂悬架有利于在整个悬架行进中对车轮运动的控制，包括控制诸如外倾角、后倾角、小端接触（toe pattern）、侧倾中心高度、刮擦半径、磨损等等的参数。
双横臂悬架可以用于各种各样的车辆中，包括重型车辆以及许多越野车辆，如图1中所示。图1示出了并排类型的越野车辆100。所述并排车辆是四轮驱动越野车辆，其通常可坐2至6名乘员，并且有时被称为多功能任务车辆（UTV）、休闲越野车辆（ROV）或多用途越野多功能车辆（MOHUV）。除并排座位布置结构以外，许多UTV还具有安全带和防翻滚保护，并且一些UTV在车辆的后部处可以具有货物箱。大多数UTV出厂时配备有硬顶、挡风玻璃和驾驶室外壳。
双横臂悬架通常称为“双A-臂”，尽管所述臂可以是A形、L形、J形或者甚至单杆连杆机构。在一些实施例中，上臂可以比下臂短，以便在悬架颠簸（上升）时引起负的外倾。优选地，在车辆的转弯期间，车身侧倾向轻载内轮赋予正的外倾增益，而重载外轮获得负的外倾。
主轴组件或转向节耦接在上悬架臂和下悬架臂的外侧端部之间。在一些设计中，转向节包含有利于车轮的水平径向移动的主销，以及用于车轮的竖直铰接移动的橡胶或耳轴衬套。在一些相对更新的设计中，球形接头可以安置在每一外侧端部处以允许车轮的竖直和径向移动。轴承毂、或车轮轴承可以安装到的主轴可以与转向节的中心耦接。
恒速（CV）接头允许悬架臂和主轴组件的枢转，而耦接到CV接头的驱动轴将动力递送到车轮。虽然CV接头通常用于前轮驱动车辆中，但是越野车辆（诸如四轮越野车）在所有车轮处都包括CV接头。恒速接头通常由橡胶套保护并且填充有二硫化钼润滑脂。
假定越野车辆在非常崎岖地形（诸如山地）上常规行进，则期望改善越野动力传动系和悬架系统的机械强度和性能，同时降低此类系统的机械复杂性。
发明内容
提供一种用于使前轮与越野车辆的底盘耦接的悬架。所述悬架包括上悬架臂，所述上悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到与所述前轮耦接的主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头。下悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到所述主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头。每一外侧杆端部接头包括可在能够与上悬架臂和下悬架臂中的每者以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。螺栓将所述球中的每者紧固在从所述主轴组件延伸的一对平行叉头之间，使得上悬架臂和下悬架臂可以在所述主轴组件的竖直运动期间以及在主轴组件因转向所致的水平旋转期间相对于所述主轴组件枢转。包括减震器和螺旋弹簧的撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。所述上悬架臂被构造成有利于将所述撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。转向杆借由安置在所述主轴组件的前部处的转向杆端部接头与所述主轴组件耦接。所述转向杆端部接头包括可在能够与所述转向杆以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。一对平行叉头以及螺栓使所述转向杆端部与所述主轴组件铰接地耦接，使得所述转向杆端部接头在所述越野车辆的操作期间允许所述主轴组件的竖直和水平旋转运动。所述转向杆端部接头在驱动车轴前方与所述主轴组件耦接，从而降低所述前轮在所述转向杆上的杠杆作用并且基本上消除可能因崎岖地形而发生的起伏转向。
在示例性实施例中，一种用于使前轮与越野车辆的底盘耦接的悬架包括：上悬架臂，所述上悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到与所述前轮耦接的主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头；下悬架臂，所述下悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到所述主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头；撑杆，所述撑杆包括耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间的减震器和螺旋弹簧；以及转向杆，所述转向杆借由安置在所述主轴组件的前部处的转向杆端部接头与所述主轴组件耦接。
在另一示例性实施例中，所述撑杆借由下枢轴安装到所述下悬架臂，并且上枢轴将所述撑杆的顶部耦接到所述底盘。在另一示例性实施例中，所述撑杆被构造成控制因所述前轮响应于地形进行的移动所致的所述前部悬架系统的竖直铰接。在另一示例性实施例中，上悬架臂可以被适当地构造成有利于将所述撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。在另一示例性实施例中，上悬架臂按J形臂的形式构造。
在另一示例性实施例中，包括恒速（CV）接头的驱动车轴耦接在驱动桥（transaxle）和所述前轮之间，所述驱动车轴被构造成将扭矩从所述驱动桥引导到所述前轮，所述CV接头被构造成在所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂因道路状况所致的竖直枢转期间允许从所述驱动桥到所述前轮的不间断扭矩传递。在另一示例性实施例中，所述外侧杆端部接头中的每者包括可在能够与所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂中的每者以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。在另一示例性实施例中，螺栓将所述球紧固在从所述主轴组件延伸的一对平行叉头之间，凹口安置在所述一对平行叉头之间并且具有适于固定地接纳所述球并且允许所述壳体在所述球上进行所期望程度的移动的形状和大小。在另一示例性实施例中，所述球中的每者被构造成在其相应壳体内旋转，使得所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂可以在所述主轴组件的竖直运动期间相对于所述主轴组件枢转，并且使得所述主轴组件可以在转向期间相对于所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂经历水平旋转。在另一示例性实施例中，所述一对平行叉头以及所述螺栓被构造成提供可以承受是单剪切接头可以承受的传入力两倍的传入力的双剪切接头。
在另一示例性实施例中，所述转向杆端部接头包括可在能够与所述转向杆以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。在另一示例性实施例中，一对平行叉头以及螺栓使所述转向杆端部与所述主轴组件铰接地耦接，使得所述转向杆端部接头在所述越野车辆的操作期间允许所述主轴组件的竖直和水平旋转运动。在另一示例性实施例中，转向杆端部接头在驱动车轴前方与所述主轴组件耦接，从而提供有利地降低所述前轮在所述转向杆上的杠杆作用并且基本上消除可能因崎岖地形而发生的起伏转向的前部转向系统。
在示例性实施例中，一种用于使前轮与越野车辆的底盘耦接的悬架包括：上悬架臂，所述上悬架臂通过外侧杆端部接头耦接到主轴组件并且通过至少一个或多个内侧安装点耦接到所述底盘；下悬架臂，所述下悬架臂通过外侧杆端部接头耦接到所述主轴组件并且通过至少一个或多个内侧安装点耦接到所述底盘；撑杆，所述撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间；以及转向杆，所述转向杆通过转向杆端部接头耦接到所述主轴组件的前部。
在另一示例性实施例中，所述撑杆包括被构造成减弱响应于地形而发生的所述底盘和所述前轮之间的竖直运动的减震器和螺旋弹簧。在另一示例性实施例中，主轴组件包括一个或多个滚柱轴承，所述滚柱轴承支撑至少一恒速接头和所述前轮，使得不间断扭矩可以在所述主轴组件相对于所述底盘的竖直和水平移动期间从驱动桥传递到所述前轮。
在另一示例性实施例中，外侧杆端部接头包括安装在包括所述主轴组件的U形夹内并且可旋转地安置在与悬架臂耦接的壳体内的球。在另一示例性实施例中，U形夹包括从所述主轴组件延伸的平行叉头以及跨越所述平行叉头安置的螺栓，使得所述球可以在所述平行叉头之间固着在所述螺栓上。在另一示例性实施例中，平行叉头被构造成使得所述平行叉头之间的凹口具有适于接纳所述球并且允许所述壳体在所述球上进行所期望程度的移动的形状和大小。在另一示例性实施例中，U形夹被构造成支撑所述球，以便提供双剪切接头。
附图说明
附图参考本公开内容的实施例，在附图中：
图1示出了特别适于实现根据本公开内容的越野前部悬架系统的越野车辆的示例性实施例；
图2示出了被构造成使前轮与越野车辆的乘客侧耦接的前部悬架系统的正视图；以及
图3示出了使主轴组件与上悬架臂和下悬架臂耦接的外侧杆端部接头的示例性实施例的正视图。
虽然本公开内容经受各种修改和替代形式，但是其具体实施例已经在附图中通过示例示出并且将在本文中详细描述。本发明应理解成并不限于所公开的特定形式，而是相反，目的是涵盖落入本公开内容的精神和范围内的所有修改、等效物和替代物。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中，阐述许多具体细节以便提供对本公开内容的透彻理解。然而，对本领域普通技术人员将显而易见的是，可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践本文中所公开的发明。在其他情况下，可以作出特定数字标记，诸如“第一接头”。然而，具体数字标记不应解释为字面顺序，而是解释为“第一接头”不同于“第二接头”。因此，所阐述的具体细节仅是示例性的。具体细节可以与本公开内容的精神和范围不同，但是仍然被构想在本公开内容的精神和范围内。术语“耦接”被定义为意指直接连接到所述部件或者通过另一部件间接连接到所述部件。此外，如本文中所使用的，用于任何数字的值或范围的术语“约”、“大约”或“基本上”指示允许部件的一部分或集合针对如本文中所描述的其预期目的起作用的合适尺寸公差。
一般来说，本公开内容描述了一种用于使前轮与越野车辆的底盘耦接的悬架。所述悬架包括上悬架臂，所述上悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到与所述前轮耦接的主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头。下悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及到所述主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头。每一外侧杆端部接头包括可在能够与上悬架臂和下悬架臂中的每者以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。螺栓将所述球中的每者紧固在从所述主轴组件延伸的一对平行叉头之间，使得上悬架臂和下悬架臂可以在所述主轴组件的竖直运动期间以及在主轴组件因转向所致的水平旋转期间相对于所述主轴组件枢转。包括减震器和螺旋弹簧的撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。所述上悬架臂被构造成有利于将所述撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。转向杆借由安置在所述主轴组件的前部处的转向杆端部接头与所述主轴组件耦接。转向杆端部接头包括可在能够与所述转向杆以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。一对平行叉头以及螺栓使所述转向杆端部与所述主轴组件铰接地耦接，使得所述转向杆端部接头在所述越野车辆的操作期间允许所述主轴组件的竖直和水平旋转运动。转向杆端部接头在驱动车轴前方与所述主轴组件耦接，从而降低所述前轮在所述转向杆上的杠杆作用并且基本上消除可能因崎岖地形而发生的起伏转向。
图1示出了特别适于实现根据本公开内容的越野前部悬架系统的越野车辆100。如上文中所公开的，越野车辆100通常是可坐两个乘员的多功能任务车辆（UTV）类型，其包括防翻滚保护系统104，并且可以具有驾驶室外壳108。越野车辆100的后轮112可以借由纵臂悬架系统与底盘116可操作地耦接。前轮120可以借由本文中所公开的前部悬架系统与底盘116可操作地耦接。然而，应理解的是，本公开内容的前部悬架系统并不限于越野车辆100，而是前部悬架系统可以并入到除UTV以外的各种各样的越野车辆中，而无限制。
图2示出了被构造成使前轮120与越野车辆100的乘客侧耦接的前部悬架系统124的正视图。前部悬架系统124包括使前轮120与底盘116耦接的上悬架臂128和下悬架臂132。上悬架臂128和下悬架臂132中的每者包括到底盘116的两个内侧安装点136以及到主轴组件140的一个外侧安装接头。如将认识到的，上悬架臂128和下悬架臂132通常是有利于控制影响车轮120相对于越野车辆100的取向的各种参数（作为非限制性示例，诸如外倾角、后倾角、小端接触、侧倾中心高度、刮擦半径和磨损）的双横臂类型的悬架。
应理解的是，虽然结合越野车辆100的乘客侧具体地公开了前部悬架系统124，但是驾驶员侧前部悬架系统将与越野车辆的驾驶员侧耦接。应进一步理解的是，驾驶员侧前部悬架系统与前部悬架系统124基本上相同，除了驾驶员侧前部悬架系统被具体构造成与越野车辆100的驾驶员侧一起操作。因此，如将了解的，驾驶员侧前部悬架系统和前部悬架系统124可以被构造为跨越越野车辆100的纵向中线的彼此的映像。
如图2中所示，包括减震器和螺旋弹簧的撑杆144借由下枢轴148安装到下悬架臂132。上枢轴（未示出）将撑杆144的顶部耦接到底盘116。撑杆144被构造成当越野车辆100在崎岖不平地形上行进时控制因前轮120的移动所致的前部悬架系统124的竖直铰接。上悬架臂128可以诸如按J形臂的形式适当地构造，以便有利于将撑杆144耦接在下悬架臂132和底盘116之间，来替代将撑杆耦接在上悬架臂和底盘之间。
在一些实施例中，使撑杆144与下悬架臂132耦接相对于底盘116将撑杆定位成比所述撑杆在与上悬架臂128耦接时的位置低8英寸和10英寸之间。实验观察已经示出的是，撑杆144的较低位置通常有利于越野车辆100的较低重心和相对较小的冲击角，并且消除对使撑杆塔架延伸穿过越野车辆100的车罩并且在其上方延伸的需要。在一个实施例中，在撑杆的完全压缩期间，撑杆144与下悬架臂132的耦接相对于下枢轴148和上枢轴以大致90度定位撑杆。
如图2中所示，驱动车轴146耦接在驱动桥和前轮120之间。驱动车轴146被构造成将扭矩从驱动桥引导到前轮120并且适应前部悬架组件124响应于道路状况进行的竖直枢转运动。如图3中最佳所示，驱动车轴146包括与主轴组件140耦接的恒速（CV）接头152，前轮安装到所述主轴组件上。CV接头152在前部悬架组件124因道路状况所致的竖直枢转期间允许从驱动桥到前轮120的不间断扭矩传递。如将了解的是，主轴组件140通常借由一个或多个滚柱轴承（未示出）支撑CV接头152和前轮120。
如图3中进一步所示，主轴组件140与上悬架臂128和下悬架臂132枢转地耦接。上杆端部接头156将上悬架臂128耦接到主轴组件140，并且下杆端部接头160将下悬架臂132耦接到主轴组件。优选地，上杆端部接头156和下杆端部接头160是海姆接头类型（Heim-joint variety），其中所述接头中的每者由球164构成，球164可在能够与悬架臂128、132中的每者以螺纹方式耦接的壳体168内移动。螺栓172将球164中的每者紧固在从主轴组件140延伸的一对平行叉头176之间。构想的是，安置在每一对平行叉头176之间的凹口180具有适于固定地接纳球164并且允许壳体168在所述球上进行所期望程度的移动的形状和大小。因此，在主轴组件140的竖直运动期间，并且在主轴组件140因转向所致的水平旋转期间，球164在其相应壳体168内旋转，从而允许上悬架臂128和下悬架臂132相对于主轴组件140枢转。
在检查图3时，将认识到的是，上杆端部接头156和下杆端部接头160类似于U形夹紧固件。例如，每一对平行叉头176类似于U形夹，螺栓172类似于U形夹销，并且球164和壳体168类似于柄脚。如此，上杆端部接头156和下杆端部接头160中的每者提供可以承受是在常规前部悬架中使用的单剪切接头可以承受的传入力两倍的传入力的两个剪切平面。
在图3中示出的实施例中，转向杆184使主轴组件140与越野车辆100的转向系统耦接。转向杆184借由类似于上杆端部接头156和下杆端部接头160的杆端部接头188与主轴组件140耦接。因此，构想的是，根据需要，杆端部接头188可以是海姆接头类型，或者可以是衬套类型。一对平行叉头192以及螺栓196使转向杆184与主轴组件140铰接地耦接。如将了解的是，杆端部接头188在越野车辆100的操作期间允许主轴组件140的竖直和水平旋转运动。此外，杆端部接头188在驱动车轴146前方与主轴组件140耦接，从而向越野车辆100提供前部转向系统。实验已经证明的是，图3中所示的前部转向系统有利地降低前轮120在杆端部接头188和转向杆184上的杠杆作用，从而基本上消除可能因通过崎岖地形施加到前轮上的力而发生的起伏转向。
虽然已经根据特定变型和说明性附图描述了本发明，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到，本发明并不限于所描述的变型或附图。另外，在上文所描述的方法和步骤指示按一定次序发生的某些事件的情况下，本领域普通技术人员将认识到，可以修改某些步骤的次序，并且此类修改与本发明的变型一致。另外，某些步骤在可能的情况下可以以并行过程同时实施，并且如上文所描述的那样循序实施。在存在在本公开内容的精神内或等效于在权利要求中发现的本发明的本发明的变型方面来说，目的是本专利还将涵盖这些变型。因此，本公开内容应理解为不受本文中所描述的具体实施例的限制，而是仅受所附权利要求的范围的限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于使越野车辆的前轮与底盘耦接的悬架，其包括：
与所述前轮耦接的主轴组件，该主轴组件包括：
安置在所述主轴组件的顶部处的第一组平行叉头；
安置在所述主轴组件的底部处的第二组平行叉头；
安置在所述主轴组件的前部处的第三组平行叉头；以及
安置在所述第一组平行叉头和所述第二组平行叉头之间的构造成与恒速(CV)接头耦接的孔；
上悬架臂，所述上悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及经由所述第一组平行叉头耦接到所述主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头；
下悬架臂，所述下悬架臂包括到所述底盘的两个内侧安装点以及经由所述第二组平行叉头耦接到所述主轴组件的一个外侧杆端部接头；
撑杆，所述撑杆包括耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间的减震器和螺旋弹簧；以及
转向杆，所述转向杆经由所述第三组平行叉头借由转向杆端部接头与所述主轴组件耦接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的悬架，其中所述撑杆借由下枢轴安装到所述下悬架臂，并且上枢轴将所述撑杆的顶部耦接到所述底盘。
3.根据权利要求2所述的悬架，其中所述撑杆被构造成控制因所述前轮响应于地形进行的移动所致的所述悬架的竖直铰接运动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的悬架，其中所述上悬架臂能够被适当地构造成有利于将所述撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的悬架，其中所述上悬架臂按J形臂的形式构造。
6.根据权利要求1所述的悬架，其中包括恒速(CV)接头的驱动车轴耦接在驱动桥和所述前轮之间，所述驱动车轴被构造成将扭矩从所述驱动桥引导到所述前轮，所述恒速(CV)接头被构造成在所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂因道路状况所致的竖直枢转期间允许从所述驱动桥到所述前轮的不间断扭矩传递。
7.根据权利要求1所述的悬架，其中所述外侧杆端部接头中的每者包括能够在能够与所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂中的每者以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。
8.根据权利要求7所述的悬架，其中螺栓将所述球紧固在从所述主轴组件延伸的一对平行叉头之间，凹口安置在所述一对平行叉头之间并且具有适于固定地接纳所述球并且允许所述壳体在所述球上进行所期望程度的移动的形状和大小。
9.根据权利要求8所述的悬架，其中所述球中的每者被构造成在其相应壳体内旋转，使得所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂能够在所述主轴组件的竖直运动期间相对于所述主轴组件枢转，并且使得所述主轴组件能够在转向期间相对于所述上悬架臂和所述下悬架臂经历水平旋转。
10.根据权利要求8所述的悬架，其中所述一对平行叉头和所述螺栓被构造成提供能够承受是单剪切接头能够承受的传入力两倍的传入力的双剪切接头。
11.根据权利要求1所述的悬架，其中所述转向杆端部接头包括能够在能够与所述转向杆以螺纹方式耦接的壳体内旋转的球。
12.根据权利要求11所述的悬架，其中所述第三组平行叉头以及螺栓使所述转向杆端部与所述主轴组件铰接地耦接，使得所述转向杆端部接头在所述越野车辆的操作期间允许所述主轴组件的竖直和水平旋转运动。
13.根据权利要求11所述的悬架，其中所述转向杆端部接头在驱动车轴前方与所述主轴组件耦接，从而提供前部转向系统，所述前部转向系统有利地降低所述前轮在所述转向杆上的杠杆作用并且基本上消除起伏转向。
14.一种用于使越野车辆的前轮与底盘耦接的悬架，所述悬架包括：
与所述前轮耦接的主轴组件，该主轴组件包括：
安置在所述主轴组件的顶部处的第一组平行叉头；
安置在所述主轴组件的底部处的第二组平行叉头；
安置在所述主轴组件的前部处的第三组平行叉头；以及
安置在所述第一组平行叉头和所述第二组平行叉头之间的构造成与恒速(CV)接头耦接的孔；
上悬架臂，所述上悬架臂经由所述第一组平行叉头通过外侧杆端部接头耦接到所述主轴组件并且通过至少一个或多个内侧安装点耦接到所述底盘；
下悬架臂，所述下悬架臂经由所述第二组平行叉头通过外侧杆端部接头耦接到所述主轴组件并且通过至少一个或多个内侧安装点耦接到所述底盘；
撑杆，所述撑杆耦接在所述下悬架臂和所述底盘之间；以及
转向杆，所述转向杆经由所述第三组平行叉头通过转向杆端部接头耦接到所述主轴组件的前部。
15.根据权利要求14所述的悬架，其中所述撑杆包括被构造成减弱响应于地形而发生的所述底盘和所述前轮之间的竖直运动的减震器和螺旋弹簧。
16.根据权利要求14所述的悬架，其中所述主轴组件包括一个或多个滚柱轴承，所述滚柱轴承支撑至少一恒速接头和所述前轮，使得不间断的扭矩能够在所述主轴组件相对于所述底盘的竖直和水平移动期间从驱动桥传递到所述前轮。
17.根据权利要求14所述的悬架，其中所述外侧杆端部接头包括安装在包括所述主轴组件的U形夹内并且可旋转地安置在与悬架臂耦接的壳体内的球。
18.根据权利要求17所述的悬架，其中所述U形夹包括从所述主轴组件延伸的平行叉头以及跨越所述平行叉头安置的螺栓，使得所述球能够在所述平行叉头之间固着在所述螺栓上。
19.根据权利要求18所述的悬架，其中所述平行叉头被构造成使得所述平行叉头之间的凹口具有适于接纳所述球并且允许所述壳体在所述球上进行所期望程度的移动的形状和大小。
20.根据权利要求17所述的悬架，其中所述U形夹被构造成支撑所述球，以便提供双剪切接头。
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