CN110869621B - 用于结合板件的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于结合板件的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN110869621B
CN110869621B CN201880045975.2A CN201880045975A CN110869621B CN 110869621 B CN110869621 B CN 110869621B CN 201880045975 A CN201880045975 A CN 201880045975A CN 110869621 B CN110869621 B CN 110869621B
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约翰·拉塞尔·巴克内尔
亚哈·纳吉·艾尔·那加
安东尼奥·伯纳德·马丁内斯
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Divergent Technologies Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/01Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening elements specially adapted for honeycomb panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/02Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
    • B62D27/023Assembly of structural joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/02Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
    • B62D27/026Connections by glue bonding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B47/00Suction cups for attaching purposes; Equivalent means using adhesives
    • F16B47/003Suction cups for attaching purposes; Equivalent means using adhesives using adhesives for attaching purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/02Side panels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种用于结合板件的装置和方法。板件可以是商业上现成的(COTS)板件和/或增材制造的板件;并且板件可以使用增材制造的互连元件来结合。凹口和突起可以形成在板件中和互连元件中,以助于板件与互连元件的连接。在另一方法中,可以使用三维(3D)打印来制造带肋三角棱柱。板件然后可以通过在板件之间插入带肋三角棱柱并通过使用用于连结的粘合剂来结合。

Description

用于结合板件的装置和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年5月19日提交的且题为“APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR JOININGPANELS(用于结合板件的装置和方法)”的美国专利申请No.15/600,400的权益,其内容通过引用整体清楚地并入本文。
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及用于将板件结合至板件的技术,并且更具体地涉及通过使用增材制造的零件和技术来结合板件的技术。
背景技术
最近三维(3D)打印(还被称为增材制造)已经呈现出了用于高效地构建机动车和其它运输结构(比如飞机、船舶、摩托车等)的新机会。将增材制造工艺应用于生产这些产品的工业已经被证明生产了在结构上更高效的运输结构。使用3D打印的部件生产的机动车可以制造得更坚固、更轻并且因此更加燃料高效。有利地,与传统制造工艺相比,3D打印不会显著地促进化石燃料的燃烧;因此,用于机动车的零件的3D打印可以被分类为绿色技术。
可以使用先前在传统制造工艺中不可用的不同的复合材料。然而,出于各种原因,用于结合零件的常规技术(比如焊接)可能不是与这些新材料中的一些新材料一起使用的可行替代方案。因此,需要发现和开发使用增材制造的零件和技术来结合复合板件的新方法。
发明内容
下文将参考三维(3D)打印技术更全面地描述用于结合板件的技术的若干方面。
在一个方面,一种装置包括第一板件和第二板件以及互连件。第一板件和第二板件中的每一个都具有板特征。互连件包括第一互连特征和第二互连特征。第一互连特征与用于第一板件的板特征接合,并且第二互连特征与用于第二板件的板特征接合。
该互连件可以被增材制造。而且,板特征中的每一个都可以包括凹口,并且第一互连特征和第二互连特征中的每一个都可以包括突出部。替代地,板特征中的每一个都可以包括突出部,并且第一互连特征和第二互连特征中的每一个都可以包括凹口。第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以被增材制造,并且第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以是蜂窝状夹层板件。而且,互连件可以包括流体运输管道。
所述装置可以进一步包括联接到所述互连件的管道,所述管道用于在板特征中的每一个与第一和第二互连特征中的和所述板特征中的一个对应的一个之间的粘合剂注入。
在另一方面,一种装置包括第一板件、第二板件和增材制造的互连件。增材制造的互连件包括具有附接至第一板件的第一表面和附接至第二板件的第二表面的插入件。
插入件可以是中空的并且包括内部肋状物。该插入件可以包括三角棱柱;而且,该插入件可以包括负载支承结构。第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以被增材制造。而且,第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以是蜂窝状夹层板件。
在另一方面,一种结合板件的方法包括制备用于结合的第一板件和第二板件;并将第一板件的第一表面附接至第二板件的第一表面。使用第一增材制造的互连元件将第一板件的第一表面附接至第二板件的第一表面。
附接步骤可以包括将第一板件的第一表面的突出部插入到第一增材制造的互连元件的凹口中。替代地,附接步骤可以包括将第一增材制造的互连元件的突出部插入到第一板件的第一表面的凹口中。
另外,第一增材制造的互连元件可以包括流体运输管道。第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以被增材制造,并且第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以是蜂窝状夹层板件。
该方法可以进一步包括使用第二增材制造的互连元件将第一板件的第二表面附接至第二板件的第二表面。而且,第二增材制造的互连元件可以包括流体运输管道。
在另一个方面中,一种使用三维(3D)打印结合板件的方法包括制备用于结合的第一板件和第二板件、打印互连件、以及将互连件附接至第一板件和第二板件。
第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以被增材制造,并且第一板件和第二板件中的至少一个可以包括蜂窝状夹层板件。而且,附接步骤可以包括使用粘合剂。
互连件可以包括插入件,并且插入件可以是三角棱柱插入件。此外,插入件可以是中空的并且可以包括内部肋状物。
可以使用先前在传统制造工艺中不可用的不同的复合材料。应该理解的是,从以下详细描述中,结合板件的其它方面对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的,其中仅通过说明的方式示出和描述了几个实施例。如所属领域的技术人员将了解的是,在不脱离本发明的情况下,可以利用其它实施例实现使用增材制造的互连件和互连元件来结合板件。因此,附图和详细描述本质上被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的。
附图说明
现在将在附图中通过示例而非限制的方式以详细描述给出用于结合板件的装置和方法的方法各个方面,其中:
图1示出了使用互连元件结合在一起的板件的俯视截面图。
图2示出了使用三角棱柱结合在一起的板件的俯视截面图。
图3示出了图2的三角棱柱的侧视透视图。
图4概念性地示出了利用互连元件结合第一板件和第二板件的工艺。
图5概念性地示出了利用三角棱柱插入件结合第一板件和第二板件的工艺。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图阐述的详细描述旨在提供使用增材制造技术来结合板件的示例性实施例的描述,并且其不旨在表示可以实践本发明的仅有实施例。贯穿本公开使用的术语“示例性”意味着“用作示例、实例或说明”,并且不应该必须解释为比本公开中给出的其它实施例优选或有利。出于提供向本领域技术人员充分传达本发明的范围的彻底和完整公开的目的,详细描述包括具体细节。然而,可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践本发明。在一些情况下,众所周知的结构和部件可以以框图形式示出,或者完全省略,以便避免模糊贯穿本公开所给出的各种概念。
在结合两个或更多个零件的背景下使用增材制造提供了显著的灵活性和成本节省的益处,这使得机械结构和机械化组件的制造商能够以较低成本向消费者制造具有复杂几何形状的零件。前文中描述的结合技术涉及一种用于连接增材制造的零件和/或商业上现成的(COTS)部件的工艺。增材制造的零件是基于预编程的设计通过在材料层上添加层来打印的打印的三维(3D)零件。前文中描述的零件可以是用于组装诸如机动车的运输结构的零件。然而,本领域技术人员将理解,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,所制造的零件可以用于组装其它复杂的机械产品,诸如车辆、卡车、火车、摩托车、船舶、飞机等。
通过利用增材制造技术,通过施加粘合剂,在制造工艺中结合不同零件和/或部件变得更简单。增材制造提供了在零件内形成复杂结构的能力。例如,诸如节点的零件可以打印有一端口,所述端口允许通过注入粘合剂而不是像在传统地制造复杂产品中所做的那样将两个零件焊接在一起来固接两个零件的能力。替代地,一些部件可以通过使用钎焊浆料、热塑性塑料或热固性塑料来连接,其中的任一种都可以可互换地替代粘合剂来被使用。
如上所述,这些是用于连接增材制造的部件(比如板件)的非传统方法,并且其在制造工艺期间开发将组件结合在一起的新方法可能是有利的。
本文给出了用于结合板件的装置和方法。板件可以被打印并结合在一起。在一个方法中,可以使用增材制造的互连元件来结合板件,其还可以被称为“互连件”。凹口和突起可以形成在板件和/或互连元件(互连件)中以助于它们的对准和连接。在另一方法中,可以使用三维(3D)打印来制造带肋三角棱柱。肋可以被策略性地放置以产生关键的负载路径,并且可以随后通过在板件之间插入带肋三角棱柱来结合板件。
图1示出了使用互连元件102a和102b结合在一起的板件101和103的俯视截面图,该截面图用100表示。板件101具有由边缘112a及113a界定的第一凹口及由边缘112b及113b界定的第二凹口。板件103具有由边缘106a及111a界定的第一凹口及由边缘106b及111b界定的第二凹口。板件101和103可以被增材制造,在这种情况下,凹口可以在增材制造工艺期间形成在板件101和103中。替代地,板件101和103可以是商业上现成的(COTS)板件,在这种情况下,凹口可以被钻制到板件101和103中。
板件101和103可以通过使用互连元件102a和102b连接在一起。如图1所示,互连元件102a具有可以插入到板件101和103的第一凹口中的突起108a和110a。类似地,互连元件102b具有可以插入到板件101和103的第二凹口中的突起108b和110b。
在将板件101和103粘合在一起之前,互连元件102a和102b可以用于间歇地定位和对准板件101和103。另外,板件101和103以及互连元件102a和102b可以对准到至少部分地由增材制造工艺确定的公差内。例如,当板件101和103被增材制造时,基于位置的公差可以由用户或程序员在3D打印板件101和103以及互连元件102a和102b之前和/或期间被限定。替代地,如果板件101和103是COTS板件,则基于位置的公差可以在凹口被钻制到板件101和103中时被至少部分地限定。
同样如图1所示,互连元件102a和102b可以被制造为支撑附加部件。例如,互连件102a包括可以用于运输诸如液压流体的流体的流体运输管道109。液压流体继而可以用于驱动位于车辆内的致动器。除了运送液压流体外,运输管道109还可以用于运输润滑剂或油。在其它实施例中,流体运输管道109可以用于运输空气并作为空气导管来操作。
板件101和103可以是增材制造的板件和/或商业上现成的(COTS)板件。板件101和103中的一个或两个可以是蜂窝状夹层板件的形式。例如,如图1所示,板件101可以具有夹置在外片材115和外片材117之间的蜂窝状材料。类似地,板件103可以具有夹置在外片材105和外片材107之间的蜂窝状材料。蜂窝状结构可以有利地增强板件强度,同时减少材料的必需量、重量和成本。另外,蜂窝状结构可以使用三维(3D)打印来制造。
尽管板件101和103被示出为具有蜂窝状夹层结构,但是其它结构也是可能的。例如,板件101和/或板件103可以形成为平面片材、形成为具有交替的内部结构(比如格栅结构)的夹层片材、和/或形成为任何其它合适的2D或3D结构。替代地或附加地,板件101和103可以形成为包含任何合适的内部结构,比如蜂窝状结构、泡沫结构或格栅结构。
尽管板件101和103被示出为具有第一和第二凹口,同时互连元件102a和102b具有突起108a-b、110a-b,但是其它实施例也是可能的。例如,一个或两个板件可以被制造为具有凹口,并且一个或两个互连元件可以被制造为具有突起或突起与凹口的组合。
而且,尽管板件101和103被示出为仅具有两个凹口,但是每个板件可以具有少于或多于两个凹口或突起。并且类似地,互连元件102a和102b也可以被制造为具有少于或多于两个突起和/或凹口。
同样如图1的顶部透视图所示,互连元件102a和102b被制造成分别具有凹形外表面104a和104b。如本领域普通技术人员可以理解的,可以以各种形状来加工或打印其它互相连接结构,所述形状包括但不限于凸形、直线和半圆形的几何形状等。
另外,各种几何形状的各种凹口和突起可以形成在互连元件102a和102b上和/或板件101和103上。例如,凹口和突起可以具有矩形、圆形、方形、椭圆形和/或复杂的几何形状。
图2示出了使用三角棱柱220(其还可以被称为三角棱柱插入件)结合在一起的板件201和203的俯视截面图,该截面图用200表示。板件201和203可以类似于图1的板件101和103,除了板件201和203可以制造成没有凹口或突起之外。相反,三角棱柱220可以如图2所示附接到两个板件201和203的表面。例如,三角棱柱220的侧部226可以通过粘合剂或结合剂附接到板件203的表面,而另一侧部可以通过粘合剂或结合剂附接到板件201的表面。结合剂的示例可以包括钎焊浆料、热塑性塑料或热固性塑料。
使用3D打印,三角棱柱220可以被增材制造成包括内部肋。内部肋可以定位在高应力点或结合点处,以改善和增强所结合的板件201和203的强度。另外,三角棱柱220可以是中空的。在具有带有内部肋的中空内部的情况下,三角棱柱220可以有利地提供轻质解决方案以在高应力点或结合点处提供牢固支撑。
图3示出了图2的三角棱柱220的侧视透视图。为了透视,侧部226被示为朝向附图的背面。使用3D打印,三角棱柱220可以有利地分层为具有带有肋330a-d的中空内部。
尽管图2和3示出了其中使用三角棱柱220结合板件的实施例,但是可以使用其它插入件、互连件和/或负载支承结构来代替三角棱柱。例如,代替三角棱柱220,插入件可以是具有弯曲部分或具有不是直线的而是曲线的侧部的负载支承结构。负载支承结构还可以具有额外的特征,比如弯曲的轮廓,其允许改进的支撑和/或优化。
图4概念性地示出了通过互连元件结合第一板件和第二板件的工艺400。工艺步骤402可以对应于第一板件和第二板件的制造。例如,工艺步骤402可以表示3D打印图1的具有凹口或突起的板件101和103。替代地,工艺步骤402可以对应于使用商业上现成的(COTS)板件。此外,工艺步骤402可以表示制备不具有凹口或突起的板件。在这种情况下,可能需要通过钻制凹口来制备第一板件和第二板件。
接下来,工艺步骤404可以对应于使用第一增材制造的互连元件使第一板件的第一表面对准并附接至第二板件的第一表面。参考图1,第一板件可以是板件101,第二板件可以是板件103,并且第一增材制造的互连元件可以是互连元件102a。第一板件的第一表面可以对应于板件101的侧部115的表面;并且第二板件的第一表面可以对应于板件103的侧部105。
图5概念性地示出了通过三角棱柱插入件结合第一板件和第二板件的工艺500。工艺步骤502可以对应于第一板件和第二板件的制备和/或制造。例如,工艺步骤502可以表示3D打印图2的板件201和203。替代地,工艺步骤502可以对应于使用用于图2的板件201和203的商业上现成的(COTS)板件。
接下来,工艺步骤504可以表示3D打印图2和3的三角棱柱220。在工艺步骤504期间,三角棱柱220可以被增材制造为中空的并带有肋状物,其中肋状物可以对应于肋330a-d。
下一工艺步骤506可以对应于使三角棱柱插入件附接到第一板件和第二板件。三角棱柱插入件可以指图2和3的三角棱柱220。第一板件和第二板件可以分别对应于板件201和203。
尽管图5示出了用于通过三角棱柱插入件结合第一板件和第二板件的工艺500的实施例,但是该工艺还可以应用于通过互连件来结合第一板件和第二板件。例如,工艺步骤504和506可以更一般地指互连件,而不是三角棱柱插入件,其中互连件可以包括插入件和/或可以是如上面关于图2和3所描述的负载支承结构。
板件设计可以结合诸如材料、结构、设计和/或连接特征的一个或更多个因素。片材可以由碳纤维制成以减少底盘重量。替代地或附加地,片材可以由诸如铝、钢、铁、镍、钛、铜、黄铜、银或其任何组合或合金的金属制成。使用金属材料的优点可以包括改善耐穿刺性。板件可以具有各种结构,比如平面片材、蜂窝状夹层片材(包括内部结构,比如蜂窝状结构、格栅结构)和/或如本文所讨论的任何其它合适的2D或3D结构。板件可以由蜂窝状结构形成,以通过使用减少量的材料、重量和成本来允许增强的强度。替代地或附加地,板件可以通过将蜂窝状结构夹置在片材之间来形成。替代地或附加地,板件可以被形成为包含任何合适的内部结构,比如本文中进一步描述的格栅结构。板件可以包括各种内部结构,比如蜂窝状结构、泡沫结构或格栅结构。各种内部结构可以使用3D打印来加工。在一些情况下,板件可以被预钻制以加速铆接到剪切板件。替代地,粘合剂可以被施加到挤出物和板件表皮的界面以形成连接。
提供先前的描述是为了使所属领域的技术人员能够实践本文中所描述的各种方面。本公开通篇给出的对这些示例性实施例的各种修改对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的,并且本文中所公开的概念可以被应用于用于打印板件和互连件(互连元件)的其它技术。因此,权利要求不旨在限于贯穿本公开内容给出的示例性实施例,而是与符合语言权利要求的全部范围相一致。贯穿本公开内容所描述的示例性实施例的元件的所有结构和功能性等同物都是本领域普通技术人员已知的或以后将为本领域普通技术人员所公知的,旨在由权利要求书涵盖。此外,无论在权利要求中是否明确地叙述了这样的公开内容,本文所公开的内容都不旨在致力于公众。在35U.S.C§112(f)的条款或适用司法管辖权内的类似法律下,将不解释权利要求的要素,除非使用短语“意味着”来清楚地叙述该要素,或者在方法权利要求的情况中,使用短语“用于……的步骤”来叙述该要素。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于结合板件的装置,包括:
第一板件和第二板件,所述第一板件和所述第二板件中的每一个具有板特征;以及
增材制造的互连件,所述增材制造的互连件包括与用于所述第一板件的板特征接合的第一互连特征和与用于所述第二板件的板特征接合的第二互连特征,其中,所述增材制造的互连件使所述第一板件和第二板件对准,并且
其中,所述互连件包括由所述互连件的凹形外表面界定的管道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述板特征中的每一个包括凹口,并且所述第一互连特征和所述第二互连特征中的每一个包括突出部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述板特征中的每一个包括突出部,并且所述第一互连特征和所述第二互连特征中的每一个包括凹口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述增材制造的互连件包括流体运输管道。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,进一步包括联接到所述增材制造的互连件的管道,所述管道用于在所述板特征中的每一个与所述第一互连特征和所述第二互连特征中的与所述板特征中的一个对应的一个之间的粘合剂注入。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述第一板件和所述第二板件中的至少一个是增材制造的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述第一板件和所述第二板件中的至少一个是蜂窝状夹层板件。
8.一种用于结合板件的装置,包括:
第一板件和第二板件;以及
增材制造的互连件,所述增材制造的互连件包括插入件,所述插入件具有附接到所述第一板件的第一表面和附接到所述第二板件的第二表面,其中,所述增材制造的互连件使所述第一板件和第二板件对准,并且
其中,所述互连件包括由所述互连件的凹形外表面界定的管道。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述插入件是中空的并且包括内部肋状物。
10.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述插入件包括三角棱柱。
11.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述插入件包括负载支承结构。
12.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述第一板件和所述第二板件中的至少一个是增材制造的。
13.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述第一板件和所述第二板件中的至少一个是蜂窝状夹层板件。
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