CN110499117A - 模切件、特别地用于永久性地封闭孔的模切件 - Google Patents
模切件、特别地用于永久性地封闭孔的模切件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110499117A CN110499117A CN201910418008.2A CN201910418008A CN110499117A CN 110499117 A CN110499117 A CN 110499117A CN 201910418008 A CN201910418008 A CN 201910418008A CN 110499117 A CN110499117 A CN 110499117A
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- film
- cutting part
- polymer
- ester
- acrylate
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Abstract
本发明涉及特别地用于孔、尤其是金属板或塑料部件中的孔的永久性封闭的模切件,其具有包括至少两个聚合物膜的组件的载体,所述至少两个聚合物膜的上部膜具有至少1.0kg/m2的基重以及所述至少两个聚合物膜的下部膜由至少两个层组成,第一层为面向重型(重载)膜的聚合物膜的形式,以及第二层为功能层的形式,所述下部膜的背离上部膜的一侧承载施加的胶粘剂组合物、更特别地自胶粘剂组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及模切件,其特别地用于永久性地封闭(闭合)孔,所述孔优选地位于金属板或塑料部件中,并且本发明还涉及用于永久性地封闭孔的方法。
背景技术
在由金属板和/或塑料制造相对复杂的结构时,建造要求使得不可能避免必须在板或塑料中切孔,以进入位于它们后面的空腔,无论出于涂漆的目的还是出于焊接的目的。
当完成所需的操作时,通常不再需要这些孔,并且其常常实际上是破坏性的,因为它们允许空气、大气湿气或水进入结构中,这可导致例如氧化(生锈)过程。
避免这些问题的一个简单的解决方案是在使用后再次封闭孔。
特别是在现代交通工具例如水运工具、陆上交通工具(卡车、汽车等)、飞行器、航天器及其组合例如水陆两用交通工具的生产中,如下是不可避免的:在组装过程中在由金属板或塑料制成的许多单独的部件中需要不同尺寸的孔。孔直径通常在5和50mm之间。在随后的操作中,这些孔的许多必须被再次赋予气密性密封和特别地防水封闭,以防止所述腐蚀性攻击(侵袭)。
另一个要求是通过孔的封闭来实现在车厢内部(passenger interior)的隔音方面的相当大的改善。
下面以汽车车身为例描述本发明的基本技术问题以及对这些问题的解决方案。明确地,这不将本发明的构思限制于所述应用。所述应用是其中本发明显现为特别有利的技术领域的一部分。
如果从这个角度上参考在车身中的使用,技术人员则将其视为包含所有其他应用可能性以及车身。
在汽车建造中,必须在车身中的不同位置处制造或冲压出孔。通常,这是作为冲压和成形单独的金属板或铝部件的操作的一部分来完成的;另外,也可在塑料部件中钻孔。随后,通过多种连接工艺,单独的金属部件彼此连接,并形成车身壳体。该车身壳体中的孔、开口或通道的用途包括它们作为如下的用途:漆排出孔(例如用于阴极电泳涂覆(电涂层,electrocoat)材料)、蜡注入孔、蜡排出孔、用于以后在组件中进行螺钉安装操作的孔、或用于电缆通道。在阴极电泳涂覆材料干燥后,这些孔的许多必须被再次封闭,或者在最后的涂清漆(clearcoat)操作(在这种情况中在组装过程中将进行孔封闭)后必须被封闭。
存在很多可能的必须封闭孔的原因,例如:
-湿气
-声学
-腐蚀防护
一般而言,孔或开口通过由根据要求概况制造的多种聚合物制成的注塑件(塞子)封闭。这些可为例如由PET、ABS、PP、PVC、EPDM、PA和其他市售聚合物、或者所述材料和这里未列出的常规的市售聚合物基材的组合制成的塞子。还使用的是具有玻璃纤维组分的材料;还可想到的是例如碳纤维,其加强塞子以防止被刺破。原则上,所有常见的聚合物基材都是可能的,条件是它们在气候条件下提供与可涂漆性、温度稳定性和尺寸稳定性有关的特定参数,并且还在塞子制造过程中满足一定的经济性。
目前,车辆车身孔通常使用塑料塞子来封闭,其一方面,在特定情况下,无法牢固地封闭孔,以及另一方面,制造相对复杂且昂贵。
每种尺寸的孔需要适应于孔尺寸的特定塞子。这需要为塞子的消费者付出高的支持(logistical)和管理劳动。
因此,在生产线上必须在单独分配的存储箱中容纳大量不同尺寸的塞子。
同样适用于此目的的是胶带,其根据孔尺寸被切割成一定长度或模切。然而,胶带并不总是能够满足越来越高的市场需求。
在此意图是更密切地关注实现声学效果所需的自胶粘的孔封闭件。
这些声学相关的孔封闭件通常用于组装(组件)中,以在乘客舱内获得隔离区域,车辆内部(vehicle interior)。例如,通过来自轮胎的滚动噪声或者通过抛向车辆镶板以及抛向车辆的结构构件的松散的砾石以及小碎屑而产生车辆内部中的破坏性声音(传声性,acoustics)。此外,由于非流线型设计而产生的风噪声是乘客舱内的相对高的不希望的噪音水平的另一个可能原因。
由松散的砾石、碎屑、来自轮胎的滚动噪音以及由地面不平整引起的噪音通常被传送到结构构件系统(侧向和横向构件)中的空腔中并且进入车辆内部或乘客舱中。因此,在车辆外部也必须使用具有声学作用的产品。例如,有效声学保护的一种形式是将底板组件或车辆平台中的孔用胶带粘贴(tape off)。通常在侧向和横向构件中制造孔、冲孔或钻孔。在此,必须特别注意仔细地封闭每个可能的开口。
如已经描述的那样,金属板车身部件或结构构件系统中的许多孔用于允许将阴极电泳涂覆材料尽可能快地从主体(车身)和从各种空腔排出,以确保操作时间。相反,这意味着必须在紧接阴极电泳涂覆干燥器的下游可靠地封闭开口和孔。通常这是在所谓的PVC线上完成的。该区域涉及在施加底漆-中涂漆(二道底漆,surfacer)之前或在施加面漆(basecoat)材料之前进行的制造步骤。因此,待实现的另一个特征是对于该生产部分(环节)中使用的产品的可再涂漆性(repaintability)。此外,必须与PVC接缝密封材料相容,因为在阴极电泳涂覆干燥器和下一个涂层之间用可泵送的PVC配混物密封间隙。
从EP 3 036 100 A1已知基于与施加到顶侧的膜组合的重型(重载)膜的孔封闭产品。其中公开的是一种模切件,特别地用于孔、尤其是金属板或塑料部件中的孔的永久性封闭的模切件,其具有包括至少两个聚合物膜的层叠(层压)体的载体,下部膜具有至少为1.5kg/m2、更特别地在1.5和6kg/m2之间的基重,并且该下部膜的与上部膜相反的一侧承载施加的胶粘剂、更特别地可固化或自胶粘的组合物。上部膜优选地由聚酯组成,更优选地由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组成。
伴随重型膜的优点(如其在EP 3 036 100 A1中描述的)为,一方面它们允许充分良好地锚固至待施加的胶粘剂组合物,以及另一方面它们也不含可迁移到胶粘剂中并因此干扰胶粘剂的物质。
然而,迄今已知的重型膜的机械性能、尤其是撕裂强度是有限的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供如下的模切件:其适合于永久性地封闭孔、尤其是在汽车车身的塑料部件或金属板中的孔,并且其封闭所述孔使得水分渗透是不可能的,以及其增强隔音并且其可靠地封闭孔,即使是在底板下区域中的石头碎裂(击打,chipping)下和在内部内的机械应力(特别地在底板区域中)下。
该目的通过独立权利要求中指定的模切件来实现。从属权利要求涉及本发明主题的有利的前进发展。
附图说明
下面,在附图的基础上,将更详细地阐明用于孔、特别地汽车车身的塑料部件或金属板中的孔的永久性封闭的模切件,而不意图具有任何形式的限制性作用。
图1显示待封闭的主体中的孔,以及在封闭待封闭的孔之后的状态。
图2显示用于玻璃化转变温度的评估的图。
作为其构造的结果,主体5包含待封闭的孔6。
为此,模切件1具有由至少两个聚合物膜(即上部膜2和下部膜3)的层叠体组成的载体,上部膜2具有至少1.0kg/m2的基重,以及压敏胶粘剂4被固定在孔6上,使得孔6被模切件完全覆盖。
下部膜3由两个层(聚合物膜3a和具有阻挡性能的功能层3b)组成。
模切件1的面积大于待封闭的孔6的面积,因此孔6在其整个区域上被封闭。
具体实施方式
因此,本发明提供模切件,其特别地用于永久性地封闭孔、尤其是金属板或塑料部件中的孔,所述模切件具有由至少两个聚合物膜的组件、更特别地层叠(层压)体组成的载体。所述至少两个聚合物膜的上部膜具有至少1.0kg/m2的基重(下文中,该上部膜也称为重型膜)。所述至少两个聚合物膜的下部膜由至少两个层组成,第一层为面向重型膜的聚合物膜的形式,以及第二层为功能层的形式,并且所述下部膜在背离所述上部膜的一侧上承载施加的胶粘剂组合物(成分)、更特别地自胶粘剂组合物。
根据一种优选的实施方式,所述至少两个聚合物膜的上部膜以及下部膜的聚合物膜和功能层各自在整个区域(面积)上实施,意味着它们不包含孔或空穴。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,上部的重型膜具有在1.0和6kg/m2之间、优选地在1.5和3.9kg/m2之间、更优选地在1.5和2.5kg/m2之间的基重。
重型膜可由任何所需的聚合物(单独地或以混合物)组成。
合适的聚合物是烯烃聚合物,例如烯烃如乙烯、丙烯或丁烯的均聚物或共聚物(术语“共聚物”在此应理解为包括三元共聚物),聚丙烯均聚物或聚丙烯共聚物,包括嵌段(冲击)聚合物和无规聚合物。
另外的聚合物可选自聚酯,例如特别地聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),聚酰胺,聚氨酯,聚甲醛,聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN),乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH),聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC),聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),聚丙烯腈(PAN),聚碳酸酯(PC),聚酰胺(PA),聚醚砜(PES),聚酰亚胺(PI),聚芳硫醚和/或聚亚芳基氧化物。
这些聚合物(单独地或以混合物形式)适合于形成重型膜。
上部膜可优选地由聚酯(更特别地聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET))、聚氨酯或PVC组成。
重型膜优选地填充有矿物填料,更特别地精细研磨的石灰石或方解石(CaCO3)和重晶石(BaSO4)。另外用于填充的可为滑石、精细研磨的板岩、石墨、云母或石棉(后者现在较少如此)。
填料的分数为特别地30至90重量%、优选地40至70重量%,基于总的膜重量。
以体积百分比表示,该分数为优选地30至60体积%、更优选地45至55体积%,基于总的膜体积。
重型膜可另外地包括用于溶胀和用于更好地容纳填料的油。油含量可为8重量%至30重量%,优选地10重量%至25重量%,基于总的膜重量。
重型膜优选地为聚烯烃膜、更特别地矿物填充的聚烯烃膜、聚乙烯和EVA膜、更特别地矿物填充的聚乙烯和EVA膜、或弹性体改性的沥青膜。进一步优选地,重型膜包括油。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,上部膜的组成如下:
30-82 重量% 填料、特别地CaCO3
10-50 重量% 聚乙烯
0-20 重量% EVA
8-30 重量% 油
根据一种优选的实施方式的上部膜的厚度在400和3500μm之间、优选地在1100和3500μm之间、更优选地在1700和3500μm之间。
这种重型膜的可能的生产形式是挤出工艺或流延(铸造)工艺。
由至少两个聚合物膜组成的下部膜牢固地连接至重型膜;在上部膜和下部膜之间可存在另外的层,特别地以膜的形式。
根据一种优选的变型,面对重型膜的聚合物膜的聚合物对应于重型膜中使用的聚合物类型。对于基于聚烯烃的重型膜,例如PE(聚乙烯)或PP(聚丙烯)可用于聚合物膜。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,面向重型膜的聚合物膜层包括如下、更特别地由如下组成:聚烯烃,该术语包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、以及聚乙烯和聚丙烯的均聚物和共聚物。共聚物可为与共聚单体如乙烯和/或丙烯或其它a-烯烃的嵌段共聚物或统计分布的共聚物。该膜也可为与其他聚烯烃的共混物,特别地聚乙烯或与共聚单体如1-丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯的乙烯共聚物(在这种情况下,取决于比例和生产过程,称为LLDPE、VLDPE或ULDPE或茂金属-PE),以及乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物,乙烯与极性共聚单体如丙烯酸、丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯或乙酸乙烯酯,或者例如与马来酸酐的接枝共聚物。
下部膜的第二层是功能层并且对于可从重型膜扩散到胶粘剂中的可迁移物质如增塑剂、特别地油具有阻挡作用。同时,优选地,功能层对于相反地可从胶粘剂扩散到重型膜中的可迁移物质如增粘剂树脂具有阻挡作用。功能层优选地对于两侧均具有阻挡作用。此外,该层还可具有粘合促进性质。
功能层的聚合物可选自聚酯,例如,特别地聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),聚酰胺,聚氨酯,聚甲醛,聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN),乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH),聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC),聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),聚丙烯腈(PAN),聚碳酸酯(PC),聚酰胺(PA),聚醚砜(PES),聚酰亚胺(PI),聚芳硫醚和/或聚亚芳基氧化物,单独地或以混合物使用。功能层优选地包括所述聚合物之一并且更优选地由所述聚合物之一组成。
特别优选地,功能层由聚酰胺组成。
聚酰胺的优点是聚酰胺的膜对油具有良好的阻挡性质。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,聚合物膜由聚乙烯组成,以及功能层由聚酰胺组成。
在聚合物膜形式的第一层和功能层形式的第二层之间,可存在另外的(功能)层,例如,用于改善组件中的粘附性的粘合促进剂。
优选地,这些种类的多层构造是能由吹膜挤出和流延挤出获得的。然而,另一种可能性是通过如下制造它们:在层叠或不层叠胶粘剂的情况下层叠膜。
下部膜的厚度优选地在25和200μm之间、更优选地在40和140μm之间、非常优选地在50和90μm之间。
功能层的厚度优选地选择为尽可能小,因为相应地功能聚合物通常更昂贵。
功能层具有优选地5至80%、更优选地20至50%的厚度,基于下部膜的总厚度。
如果下部膜仅由聚合物膜和功能层组成,则聚合物膜层的厚度优选地为总的膜厚度的20至95%,更优选地50至80%。
选择功能层的厚度,使得其在技术上规定的厚度公差内不为零。因此,在任何时候,该层都不会完全不存在。
将多层下部膜优选地直接应用于制备重型膜的过程中。为此目的,将重型膜的热聚合物混合物施加到下部膜的聚合物膜的表面,该聚合物膜由与用于重型膜的聚合物类型相容的(即可混溶的)的聚合物类型组成。聚合物膜经历部分熔融,优选地在总厚度的至多90%的区域内,更优选地在总厚度的至多10%的区域内。重型膜的聚合物与聚合物膜的聚合物混合,因此在冷却后产生不溶的组件。
功能层的聚合物的熔点特别地高于上部膜的聚合物的熔点,更特别地高20℃、优选地高30℃、更优选地高50℃,以防止初期熔融。
用于制备载体的常用方法包括,例如,将重型膜材料流延挤出到多层下部膜上的方法。在这种情况下,通常将下部膜在挤出线的冷却辊上引导。然而,其他常见的涂覆方法也是可能的。
优选地通过压延涂覆进行制备。
除了该方法之外,技术人员还熟悉在两个膜之间产生这样的连接的其他可能性。其中一个实例是热层压。
在重型膜的与下部膜相反的一侧上,可存在另外的层,例如可模切的铝板、耐腐蚀钢板、由任何所需聚合物组成的膜、或具有层叠至其的用于加强或强度的无纬稀松布的铝箔。
用于形成上部膜和下部膜的聚合物可以纯的形式或以与添加剂如抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、抗粘连剂、润滑剂和加工助剂、填料、染料、颜料、发泡剂或成核剂的共混物的形式存在。
膜优选地不具有任何所述添加剂。
根据另一实施方式,载体还可具有多于两个的膜。
在本发明的一种有利的发展中,在载体内(在上部膜和下部膜之间)或在载体上存在层状体,其由金属、金属箔例如铝箔或包括金属的箔构成。
已经显现为优异的金属是铝。纯金属层对反应物的迁移和扩散构成高阻挡效应。
进一步有利的是,根据本发明可使用金属氧化物的层(MeOx层)作为剥离(隔离)层。有利的金属氧化物层例如由二氧化硅(SiO2)、二氧化钛(TiO2)或氧化锌-锡(ZnSnO)组成,或者它们包括这些金属氧化物一种或多种的。
在本发明的另一有利的实施方式中,上部和/或下部膜由整合的(一体化的)和/或附着的纤维或丝(长丝)加强,使得一个膜或多个膜的强度被加强,尤其是在纵向方向上。
对于本发明,丝(长丝)是指平行的单根线性纤维的束,在文献中通常也称为复丝。这种纤维束可任选地通过扭曲(扭转)而被固有地(内在地)加强,于是被称为纺丝或折叠丝(经扭曲的长丝)。替代地,可通过使用压缩空气或水射流的缠结而使纤维束固有地加强。在下文中,对于所有这些实施方式(以及对于纤维加强的实施方式)将以一般化方式仅使用术语“丝”。
在一种优选的变型中,施加至载体的胶粘剂为压敏胶粘剂,其为如下的胶粘剂:其即使在相对温和的施加压力下也允许对几乎所有基底的持久粘合,并且在使用后可基本上无残留地再次从基底分离。压敏胶粘剂在室温下为永久粘性的,因此具有足够低的粘度和高的粘性,从而所讨论的粘合基底的表面在仅温和的施加压力下被胶粘剂润湿。胶粘剂的可粘合性得自其胶粘性性质,并且可再分离性得自其内聚性性质。
这里可采用所有已知的胶粘剂体系。除基于天然或合成橡胶的胶粘剂之外,特别地,可使用有机硅(硅酮)胶粘剂和聚丙烯酸酯胶粘剂,优选地低分子量丙烯酸酯热熔性压敏胶粘剂。
优选的胶粘剂是基于丙烯酸酯或有机硅的那些。
胶粘剂可选自天然橡胶或合成橡胶,或选自天然橡胶和/或合成橡胶的任何所需共混物,其中取决于所需的纯度和粘度水平,天然橡胶原则上可选自所有可用等级,例如绉纱、RSS、ADS、TSR或CV产品,并且合成橡胶可选自:无规共聚的丁苯橡胶(SBR)、丁二烯橡胶(BR)、合成聚异戊二烯(IR)、丁基橡胶(IIR)、卤化丁基橡胶(XIIR)、丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)和聚氨酯和/或其共混物。
进一步优选地,橡胶可具有其通过如下改善的加工品质:以10至50重量%的重量分数混合热塑性弹性体,基于总弹性体分数。
此时可提及的代表尤其包括特别地相容的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)产品。用于共混的合适弹性体还为例如EPDM或EPM橡胶、聚异丁烯、丁基橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、由二烯制成的氢化的嵌段共聚物(例如,通过SBR、cSBR、BAN、NBR、SBS、SIS或IR的氢化;这样的聚合物例如称为SEPS和SEBS)、或丙烯酸酯共聚物如ACM。
此外,已发现基于苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)的100%体系是合适的。
交联对于改善胶带在使用后的可移除性是有利的,并且可以热的方式或通过使用UV光或电子束照射来完成。
对于热诱导化学交联,可使用所有已知的可热活化的化学交联剂,例如加速的硫或硫供体体系、异氰酸酯体系、反应性三聚氰胺、甲醛和(任选卤化的)酚醛(苯酚-甲醛)树脂和/或反应性酚醛树脂或具有相应的活化剂的二异氰酸酯交联体系、环氧化聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂、以及这些的组合。
交联剂优选地在高于50℃的温度下活化,更特别地在100℃至160℃的温度下活化,非常优选地在110℃至140℃的温度下活化。
交联剂的热激发也可通过IR射线或高能交替场来完成。
可使用具有溶剂基础物、具有含水基础物、或热熔体体系的形式的胶粘剂。基于丙烯酸酯热熔体的胶粘剂也是合适的,并且可具有至少20、更特别地大于30的K值,其能通过如下获得:浓缩这样的胶粘剂的溶液以形成可作为热熔体加工的体系。
浓缩可在适当配备的槽或挤出机中进行;特别是在伴随脱气的情况下,脱挥型(排气式,devolatilizing)挤出机是优选的。
这种胶粘剂之一在DE 43 13 008 A1中提出,其内容在此被引用并且成为本公开内容和发明的一部分。
然而,基于丙烯酸酯热熔体的胶粘剂也可为化学交联的。
在另一实施方式中,使用的自胶粘剂是以下的共聚物:(甲基)丙烯酸及具有1至25个C原子的其酯、马来酸、富马酸和/或衣康酸和/或它们的酯、取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和其他乙烯基化合物如乙烯基酯、更特别地乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯醇和/或乙烯基醚。
残留溶剂含量应低于1重量%。
同样显示其本身为合适的一种胶粘剂是低分子量丙烯酸酯热熔性压敏胶粘剂,如由BASF以名称acResin UV或更特别地DS 3458或AC Resin A 260UV所推行的。这种低K值胶粘剂通过如下获得其应用匹配的性质:结束的(结尾的)通过辐射化学引发的交联程序。
最后,还可提及:基于聚氨酯的胶粘剂也是合适的。
出于优化性能的目的,使用的自胶粘剂可与一种或多种添加剂例如增粘剂(树脂)、增塑剂、填料、颜料、UV吸收剂、光稳定剂、老化抑制剂、交联剂、交联促进剂或弹性体共混。
使用的增粘剂是已经全面描述的树脂。
合适的填料和颜料为例如炭黑、二氧化钛、碳酸钙、碳酸锌、氧化锌、硅酸盐或二氧化硅。
合适的增塑剂为例如脂族、脂环族和芳族矿物油,邻苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸或己二酸的二酯或聚酯,液体橡胶(例如腈橡胶或聚异戊二烯橡胶),丁烯和/或异丁烯的液体聚合物,丙烯酸酯,聚乙烯基醚,基于用于增粘树脂的原料的增塑树脂和液体树脂,羊毛蜡和其他蜡,或液体有机硅。
交联剂为例如酚醛树脂或卤化酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和甲醛树脂。合适的交联促进剂为例如马来酰亚胺、烯丙基酯如氰尿酸三烯丙酯、以及丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的多官能酯。
“聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯”理解为如下的聚合物:其单体基础物在至少60重量%的程度、优选地在至少50重量%的程度上由如下组成,基于所讨论聚合物的总的单体基础物:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯,其中丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯至少按比例地存在。更特别地,“聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯”理解为可通过丙烯酸类和/或甲基丙烯酸类单体以及任选的其它可共聚单体的自由基聚合获得的聚合物。
根据本发明,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯以30至65重量%存在,基于压敏胶粘剂(PSA)的总重量。本发明的PSA优选地包括35至55重量%的至少一种聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,基于PSA的总重量。
可根据本发明使用的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的玻璃化转变温度为优选地<0℃,更优选地在-20和-50℃之间。
在本发明的上下文中,嵌段共聚物中聚合物或聚合物嵌段的玻璃化转变温度通过动态扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
本发明的PSA的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选地可通过官能单体的至少按比例的共聚获得,所述官能单体优选地为可与环氧基团交联的。这些单体更优选地为具有酸基团(特别地羧酸、磺酸或膦酸基团)和/或羟基和/或酸酐基团和/或环氧基团和/或胺基团的那些;包含羧酸基团的单体是特别优选的。特别地,如果聚丙烯酸酯以共聚的丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸为特征,则是非常有利的。所有这些基团都具有与环氧基团的可交联性,从而使聚丙烯酸酯有利地适合于与引入的环氧化物进行热交联。
除了每分子具有最多30个C原子的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯之外,可用作聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚单体的其它单体为例如包含最多20个C原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯、具有至多20个C原子的乙烯基芳族化合物、烯键式不饱和腈、乙烯基卤化物、包含1至10个C原子的醇的乙烯基醚、具有2至8个C原子和一个或两个双键的脂族烃、或这些单体的混合物。
所讨论的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的性质可特别地受到如下影响:通过各单体的不同重量分数的在聚合物的玻璃化转变温度方面的变化。本发明的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯可优选地追溯到以下单体组成:
a)下式的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯:
CH2=C(RI)(COORII)
其中RI=H或CH3以及RII是具有4-14个C原子的烷基,
b)具有已经定义为与环氧基团具备反应性的(针对与环氧基团的反应性已经限定的)那种官能团的烯属不饱和单体,
c)任选地可与组分(a)共聚的另外的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯和/或烯属不饱和单体。
优选地,选择相应组分(a)、(b)和(c)的分数,使得聚合产物具有<0℃、更优选地在-20和-50℃之间的玻璃化转变温度(DSC)。特别有利的是选择具有45至99重量%的分数的组分(a)的单体、具有1至15重量%的分数的组分(b)的单体、以及具有0至40重量%的分数的组分(c)的单体(这些数值基于“基础聚合物”(换句话说,没有向完成的聚合物添加任何添加剂,例如树脂等)的单体混合物)。
组分(a)的单体更特别地为增塑的和/或非极性的单体。优选用作单体(a)的是具有包括4至14个C原子、更优选地4至9个C原子的烷基的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。这样的单体的实例是丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、甲基丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸正庚酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸正壬酯及其支化异构体,例如丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
组分(b)的单体更特别地为具有官能团、更特别地具有能够与环氧基团进行反应的官能团的烯属不饱和单体。
优选地用于组分(b)的是具有选自如下的官能团的单体:羟基、羧基、磺酸或膦酸基团、酸酐、环氧化物、胺。
组分(b)的单体的特别优选的实例是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸、富马酸、巴豆酸、乌头酸、二甲基丙烯酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、三氯丙烯酸、乙烯基乙酸、乙烯基膦酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸羟基乙酯、更特别地丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸羟基丙酯、更特别地丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸羟基丁酯、更特别地丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸羟基己酯、更特别地丙烯酸6-羟基己酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯、更特别地甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基丙酯、更特别地甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基丁酯、更特别地甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基己酯、更特别地甲基丙烯酸6-羟基己酯、烯丙基醇、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
原则上,可使用可与组分(a)和/或与组分(b)共聚的所有乙烯基官能化的化合物作为组分(c)。组分(c)的单体可用于调节所得PSA的性质。
组分(c)的示例性单体如下:
丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸苄酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸叔丁基苯酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁基苯酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸正十一烷基酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、丙烯酸十三烷基酯、丙烯酸二十二烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸环戊酯、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸3,3,5-三甲基环己酯、丙烯酸3,5-二甲基金刚烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸4-枯基苯酯、丙烯酸氰乙酯、甲基丙烯酸氰乙酯、丙烯酸4-联苯基酯、甲基丙烯酸4-联苯基酯、丙烯酸2-萘基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-萘基酯、丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸3-甲氧基丁酯、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁基二甘醇酯、丙烯酸乙二醇酯、单甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基聚乙二醇酯350、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基聚乙二醇酯500、单甲基丙烯酸丙二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸丁氧基二甘醇酯、甲基丙烯酸乙氧基三甘醇酯、丙烯酸八氟戊酯、甲基丙烯酸八氟戊酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯、丙烯酸1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,3,4,4,4-六氟丁酯、丙烯酸2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十五氟辛酯、二甲基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺、二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(1-甲基十一烷基)丙烯酰胺、N-(正丁氧基甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-(丁氧基甲基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(乙氧基甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-(正十八烷基)丙烯酰胺、以及N,N-二烷基取代的酰胺如N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-苄基丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、N-叔辛基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、乙烯基醚如乙烯基甲基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、和乙烯基异丁基醚,乙烯基酯如乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、乙烯基卤化物、偏氯乙烯、偏卤乙烯、乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、N-乙烯基内酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和对甲基苯乙烯、α-丁基苯乙烯、4-正丁基苯乙烯、4-正癸基苯乙烯、3,4-二甲氧基苯乙烯,和大分子单体如2-聚苯乙烯乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(4000-13000g/mol的重均分子量Mw,借助于GPC测定),以及聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(2000-8000g/mol的Mw)。
也可有利地选择组分(c)的单体,使得它们包含支持随后的辐射-化学交联(例如通过电子束或UV)的官能团。合适的可共聚光引发剂为例如苯偶姻丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯官能化的二苯甲酮衍生物。支持通过电子轰击的交联的单体为例如丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸烯丙酯。
聚丙烯酸酯(“聚丙烯酸酯”在本发明的上下文中理解为与“聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯”同义)可通过本领域技术人员熟悉的方法制备,特别有利地通过常规的自由基聚合或受控自由基聚合制备。聚丙烯酸酯可通过如下制备:使用常规聚合引发剂和任选的链转移剂使单体组分共聚,聚合在常规温度下以本体、在乳液中例如在水或液体烃中、或在溶液中进行。
聚丙烯酸酯优选地通过如下制备:在溶剂中,更特别地在具有50至150℃、优选地60-120℃的沸程的溶剂中,使用常规量(其通常为0.01至5、更特别地0.1至2重量%,基于单体的总重量)的聚合引发剂使单体聚合。
原则上合适的是技术人员熟悉的所有常规引发剂。自由基源的实例是过氧化物、氢过氧化物和偶氮化合物,例如过氧化二苯甲酰、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧化环己酮、二叔丁基过氧化物、环己基磺酰基乙酰基过氧化物、过碳酸二异丙酯、过辛酸叔丁酯和苯频哪醇。一种非常优选的程序使用2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)(来自DuPont的67TM)或2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丙腈)(2,2'-偶氮二异丁腈;AIBN;来自DuPont的64TM)作为自由基引发剂。
适用于制备聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的溶剂包括醇如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇、正丁醇和异丁醇,优选地异丙醇和/或异丁醇,以及烃如甲苯,更特别地具有60至120℃的沸程的石油精。其它使用可能性包括酮例如优选地丙酮、甲乙酮和甲基异丁基酮,和酯例如乙酸乙酯,以及所述类型溶剂的混合物,优选包括异丙醇的混合物,更特别地以2至15重量%、优选地3至10重量%的量,基于所用的溶剂混合物。
优选地,聚丙烯酸酯的制备(聚合)之后是浓缩程序,并且在基本不存在溶剂的情况下进行聚丙烯酸酯的进一步处理。聚合物的浓缩可在不存在交联剂和促进剂物质的情况下进行。然而,也可能的是甚至在浓缩之前向聚合物加入这些类别的化合物中的一种,使得然后浓缩在所述物质的存在下进行。
聚丙烯酸酯的重均分子量Mw优选地在20000至2000000g/mol的范围内;非常优选地在100 000至1 500 000g/mol的范围内,最优选地在150 000至1 000 000g/mol的范围内。本说明书中的平均分子量Mw和多分散性PD的数值涉及通过凝胶渗透色谱法的测定。为此目的,如下可为有利的:在合适的链转移剂如硫醇、卤素化合物和/或醇的存在下进行聚合,以设定所需的平均分子量。
聚丙烯酸酯优选地具有30至90、更优选地40至70的在甲苯(1%浓度溶液,21℃)中测量的K值。根据Fikentscher的K值是聚合物的分子量和粘度的量度。
根据本发明特别合适的是具有窄的分子量分布范围(多分散性PD<4)的聚丙烯酸酯。尽管在交联后具有相对低的分子量,但是这些物质具有特别好的剪切强度。相对低的多分散性也便于从熔体加工,因为在施用性质大致相同时流动粘度低于较宽范围的聚丙烯酸酯。窄范围的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯可有利地经由阴离子聚合或经由受控的自由基聚合方法制备,后者是特别合适的。也可通过N-氧基制备这样的聚丙烯酸酯。此外,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)也可有利地用于合成窄范围的聚丙烯酸酯,其中使用的引发剂优选地包括单官能或双官能的仲或叔卤化物和使用以下的络合物提取(abstract)的卤化物:Cu、Ni、Fe、Pd、Pt、Ru、Os、Rh、Co、Ir、Ag或Au。
优选地,用于制备聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的单体按比例地包括适合于与环氧基团进行连接反应的官能团。这有利地允许聚丙烯酸酯通过与环氧化物反应进行热交联。特别地,连接反应理解为加成反应和取代反应。因此,优选地,携带官能团的构造单元(结构嵌段)与携带环氧基团的构造单元连接,更特别地,在携带官能团的聚合物构造单元经由包括携带环氧基团的交联剂分子的连接桥而交联的意义上。包含环氧基团的物质优选地为多官能环氧化物,换言之,具有至少两个环氧基团的那些;因此,优选地,总体结果是携带官能团的构造单元的间接连接。
本发明的PSA的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选地经由它们包含的官能团与热交联剂的连接反应(特别地在加成反应或取代反应的意义上)而交联。可使用所有如下的热交联剂:其不仅确保足够长的加工时间,意味着在加工操作、特别地挤出操作期间没有胶凝,而且还导致聚合物在低于加工温度的温度下、更特别地在室温下快速后交联至所需的交联程度。例如,可能的是含羧基、胺基和/或羟基的聚合物与作为交联剂的异氰酸酯、更特别地用胺失活的脂族或三聚异氰酸酯的组合。
更特别地,合适的异氰酸酯为如下的三聚衍生物:MDI[4,4’-亚甲基二(苯基异氰酸酯)]、HDI[六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯]和/或IPDI[异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、5-异氰酸根合-1-异氰酸根合甲基-1,3,3-三甲基环己烷],实例为类型N3600和XP2410(分别来自BAYER AG:脂族聚异氰酸酯,低粘度HDI三聚体)。同样合适的是微粉化的三聚的IPDI BUEJ(现在为)(BAYER AG)的表面失活的分散体。
然而,原则上也合适于交联的是其它异氰酸酯,例如Desmodur VL 50(基于MDI的聚异氰酸酯,Bayer AG)、Basonat F200WD(脂族聚异氰酸酯,BASF AG)、Basonat HW 100(水可乳化的多官能的、基于HDI的异氰酸酯,BASF AG)、Basonat HA 300(基于HDI异氰脲酸酯的脲基甲酸酯改性的聚异氰酸酯,BASF)或Bayhydur VPLS2150/1(亲水改性的IPDI,BayerAG)。
优选以0.1至5重量%、更特别地以0.2至1重量%使用热交联剂,基于待交联的聚合物的总量。
本发明的PSA的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选地通过一种或多种环氧化物或者一种或多种包含环氧基团的物质而交联。包含环氧基团的物质更特别为多官能环氧化物,换言之,具有至少两个环氧基团的那些;因此,总体结果是携带官能团的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的构造单元的间接连接。包含环氧基团的物质可为芳族化合物,并且可为脂族化合物。
非常适合的多官能环氧化物为表氯醇的低聚物、多羟基醇(更特别地乙二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇、聚二醇、硫二甘醇、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、聚乙烯醇、聚烯丙醇等)的环氧醚、多羟基酚[更特别地间苯二酚、对苯二酚、双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷、双(4-羟基-3-甲苯基)甲烷、双(4-羟基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲烷、双(4-羟基-3,5-二氟苯基)甲烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)丙烷、双(4-羟基苯基)苯基甲烷、双(4-羟基苯基)二苯基甲烷、双(4-羟基苯基)-4'-甲苯基甲烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-2,2,2-三氯乙烷、双(4-羟基苯基)(4-氯苯基)甲烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷、双(4-羟基苯基)环己基甲烷、4,4'-二羟基联苯基、2,2'-二羟基联苯基、4,4'-二羟基二苯砜]的环氧醚、以及它们的羟乙基醚、苯酚-甲醛缩合产物如苯酚醇、酚醛树脂等、含S的环氧化物和含N的环氧化物(例如N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、N,N'-二甲基二缩水甘油基-4,4-二氨基二苯基甲烷)、以及通过常规方法由不饱和醇的单不饱和羧酸酯或多不饱和羧酸制备的环氧化物、缩水甘油酯、聚缩水甘油酯,其可经由不饱和酸的缩水甘油酯的聚合或共聚获得或可由其它酸性化合物(氰尿酸、二缩水甘油基硫化物、环状三亚甲基三砜和/或其衍生物、以及其它)获得。
非常合适的醚例如为1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、聚甘油-3-缩水甘油醚、环己烷二甲醇二缩水甘油醚、甘油三缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、双酚A二缩水甘油醚和双酚F二缩水甘油醚。
对于聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯特别优选的是,使用例如EP 1 978 069 A1中描述的交联剂-促进剂体系(“交联体系”)作为待交联的聚合物,以获得不仅对于加工寿命和交联动力学而且还对于交联程度的更有效的控制。该交联剂-促进剂体系包括至少一种含环氧基团的物质作为交联剂和至少一种如下的物质作为促进剂:其借助于环氧官能的化合物在低于待交联的聚合物的熔融温度的温度下对于交联反应具有促进效果。
根据本发明使用的促进剂更优选地为胺(形式上被解释为氨的取代产物;在下式中,这些取代基由“R”表示并且特别地包括烷基和/或芳基基团和/或其它有机基团),更特别优选地与待交联聚合物的构造单元不进行反应或仅略微反应的那些胺。
原则上,可选择作为促进剂的是伯胺(NRH2)、仲胺(NR2H)和叔胺(NR3),以及当然还有具有两个或更多个伯胺和/或仲胺和/或叔胺基团的那些。然而,特别优选的促进剂是叔胺,例如三乙胺、三亚乙基二胺、苄基二甲胺、二甲基氨基甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三(N,N-二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚和N,N'-双(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基)脲。多官能胺如二胺、三胺和/或四胺也可有利地用作促进剂。例如,二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺和三甲基六亚甲基二胺是非常适合的。
此外,优选地用作促进剂的是氨基醇。特别优选地使用仲氨基醇和/或叔氨基醇,其中在每分子具有两个或更多个胺官能团(官能度)的情况下,优选地胺官能团的至少一个、优选地全部为仲的和/或叔的。作为优选的氨基醇促进剂,可使用三乙醇胺、N,N-双(2-羟基丙基)乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺、2-氨基环己醇、双(2-羟基环己基)甲胺、2-(二异丙基氨基)乙醇、2-(二丁基氨基)乙醇、N-丁基二乙醇胺、N-丁基乙醇胺、2-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇、1-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-2-丙醇、三异丙醇胺、2-(二甲基氨基)乙醇、2-(二乙基氨基)乙醇、2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、N,N,N'-三甲基-N'-羟乙基双氨基乙基醚、N,N,N'-三甲基氨基乙基乙醇胺和/或N,N,N'-三甲基氨基丙基乙醇胺。
其它合适的促进剂为吡啶、咪唑(例如2-甲基咪唑)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯。脂环族多胺也可用作促进剂。合适的还有基于磷酸盐(酯)的促进剂如膦和/或磷化合物,例如三苯基膦或四苯基磷四苯基硼酸盐。
丙烯酸酯PSA通常是使用C1至C20醇的丙烯酸的烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯的自由基聚合的共聚物,例如丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十四烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸油基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸棕榈酯和(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯,以及(甲基)丙烯酸的其他酯例如(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯酯、和(甲基)丙烯酸2-溴乙酯、以及(甲基)丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯例如(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯。在此另外包括的是烯键式不饱和二羧酸和三羧酸的酯以及酸酐,例如马来酸乙酯、富马酸二甲酯和衣康酸乙基甲酯。同样包括乙烯基芳族单体,例如苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、甲基苯乙烯、正丁基苯乙烯和癸基苯乙烯。
其它可能的单体是包括最多20个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯例如乙酸乙烯酯或月桂酸乙烯酯,包含最多10个碳原子的醇的乙烯基醚例如乙烯基甲基醚或乙烯基异丁基醚,乙烯基卤化物例如氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯,腈例如丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,酰胺例如丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺,和具有2-8个碳原子的不饱和烃例如乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯、异戊二烯、1-己烯或1-辛烯。
出于影响PSA的物理和光学性质的目的考虑多官能的烯键式不饱和单体作为交联剂单体。这方面的实例是二乙烯基苯,二丙烯酸烷基酯例如二丙烯酸1,2-乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,8-辛二醇酯或二丙烯酸1,12-十二烷二醇酯,三丙烯酸酯例如三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯,和四丙烯酸酯例如四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯。多官能单体组中还包括可UV交联的单体,例如二苯甲酮或苯偶姻的(甲基)丙烯酸酯官能化衍生物。
另一单体组是如下的那些:其在聚合物内产生潜在交联的可能性并且在胶粘剂干燥后自发地(通常使用催化剂)导致网络的构建。这样的单体的实例是甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,其环氧乙烷环导致以羟基官能团、或特别地以羧酸酯官能团开环,并因此导致共价键。该反应在锌离子或者(特别地当存在羧基官能团时)胺的存在下以加速形式进行。
为了获得压敏胶粘剂性能,胶粘剂的加工温度必须高于其玻璃化转变温度,以具有粘弹性性质。
此外,可使用本发明的基于丙烯酸酯的可活化的胶粘剂。在这种情况下,在一种特别优选的形式中,可活化的胶粘剂由如下构成:
基础聚合物a),其由以下构成:
a1)40至95重量%的具有下式的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯
CH2=C(R1)(COOR2)
其中R1为H或CH3以及R2为H和/或具有1至30个C原子的烷基链
a2)5至30重量%的具有至少一个羧酸和/或磺酸和/或膦酸基团的可共聚的乙烯基单体
a3)1至10重量%的具有至少一个环氧基或一个酸酐官能团的可共聚的乙烯基单体
a4)0至20重量%的可共聚的乙烯基单体,其以官能团能够对增强的内聚性、交联的反应性的增加、或直接交联做贡献,和
b)5至50重量%的环氧树脂或两种或更多种环氧树脂的混合物。
聚合物a)可包括可活化的PSA,其在暴露于温度和任选的压力时变得压敏胶粘性,并且在粘合和冷却后通过固化产生高粘合强度。取决于应用温度,这些可活化的PSA具有不同的静态玻璃化转变温度Tg,A或熔点Tm,A。
在一种非常优选的形式中,用于单体a1)的单体是丙烯酸类单体,其包括具有包括4至14个C原子、优选地4至9个C原子的烷基的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。具体实例(不希望该列举施加任何限制)为丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸正庚酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸正壬酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸硬脂酯、丙烯酸二十二烷基酯和其支化异构体例如丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。同样可在a1)下以少量添加使用的其它种类的化合物是甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯和甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯。
优选地用作为单体a2)的是衣康酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基乙酸、富马酸、巴豆酸、乌头酸、二甲基丙烯酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、三氯丙烯酸、乙烯基膦酸和乙烯基磺酸。
优选地用作单体a3)的是甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、马来酸酐和衣康酸酐。
对于单体a4),一种非常优选的形式使用乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、乙烯基卤化物、亚乙烯基卤化物、具有在α-位的杂环和芳族环的乙烯基化合物。在此,再次地,在没有排他性的情况下,可给出许多实例:乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基吡啶、乙基乙烯基醚、氯乙烯、偏氯乙烯和丙烯腈。
对于单体a4),另一种非常优选的形式使用具有下列官能团的单体:羟基、酰胺、异氰酸基或氨基。
组分a4)的进一步特别优选的实例是丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、烯丙醇、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸苄酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸叔丁基苯酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁基苯酯、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯、丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸氰乙酯、丙烯酸氰乙酯、甲基丙烯酸6-羟基己酯、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(丁氧基甲基)甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(乙氧基甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸四氢糠基酯,该列举不是决定性的。
在进一步优选的形式中,对于组分a4),使用芳族乙烯基化合物,在这种情况下,优选地芳环由C4至C18组成,并且还可包括杂原子。特别优选的实例是苯乙烯、4-乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、甲基苯乙烯、3,4-二甲氧基苯乙烯、4-乙烯基苯甲酸,该列举不是决定性的。
对于聚合,依次地选择单体,使得所得聚合物可用作工业上有用的胶粘剂或PSA,更特别地使得所得聚合物具有在Donatas Satas的“Handbook of Pressure SensitiveAdhesive Technology”(van Nostrand,New York 1989)意义上的胶粘剂或压敏胶粘剂性质。对于聚合所基于的单体混合物的编排(配制),这里也可通过应用Fox方程(E1)来控制所需的玻璃化转变温度。对于PSA,所得聚合物的静态玻璃化转变温度有利地低于15℃。
对于可热活化的胶粘剂,为了获得≥30℃的聚合物玻璃化转变温度Tg,A,根据上述说明,非常优选地选择单体,并且有利地选择单体混合物的定量组成,以按照Fox方程(E1)(参见T.G.Fox,Bull.Am.Phys.Soc.1(1956)123)得到所需的聚合物的Tg,A值。
在该方程中,n表示所用单体的序列号,wn表示相应单体n的质量分数(重量%),和Tg,n表示以K计的相应单体n的均聚物的相应玻璃化转变温度。
为了制备胶粘剂,有利地,进行常规的自由基聚合或受控自由基聚合。对于通过自由基途径进行的聚合,优选使用如下的引发剂体系:其进一步包含用于聚合的其它自由基引发剂,尤其是热分解形成自由基的偶氮或过氧引发剂。然而,原则上合适的是对于丙烯酸酯典型的并且是技术人员熟悉的所有引发剂。以C为中心的自由基的制备描述于HoubenWeyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,Vol.E 19a,第60至147页中。优选地,类似地使用这些方法。
自由基源的实例是过氧化物、氢过氧化物和偶氮化合物;这里可给出典型的自由基引发剂的某些非排他性实例,如过氧二硫酸钾、过氧化二苯甲酰、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧化环己酮、二叔丁基过氧化物、偶氮二异丁腈、环己基磺酰基乙酰基过氧化物、过碳酸二异丙酯、过辛酸叔丁酯、苯频哪醇。一种特别优选的形式使用1,1'-偶氮二(环己腈)(来自DuPont的Vazo 88TM)作为自由基引发剂。
由自由基聚合得到的PSA的平均分子量Mn非常优选地选择为使得它们在20000至2000000g/mol的范围内;特别地对于进一步用作热熔性压敏胶粘剂,制备具有100 000至500 000g/mol的平均分子量Mn的PSA。
聚合可以本体、在一种或多种有机溶剂存在下、在水存在下、或在有机溶剂和水的混合物中进行。这里的目的是最小化使用的溶剂的量。
取决于转化率和温度,聚合时间为4至72小时。可选择反应温度的水平越高,换句话说,反应混合物的热稳定性越高,则反应时间可越短。
为了增加胶粘剂和膜之间的内聚性,可使膜经受电晕处理。
也有利的是膜的蚀刻,以能够锚固胶粘剂。
在本发明的一种变型中,在下部膜和胶粘剂之间存在底漆,以改善胶粘剂对膜的粘附性。
通常使用的底漆的描述发现于例如Donatas Satas的“Handbook of PressureSensitive Adhesive Technology”(van Nostrand,1989)中。
模切件中的上部膜和下部膜优选地具有相同的形状和尺寸并且全等地(一致地)设置。
进一步优选地,这些条件也适用于存在的任何其他膜。
允许许多较小的孔被封闭的模切件的典型尺寸由具有10至60mm、更特别地30至40mm的直径的(圆形)盘表示。
下部膜优选地在其整个区域(面积)上用胶粘剂涂覆。
利用本发明的模切件封闭孔(特别地在车身中)的本发明的方法简单地涉及将模切件施用于待封闭的孔,使得孔完全被模切件覆盖。
如下是优选的:模切件同心地施加在待封闭的孔上。
模切件的轮廓优选地对应于待封闭的孔的轮廓。以这种方式,模切件的单独的层的重叠是对称的。重叠的余量(margin)优选地在1和20mm之间、更优选地在5和10mm之间。
本发明的模切件优于现有技术中已知的方案,特别是在增高的机械应力下。充当阻挡层或另外地充当底漆层的功能层的引入不仅改善了PSA对重型膜的锚固,而且改善了机械强度。另外,PSA被保护免受外部影响(例如,润滑剂穿过重型膜的迁移),因此在车辆的生命周期中提供增加的粘合可靠性。尽管具有更高的粘合可靠性,但模切件在修理情境下可相对简单地被移除。这种效果得自组件的粘附性方面的总体改善,以及得自好得多的拉伸强度。此外,模切件的单个实施方式能够覆盖多种不同尺寸的孔。
模切件的特征在于:
·非常高的承载(载荷承受)能力/抗撕裂性/抗穿刺性
·对于水分的非常好的密封/水分阻挡
·对于噪音的有效密封/声音阻尼(隔音)
·对于油的非常好的密封
·高撕裂强度
根据本发明的一种有利的实施方式,模切件具有200至2000N的抗穿刺性。
模切件的表面在光学品质和触觉品质方面提供吸引人的且光滑的表面。
测试方法
在23±1℃和50±5%相对湿度的测试条件下进行测量(除非另有说明)。
分子量(摩尔质量)Mn和重均分子量(摩尔质量)Mw
本说明书中的数均分子量Mn和重均分子量Mw的数值涉及通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)的测定。对100μl经过澄清过滤的样品(样品浓度4g/l)进行测定。使用的洗脱液是含有0.1体积%的三氟乙酸的四氢呋喃。测量在25℃下进行。
使用的预柱是如下的柱:PSS-SDV型,5μm,8.0mm*50mm(在此和在下文中以如下的顺序陈述:类型,颗粒尺寸,孔隙率,内径*长度;)。使用如下的柱的组合进行分离:PSS-SDV型,5μm,以及和各自8.0mm×300mm(来自PolymerStandards Service的柱;借助于Shodex RI71差示折光仪检测)。流速为1.0ml/分钟。在聚丙烯酸酯的情况下对照PMMA标准物进行校准(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯校准),在另外的情况下(树脂、弹性体)对照PS标准物进行校准(聚苯乙烯校准)。
聚丙烯酸酯优选地具有30至90、更优选地40至70的在甲苯(1%浓度溶液,21℃)中测量的K值。根据Fikentscher的K值是聚合物的分子量和粘度的量度。
K值
方法的原理基于相对溶液粘度的毛细管-粘度测定。为此,通过在甲苯中振荡30分钟而使测试物质溶解,以得到1%浓度的溶液。在Vogel-Ossag粘度计中在25℃下测量流动时间,并由此,相对于纯溶剂的粘度,确定样品溶液的相对粘度。可通过Fikentscher方法[P.E.Hinkamp,Polymer,1967,8,381]从表中读出K值(K=1000k)。
玻璃化转变温度
借助于动态扫描量热法(DSC)测定玻璃化转变温度。这通过如下来完成:将5mg未处理的聚合物样品称重到铝坩埚(体积25μL)中并用带孔的盖子关闭坩埚。使用来自Netzsch的DSC 204 F1进行测量。为了惰性化,在氮气下进行操作。首先将样品冷却到-150℃,之后以10K/分钟的加热速率加热至+150℃,并再次冷却至-150℃。随后的第二加热曲线再次以10K/分钟运行,并记录热容量的变化。玻璃化转变辨别为温谱图中的台阶。
玻璃化转变温度如下评估(参见图2):
在各情况下,在台阶的①之前和②之后将切线施加至温谱图的基线。在台阶的区域中,将平衡线⑤以这样的方式平行于纵坐标安置,使得它与两条切线相交,特别地以形成两个等容量的区域③和④(在各情况下在切线、平衡线、和测量图之间)。如此定位的平衡线与测量图的交点给出玻璃化转变温度。
剥离粘附力
剥离粘附力(根据AFERA 5001)如下测定:使用的规定基底是具有2mm的厚度的镀锌钢板(从Rocholl GmbH获得)。将所研究的可粘合的片状元件切割成20mm宽和约25cm长,并设有操作(把手)部分,然后立即使用4kg钢辊以10m/分钟的前进速率将其压在选择的基底上五次。紧接着,使用拉伸测试仪器(来自Zwick)以速度v=300mm/分钟将可粘合的片状元件以180°的角度从基底剥离,并记录在室温下实现此所需的力。记录的值(以N/cm计)作为三次单独测量的平均值获得。
抗穿刺性
通过如下测定抗穿刺性:用模切件封闭孔并使其经受目标穿刺。在这种情况下,在拉伸测试机中,尖状物被夹入,该尖状物以恒定速率接近水平定位的封闭的孔并将孔刺穿30mm。在该程序期间,记录必须使用的力。
在下文中,通过许多实施例更详细地阐述本发明,而不希望由此限制本发明。
本发明实施例
本发明的模切件的载体由两个聚合物膜的组件组成。
上部膜的组成如下:
40 重量% CaCO3,作为填料
30 重量% 聚乙烯
10 重量% EVA
20 重量% 油
膜的厚度为2000μm,以及基重为2.5kg/m2。
所述两个聚合物膜的下部膜由至少两个层组成,第一层是聚乙烯膜的形式,其面向重型膜,以及第二层是聚酰胺的功能层的形式。
聚合物膜的厚度为70μm,功能层的厚度为20μm。
作为胶粘剂,将常规的基于丙烯酸酯的压敏胶粘剂以80μm涂覆到载体上。
测试结果:
剥离粘附力,钢,新鲜 13N/cm
剥离粘附力,钢,40℃一个月后 12N/cm
对比例
膜的组成与重型膜的组成相同:
40 重量% CaCO3,作为填料
30 重量% 聚乙烯
10 重量% EVA
20 重量% 油
在这种情况下,在重型膜和胶粘剂之间没有具有阻挡层效应的下部膜。
胶粘剂以及施加的重量与本发明实施例中使用的那些相同。
剥离粘附力,钢,新鲜 10N/cm
剥离粘附力,钢,40℃一个月后 2至4N/cm
在粘合后立即在本发明实施例和对比例中测量的剥离粘附力几乎是相同的。
相反,在40℃下储存一个月后,对比例的剥离粘附力远低于本发明实施例的剥离粘附力。
其原因在于,在对比例中,油已从重型膜迁移到胶粘剂中和/或在相反方向上,增粘剂树脂已从胶粘剂迁移到重型膜中。两种效果导致粘合强度的降低。
相反,在本发明实施例中,通过下部膜防止了这些迁移,所述下部膜包括聚乙烯膜形式的第一层和聚酰胺功能层形式的第二层。
Claims (12)
1.模切件,其特别地用于永久性地封闭孔、特别地在金属板或塑料部件中的孔,
所述模切件具有包括至少两个聚合物膜的组件的载体,
所述至少两个聚合物膜的上部膜具有至少1.0kg/m2的基重,以及
所述至少两个聚合物膜的下部膜由至少两个层组成,第一层为面向重型膜的聚合物膜的形式,和第二层为功能层的形式,所述下部膜的背离所述上部膜的一侧承载施加的胶粘剂组合物、更特别地自胶粘剂组合物。
2.根据权利要求1的模切件,
其特征在于
所述至少两个聚合物膜的上部膜以及所述下部膜的所述聚合物膜和所述功能层各自在整个区域上实施。
3.根据权利要求1和2之一的模切件,
其特征在于
所述上部膜具有在1.0和6kg/m2之间、优选地在1.5和3.9kg/m2之间、更优选地至少在1.5和2.5kg/m2之间的基重。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的模切件,
其特征在于
所述上部膜是聚烯烃膜、更特别地矿物填充的聚烯烃膜、聚乙烯和EVA膜、更特别地矿物填充的聚乙烯和EVA膜、或弹性体改性的沥青膜。
5.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
所述下部膜的所述聚合物膜由所述上部膜中使用的聚合物类型组成。
6.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
所述下部膜的所述聚合物膜由聚烯烃、更特别地聚乙烯组成。
7.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
所述聚合物膜由聚乙烯组成以及所述功能层由聚酰胺组成。
8.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
所述上部膜的厚度在400和3500μm之间、优选地在1100和3500μm之间、更优选地在1700至3500μm之间和/或
所述下部膜的厚度在25和200μm之间、优选地在40和140μm之间、更优选地在50和90μm之间。
9.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
选择的胶粘剂是基于丙烯酸酯的自胶粘剂组合物。
10.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
所述模切件同心地施加在待封闭的孔上。
11.根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件,
其特征在于
所述模切件的轮廓对应于待封闭的孔的轮廓,更特别地使得重叠的余量在1和20mm之间、更优选地在5和10mm之间。
12.孔,特别地在车身中的孔,其具有根据前述权利要求至少一项的模切件。
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US10946629B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
EP3569406A1 (de) | 2019-11-20 |
CN110499117B (zh) | 2021-10-08 |
JP6830507B2 (ja) | 2021-02-17 |
KR102248742B1 (ko) | 2021-05-04 |
ES2874196T3 (es) | 2021-11-04 |
DE102018207850B4 (de) | 2020-06-18 |
KR20190132265A (ko) | 2019-11-27 |
DE102018207850A1 (de) | 2019-11-21 |
US20190352540A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3569406B1 (de) | 2021-02-24 |
JP2020015896A (ja) | 2020-01-30 |
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