CN110337978A - A kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam - Google Patents

A kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110337978A
CN110337978A CN201910695255.7A CN201910695255A CN110337978A CN 110337978 A CN110337978 A CN 110337978A CN 201910695255 A CN201910695255 A CN 201910695255A CN 110337978 A CN110337978 A CN 110337978A
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Prior art keywords
parts
apple
water
soil
centimetres
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CN201910695255.7A
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Inventor
朱益飞
陈春敏
府梦倩
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Yunnan Zhuguo Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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Yunnan Zhuguo Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910695255.7A priority Critical patent/CN110337978A/en
Publication of CN110337978A publication Critical patent/CN110337978A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of apple efficient cultivation methods suitable for southern red loam, comprising: (1) the whole soil of orchard establishment: turning over solarization soil, digs field planting hole by standard, admix quick lime, kind of butch clover in garden in hole, and dig gutter.(2) it is colonized: cow dung, calcium magnesium phosphate and peat is uniformly admixed to field planting hole, field planting in proportion.(3) fertilizer and water management: regular top dressing mineral resources humic acid solution, in terms of weight point, component is as follows: 0.5~1 part of trace element zinc, 1.0~1.5 parts of boron, 0.7~1 part of copper, 0.7~1 part of manganese, 15~20 parts of nitrogen, 5~10 parts of phosphorus, 5~10 parts of potassium, 15~20 parts of water-soluble organic matter, 5~8 parts of the water-soluble charcoal of 10~15 parts of humic acid, small molecule.(4) Cultivate administration: 1~2 year little tree, stand cultivation, it is ensured that trunk is upright;3 years or more, draw branch to be trimmed to spindle.The present invention can effectively change laterite acidity, improve laterite fertility, solve the problems, such as that acid soil apple calcium deficiency, tree vigo(u)r are weak.

Description

A kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical fields, and in particular to a kind of apple Efficient Cultivation side suitable for southern red loam Method.
Background technique
Red soil main feature is a lack of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions rich in iron, aluminum oxide, is in acid red.Red soil Soil is also known as laterite.The soil is porous for red soil, is easy to wash away loss by rainwash, is unfavorable for saving moisture and nutrient, plant Element needed for growth is difficult to retain;The content deficiency of general nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in laterite, available state calcium, the content of magnesium are also few, boron, Molybdenum is even more poor, not can guarantee fruit tree normal growth;Laterite is planted in laterite area often due to a lack of microelement in acidity, apple Zinc and generate " floral leaf " phenomenon, soil acidification also leads to fruit tree calcium deficiency, the bitter pit that is easy to get, pox spots disease, and tree vigo(u)r is weak.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam is needed, it can be effective Laterite acidity is changed, laterite fertility is improved, solves the problems, such as that acid soil apple calcium deficiency easily disease, tree vigo(u)r are weak.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is overcoming defect in the prior art, provide a kind of suitable for southern red loam It is weak etc. to be able to solve apple calcium deficiency caused by the reasons such as laterite meta-acid, fertility be relatively low easily disease, tree vigo(u)r for apple efficient cultivation method Problem.
A kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam of the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) the whole soil of orchard establishment: selection red soil mountainous region, hillside fields or hilly ground, plantation the first two months are carried out turning over solarization soil, be turned over Depth is 30~40 centimetres, and grogs is broken to 1.5 centimetres or less;Field planting hole is dug in completion after turning over, depth is 40~50 centimetres, Radius is 40~50 centimetres, and distance between rows and hills is 4 × 2 meters, is shone soil 15 days or more, and 1~2 kilogram of quick lime is admixed in field planting hole, adjusts soil Earth is acid, effectively eliminates disease pest bacterium.Butch clover is planted in orchard, can choose the sowing of two season of spring and autumn, under spring is in 3 months Ten days sowing, autumn are sowed in the middle ten days and the last ten days in September, and application rate is at 5~8 kilograms, 1~2 centimetre of earthing per acre.Before sowing, apply per acre 1500~2000 kilograms of machine fertilizer, nodule of white clover bacterium is smashed to pieces and is mixed with seed, is diluted with water and stirs evenly.It is after planting daily It pours water, to keep the wet of topsoil, 10~15 days after emergence, 3~5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer application per acre.It is dug and is arranged according to orchard landform Ditch, draining trench direction and fruit tree row are spaced 8 meters, dig draining trench in row middle to consistent, by draining trench by water It is pooled to interregional biggish gutter, is finally discharged by lower.Collecting gutter sets plunge pool than dropping big, to lower flow velocity, Soil erosion is prevented to be lost.
(2) it is colonized: mentioning first trimester, cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly puddled according to 20:1, periodically plus water, and cover film Fermentation is until decomposed.The peat for taking 10~30 centimetres in woods uniformly puddles the cow dung fermented and peat according to 1:1, Mixture is inserted into field planting hole bottom, every hole applies 3~5 kilograms, P in soil H value is adjusted to 6~7.Early or mid March is colonized, 1 meter of selection height healthy apple sapling below, root are colonized after impregnating rooting powder solution, and blinding is simultaneously treaded.By table after blinding Soil, which is filled out, surrounds round stalk in surrounding, 15~20 centimetres higher than pitted surface, and dry branches and fallen leaves is spread in stalk, plays the work of water-retaining effect With.
(3) fertilizer and water management: mineral resources humic acid solution is applied in top dressing, and in terms of weight point, component is as follows: trace element zinc 0.5 It is~1 part, 1.0~1.5 parts of boron, 0.7~1 part of copper, 0.7~1 part of manganese, 15~20 parts of nitrogen, 5~10 parts of phosphorus, 5~10 parts of potassium, water-soluble 15~20 parts of organic matter, 5~8 parts of the water-soluble charcoal of 10~15 parts of humic acid, small molecule.For 1~2 year little tree, 3~May, often Month 50 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers of every plant of top dressing, monthly chase after 100 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers, mid-October, Shi Yi for every plant 6~September Secondary organic fertilizer, 1~2 kilogram every plant;For 3 years or more apple trees, before rudiment, every plant was applied 200~300 grams of mineral resources humic acid Fertilizer, the middle ten days and the last ten days in May, every plant chases after 200~300 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers, mid-September~mid-October, Shi Yici organic fertilizer, often 2~4 kilograms of strain.Mineral resources humic acid fertilizer is in alkalescent, plays the role of centainly reconciling soil acidity, while it is raw effectively to provide apple Long nutritional need.
(4) Cultivate administration: for 1~2 year little tree, mid or late May carried out stand cultivation, away from 5 centimeters of sapling root, It is inserted vertically into 3~5 centimetres of diameter of bamboo pole, sapling is strapped on bamboo pole every 30~40 cm heights, it is ensured that trunk is upright. For 3 years or more apple trees, the bamboo pole of stand is removed, carries out drawing branch, is trimmed to spindle tree-like, is no more than tree height 3.5 meters, hat width is 1~1.5 meter.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam disclosed by the invention, Plantation the first two months carry out turning over solarization soil, and field planting hole admixes quick lime, adjusts soil acidity, can effectively eliminate disease pest bacterium;It will Cow dung, calcium magnesium phosphate and peat proportionally uniformly puddle filling field planting hole, and it is relatively low scarce with fruit tree to be able to solve soil fertility The problem of calcium;Regular top dressing mineral resources humic acid fertilizer, adjusts soil acidity, can effectively provide Apple Growth nutritional need, protects It is vigorous to demonstrate,prove tree vigo(u)r;Butch clover is planted in garden, can be improved the content of moisture in soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, reduces ground Soil losses caused by table runoff washes away, and adjust orchard microclimate;It keeps tree-like simultaneously to rectify, solves asking for ventilation and penetrating light Topic, provides basis for high yield.
Specific embodiment
One of the present embodiment is suitable for the apple efficient cultivation method of southern red loam.
Embodiment 1:
For the little tree of 1-2:
The whole soil of orchard establishment: selection red soil mountainous region, hillside fields or hilly ground, plantation the first two months carry out turning over solarization soil, turn over depth Degree is 30~40 centimetres, and grogs is broken to 1.5 centimetres or less.Field planting hole is dug in completion after turning over, depth is 40~50 centimetres, partly Diameter is 40~50 centimetres, and distance between rows and hills is 4 × 2 meters, is shone soil 15 days or more, and 1~2 kilogram of quick lime is admixed in field planting hole, adjusts soil Acidity effectively eliminates disease pest bacterium.Butch clover is planted in orchard, can choose the sowing of two season of spring and autumn, spring is in mid or late March Sowing, autumn are sowed in mid or late September, and application rate is at 5~8 kilograms, 1~2 centimetre of earthing per acre.Before sowing, apply per acre organic 1500~2000 kilograms of fertilizer, nodule of white clover bacterium is smashed to pieces and is mixed with seed, is diluted with water and stirs evenly.It is after planting daily It pours water, to keep the wet of topsoil, 10~15 days after emergence, 3~5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer application per acre.It is dug and is arranged according to orchard landform Ditch, draining trench direction and fruit tree row are spaced 8 meters, dig draining trench in row middle to consistent, by draining trench by water It is pooled to interregional biggish gutter, is finally discharged by lower.Collecting gutter sets plunge pool than dropping big, to lower flow velocity, Soil erosion is prevented to be lost.
Field planting: mentioning first trimester, cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate uniformly puddled according to 20:1, and periodically plus water, and cover film is sent out Ferment is until decomposed.The peat for taking 10~30 centimetres in woods uniformly puddles the cow dung fermented and peat according to 1:1, will Mixture filling field planting hole bottom, every hole applies 3~5 kilograms, P in soil H value is adjusted to 6~7.Early or mid March is colonized, 1 meter of selection height healthy apple sapling below, root are colonized after impregnating rooting powder solution, and blinding is simultaneously treaded.By table after blinding Soil, which is filled out, surrounds round stalk in surrounding, 15~20 centimetres higher than pitted surface, and dry branches and fallen leaves is spread in stalk, plays the work of water-retaining effect With.
Fertilizer and water management: mineral resources humic acid solution is applied in top dressing, and in terms of weight point, component is as follows: trace element zinc 0.5~1 Part, it is 1.0~1.5 parts of boron, 0.7~1 part of copper, 0.7~1 part of manganese, 15~20 parts of nitrogen, 5~10 parts of phosphorus, 5~10 parts of potassium, water-soluble to have 15~20 parts of machine matter, 5~8 parts of the water-soluble charcoal of 10~15 parts of humic acid, small molecule.For 1~2 year little tree, the 3-5 month, monthly often Strain 50 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers of top dressing, June to September monthly chase after 100 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers for every plant, apply primary organic mid-October Fertilizer, 1~2 kilogram every plant.
Cultivate administration: mid or late May carries out stand cultivation and is inserted vertically into 3~5 centimetres of diameter away from 5 centimeters of sapling root Bamboo pole, sapling is strapped on bamboo pole every 30~40 cm heights, it is ensured that trunk is upright.
Embodiment 2:
Apple tree for 3 years or more:
The whole soil of orchard establishment: selection red soil mountainous region, hillside fields or hilly ground, plantation the first two months carry out turning over solarization soil, turn over depth Degree is 30~40 centimetres, and grogs is broken to 1.5 centimetres or less.Field planting hole is dug in completion after turning over, depth is 40~50 centimetres, partly Diameter is 40~50 centimetres, and distance between rows and hills is 4 × 2 meters, is shone soil 15 days or more, and 1~2 kilogram of quick lime is admixed in field planting hole, adjusts soil Acidity effectively eliminates disease pest bacterium.Butch clover is planted in orchard, can choose the sowing of two season of spring and autumn, spring is in mid or late March Sowing, autumn are sowed in mid or late September, and application rate is at 5~8 kilograms, 1~2 centimetre of earthing per acre.Before sowing, apply per acre organic 1500~2000 kilograms of fertilizer, nodule of white clover bacterium is smashed to pieces and is mixed with seed, is diluted with water and stirs evenly.It is after planting daily It pours water, to keep the wet of topsoil, 10~15 days after emergence, 3~5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer application per acre.It is dug and is arranged according to orchard landform Ditch, draining trench direction and fruit tree row are spaced 8 meters, dig draining trench in row middle to consistent, by draining trench by water It is pooled to interregional biggish gutter, is finally discharged by lower.Collecting gutter sets plunge pool than dropping big, to lower flow velocity, Soil erosion is prevented to be lost.
Field planting: mentioning first trimester, cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate uniformly puddled according to 20:1, and periodically plus water, and cover film is sent out Ferment is until decomposed.The peat for taking 10~30 centimetres in woods uniformly puddles the cow dung fermented and peat according to 1:1, will Mixture filling field planting hole bottom, every hole applies 3~5 kilograms, P in soil H value is adjusted to 6~7.Early or mid March is colonized, 1 meter of selection height healthy apple sapling below, root are colonized after impregnating rooting powder solution, and blinding is simultaneously treaded.By table after blinding Soil, which is filled out, surrounds round stalk in surrounding, 15~20 centimetres higher than pitted surface, and dry branches and fallen leaves is spread in stalk, plays the work of water-retaining effect With.
Fertilizer and water management: mineral resources humic acid solution is applied in top dressing, and in terms of weight point, component is as follows: trace element zinc 0.5~1 Part, it is 1.0~1.5 parts of boron, 0.7~1 part of copper, 0.7~1 part of manganese, 15~20 parts of nitrogen, 5~10 parts of phosphorus, 5~10 parts of potassium, water-soluble to have 15~20 parts of machine matter, 5~8 parts of the water-soluble charcoal of 10~15 parts of humic acid, small molecule.For 3 years or more apple trees, before rudiment, Every plant is applied 200~300 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers, and the middle ten days and the last ten days in May, every plant chases after 200~300 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers, mid-September ~mid-October, Shi Yici organic fertilizer autumn fertilizer, 2~4 kilograms every plant.
Cultivate administration: removing the bamboo pole of stand, carries out drawing branch, is trimmed to spindle tree-like, makes tree is high to be no more than 3.5 Rice, hat width are 1~1.5 meter.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this In the scope of the claims of invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam, characterized by comprising:
(1) the whole soil of orchard establishment: plantation the first two months turn over solarization soil, and 30~40 centimetres of depth, grogs is broken to 1.5 centimetres hereinafter, fixed Planting hole depth is 40~50 centimetres, and radius is 40~50 centimetres, and distance between rows and hills is 4 × 2 meters, and field planting hole is shone soil 15 days or more, admixes 1 ~2 kilograms of quick limes.
(2) be colonized: cow dung, calcium magnesium phosphate puddle fermentation to decomposed, and filling field planting hole is uniformly puddled with peat;On in 3 months Ten days field planting, sapling surrounds round stalk, 15~20 centimetres higher than pitted surface, and dry branches and fallen leaves is spread in stalk, plays water-retaining effect.
(3) fertilizer and water management: mineral resources humic acid solution is applied in top dressing, for 1~2 year little tree, the 3-5 month and June to September, monthly often 50 grams and 100 grams of top dressing respectively of strain, mid-October, Shi Yici organic fertilizer, 1~2 kilogram every plant;For 3 years or more apples Tree, before rudiment and mid or late May, every plant of 200~300 grams of mineral resources humic acid fertilizers that apply fertilizer, mid-September~mid-October, Shi Yi Secondary organic fertilizer, 2~4 kilograms every plant.
(4) Cultivate administration: for 1~2 year little tree, mid or late May stand cultivation;For 3 years or more apple trees, remove The bamboo pole of stand carries out drawing branch.
2. a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: mineral resources Humic acid solution, in terms of weight point, component is as follows: 0.5~1 part of trace element zinc, 1.0~1.5 parts of boron, and 0.7~1 part of copper, manganese 0.7~1 part, 15~20 parts of nitrogen, 5~10 parts of phosphorus, 5~10 parts of potassium, 15~20 parts of water-soluble organic matter is 10~15 parts of humic acid, small 5~8 parts of the water-soluble charcoal of molecule.
3. a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: March The middle ten days and the last ten days or mid or late September plant butch clover in orchard, sow 5~8 kilograms per acre, preceding organic fertilizer 1500 per acre of sowing ~2000 kilograms, nodule of white clover bacterium is smashed to pieces and is mixed with seed, is diluted with water and stirs evenly, is after planting poured water daily, out 10~15 days after seedling, 3~5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer application per acre.
4. a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in advance Three months, cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly puddled according to 20:1, periodically plus water, and covers film fermentation until decomposed, take in woods 10~30 centimetres of peat uniformly puddles the cow dung fermented and peat according to 1:1.
5. a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: according to Orchard landform drainage trenching, draining trench direction and fruit tree row are spaced 8 meters, dig draining trench in row middle to consistent, by Water is pooled to interregional biggish gutter by draining trench, is finally discharged by lower, and collecting gutter sets plunge pool than dropping big, To lower flow velocity, soil erosion is prevented to be lost.
6. a kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: away from tree 5 centimeters stand cultivation of seedling root, is inserted vertically into 3~5 centimetres of diameter of bamboo pole, every 30~40 cm heights by sapling bondage On bamboo pole, it is ensured that trunk is upright;For 3 years or more apple trees, it is trimmed to spindle tree-like, is no more than tree height 3.5 meters, hat width is 1~1.5 meter.
CN201910695255.7A 2019-07-30 2019-07-30 A kind of apple efficient cultivation method suitable for southern red loam Pending CN110337978A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106900193A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-06-30 孙建国 A kind of red Fuji apple tree soil testing and formulated fertilization method
CN106804368A (en) * 2017-03-03 2017-06-09 昭通谢氏农业科技有限公司 A kind of red fuji apple implantation methods
CN106883070A (en) * 2017-03-03 2017-06-23 昭通谢氏农业科技有限公司 A kind of selenium-enriched apple implantation methods
CN107896789A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-04-13 桂林满梓玉农业开发有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of high-yield high-quality apple

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Application publication date: 20191018