CN1100134A - 洗涤剂组合物 - Google Patents
洗涤剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1100134A CN1100134A CN94114814A CN94114814A CN1100134A CN 1100134 A CN1100134 A CN 1100134A CN 94114814 A CN94114814 A CN 94114814A CN 94114814 A CN94114814 A CN 94114814A CN 1100134 A CN1100134 A CN 1100134A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- multipolymer
- molecular weight
- vinylation unsaturated
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 maleic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000006886 vinylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OQNZFMZDPKAMHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylic acid Chemical group COC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O OQNZFMZDPKAMHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 41
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 32
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMARGGQEAJXRFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C ZMARGGQEAJXRFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCN)=C(OC)C=C1Br YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSYGHMBJXWRQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylacetyl)oxyethyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound SCC(=O)OCCOC(=O)CS PSYGHMBJXWRQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有作为共聚单体单元的象马来酸
这样的脂族单乙烯不饱和二元羧酸、象丙烯酸这样的
单乙烯化的不饱和一元羧酸、象丙烯酸烷基酯这样的
不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体的共聚物。本发明
特别涉及在水乳剂聚合工艺中使用低含量的铜离子
以促进上述单体以高转化率共聚,同时维持并改善分
子量控制。这些聚合物主要用作防垢剂、分散剂,硬
表面清洁剂,洗涤剂增效剂和表面硬化抑制剂。
Description
本发明涉及含有象马来酸这样的脂族单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸、象丙烯酸这样的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸和象丙烯酸烷基酯这样的不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体作为溶液共聚单体单元的共聚物。本发明特别涉及低含量铜离子在水溶液共聚化工艺中的应用以促进上述的单体以高转化率共聚同时维持并改善分子量控制。这些共聚物主要用作防垢剂,分散剂,硬表面清洁剂,洗涤剂增效剂和表面硬化抑制剂。
单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸、单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸和不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体的共聚物作为防垢剂、分散剂,表面硬化抑制剂,洗涤剂中的增效剂,消絮剂和钻孔辅助液是有用的。几种使用水溶液聚合体系的技术已在先前在这些共聚物的制备中得到了描述。
最初,这类高分子量聚合物是用一个氧还体系来制备的,而更合乎需要的低分子量聚合物则是用象硫醇这样的链转移剂来制备的。然而,硫醇由于价格昂贵和其令人不愉快的气味而不受欢迎。美国专利号4,314,044(′044)试图通过描述一种用象衣康酸、富马酸和马来酸这样的不饱和二元羧酸来制备丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的低分子量水溶性共聚物的水溶液工艺过程从而来解决使用硫醇这一问题。′044专利披露了由一个引发剂和一种金属盐所构成的一个催化
体系的应用,其中引发剂与金属离子的分子比从大约10∶1到大约150∶1,以所存在的单体的量为基准,引发剂以0.5到35重量百分比的量存在。
'044专利的工艺经美国专利号4,659,793('793)而得到了修改,后者描述了一个制备单乙烯化不饱和脂族二元羧酸与α、β-乙烯化不饱和单体的共聚物的水溶液间歇操作工艺。据称,通过使用象1至250ppm这样低含量的各种金属离子中的一种,以干燥共聚物的总量为基准计算,残余的单体含量可以被减少到0.5%或更低。'793专利描述了一个含有由重量比为25-55%的二元羧酸和重量比为45-75%的乙烯化不饱和单体所组成的单元作为共聚单体的共聚物,据称所说的共聚物具有从2000至1,000,000的重量平均分子量。然而,'793专利中所列举的二元羧酸的最低含量为30%,得到的重量平均分子量为25000至40000。所披露出的适合用于'793专利的工艺的金属离子是:Zn2+,Co3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Mo2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Cr3+,Ni2+,Ce4+和Ce2+。没有哪种金属离子表现出比其它金属离子中的任何一个更具优势,而且只有Fe2+在该专利的特例中得到了说明。
另一个用于合成这些聚合物的工艺是一个披露于美国专利号4,725,655中的连续阶式工艺。这个专利所描述的是具有重量比为单体的10至60%的浓度的单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸、具有重量部分比为单体的40至90%的浓度的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸和具有重量比不大于单体的20%的浓度的任意的不含羧基单体的共聚化反应。这一反应是在重量比为0.5至6%的水溶性自由基生成抑制剂的存在下进行的。这一程序需要有多个反应器,较理想的数目是至少3个。这一工艺并不要求使用任何金属盐。
同是转让给了与本发明相同的受让人的、1989年5月17日提出申请的尚待审理的美国专利申请系列号No.353,376('376)也描述了一个单乙烯化不饱和脂族二元羧酸与α、β-乙烯化不饱和单体的共聚物的制备方法。'376号专利申请书描述了通过向反应器中同时加入不同的单位而生产具有更一致的组成的共聚物的一种连续式间歇式工艺。单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸的浓度是总单体浓度的5至65%,更理想些是从10至60%(重量比),单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸的浓度是总单体浓度的35-95%,更理想些是40-90%(重量比)。这一操作程序也使用浓度为1-200ppm、更理想些是1至25ppm的金属盐,以单体的总量计算。这些金属离子包括钴、铁、铜、镍、锰、锆和锌的水溶性盐。同样,在共聚物的分子量控制方面没有哪种金属离子表现出了比其他金属离子的更多的优势。
目前,在制备含有3-25%的低含量的脂族单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸的共聚物的过程中,没有哪种工艺能控制分子量和分支度。当用先前已被描述的任何一种技术来合成在本发明范围内的共聚物时,共聚物在合成的过程中趋向于显著地分支,同时分子量将增长。在大部分情况下这将使得反应液粘度增加,实际上就是胶冻状。当共聚物在先前的这些工艺技术下被合成出来时,通常其分子量已经太高,这种共聚物已不是人们所期望的。
因此,本发明的一个主要目标就是要提供含有低含量的象马来酸这样的单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸和高含量的象丙烯酸这样的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸单元的新型的水溶性、低分子量共聚物。含有这些新型共聚物的洗涤剂和水处理配方也在本发明范围之内。
现在已经发现,通过使用低含量的铜盐作为共聚化作用缓和剂,含有低含量的单乙烯化不饱和脂族二元羧酸的共聚物可以被成功地合成而得,分子量也可以被控制在预期的水平上。令人吃惊的是,在以前的工艺中披露的普通的金属盐中,铜盐被发现在其性能方面是无可匹敌的。
本发明提供一种用于制备单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸、特别是马来酸,象丙烯酸这样的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸和象丙烯酸烷基酯这样的不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体的共聚物的水溶液分批或连续式工艺。与那些由在先前的工艺中所述的工艺过程及用类似单体制备而得的共聚物相比,通过使用本发明的工艺,具有受到控制的分子量的、较低含量的脂族单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸的共聚物可以被制备,它们的分子量也可以被控制。
我们已经发现本发明的目的能通过在一个连续的式分批操作工艺中使用低含量的铜盐作为金属盐共聚化作用缓和剂来实现。在连续操作工艺中这种金属盐共聚化缓和剂可以与本发明的单体一起同时加入到反应器中。在分批操作工艺中该金属盐共聚化缓和剂可以被包容在最初的投入到反应器中的单体中,或者与单体一起加入到反应器中,或者将二者结合使用。依据我们的工艺所合成的这些共聚物可以被用作防垢剂和表面硬化抑制剂。
我们已经发现了一个用于以高转化率制备含有作为共聚单体单元的脂族单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸、单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸和不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体的共聚物的工艺。我们已经发现在水溶液共聚化反应中使用低含量的铜盐有利于改善分子量控制,此外,可以制备更大范围的聚合物成分。尽管这里所提出的工艺的机理尚未被完全理解,但据信本发明的反应中所用的铜盐起到了共聚缓和剂的作用,即它们控制分子量、链的长度和分支度。在这里本发明的这种理论被提出来作为对所得到的令人吃惊的结果的一种解释,但绝不是想用它来限制本发明的范围。
共聚化反应可以用一个分批操作工艺或是一个连续操作工艺来进行。在分批操作工艺中,将二元羧酸单体的水溶液置于一反应器中,将铜盐共聚化缓和剂加进去。将此溶液加热,然后在几个小时的时间内将一种或多种共聚单体的水溶液、引发剂溶液和中和液加入到反应器中。一种可供选择的改变包括将两种或更多的溶液在加到反应器中。一种可供选择的改变包括将两种或更多的溶液在加到反应器中以前先进行合并,另一种可供选择的方法包括将单体作为单独的溶液加进去。
在连续操作工艺中,反应器最初仅装有水或金属盐共聚化缓和剂的水溶液,然后加热至一较高温度。金属盐可以被同时加入到反应容器中,或者包容在最初的投料中,或者二者兼而有之。然后,单体、引发剂和中和液可以以一个基本上均匀的速度加进去,这里基本上均匀的速度可以包括被加入溶液的同时、线性加入或者是被加入的溶液以稍有不同的速度和时间加入。更理想些,将三种溶液加入到反应器中,即单体溶液、引发剂溶液和中和剂溶液。一种令人满意的可供选择的改变包括在加入到反应器中之前将三种溶液中的两种或更多种溶液合并,一个更进一步的可供选择的方法包括将
单体作为单独的溶液加入。单体和引发剂加入的速度和时间可以根据单体的反应性不同而变化,从而使单体的转化率增大到最大限度。
本工艺中所用的起始共聚单体是每分子含有4至6个碳原子的单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸、它们的碱金属和铵盐,以及顺式二元羧酸的酸酐。合适的单体的例子包括马来酸、衣康酸、甲基富马酸、富马酸,柠康酸,和象马来酸酐这样的顺式二元羧酸的酸酐。在这些单体中马来酸酐是较为理想的。单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸的浓度可以是总单体浓度的3至25%,更理想些是5至23%(重量比)。
起始共聚单体包括每分子含有3至6个碳原子的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸,包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸,乙烯基乙酸、巴豆酸和丙烯酰氧丙酸。较理想的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸是丙烯酸。这些单体的浓度是总单体浓度的75-97%,更理想些是77-95%(重量比)。
其它的起始单体可以是不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体,包括象丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯,甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸异丁酯这样的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯;象丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯这样的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的羟烷基酯;丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺,N-特丁基丙烯酰胺,N-甲基丙烯酰胺,N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺;丙烯腈,甲基丙烯腈,烯丙醇,烯丙基磺酸,烯丙基膦酸,乙烯基膦酸,丙烯酸二甲胺乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸膦乙酯,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,N-乙烯基甲酰胺,N-乙烯基咪唑,乙二醇二内烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯,乙酸乙烯酯,苯乙烯,乙烯基磺酸及其盐和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)及其盐。不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体的浓度可以是总单体浓度的0-80%(重量比)。典型情况下,该浓度高达35%,并且取决于反应混合物中特殊单体的溶解性。
可以被使用的水溶性引发剂是大家所熟知的过氧化物、过硫酸盐和偶氮类引发剂,包括过氧化氢,t-丁基过氧化氢,过硫酸钠,过硫酸钾,过硫酸铵,过磷酸钠,过磷酸铵,过磷酸钾和2,2-偶氮双(氰基戊酸)。引发剂的浓度通常是0.5-20%,理想些是1-10%,以单体的总重量为基准计算。
水溶性铜盐最好是以1-200ppm,更理想些是以1-50ppm的含量存在。铜盐包括所有的能在水溶液中产生铜离子的无机或有机化合物。这些盐包括象硫酸铜、硝酸铜、氯化铜,乙酸铜这样的盐和水溶性铜络合物。
共聚化反应进行到大约20-80%的固体,最理想的是30-65%的固体。聚合温度在80-150℃最佳,更理想些是90-120℃。当在分批方式中进行时,单体的加入速度在1至10小时,理想些是1至6小时,而当反应作为一种连续操作工艺进行时,停留时间至少要用30分钟。如果残余的单体含量高于预期的含量,可以采用共聚后加入引发剂(追加催化剂)或加入引发剂和一种单体的办法。
以单体混合物的酸含量为基准计算,20至80百分当量的碱,最好是40至60百分当量的碱的过程中中和溶液可以在整个共聚化反应中线性地加入到反应器中。适宜的碱包括氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾和氢氧化铵。反应液的pH值维持在3至7的范围内,最好是4至6。
现在参照附在这里的图1和图2,本发明将得到更详尽的解释。
图1是由马来酸和丙烯酸单位单元合成得的共聚物的分子量对以单体总量为基准的马来酸重量百分比所做的图。为了提供一个显著的比较,该图包含有两条测绘线,一个是没有铜的共聚物合成的结果,一个是有铜作为共聚化缓和剂的共聚物合成的结果。
图2是共聚物分子量对于由80/20的丙烯酸/马来酸所组成的共聚物的合成的金属的种类所绘的条棒图。
这两个图都表明了用铜盐作为共聚化缓和剂的明显的优越性。图1将使用了铜盐所合成得的共聚物的分子量与没有任何金属共聚化缓合剂的情况下所合成得的共聚物的分子量进行了比较。铜盐在共聚物中马来酸含量的很大范围内表现出较好的分子量控制。如果没有用铜盐作为共聚化缓和剂,共聚物的分子量就会随着共聚物中所含的马来酸的量的减少而迅速增加到一个不合乎需要的水平。图2用铜盐作为对立面将之与其它金属进行了比较,并说明了稳定的分子量控制现象对于铜是任何的独特。铜是唯一的导致一个含有20%马来酸并具有合乎要求的分子量的共聚物的金属。所有试验过的其它金属盐都导致共聚溶液的胶冻化,除了铁离子导致一个不合需要的、非常高分子量的共聚物。
这些图都表明了在共聚反应过程中的控制分子量和支化度方面用铜作为共聚化缓和剂的优越性。没有任何一种其它的常用金属离子控制分子量能达到铜这种程度。
本发明的共聚物当用作增效助剂时可以以高达约50%(重量比)的浓度加到洗涤剂配方中去,但只需0.1-5.0%(重量比)、更理想些是0.5-5.0%就能增进表面硬化抑制作用(或盐的抗再沉淀作用)。洗涤剂配方通常包括作为活性组分的一种洗涤剂增效助剂和至少一种水溶性有机表面活性剂,例如阴离子、非离子、两性离子和两性表面活性剂。通过使用大量的主要目的在于增进产品的美学效果的任意的组分,特殊的性能特征就被引入到了洗涤剂配方中来了。这些组分是光学增白剂,去污剂、转化剂和香水。这些任意的洗涤剂添加剂的化学性质并不是本发明的基本特色,因为这些东西对于那些熟悉洗涤剂工艺的人来说是人所共知的。
其它可以用于本发明的洗涤剂配方中的增效化合物的实例包括羧甲氧基琥珀酸和氧联二乙酸的碱金属盐,焦磷酸四钠盐和四钾盐,三聚磷酸五钠和五钾盐,乙醚聚羧酸盐,柠檬酸盐,由聚羧化物和聚丙烯酸衍生而来的淀粉或纤维等等。本发明的共聚物在含有一个象碳酸钠这样的沉淀剂组分的洗涤剂配方中作为抗再沉淀剂是特别有用的。其它可以存在于液体或粉末的洗涤剂成分中的材料是那些通常就存在于其中的材料。它们的典型例子包括土壤悬浮剂,水溶助长剂,缓蚀剂,染料,香料,填料,磨料,光学增白剂,酶,增泡剂,泡沫分散剂,杀菌剂,抗晦暗剂,阳离子洗涤剂,软化剂,氯释放剂,缓冲剂及其它。洗涤剂组分中剩余部分是水。
本发明洗涤剂组合物可以以如下组合物的常见物理形式中的任何一种存在,象粉末,珠粒,薄片,块状,片状,面条状,液体,膏糊等等。洗涤剂组合物可以按惯常的方式进行制备和使用。本发明的共聚物的一个额外的优点就是它们是可生物降解的。
下面的具体实例是用来说明本发明的实施方案,但并非是用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
往一个装有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和加料漏斗的两升的四口烧瓶中加入190克去离子水、6克五水硫酸铜(Ⅱ)溶于去离子水的0.15%的溶液和42.4克马来酸酐。将该溶液加热至回流,在两个小时内并维持回流下依次分别往烧瓶中加入200克冰丙烯酸、40克去离水和12.5克过硫酸钠的引发剂溶液和217克50%的氢氧化钠溶液(以单体为基准75%当量)。加料完毕后该体系再保持回流20分钟,然后冷至60℃,加入52克50%的氢氧化钠水溶液调节溶液pH。所得pH6.7的聚合物溶液固体物含量为46.0%由凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定,其重均分子量(Mw)为15,200,数均分子量(Mw)为7440。残余马来酸含量为0.2%,残余丙烯酸含量为0.01%。
实施例2(比较例)
除无五水硫酸铜(Ⅱ)溶液加入到反应器外重复例1步骤。在加料完毕前聚合聚合反应溶液胶化。
实施例3(比较例)
除加入6克0.15%的七水硫酸亚铁(Ⅱ)代替五水硫酸铜(Ⅱ)外,重复例1步骤。
所得pH6.7的聚合物溶液的固体含量为47.0%。依据GPC,Mw为91,100,Mn为9420。残余马来酸含量为0.1%,残余丙烯酸含量为0.01%。
实施例4(比较例)
除加入1.08克1.0%的硫酸铈(Ⅲ)溶液代替五水硫酸铜(Ⅱ)溶液外重复例1的步骤。在加料完毕前聚合反应液胶化。
实施例5(比较例)
除加入6.4克0.15%的七水硫酸亚钴(Ⅱ)溶液代替五水硫酸铜(Ⅱ)溶液外重复例1的步骤。在加料完毕前聚合反应液胶化。
实施例6(比较例)
除起始加入反应器3克0.15%五水硫酸铜和50克蒸馏水外重复例1的步骤。反应后期pH用30.1克50%的NaOH水溶液调节。
所得pH5.9聚合物溶液的固体物含量为44.6%。依据GPC,Mw为33,500,Mn为9,990。残余丙烯酸含量为0.07%,残余马来酸含量为0.16%。
实施例7
除往反应器中加入12克0.15%的五水硫酸铜外重复例1的步骤。
所得pH6.8的聚合物溶液的固体物含量为45.5%。依据GPC,Mw为15,200,Mn为7,930。残余物丙烯酸含量为1.2%,残余马来酸含量为1.0%。
实施例8(比较例)
除往反应器中加入1.4克1.0%的乙二胺四乙酸铁(Ⅲ)单钠盐溶液外重复例1的步骤。在逐渐加料完毕前,由于分子量增加聚合反应液胶化。
实施例9
除向反应器中加入1.4克1.0%的乙二胺四乙酸铜(Ⅱ)单钠盐溶液外重复例1的步骤。
所得pH6.8的聚合物溶液的固体物含量为45.9%。依据GPC,Mw为15,100,Mn为6,090。残余丙烯酸含量为0.54%,残余马来酸含量为0.39%。
实施例10
除向反应器中加入10.6克马来酸酐外重复例1的步骤。单体辅助加料为237.5克丙烯酸,碱辅助加料为211克50%的NaOH溶液。反应后期pH用43.3克50%的NaOH调节。
所得pH5.9的聚合物溶液的固体物含量为42.3%依据GPC,Mw为37,800,Mn为9,320。残余丙烯酸含量为0.5%,残余马来酸含量为0.1%。
实施例11
除向反应器中加入50克甲叉丁二酸外重复例1的步骤。碱辅助加料为213克50%的NaOH溶液。反应后期pH用62.3克50%的NaOH溶液调节。
所得pH12.8的聚合物溶液的固体物含量为42.4%。依据GPC,Mw为39,600,Mn为9,880。残余丙烯酸含量为0.09%,残余甲叉丁二酸含量小于0.01%。
实施例12
除引发剂辅助加料包含有14.1克偶氮二氰基戊酸8克50%的氢氧化钠和50克去离子水外重复例1的步骤。
所得pH6.2的聚合物溶液的固体物含量为47.1%。依据GPC,Mw为24,600,Mn为10,200。残余丙烯酸含量为0.71%,残余马来酸含量为0.78%。
实施例13
除不向反应器中加硫酸铜溶液外重复例12的步骤。
所得pH6.9的聚合物溶液的固体物含量为47.9%。依据GPC,Mw为46,600,Mn为13,900。残余丙烯酸含量为0.11%,残余马来酸含量为0.06%。
洗涤剂试验:
用于本发明试验的洗涤剂配方具有如下组成:10%的氢氧化钠、3%的有效氯和5.1%的聚合物固体。在一些试验中也采用了14%的氢氧化钠含量来评价较高的碱含量对洗涤性能的作用,以与用该聚合物促进洗涤相对比。在一些试验中也以4.7%含量使用了硅酸钠,大约相当于3.3%的硅酸盐固体(SiO2)。这些洗涤剂组合物的性能与典型的商品Interest(Diversey-Wyandotte公司的商标)洗涤剂作了比较,后者是一种以磷酸盐为基础的组合物。
本发明的那些洗涤剂和Interest洗涤剂都以浴中从约0.2%使用含量(以此为基础)至1.5%的洗涤剂浓度进行试验。洗涤剂主要针对多循环沉积冷牛奶污物进行试验。试验中被污基底是1"×3"×0.037"的304不锈钢板。用于稀释洗涤剂和洗涤钢板的水不管其硬度,水中含有100ppm至600ppmCaCO3的硬度和225ppm的碳酸氢钠。
冷牛奶污染的钢板的准备是先用甲醇预清洗,再将它们浸入1%的Interest溶液中15分钟,然后用去离子水冲洗和干燥。将化学清洗过的钢板(一次6片)浸入新鲜的纯牛奶(Vitamin A& D-未脱脂的或低脂的)至它们总长度的7/8,并精确地搅拌15分钟。这是试验的污染部分。
15分钟污染过程后,移出钢板,在200ppmCa CO3硬度的
120°F的自来水中冲洗。然后将每片试验钢板在摇动浴槽中维持在60℃的洗涤剂溶液中清洗。洗涤剂溶液所含的水的硬度和清洁剂的浓度列于例中。洗涤剂溶液中还含有两滴牛奶,作为对本试验额外的强调。在钢板浸入搅拌的洗涤剂溶液10分钟后,移出试验钢板在120°F自来水中冲洗。这构成一个循环。
然后再将钢板放回到牛奶浴中开始污染和清洗的第二个循环。每个钢板总共经受五个完整的污染、清洗和冲洗循环。
钢板在自来水中作最后一次冲洗后,浸入1%的蛋白质染色液中2至3分钟(所用蛋白质染料是Safranine O)。染色液立即附着在未被洗涤剂去除的任何牛奶污物上。根据留在钢板上的牛奶污物的量,得出红色斑点的各种级别。红色斑点越暗,则留在钢板上的牛奶污物越多。着色的钢板用热风吹干并用如下标度分级:
等级 外观
0 钢板干净
1 一个暗淡的薄膜显而易见,但无红色
2 可见到红色斑点
3 显著的红色覆盖钢板50%
4 红色覆盖整个钢板
5 非常深的红色覆盖整个钢板
试验结果表面本发明清洁剂对除去牛奶污物是有用的。结果还表明,当采用较高硬度的水(>300ppm)时,本发明的共聚物优于前
述的丙烯酸单聚物,甚至在其分子量相当时。
在较高硬度下所有聚合物配方都倾向于允许在试验钢板上结垢。对于本发明的聚合物硅酸钠的加入阻止了此垢的形成,但对于丙烯酸单聚物却不行。
Claims (4)
1、一种洗涤剂组合物,它包括一种选自阴离子、非离子、两性离子、两性的洗涤剂化合物及其混合物的水溶性洗涤剂化合物;一种选自羧甲氧基琥珀酸和氧联二乙酸的碱金属盐,焦磷酸四钠和四钾盐,三聚磷酸五钠盐和五钾盐、乙醚聚羧化物,柠檬酸盐,由聚羧化物、聚丙烯酸衍生物而来的淀粉或纤维素等等的增效助剂;任意的辅助剂;以及至多35%(重量)水溶性低分子量的共聚物,该共聚物主要由单乙烯化不饱和二元酸,单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸和不含羧基的单乙烯化不饱和单体衍生,其中这样的共聚物的分子量小于25,000Mw,所述共聚物的单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸含量低于25%(重量),以单体的总量为基准计算。
2、权利要求1的洗涤剂组合物,其中所述的单乙烯化不饱和二元羧酸是马来酸,而所说的单乙烯化不饱和一元羧酸是丙烯酸。
3、权利要求1的洗涤剂组合物,其中所述共聚物的含量为0.1-20%(重量)。
4、权利要求1的洗涤剂组合物,其中所述其聚物的含量为0.5-5.0%(重量)。
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CN91100772A Expired - Fee Related CN1030322C (zh) | 1990-02-06 | 1991-02-06 | 在共聚反应中有效控制分子量的工艺 |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5055540A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0441022B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3054873B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100190513B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1030322C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE123297T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU644803B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9003959A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2022705C (zh) |
DD (1) | DD296692A5 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69019814T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0441022T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2073532T3 (zh) |
IE (1) | IE902758A1 (zh) |
NZ (2) | NZ234722A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH27560A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT94976A (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA906080B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (30)
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US5409629A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1995-04-25 | Rohm And Haas Company | Use of acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers for enhanced clay soil removal in liquid laundry detergents |
US5268437A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-12-07 | Rohm And Haas Company | High temperature aqueous polymerization process |
US5866012A (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1999-02-02 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Multifunctional maleate polymers |
DE69434056T2 (de) * | 1993-01-26 | 2006-02-23 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corp., Wilmington | Waschmittelzusammensetzung |
ES2115214T3 (es) * | 1993-02-05 | 1998-06-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Adyuvante para agentes de lavado o de limpieza. |
US5431846A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1995-07-11 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Copolymers and detergent compositions containing them |
ES2072812B1 (es) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-02-16 | Derypol S A | Procedimiento para la preparacion de copolimeros de acidos dicarboxilicos |
EP0630965A1 (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1994-12-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated liquid hard surface detergent compositions containing maleic acid-olefin copolymers |
EP0874008B1 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 2001-10-31 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Maleic acid copolymer, process for producing the same and uses thereof |
DE4405621A1 (de) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-08-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Copolymerisaten aus Vinylestern und monoethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren und ihre Verwendung |
US6335404B1 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 2002-01-01 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous process for preparing aqueous weight carboxyl containing polymers |
CA2151112A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-14 | Michael Bennett Freeman | High temperature polymerization process and products therefrom |
DE4420920A1 (de) * | 1994-06-16 | 1995-12-21 | Basf Ag | Vinylformiateinheiten enthaltende Copolymerisate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln |
JP2001081108A (ja) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-27 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | ビニル系低分子量重合体の製造方法及びビニル系低分子量重合体、並びに、トナー用バインダー樹脂組成物及びトナー |
TWI236483B (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Low molecular weight (methyl) acrylic acid (acrylate) polymer and preparation process and use thereof |
KR100370773B1 (ko) * | 2000-09-14 | 2003-02-05 | 김성진 | 쌀겨첨가 방식제의 제조방법 및 그 방식제 |
JP4241821B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-24 | 2009-03-18 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 金属表面処理用カルボキシレート含有ポリマー |
CN100389137C (zh) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-05-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种丁烯二酸聚合物的制备方法 |
KR100626552B1 (ko) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-09-22 | 김수동 | 잔류단량제와 개시제 잔류물이 적게 함유된폴리아크릴아마이드 공중합체의 제조 |
CN100509683C (zh) * | 2006-09-30 | 2009-07-08 | 江苏博特新材料有限公司 | 一种低分子量共聚物分散剂及其制备方法 |
WO2009060966A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Cleaning compositions with monocarboxylic acid monomers, dicarboxylic monomers, and monomers comprising sulfonic acid groups |
US9133422B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-09-15 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Sulfonic group-containing, maleic acid-based, water-soluble copolymer aqueous solution and powder obtained by drying the aqueous solution |
EP2221324B1 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2013-01-16 | Rohm and Haas Company | Process for making improved aliphatic dicarboxylic acid copolymers |
US20100234264A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Marianne Patricia Creamer | Scale-reducing additive for automatic dishwashing systems |
EP2228426A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-15 | Rohm and Haas Company | Scale-reducing additive for automatic dishwashing systems |
US20110021410A1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-01-27 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Novel formulation of a ware washing solid controlling hardness |
KR101118625B1 (ko) | 2010-03-24 | 2012-03-06 | 회명산업 주식회사 | 수용성 절삭유 |
CN103539270B (zh) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-05 | 南京林业大学 | Aa/ba/amps三元无磷聚合型缓蚀阻垢剂及其制备方法 |
US9279097B1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2016-03-08 | Ecolab USA, Inc. | Polymers for industrial laundry detergents |
CN109486271A (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-03-19 | 郑州林海环保材料有限公司 | 一种涂料有机分散剂及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
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US2789099A (en) * | 1953-09-04 | 1957-04-16 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Polymerization of acrylic acid in aqueous solution |
FR2514746B1 (fr) * | 1981-10-20 | 1985-05-31 | Coatex Sa | Agent inhibiteur d'incrustations et de precipitation pour le traitement des eaux industrielles et/ou domestiques |
US4485223A (en) * | 1981-10-29 | 1984-11-27 | Pfizer Inc. | (Meth)acrylic acid/itaconic acid copolymers, their preparation and use as antiscalants |
IT1162878B (it) * | 1982-06-16 | 1987-04-01 | Albright & Wilson | Procedimento per la preparazione di polimeri idrosolubili di acidi insaturi e polimeri ottenuti con il procedimento |
DE3233778A1 (de) * | 1982-09-11 | 1984-03-15 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren einer kontinuierlichen herstellung von copolymerisaten aus monoethylenisch ungesaettigten mono- und dicarbonsaeuren |
DE3426368A1 (de) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-01-23 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Copolymerisate fuer wasch- und reinigungsmittel |
US4659793A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1987-04-21 | Alco Chemical Corporation | Preparation of aqueous solutions of copolymers of dicarboxylic acids having a low dicarboxylic acid monomer content |
DE3716544A1 (de) * | 1987-05-16 | 1988-11-24 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von wasserloeslichen copolymerisaten, die monomere mit mindestens zwei ethylenisch ungesaettigten doppelbindungen einpolymerisiert enthalten, in wasch- und reinigungsmitteln |
DE3716543A1 (de) * | 1987-05-16 | 1988-11-24 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von wasserloeslichen copolymerisaten, die monomere mit mindestens zwei ethylenisch ungesaettigten doppelbindungen einpolymerisiert enthalten, in wasch- und reinigungsmitteln |
EP0337694B1 (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1993-12-29 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Process for producing acid-type maleic acid polymer and water-treating agent and detergent additive containing said polymer |
US5244988A (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1993-09-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Maleate polymerization process |
-
1990
- 1990-02-06 US US07/475,580 patent/US5055540A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-30 IE IE275890A patent/IE902758A1/en unknown
- 1990-07-31 AT AT90308429T patent/ATE123297T1/de active
- 1990-07-31 PH PH40932A patent/PH27560A/en unknown
- 1990-07-31 EP EP90308429A patent/EP0441022B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-31 DD DD90343179A patent/DD296692A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-31 NZ NZ234722A patent/NZ234722A/xx unknown
- 1990-07-31 DK DK90308429.1T patent/DK0441022T3/da active
- 1990-07-31 AU AU60044/90A patent/AU644803B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-31 NZ NZ243407A patent/NZ243407A/en unknown
- 1990-07-31 DE DE69019814T patent/DE69019814T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-31 ES ES90308429T patent/ES2073532T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-02 ZA ZA906080A patent/ZA906080B/xx unknown
- 1990-08-03 CA CA002022705A patent/CA2022705C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-10 BR BR909003959A patent/BR9003959A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-13 PT PT94976A patent/PT94976A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-03 JP JP2266140A patent/JP3054873B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-18 KR KR1019900016576A patent/KR100190513B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-02-06 CN CN91100772A patent/CN1030322C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-08-01 CN CN94114814A patent/CN1100134A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2022705A1 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
DE69019814D1 (de) | 1995-07-06 |
DE69019814T2 (de) | 1995-12-07 |
ZA906080B (en) | 1991-10-30 |
NZ243407A (en) | 1994-01-26 |
PT94976A (pt) | 1991-09-30 |
DK0441022T3 (da) | 1995-07-24 |
ATE123297T1 (de) | 1995-06-15 |
DD296692A5 (de) | 1991-12-12 |
NZ234722A (en) | 1994-01-26 |
CN1030322C (zh) | 1995-11-22 |
KR910015602A (ko) | 1991-09-30 |
KR100190513B1 (ko) | 1999-06-01 |
JPH03234713A (ja) | 1991-10-18 |
US5055540A (en) | 1991-10-08 |
EP0441022B1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
BR9003959A (pt) | 1991-11-12 |
AU644803B2 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
CA2022705C (en) | 2001-05-29 |
EP0441022A3 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
IE902758A1 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
ES2073532T3 (es) | 1995-08-16 |
AU6004490A (en) | 1991-08-08 |
PH27560A (en) | 1993-08-18 |
EP0441022A2 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
JP3054873B2 (ja) | 2000-06-19 |
CN1053925A (zh) | 1991-08-21 |
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