CN108887561A - 一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉配方 - Google Patents
一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉配方 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉配方，包括以下组分：葡萄籽提取物，玉米，大麦，花生，黄豆，黑豆，南瓜，猕猴桃，桑葚，红枣，山药，魔芋，低聚果糖，麦芽糊精。该代餐食用方便，营养丰富，经动物实验证明具有降血糖降血脂功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉配方
背景技术
高血脂和高血糖是现代富贵文明病之一。随着生活质量的提高，高脂、高糖饮食的不断摄入加上运动量的减少，使得体内代谢系统紊乱，导致高血脂和高血糖症状。高血脂症是由于脂质代谢或运转异常导致血浆或血清中一种或多种脂质过高的血脂代谢紊乱疾病，血浆中胆固醇(TC)和/或三酰甘油(TG)水平高于正常水平。高血脂症通常会引起内皮细胞的功能障碍以及血管壁功能和结构的损伤，是诱发包括动脉粥样硬化在内的心脑血管疾病以及胰腺炎等一些严重危害人体健康的重要危险因子。高血糖是糖尿病患者的普遍特征，是指血糖值长期超过正常范围。糖尿病是一种由于胰岛素分泌不足而引起的严重的内分泌代谢紊乱疾病，可导致一系列如糖尿病性心脑血病疾病、眼病、肾病及神经疾病等系列并发症，并可导致截肢、失明甚至死亡的严重后果。因此，预防抵抗高血脂及高血糖，改善血脂血糖代谢紊乱意义重大。
葡萄是常见的水果和酿酒原料，葡萄籽提取物(grape seed extract,EGS)中含有大量多酚类、脂质类和矿物类等化学成分，对多种疾病有预防和治疗作用。葡萄籽多酚类物质，主要指原花青素类。原花青素具有保护心肌、抗氧化、消炎、清除自由基、抗癌及肾保健等作用。动物实验表明，原花青素能降低血浆甘油三脂、总胆固醇水平。同时，原花青素也能通过影响胰岛素信号以及延缓肠道葡萄糖吸收来达到降血糖的功效。
代餐粉是为适应现代人生活压力大、时间紧迫而衍生出的一种简单方便营养的快速充饥食品。本发明研发的添加了葡萄籽提取物的代餐粉，营养均衡，不仅饱腹充饥，而且具有降血脂降血糖功效。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉配方。
本发明提供的一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉，按照质量比的原料组成为：葡萄籽提取物20％-70％，玉米10％-20％，大麦4％-6％，花生10％-15％，黄豆4％-6％，黑豆2％-5％，南瓜2％-5％，猕猴桃1％-3％，桑葚3％-5％，红枣4％-5％，山药1％-2％，魔芋5％-10％，低聚果糖10％-15％，麦芽糊精10％-15％。
本发明提供的代餐粉配方，各组分营养价值及功效如下：
玉米：玉米中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是亚油酸的含量高达60％以上，它和玉米胚芽中的维生素E协同作用，可降低血液胆固醇浓度并防止其沉积于血管壁。玉米对冠心病、动脉粥样硬化、高脂血症及高血压等都有一定的预防和治疗作用。维生素E还可促进人体细胞分裂，延缓衰老。玉米中还含有一种长寿因子----谷胱甘肽，它在硒的参与下，生成谷光甘肽氧化酶，具有恢复青春，延缓衰老的功能。玉米中含的硒和镁有防癌抗癌作用，硒能加速体内过氧化物的分解，使恶性肿瘤得不到分子氧的供应而受到抑制。镁一方面也能抑制癌细胞的发展，另一方面能促使体内废物排出体外，这对防癌也有重要意义。其含有的谷氨酸有一定健脑功能。
大麦：高蛋白、高膳食纤维、高维生素、低脂肪、低糖，是一种理想的保健食品。含有多种微量元素及维生素，还含有超氧化物歧化酶、细胞色素氧化酶等活性酶等。大麦能消暑热、辅助治疗胃炎及十二指肠球部溃疡等。大麦比燕麦的降脂效果更好，大麦的可溶性膳食纤维含量高于小麦和燕麦，能有效降低人体胆固醇含量。
花生：花生含有蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、维生素A、维生素B6、维生素E、维生素K、水分及矿物质钙、磷、铁等营养成分，可提供8种氨基酸及不饱和脂肪酸。蛋白质含量高达3 0％左右，可与鸡蛋、牛奶、瘦肉等媲美，且易被人体吸收。由于营养价值高，延年益寿，故被称为“长寿果”。花生皮含有大量B族维生素及可以止泻的单宁成分，所以还有补血的功效。花生可增加毛细血管弹性，预防高血压、脑溢血、心脏病及动脉硬化。花生具有止血功效，对手术后出血、癌肿瘤出血及肠胃、肺、子宫等内脏出血也有防治功效。花生中钙含量极高，故多食花生，可促进生长发育。花生可促进人体新陈代谢、增强记忆力及神经系统，益智、抗衰、延寿。
黄豆：黄豆含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪，还有卵磷脂及多种维生素。仅蛋白质黄豆就比瘦肉多1倍，比鸡蛋多2倍，比牛乳多1倍。黄豆中的皂草苷可延缓人体衰老；黄豆中的卵磷脂可除掉血管壁上的胆固醇，软化血管；黄豆中的抑胰酶，对糖尿病有一定疗效；黄豆中磷含量可观，对大脑神经非常有益，神经衰弱及体质虚弱者，常食有益；黄豆中富含的铁质，对缺铁性贫血患者大有裨益。
黑豆：含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸，富含维生素，其中E族和B族维生素含量最高，维生素E与黑豆中的花青素是良好的抗氧化剂，可驻颜、明目、乌发，使皮肤白嫩。黑豆中微量元素如锌、铜、镁、钼、硒、氟等的含量都很高，而这些微量元素对延缓人体衰老、降低血液粘稠度等非常重要；黑豆中粗纤维含量高，可促进消化，防止便秘发生。
南瓜：南瓜具有防癌治癌功效，预防食管癌和胃癌，对防止结肠癌也有一定的功效，同时能帮助肝、肾功能的恢复，增强肝、肾细胞的再生能力。能保护胃粘膜，促进胆汁分泌，免受粗糙食品刺激，加强胃肠蠕动，帮助食物消化。南瓜能降血糖降血压，调节胰岛素的平衡，维持正常的血压和血糖，也是肥胖者的理想减肥食品。南瓜种子中的脂类物质对泌尿系统疾病及前列腺增生具有良好的治疗和预防作用。常吃南瓜，可使大便通畅，肌肤丰美，尤其对女性，有美容作用。南瓜还可以预防中风，因南瓜里含有大量的亚麻仁油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸等甘油酸。
猕猴桃：猕猴桃较其他水果营养相对丰富全面，除含有丰富的维生素C、维生素A、维生素E以及钾、镁、纤维素等，含有其他水果比较少见的营养成分，如叶酸、胡萝卜素、天然肌醇、谷胱甘肽等；具有抗氧化功能，能帮助消除人体皱纹；猕猴桃中还含有非常丰富的膳食纤维，不仅能降低胆固醇，还具有助消化、排毒素、防便秘等功效；猕猴桃中含有的谷胱甘肽对癌细胞病变有一定的抑制作用。
桑葚：桑葚含有丰富的活性蛋白、维生素、氨基酸、胡萝卜素、矿物质等成分，具有延缓衰老、美容养颜的功效；中医认为桑葚为滋补强壮、养心益智佳果。桑葚能改善皮肤血液供应、使皮肤白嫩；具有免疫促进租用，可防癌抗癌；常食桑葚可以明目，缓解眼睛疲劳干涩症状。
红枣：枣能“补中益气，滋脾胃，润心肺，调营卫，缓阴血，生津液，悦颜色，通九窍，助十二经，和百药“。红枣味甘性平，在中医上属补益药，以补气为主，兼有养血津安神镇痛和调和药性等功效。对脾办虚寒，气血不足，饮食不振，神经衰弱气客炎、肝炎、贫血等症都有一定的疗效，并能缓和药性，减轻某些的毒性和刺激性。另外，枣中维生素E 能促进人的生殖能力，维生素P可防治心血管疾病和老年高血压。
山药：山药性平味甘，不寒不燥。有强健机体，滋肾益精的作用；可益肺气、养肺阴，治疗肺虚痰嗽久咳之症；山药含有大量的维生素、微量元素及黏液蛋白，能有效阻止血脂在血管壁沉淀，预防心血疾病，有益智安神、延年益寿的功效。
魔芋：魔芋中的纤维能促进胃肠蠕动，润肠通便，防止便秘和减少肠对脂肪的吸收，有利于肠道病症的治疗，并能减少体内胆固醇的积累，对防治高血压、冠状动脉硬化有重要意义。魔芋所含的烟酸、维生素C、E等能减少体内胆固醇的积累，预防动脉硬化和防治心脑血管疾病。魔芋是低热食品，食后有饱腹感，可用于治疗糖尿病。魔芋含有铬，能延缓葡萄糖的吸收，有效地降低餐后血糖，从而减轻胰腺的负担，使糖尿病患者的糖代谢处于良性循环，把血糖值保持在一定范围内。
低聚果糖：低聚果糖热量低，具有防龋齿、改善肠道微生物、降低血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量、促进营养物质特别是钙的吸收等功效。
抗性糊精：抗性糊精能强化饮食纤维，血糖反应低，释放时间长，对控制体重有益，可改善肠道菌群失调。
本发明每日推荐摄入量为30-50g。
附图说明
图1反映了实施案例1代餐粉辅助降血脂功能动物实验结果。
图2反映了实施案例1代餐粉辅助降血糖功能动物实验结果。
实施案例1
将各组分按以下配比制成粉剂：葡萄籽提取物20％，玉米粉15％，大麦粉5％，黄豆粉5％，黑豆粉3％，花生粉11％，桑葚粉3％，猕猴桃粉1.5％，红枣粉4.5％，南瓜粉2.5％，山药粉1.5％，魔芋粉6％，麦芽糊精10％，低聚果糖12％。
每日推荐摄入量30g。
案例1代餐粉经过辅助降血脂功能动物实验。
实验材料：案例1所述代餐粉：按人体每日推荐量30g，根据人体-大鼠体表面积比值表换算出大鼠的等效剂量为代餐粉2.1g/(Kg.d)；高脂饲料：在维持饲料中添加20.0％蔗糖、1 5％猪油、1.2％胆固醇、0.2％胆酸钠，适量的酪蛋白、磷酸氢钙、石粉；
混合型高脂血症动物模型建立：雄性SD大鼠40只，在实验室适应性饲养7d后，随机分成3组，即空白组、模型组对照组和受试样品组。空白组每日饲喂维持饲料；模型组和剂量粉组每日饲喂高脂饲料，持续4周。空白对照组和模型对照组大鼠禁食不禁水眼球采血，测定血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平。模型对照组和空白对照组比较，血清甘油三酯升高，血清总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高，差异均有显著性，则判定混合型高脂血症动物模型成立。
动物给样：判定混合型高脂血症动物模型成立后，受试样品组大鼠每日灌胃案例1所述代餐粉2.1g/(kg.d)，代餐粉加蒸馏水配制成混悬制剂用于大鼠灌胃，连续给药4周，空白组和模型组每日灌服等体积蒸馏水，各组大鼠自由饮水、摄食。末次给样后，各组大鼠禁食不禁水采血，测定血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平。根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)对辅助降血脂保健食品的判定标准，各剂量组与模型对照组比较，任一剂量组血清总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低，且任一剂量组血清甘油三酯降低，差异均有显著性，同时各剂量组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇不显著低于模型对照组，可判定该受试样品辅助降低血脂功能动物实验结果阳性。
实验结果：采用高脂饲料诱导混合型高脂血症动物模型，血清TC、TG含量是判断高脂血症的重要指标，模型组血清TC含量显著高于空白组(p<0.01)。LDL的升高与冠心病等病症的发病率呈正相关，而HDL是冠心病的负危险因素，其含量越低，则冠心病的发病率越高。模型组血清HDL含量显著低于空白对照组(p<0.05)，LDL含量高于空白对照组，差异具有显著性(p<0.01)。模型对照组和空白对照组比较，血清甘油三酯升高，血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高，差异均有显著性，判定混合型高脂血症动物模型成立。
采用混合型高脂血症动物模型，经口给予大鼠2.1g/kgBW(即人体推荐摄入量30g)案例一所述代餐粉4周，受试样品组血清总胆固醇水平和甘油三酯显著低于模型对照组(p<0.05)，血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与模型对照组相比差异无显著性，判定该葡萄籽代餐粉辅助降低胆固醇功能动物实验结果阳性。
具体数据如下：
| 组别 | TC(mmol/l) | TG(mmol/l) | HDL(mmol/l) | LDL(mmol/l) |
| 空白对照组 | 1.833±0.306a | 1.977±0.246a | 0.815±0.214a | 0.678±0.125a |
| 模型对照组 | 2.760±0.356b | 1.775±0.563a | 0.644±0.161ab | 1.475±0.270b |
| 受试样品组 | 2.173±0.577a | 0.923±0.808b | 0.591±0.159b | 1.196±0.368b |
根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)对辅助降血脂保健食品的判定标准可知，本发明案例一代餐粉按照每日推荐量30g摄入时辅助降血脂功能动物试验结果阳性。
案例1代餐粉经过辅助降血糖功能动物实验。
正常动物降糖实验
实验材料：案例1所述代餐粉：按人体每日推荐量30g，根据人体-大鼠体表面积比值表换算出大鼠的等效剂量，并添加到大鼠饲料中制成做受试样品维持饲料。
动物实验：雄性SD大鼠20只，在实验室适应性饲养7d后，随机分成2组，即空白对照组和受试样品组。空白对照组饲喂普通维持饲料，受试样品组饲喂添加代餐粉的特殊维持饲料。持续4周，试验结束前1d，各组动物隔夜禁食，测定空腹血糖含量。
实验结果：空腹血糖受试样品剂量组与对照组比较无统计学意义，判定每日推荐量30g 摄入时对正常动物血糖无影响。具体数据如下：
| (mmol/l) | 0h血糖 |
| 空白对照组 | 5.00±0.42a |
| 受试样品组 | 5.28±0.32a |
高血糖模型降糖实验
实验材料：案例1所述代餐粉：按人体每日推荐量30g，根据人体-大鼠体表面积比值表换算出大鼠的等效剂量，并添加到大鼠饲料中制成做受试样品维持饲料和受试样品高热能饲料；高热能饲料：猪油10％、蔗糖15％、蛋黄粉15％、酪蛋白5％、胆固醇1.2％、胆酸钠0.2％、碳酸氢钙0.6％、石粉0.4％、鼠维持料52.6％。
动物实验：雄性SD大鼠45只，在实验室适应性饲养7d后，随机分成3组，即空白组、模型组对照组和受试样品组。样品组给予添加受试样品的维持饲料饲养1周，空白组和模型组给与普通维持饲料。1周后，样品组更换为添加受试样品的高热能饲料，模型组给予普通高热能饲料。饲喂3周后，除空白对照组外其余均禁食不禁水24h，腹腔注射四氧嘧啶105mg/kg。注射后继续给予高热能饲料饲喂3d。试验结束前1d，各组动物隔夜禁食，测定空腹血糖含量(0h血糖)，15min后各组经口给予葡萄糖2.5g/kg，测定给葡萄糖后各组0.5，2 h的血糖值。并按下式计算血糖曲线下面积(AUC)。
AUC＝1/2×(0h血糖值+0.5h血糖值)×0.5+1/2×(2h血糖值+0.5h血糖值)×1.5
实验结果：采用四氧嘧啶诱导的胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱动物模型，与空白对照组相比，模型对照组0h血糖、0.5h血糖、2h血糖以及血糖曲线下面积均显著升高(p<0.05)，判定模型糖代谢紊乱成立。受试样品组0.5h、2h血糖和血糖曲线下面积显著低于模型对照组 (p<0.05)，根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)对辅助降血糖保健食品的判定标准，模型成立的前提下，受试样品剂量组与模型对照组比较，在给葡萄糖或医用淀粉后0.5、2小时任一时间点血糖下降(或血糖下降百分率升高)有统计学意义，或0、0.5、2小时血糖曲线下面积降低有统计学意义，判定该受试样品糖耐量指标结果阳性。
| (mmol/l) | 0h血糖 | 0.5h血糖 | 2h血糖 | 血糖曲线下面积 |
| 空白对照组 | 6.32±0.81a | 7.22±1.25a | 4.07±0.8a | 11.85±1.53a |
| 模型对照组 | 11.22±8.03a | 17.51±7.74b | 18±9.59b | 33.81±15.92b |
| 受试样品组 | 6.73±3.07a | 11.97±3.91c | 11.37±7.35c | 21.29±8.78c |
根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)对辅助降血糖保健食品的判定标准可知，糖耐量指标呈阳性，且对正常动物空腹血糖无影响，可判定本发明案例一代餐粉按照每日推荐量30g摄入时辅助降血糖功能动物试验结果阳性。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉，其特征在于：所述代餐粉按照质量比的原料组成为：葡萄皮籽提取物20％-70％，玉米10％-20％，大麦4％-6％，花生10％-15％，黄豆4％-6％，黑豆2％-5％，南瓜2％-5％，猕猴桃1％-3％，桑葚3％-5％，红枣4％-5％，山药1％-2％，魔芋5％-10％，低聚果糖10％-15％，麦芽糊精10％-15％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降血脂降血糖功效的代餐粉，其特征在于：所述代餐粉中具有降血脂降血糖功效的成分是葡萄籽提取物。
3.根据权利要求1、2所述的一种具有降血糖降血糖功效的代餐粉，其特征在于：所述葡萄籽提取物中有效成分为原花青素。
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| CN110179076A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-30 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | 具有润肠通便、降血脂功能的毛木耳代餐粉 |
| CN111869821A (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 廊坊师范学院 | 一种葡萄籽复配营养代餐粉及其制备方法 |
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| CN107173694A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-19 | 中国农业大学 | 一种营养全面平衡的全素食代餐粉配方 |
| CN107495355A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏苏中健康产业有限公司 | 一种纤维型蛋白代餐粉及其制备方法 |
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| CN107173694A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-19 | 中国农业大学 | 一种营养全面平衡的全素食代餐粉配方 |
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| CN110179076A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-30 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | 具有润肠通便、降血脂功能的毛木耳代餐粉 |
| CN111869821A (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 廊坊师范学院 | 一种葡萄籽复配营养代餐粉及其制备方法 |
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