CN108882868B - 生物体信息分析装置、系统以及程序 - Google Patents
生物体信息分析装置、系统以及程序 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108882868B CN108882868B CN201780022529.5A CN201780022529A CN108882868B CN 108882868 B CN108882868 B CN 108882868B CN 201780022529 A CN201780022529 A CN 201780022529A CN 108882868 B CN108882868 B CN 108882868B
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Abstract
生物体信息分析装置具有:指标提取部,从通过佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的血压波形的传感器连续测量的血压波形的时间序列数据中,提取发生血压变动的区间的血压波形的数据,并基于该区间的血压波形的特征来提取与所述用户的呼吸系统的功能相关的指标;以及处理部,进行基于提取出的所述指标的处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从测量出的血压波形获取有用的信息的技术。
背景技术
已知用于测量桡骨动脉的内压变化并记录压力脉搏波的形状(血压波形) 的技术。专利文献1(日本特开2008-61824号公报)中公开了通过张力法来测 量血压波形,并从血压波形中获取AI(Augmentation Index:增强指数)值、 脉搏波周期、基线变动率、清晰度、ET(Ejection Time:射血时间)等信息。 此外,专利文献2(日本特表2005-532111号公报)中公开了通过手表式血压 计来测量血压波形,并根据血压波形来计算平均动脉压、平均收缩期血压、平 均舒张期血压、平均收缩期血压指数以及平均舒张期血压指数,当这些值偏离 基准值时输出警报。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-61824号公报
专利文献2:日本特表2005-532111号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
以往,为了获取与呼吸系统有关的信息,需要将流量传感器等专用的传感 器佩戴在身体上,使得对于使用者的身体及心理负担大。因此,如果能够通过 对使用者的负担小的简单的方法来获取与呼吸系统有关的信息,则非常有用。
本发明人正在致力开发能够在自由行动下准确地测量每一次心跳的血压 波形的血压测量装置。通过该开发过程中的被实验者的实验,本发明人发现能 够从在自由行动下连续测量的血压波形数据中提取各种有用的信息。例如,已 知在现有技术的血压计中仅获取与血压本身有关的信息,与此相对,若准确且 非侵入性地监视自由行动下的每一次心跳的血压波形,则除了与血压本身有关 的信息之外,还可以提取例如与呼吸系统有关的信息等。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种用于从血压波形的时间序列数据中提取与呼 吸系统相关的信息的新的技术。
解决问题的技术方案
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下构成。
本发明的生物体信息分析装置的特征在于,具有:指标提取部,从通过佩 戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的血压波形的传感器连 续测量的血压波形的时间序列数据中,提取发生血压变动的区间的血压波形的 数据,并基于该区间的血压波形的特征来提取与所述用户的呼吸系统的功能相 关的指标;以及处理部,进行基于提取出的所述指标的处理。
本发明人已知当发生呼吸暂停时收缩期血压发生短暂性的增加(血压波 动)。因此,如在本发明中,通过关注发生血压变动的区间的血压波形的特征, 能够提取与呼吸系统的功能相关的信息,诸如发生呼吸暂停。根据该构成,由 于仅通过分析血压波形的时间序列数据就能够获得与呼吸系统的功能相关的 信息,所以非常简单且有利。
然而,血压不仅因呼吸暂停而变动,还因其他各种要因而变动。因此,所 述指标提取部可以基于所述区间的血压波形的特征,来判定该区间的血压变动 是否是由于呼吸暂停引起的。由此,由于仅通过分析血压波形的时间序列数据 就能够容易地判定血压变动的要因是否是由于呼吸暂停引起的,因此很方便。 此外,通过区分由于呼吸暂停而引起的血压变动和由于其他要因而引起的血压 变动,能够高可靠性地计算与呼吸系统的功能相关的指标。
例如,所述指标提取部可以通过使用所述区间的血压波形的数据并基于心 率的增减与收缩期血压的增减之间的关系,来判定该区间的血压变动是否是由 于呼吸暂停引起的。这是因为,相对于在呼吸暂停的情况下心率和收缩期血压 一起增加,在其他要因的情况下心率和收缩期血压之中的一个增加而另一个减 少。
所述指标提取部可以使用所述区间的血压波形的数据来计算包括在该区 间的各血压波形的心率和收缩期血压,且在心率的值和收缩期血压的值都超过 规定的判定条件的血压波形的数量或比例超过规定的阈值的情况下,判定为该 区间的血压变动是由于呼吸暂停引起的。根据使用这样的判定条件和阈值的方 法,可以用简单的判定逻辑来判定血压变动的要因。
所述指标提取部可以计算由于呼吸暂停而发生血压变动的频率、由于呼吸 暂停而引起的血压变动的变动量和/或变动量的统计量等,作为与所述呼吸系 统的功能相关的指标。
所述处理部可以基于提取出的所述指标,来进行用于输出与所述用户的呼 吸系统的功能相关的信息的处理。
需要说明的是,本发明可以认为是具有上述构成或功能的至少一部分的生 物体信息分析装置或系统。此外,本发明可以被视为包括上述处理的至少一部 分的生物体信息分析方法、或者用于使计算机执行这样的方法的程序、或者非 易失性地记录这样的程序的计算机可读记录介质。只要不产生技术上的矛盾, 上述构成和处理中的每一个可以彼此组合以构成本发明。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以根据血压波形的时间序列数据来简单地估计血压波动的 要因。
附图说明
图1是表示生物体信息分析系统10的外观的概略构成的图。
图2是表示生物体信息分析系统10的硬件构成的框图。
图3是示意性地表示血压测量单元20的结构和测量时的状态的剖视图。
图4是表示由血压测量单元20测量的血压波形的图。
图5是用于说明生物体信息分析装置1的处理的框图。
图6是表示一次心跳的桡骨动脉的压力脉搏波的波形(血压波形)的图。
图7是实施例1中呼吸暂停波动的判定处理的流程图。
图8是实施例1中表示呼吸暂停波动的判定逻辑的图。
图9是实施例1中的信息输出画面的例子。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图并说明本发明的优选实施方式。需要说明的是,以下记载 的每个构成的说明应根据应用本发明的装置的构成和各种条件适当地改变,并 不旨在将本发明的范围限制为以下的记载中。
<生物体信息分析系统>
图1是表示本发明的一实施方式的生物体信息分析系统10的外观的概略 构成的图。图1是表示将生物体信息分析系统10佩戴在左手腕上的状态。生 物体信息分析系统10包括主体部11和固定在主体部11上的带12。生物体信 息分析系统10是所谓的可佩戴式装置,以主体部11与手腕内侧的皮肤接触且 将主体部11配置在存在于皮下的桡骨动脉TD上的方式佩戴。需要说明的是, 在本实施方式中,构成为将装置佩戴在桡骨动脉TD上,但也可以构成为佩戴 在其他的浅动脉上。
图2是表示生物体信息分析系统10的硬件构成的框图。生物体信息分析 系统10大致具有测量单元2和生物体信息分析装置1。测量单元2是通过测 量而获得用于分析生物体信息的信息的装置,并包括血压测量单元20、身体 移动测量单元21和环境测量单元22。然而,测量单元2的构成不限于图2中 所示的构成。例如,可以添加用于测量血压和身体移动以外的生物体信息(体 温、血糖、脑波等)的单元。或者,由于在后述的实施例中不使用的单元不是 必要的构成,因此可以不搭载于生物体信息分析系统10中。生物体信息分析 装置1是基于从测量单元2获得的信息来进行生物体信息的分析的装置,包括 控制单元23、输入单元24、输出单元25、通信单元26和存储单元27。各单 元20~27相互连接,以能够通过本地总线或其他信号线交换信号。此外,生 物体信息分析系统10具有未示出的电源(电池)。
血压测量单元20是通过张力法来测量桡骨动脉TD的压力脉搏波的单元。 张力法是用适当的压力从皮肤的上方按压动脉以在动脉TD上形成扁平部分, 使动脉内压和外压之间达到平衡,从而通过压力传感器非侵入性地测量压力脉 搏波的方法。
身体移动测量单元21包括三轴加速度传感器,是通过该传感器来测量用 户身体的移动(身体移动)的单元。身体移动测量单元21可包括用于将该三 轴加速度传感器的输出转换为供控制单元23可读取的格式的电路。
环境测量单元22是用于测量影响用户的身心状态(尤其是血压)的环境 信息的单元。环境测量单元22例如可以包括气温传感器、湿度传感器、照度 传感器、高度传感器、位置传感器等。环境测量单元22可以包括用于将这些 传感器等的输出转换为供控制单元23可读取的格式的电路。
控制单元23是负责各种处理的单元,如控制生物体信息分析系统10的各 个部分、从测量单元2取得数据、将取得的数据存储在存储单元27、数据的 处理/分析、数据的输入和输出等。控制单元23包括硬件处理器(以下称为 CPU)、ROM(Read Only Memory:只读存储器)、RAM(Random Access Memory: 随机存取存储器)等。后述的控制单元23的处理通过CPU读取存储在ROM 或存储单元27中的程序来实现。当控制单元23进行各种处理时,RAM用作工作存储器。需要说明的是,在本实施方式中,构成为由控制单元23来执行 从测量单元2取得数据以及将数据存储到存储单元27,但也可以构成为直接 将数据从测量单元2存储(写入)到存储单元27。
实施方式的各构成要素,例如,测量单元、指标提取部、处理部、判断部、 风险数据库、输入单元、输出单元以及病例数据库等可以在生物体信息分析系 统10中以硬件的形式安装。指标提取部、处理部以及判断部可以接收存储在 存储单元27中的可执行程序来执行。指标提取部、处理部以及判断部可以根 据需要从血压测量单元20、身体移动测量单元21、环境测量单元22、输入单 元24、输出单元25、通信单元26、存储单元27等接收数据。风险数据库和 病例数据库等数据库可以安装在存储单元27等,存储被整理为能够容易地检 索和累积数据的信息。在此,例如,在日本特愿2016-082069号中公开了生物 体信息分析系统10的结构和动作等。该内容通过引用并入本说明书。此外, 在日本特开2016-087003号公报中公开了血压测量单元的结构和动作等。该内 容通过引用并入本说明书。
输入单元24是用于向用户提供操作界面的单元。例如,可以使用操作按 钮、开关、触摸面板等。
输出单元25是用于向用户提供进行信息输出的界面的单元。例如,可以 使用通过图像来输出信息的显示装置(液晶显示器等)、通过声音来输出信息 的声音输出装置或蜂鸣器、通过光的闪烁来输出信息的LED、通过振动来输 出信息的振动装置等。
通信单元26是与其他装置之间进行数据通信的单元。作为数据通信方法 可以是诸如无线LAN、Bluetooth(注册商标)等任何方法。
存储单元27是能够存储和读取数据的存储介质,用于存储在控制单元23 中执行的程序、从各测量单元获得的测量数据、通过处理测量数据而获得的各 种数据等。存储单元27是通过电、磁、光、机械或化学作用而累积成为存储 对象的信息的介质。例如,使用闪存。存储单元27可以是诸如存储卡等便携 式的单元,也可以内置在生物体信息分析系统10中。
身体移动测量单元21、环境测量单元22、控制单元23、输入单元24、输 出单元25、存储单元27中的一部分或全部可以由与主体部11不同的装置构 成。即,只要是内置血压测量单元20和进行其控制的电路的主体部11能够佩 戴在手腕上的方式,则可以自由地设计除此以外的单元的结构。在这种情况下, 主体部11通过通信单元26与另一个单元协作。例如,考虑通过智能手机的应 用来构成控制单元23、输入单元24、输出单元25的功能,或者从具有身体移 动测量单元21和环境测量单元22的功能的活动计量器获取需要的数据等各种构成。此外,可以设置用于测量血压之外的生物体信息的传感器。例如,可以 组合睡眠传感器、血糖值传感器等。
需要说明的是,在本实施方式中,将测量血压的传感器(血压测量单元 20)和进行血压波形数据的分析处理的构成(控制单元23等)设置在一个装 置内,但是也可以将它们单独配置。在本实施方式中,将进行生物体信息的分 析处理的构成(控制单元23等)称为生物体信息分析装置,将由测量单元和 生物体信息分析装置的组合构成的装置称为生物体信息分析系统。然而,名称 是为了便利,可以将测量单元和进行生物体信息的分析处理的构成的全部称为 生物体信息分析装置,或者可以使用其他名称。
<血压波形的测量>
图3是示意性地表示血压测量单元20的结构和测量时的状态的剖视图。 血压测量单元20包括压力传感器30和用于对手腕按压压力传感器30的按压 机构31。压力传感器30具有多个压力检测元件300。压力检测元件300是用 于检测压力并将其转换为电信号的压电元件,例如,可以优选使用利用压阻效 应的元件等。按压机构31例如由气袋和用于调节该气袋内压的泵构成。当控 制单元23控制泵以增加气袋的内压时,压力传感器30由于气袋的膨胀而按压 在皮肤表面上。需要说明的是,按压机构31可以是可调节压力传感器30对皮肤表面的按压力的任何机构,并不限于使用气袋。
当生物体信息分析系统10佩戴在手腕并启动时,控制单元23控制血压测 量单元20的按压机构31,将压力传感器30的按压力保持在适当地状态(张 力状态)。然后,由压力传感器30检测的压力信号依次被控制单元23取得。 通过公知技术的A/D转换电路等对压力检测元件300输出的模拟物理量(例 如,电压值)进行数字化,从而生成由压力传感器30获得的压力信号。该模 拟物理量可以根据压力检测元件300的种类,采用电流值或电阻值等适当的模 拟值。该A/D转换等信号处理可以通过在血压测量单元20中设置规定的电路 来进行,也可以通过在血压测量单元20和控制单元23之间设置的其他单元(未 示出)来进行。被控制单元23取得的该压力信号相当于桡骨动脉TD的内压 的瞬时值。因此,通过可以掌握一次心跳的血压波形的时间粒度和连续性地取 得压力信号,能够获取血压波形的时间序列数据。控制单元23将通过压力传 感器30依次取得的压力信号与其测量时刻的信息一起存储到存储单元27中。 控制单元23可以将取得的压力信号直接存储到存储单元27中,也可以在对该 压力信号执行需要的信号处理之后存储到存储单元27中。需要的信息处理例 如可以包括校准压力信号以使压力信号的振幅与血压值(例如,上臂血压)一 致的处理、减少或去除压力信号的噪声的处理等。
图4表示由血压测量单元20测量的血压波形。横轴是时间,纵轴是血压。 可以任意设定采样频率,但为了再现一次心跳波形的形状特征,优选设定为 100Hz以上。由于一次心跳的周期大约为1秒,因此对一次心跳的波形获取大 约100个以上的数据点。
本实施方式的血压测量单元20具有以下优点。
能够测量每一次心跳的血压波形。由此,例如,可以基于血压波形的形状 特征,获得与血压或心脏状态、心血管风险等相关的各种指标。此外,由于能 够监测血压的瞬时值,因此可以立即检测血压波动(血压值的迅速上升),或 者即使是在仅极短时间(一到几次心跳)内出现的血压变动和血压波形的干扰 也能够无遗漏地进行检测。
需要说明的是,作为便携式血压计,实际使用的有佩戴在手腕或上臂并通 过示波法测量血压的类型的血压计。然而,在现有技术的便携式血压计中,只 能根据几秒到十几秒之间的多次心跳的袖带内压的变动来测量血压的平均值, 不能像本实施方式的血压测量单元20那样,获得每一次心跳的血压波形的时 间序列数据。
可以记录血压波形的时间序列数据。通过获取血压波形的时间序列数据, 例如,能够通过掌握关于血压波形的时间变化的特征,或者通过对时间序列数 据进行频率分析以提取特定的频率分量,从而获得与血压或心脏状态、心血管 风险等相关的各种指标。
由于是便携式(可佩戴型)的装置结构,所以对用户的测量负担小,并对 于长时间连续测量、进一步对于24小时的血压监测等也相对容易。此外,由 于是便携式,因此不仅可以测量静止时的血压,还可以测量自由行动下(例如, 日常生活或运动中)的血压变化。由此,例如,可以掌握日常生活中的行动(睡 眠、进餐、通勤、工作、服药等)或运动对血压产生的影响。
传统产品是将手臂和手腕相对于血压测量单元固定,在静止状态下测量的 类型的装置,不能像本实施方式的生物体信息分析系统10那样测量在日常生 活或运动中的血压变化。
易于与其他传感器进行组合或协作。例如,可以进行评估和综合评估与通 过其他传感器获得的信息(身体移动、气温等环境信息、SpO2和呼吸等其他 生物体信息等)的因果关系。
<生物体信息分析装置>
图5是用于说明生物体信息分析装置1的处理的框图。如图5所示,生物 体信息分析装置1具有指标提取部50和处理部51。在本实施方式中,可以通 过由控制单元23执行需要的程序来实现指标提取部50和处理部51的处理。 该程序可以存储在存储单元27中。当控制单元23执行需要的程序时,将存储 在ROM或存储单元中的成为对象的程序在RAM中展开。然后,控制单元23 通过CPU解释并执行在RAM中展开的该程序,从而控制各构成要素。需要说明的是,指标提取部50和处理部51中的一部分或全部处理可以由ASIC或 FPGA等电路构成。或者,指标提取部50和处理部51中的一部分或全部处理 可以通过与主体部11分开的计算机(例如,智能手机、平板终端、个人计算 机、云服务等)来实现。
指标提取部50从存储单元27获取通过血压测量单元20连续测量的血压 波形的时间序列数据。指标提取部50从获取的血压波形的时间序列数据中提 取与血压波形特征相关的指标。在此,血压波形的特征包括一次心跳的血压波 形的形状特征、血压波形的时间变化、血压波形的频率分量等。然而,血压波 形的特征不限于此。提取的指标向处理部51输出。存在各种血压波形的特征
当获取指标时,指标提取部50除了使用血压波形的测量数据之外,还可 以使用身体移动测量单元21的测量数据和/或环境测量单元22的测量数据。 此外,尽管未示出,但也可以组合睡眠传感器、血糖值传感器等的测量数据。 通过综合分析由多种传感器获得的多种测量数据,可以进行血压波形的更复杂 的信息分析。可以针对用户的每个状态对血压波形数据进行分类,例如在静止 时和动作时、气温高时和低时、睡眠浅时和深时。或者,还可以评估每个测量 数据的因果关系和相关等,如提取身体移动、活动量和活动强度、气温变化等 对血压产生的影响等。
处理部51接收由指标提取部50提取的指标。处理部51进行基于接收的 指标的处理。基于指标的处理中可以设想各种处理。例如,可以向用户和医生、 保健师等提示所提取的指标的值和变化等,并鼓励在健康管理、治疗、保健指 导等中使用。或者,可以根据提取的指标来推测心血管风险,或提示用于保持 健康或改善风险的指南。另外,当基于指标检测或预测到心血管风险的增加时, 可以通知用户或主治医生等,或者进行用于阻止对用户的心脏等成为负担的行 动或发生心血管事件的控制。
<从血压波形获取的信息>
图6示出一次心跳的桡骨动脉的压力脉搏波的波形(血压波形)。横轴是 时间t[msec],纵轴是血压BP[mmHg]。
血压波形是心脏收缩并送出血液时产生的“前向波”和前向波在末梢血管 和动脉的分支部反射时产生的“反射波”的合成波。以下,示出从一次心跳的 血压波形可提取的特征点的一个例子。
·点F1是压力脉搏波的上升点。点F1对应于心脏射血的起始点,即主动 脉瓣的开放点。
·点F2是前向波的振幅(压力)最大的点(第一峰值)。
·点F3是在前向波下降的途中由于反射波的重叠而出现的拐点。
·点F4是在前向波和反射波之间出现的极小点,也称为陷波。这对应于 主动脉瓣的闭合点。
·点F5是点F4之后出现的反射波的峰值(第二峰值)。
·点F6是一次心跳的终点,对应于下一次心跳的射血起始点,即下一次 心跳的起始点。
指标提取部50可以使用任何算法来检测上述特征点。例如,指标提取部 50可以通过计算得出血压波形的n阶微分波形,检测其零交叉点来提取血压 波形的特征点(拐点)(对于点F1、F2、F4、F5、F6可以从一阶微分波形检 测出,对于点F3可以从二阶微分波形或四阶微分波形检测出)。或者,指标 提取部50可以从存储单元27中读取预先配置有特征点的波形图案,并通过与 将该波形图案作为对象的血压波形拟合来确定各特征点的位置。
基于上述特征点F1~F6的时刻t和压力BP,指标提取部50可以从一次 心跳的血压波形中计算得出各种信息(值、特征量、指标等)。以下,例示出 从血压波形可获取的信息中代表性的信息。需要说明的是,tx和BPx分别表 示特征点Fx的时刻和血压。
·脉搏波间隔(心跳周期)TA=t6-t1
·心率PR=1/TA
·脉搏波上升时间UT=t2-t1
·收缩期TS=t4-t1
·舒张期TD=t6-t4
·反射波延迟时间=t3-t1
·最高血压(收缩期血压)SBP=BP2
·最低血压(舒张期血压)DBP=BP1
·平均血压MAP=t1~t6的血压波形的面积/心跳周期TA
·收缩期的平均血压=t1~t4的血压波形的面积/收缩期TS
·舒张期的平均血压=t4~t6的血压波形的面积/舒张期TD
·脉压PP=最高血压SBP-最低血压DBP
·收缩后期压SBP2=BP3
·AI(Augmentation Index:增强指数)=(收缩后期压SBP2-最低血压DBP)/ 脉压PP
这些信息(值、特征量、指标)的基本统计量也可以用作指标。基本统计 量例如包括代表值(平均值、中间值、最频值、最大值、最小值等)、分散度 (方差、标准偏差、变动系数等)。此外,这些信息(值、特征值、指标)的 时间变化也可用作指标。
此外,指标提取部50可以通过计算多个心跳信息来获得BRS(血压调节 能力)的指标。这是表示将血压调节为恒定的能力的指标。计算方法例如有 Spontaneous sequence(自发序列)法等。该方法为仅提取连续三次心跳以上最 高血压SBP和脉搏波间隔TA同步上升或下降的序列,将最高血压SBP和脉 搏波间隔TA在二维平面上绘图,并将通过最小二乘法得出回归直线时的斜率 定义为BRS。
如上所述,使用本实施方式的生物体信息分析系统10,可以从血压波形 的数据获取各种信息。需要说明的是,不需要在生物体信息分析系统10中安 装用于获取上述的全部信息的功能。根据生物体信息分析系统10的构成、使 用者、使用目的、使用地点等,仅安装用于获取需要的信息的功能即可。此外, 可以作为程序模块(应用软件)提供各功能,通过在生物体信息分析系统10 中安装需要的程序模块来进行功能添加。
以下,将例示性地说明作为生物体信息分析系统10的具体应用的实施例。
<实施例1>
本实施例是当检测到血压波动时基于血压波形的数据来判定该血压波动 是否是由于呼吸暂停引起的例子。具体地,通过血压波形的时间序列数据来监 测收缩期血压的变动,从而检测呼吸暂停的发生。
本实施例中,在从血压波形可获取的信息之中使用收缩期血压(SBP)和 心率(PR)这两个信息。计算收缩期血压(SBP)和心率(PR)的方法如图6 所述,可以从血压波形的数据获取每个心跳的收缩期血压(SBP)和心率(PR) 的信息。
在正常呼吸的血压变动的情况下,呼气时(吐气时)收缩期血压上升,但 相反心率减少。另一方面,在睡眠时呼吸暂停的血压变动的情况下,由于交感 神经的亢进等,睡眠时呼吸暂停结束(觉醒反应)的同时收缩期血压和心率都急 剧上升。因此,可以基于心率的增减与收缩期血压的增减之间的关系,来判别 血压变动是由于睡眠时呼吸暂停还是由于正常呼吸引起的。以下,将睡眠时呼 吸暂停的血压波动称为“呼吸暂停波动”。
图7是表示本实施例的处理的流程图的一个例子。首先,指标提取部50 从存储单元27中读取血压波形的数据(步骤4300)。例如,读取一晚的时间 序列数据。指标提取部50根据血压波形的时间序列数据来检测血压波动的发 生区间,提取该发生区间的血压波形的数据(步骤4301)。例如,指标提取 部50在每十次心跳的区间评估收缩期血压的变动,当识别出比区间的最初的 收缩期血压增加了10mmHg以上时,可以将该区间作为血压波动的发生区间 来检测。
然后,指标提取部50对在步骤4301中提取的每个发生区间,评估心率的 增减和收缩期血压的增减的关系,判定是否是呼吸暂停波动(步骤4302)。 图8示出了该判定逻辑。图8的图表中横轴是心率(PR),纵轴是收缩期血 压(SBP),PRm是基准心率,SBPm是基准收缩期血压。例如,可以将波动 发生区间前一分钟的代表值(中央値、平均值、最频值等)设定为PRm、SBPm。 PRm和SBPm的值预先存储在存储单元27中,指标提取部50可以从存储单 元27中读取PRm和SBPm的值并使用。
图8的图表中用虚线绘制的曲线是以PRm和SBPm的位置为基准而设定 的判定条件。本实施例的指标提取部50使用分别与PRm和SBPm渐进的反比 例的曲线(直角双曲线)作为判定条件的边界。判定条件的参数(反比例的比 例常数等)例如可以基于医疗机制来确定,也可以通过使用样本数据的机器学 习来确定。在后一个方法的情况下,可以采用如下顺序:(1)收集血压波动 的样本数据,基于医生等对各样本数据的综合判断来标记是否是呼吸暂停波 动;(2)使用决策树、逻辑回归和判别分析、SVM、神经网络等,从标记的 数据中机器学习判定条件。需要说明的是,在本实施例中,判定条件的边界由 反比例的曲线表示,但判定条件的边界可以是其他曲线,也可以是直线,还可 以是不连续的边界。
当波动发生区间的十次心跳的数据绘制于图8的图表中时,在呼吸暂停波 动的情况下,比判定条件靠右上方绘制的数据点数多,另一方面,在正常呼吸 的血压变动的情况下,比判定条件靠左下方绘制的数据点数多。因此,例如, 指标提取部50计算十次心跳的各个数据在图表上的坐标值,判断各个坐标值 是位于判定条件的右上方的区域还是位于判定条件的左下方的区域,计算位于 判定条件的右上方的区域的数据的数量或比例。然后,指标提取部50根据位 于判定条件的右上方的区域的数据的数量或比例是否超过阈值,判定该发生区 间的血压波动是由于呼吸暂停而引起的波动还是由于其他要因而引起的波动。 步骤4302的判定处理对在步骤4301中检测出的所有波动发生区间进行(步骤 4303、4304)。
然后,指标提取部50计算呼吸暂停波动的发生频率和变动量(步骤4305)。 发生频率是每规定时间段(例如,一天)中血压波动的次数,变动量是基准值 SBPm和血压波动内的最大SBP之差。该呼吸暂停波动的发生频率和变动量可 以用作与呼吸系统的功能相关的指标或者表示呼吸系统的事件发生风险的指 标。处理部51向输出单元25提示在步骤4305中获得的呼吸暂停波动的发生 频率和变动量等信息、与呼吸系统的功能相关的信息(步骤4306)。例如, 在呼吸暂停波动的发生频率和/或变动量大于阈值时,处理部51可以向用户通 知警告。
图9是向输出单元25输出的信息输出画面的一个例子。图9的例子中,关 于由呼吸暂停引起的血压波动,分别显示有每一天的发生频率以及血压波动的 变动量的统计(最大值、平均值、偏差等),关于由呼吸暂停之外的要因引起 的血压波动,分别显示有每一天的发生频率以及血压波动的变动量的统计。此 外,还显示与发生频率和变动量相对应的消息(例如,当发生很多呼吸暂停时 的警告等)。
根据上述的构成,仅通过分析血压波形的时间序列数据,就可以判定血压 变动的要因是否是由于呼吸暂停引起的,可以将血压波形的分析结果用于呼吸 系统的状态评估和呼吸系统的风险评估等。此外,如果在用药前后比较呼吸暂 停波动的发生频率和变动量,则可以定量评估用药效果。
需要说明的是,上述实施方式和实施例的构成仅是本发明的一个具体示 例,并不意图限制本发明的范围。在不脱离其技术思想的范围内,本发明可以 采用各种具体构成。
本说明书中公开的技术思想也可以作为以下发明来确定。
(附录1)
一种生物体信息分析装置,其特征在于,
具有硬件处理器和存储程序的存储器,
所述硬件处理器通过所述程序,
从通过佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的血压波 形的传感器连续测量的血压波形的时间序列数据中,提取发生血压变动的区间 的血压波形的数据,并基于该区间的血压波形的特征来提取与所述用户的呼吸 系统的功能相关的指标,
进行基于提取出的所述指标的处理。
(附录2)
一种生物体信息分析系统,其特征在于,
具有:传感器,佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的 血压波形;硬件处理器;以及存储程序的存储器,
所述硬件处理器通过所述程序,
从通过佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的血压波 形的传感器连续测量的血压波形的时间序列数据中,提取发生血压变动的区间 的血压波形的数据,并基于该区间的血压波形的特征来提取与所述用户的呼吸 系统的功能相关的指标,
进行基于提取出的所述指标的处理。
(附录3)
一种生物体信息分析方法,其特征在于,包括:
至少通过一个硬件处理器,从通过佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地 测量每一次心跳的血压波形的传感器连续测量的血压波形的时间序列数据中, 提取发生血压变动的区间的血压波形的数据的步骤;
至少通过一个硬件处理器,基于该区间的血压波形的特征来提取与所述用 户的呼吸系统的功能相关的指标的步骤;以及
至少通过一个硬件处理器,进行基于提取出的所述指标的处理的步骤;
附图标记说明
1:生物体信息分析装置、2:测量单元
10:生物体信息分析系统、11:主体部、12:带
20:血压测量单元、21:身体移动测量单元、22:环境测量单元、23:控 制单元、24:输入单元、25:输出单元、26:通信单元、27:存储单元
30:压力传感器、31:按压机构、300:压力检测元件
50:指标提取部、51:处理部
Claims (6)
1.一种生物体信息分析装置,其特征在于,具有:
指标提取部,从通过佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的血压波形的传感器连续测量的血压波形的时间序列数据中,提取发生血压变动的区间的血压波形的数据,并基于该区间的血压波形的特征来提取与所述用户的呼吸系统的功能相关的指标;以及
处理部,进行基于提取出的所述指标的处理,
所述指标提取部使用所述区间的血压波形的数据来计算包括在该区间的各血压波形的心率和收缩期血压,且在心率的值和收缩期血压的值都超过规定的判定条件的血压波形的数量或比例超过规定的阈值的情况下,判定为该区间的血压变动是由于呼吸暂停引起的,
所述规定的判定条件使用表示收缩期血压相对于心率的图中分别与基准心率和基准收缩期血压渐进的反比例的曲线作为边界。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物体信息分析装置,其特征在于,
所述指标提取部计算由于呼吸暂停而发生血压变动的频率,作为与所述呼吸系统的功能相关的指标。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物体信息分析装置,其特征在于,
所述指标提取部计算由于呼吸暂停而引起的血压变动的变动量和/或变动量的统计量,作为与所述呼吸系统的功能相关的指标。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物体信息分析装置,其特征在于,
所述处理部基于提取出的所述指标,来进行用于输出与所述用户的呼吸系统的功能相关的信息的处理。
5.一种生物体信息分析系统,其特征在于,具有:
传感器,佩戴在用户的身体上并能够非侵入性地测量每一次心跳的血压波形;以及
权利要求1~4中任一项所述的生物体信息分析装置,使用通过所述传感器连续测量的血压波形的数据来进行生物体信息的分析。
6.一种计算机可读取的存储介质,存储了程序,其特征在于,
该程序使处理器作为权利要求1~4中任一项所述的生物体信息分析装置的所述指标提取部和所述处理部发挥作用。
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