CN108651254A - A kind of efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form - Google Patents
A kind of efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651254A CN108651254A CN201810475583.1A CN201810475583A CN108651254A CN 108651254 A CN108651254 A CN 108651254A CN 201810475583 A CN201810475583 A CN 201810475583A CN 108651254 A CN108651254 A CN 108651254A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
A kind of efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form, the present invention relates to a kind of edible, Ferns Medicinal seedling from spore method, it is in order to solve the problems, such as that plant division osmund spore germination rate in Asia is low, reproduction speed is slow.Method for culturing seedlings:One, Asia plant division osmund spore is broadcast on spore to matrix;Two, it is 25 DEG C~30 DEG C that seedling growth greenhouse day temperature is kept from sprouting to original foliage mid-term stage, and soil moisture content is 60%~80%, 90%~100% or more air humidity;Three, 16 days~30 days after spore germination, start spraying and drench, when 30%~35% prothallus development is at sporinite seedling, starts temperature control wet down, hang sunshade net outside seedling growth greenhouse, aeration-cooling, sporinite seedling is transplanted when growing three pieces leaf;Four, it is cultivated using outdoor bed.The characteristics of present invention each according to spore development stage and physiological requirements establish a kind of efficient seedling from spore method, can promote sporogenesis fern seedling, shorten growing-seedling period.
Description
Technical field
It is according to spore development not same order the present invention relates to a kind of edible, Ferns Medicinal seedling from spore method
The high efficiency seedling cultivating method that Duan Tedian is formulated.
Background technology
Plant division osmund (scientific name:Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda cinnamomea), it is under Polypodiales Osmunda
Terrestrial plant.Asia plant division osmund (Osmunda cinnamomea L.var.asiatica Fernald in Rhodora)
It is a mutation for plant division osmund, is distributed mainly on Jilin Province, China, Heilungkiang, western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan Province.Asia plant division
The young stem and leaf part edible of osmund, it is full of nutrition, and can all herbal medicine, have clearing heat and detoxicating, hemostasis diuresis and promoting blood circulation flat
Stomach and other effects, therefore Asia plant division osmund is a kind of pteridophyte with higher edible value and medicinal function.In natural item
Under part, plant division osmund spore germination rate in Asia is low, reproduction speed is slow, and due to people's exhaustive exploitation in recent years, wild money
Source increasingly depleted.
Invention content
The problem that the purpose of the present invention is to solve Asia plant division osmund spore germination rates is low, reproduction speed is slow, and carry
For a kind of efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form.
The efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form of the present invention follows these steps to realize:
One, Conidia preservation and the spore stage is broadcast:Within being preserved 1 year using -20 DEG C or 20 DEG C of Asia plant division preserved in 3 weeks are purple
Beanstalk spore is broadcast on spore to matrix, is broadcast spore mode and is liquid spraying seed or broadcasts sowing that it is 0.5~1g/m that spore amount is broadcast in control2;
Two, spore germination is to original foliage mid-term stage:12 days~15 days after spore germination, in spore development to original foliage
Phase, it is 25 DEG C~30 DEG C that seedling growth greenhouse day temperature is kept from sprouting to original foliage mid-term stage, and nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C~18 DEG C,
Soil moisture content is 60%~80%, 90%~100% or more air humidity, nursery to original foliage mid-term;
Three, the original foliage middle and later periods is to sporinite formation stages:16 days~30 days after spore germination, when original foliage blade expands
At two panels leaflet (and when no longer growing), starts spraying and drench, original foliage surface is kept to have droplet, spray 2~3 times daily, soil
Earth water content 40%~60%, air humidity reaches 85%~90%, when 30%~35% prothallus development is at sporinite seedling
When, start temperature control wet down, the sunshade net sunshade of light transmittance 70% is hung outside seedling growth greenhouse, it is aeration-cooling, control daytime in seedling growth greenhouse
20 DEG C~25 DEG C of temperature makes soil moisture be maintained at 40%~45%, air humidity 75%~85%, when sporinite is formed, spore
Daughter seedling grows three pieces leaf, and leaf is transplanted when growing 4~6cm;
Four, the sporinite strong seedling cultivation stage:Seedling separation management is carried out to sporinite seedling, is cultivated using outdoor bed, base
Matter is the composite soil of turfy soil and forest humus, applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000~3000kg per acre, while increasing bio-fertilizer 30
~50kg completes the efficient seedling from spore of Asia plant division osmund four-part form.
The efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form of the present invention is according to Asia plant division osmund spore
The characteristics of developing each stage and physiological requirements establish a kind of efficient seedling from spore method, can promote Asia plant division osmund spore
Son forms fern seedling, shortens the growing-seedling period of Asia plant division osmund spore, and the seedling from spore period of the invention is 1~2 month, to expand
The stock number of big Asia plant division osmund provides novel technical method.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is different substrates processing Asia plant division osmund Seedling Height figure of changing in embodiment, wherein ◆ represent grass
Charcoal soil, ■ represent forest humus, ▲ turfy soil+forest humus is represented, × represent forest humus+garden loam;
Fig. 2 is different substrates processing Asia plant division osmund seedling crown area figure of changing in embodiment, wherein ◆ generation
Table turfy soil, ■ represent forest humus, ▲ turfy soil+forest humus is represented, × represent forest humus+garden loam.
Specific implementation method
Specific implementation mode one:The efficient seedling from spore method of present embodiment Asia plant division osmund four-part form follows these steps
Implement:
One, Conidia preservation and the spore stage is broadcast:Within being preserved 1 year using -20 DEG C or 20 DEG C of Asia plant division preserved in 3 weeks are purple
Beanstalk spore is broadcast on spore to matrix, is broadcast spore mode and is liquid spraying seed or broadcasts sowing that it is 0.5~1g/m that spore amount is broadcast in control2;
Two, spore germination is to original foliage mid-term stage:12 days~15 days after spore germination, in spore development to original foliage
Phase, it is 25 DEG C~30 DEG C that seedling growth greenhouse day temperature is kept from sprouting to original foliage mid-term stage, and nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C~18 DEG C,
Soil moisture content is 60%~80%, 90%~100% or more air humidity, nursery to original foliage mid-term;
Three, the original foliage middle and later periods is to sporinite formation stages:16 days~30 days after spore germination, when original foliage blade expands
At two panels leaflet (and when no longer growing), starts spraying and drench, original foliage surface is kept to have droplet, spray 2~3 times daily, soil
Earth water content 40%~60%, air humidity reaches 85%~90%, when 30%~35% prothallus development is at sporinite seedling
When, start temperature control wet down, the sunshade net sunshade of light transmittance 70% is hung outside seedling growth greenhouse, it is aeration-cooling, control daytime in seedling growth greenhouse
20 DEG C~25 DEG C of temperature makes soil moisture be maintained at 40%~45%, air humidity 75%~85%, when sporinite is formed, spore
Daughter seedling grows three pieces leaf, and leaf is transplanted when growing 4~6cm;
Four, the sporinite strong seedling cultivation stage:Seedling separation management is carried out to sporinite seedling, is cultivated using outdoor bed, base
Matter is the composite soil of turfy soil and forest humus, applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000~3000kg per acre, while increasing bio-fertilizer 30
~50kg completes the efficient seedling from spore of Asia plant division osmund four-part form.
Specific implementation mode two:The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it is 4 to broadcast spore period in step 1
The middle of the month or mid or late August.
Specific implementation mode three:The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that broadcasting the base of spore in step 1
Matter is forest humus.
Specific implementation mode four:Spore is broadcast in step 1 unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to three
Mode is liquid spraying seed, and liquid spraying seed is that plant division osmund spore in Asia is packed into sprayer, and water and carboxymethyl cellulose is added,
A concentration of 2g/L of carboxymethyl cellulose, solution are puddled uniformly, and seedbed is sprayed to.
Specific implementation mode five:Spore is broadcast in step 1 unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to four
Mode is to broadcast sowing, and it is to wrap up in Asia plant division osmund spore to be placed on 7~8 layers of (medical) gauze to broadcast sowing, and spore is broadcast in uniformly shake.
Specific implementation mode six:Work as hair in step 3 unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to five
When existing weed germination, the part on weeds soil face is extractd by hand.
Present embodiment not root out weeds in case destroy bed surface matrix.
Specific implementation mode seven:Step 4 is to spore unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to six
Body seedling is transplanted, and transplanting medium is turfy soil and forest humus mass ratio is 1:1~1:2 composite soil.
Specific implementation mode eight:Present embodiment and transplanting medium unlike specific implementation mode seven be turfy soil with it is gloomy
Woods fertile soil mass ratio is 1:1 composite soil.
Specific implementation mode nine:Step 4 transplanting unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to eight
Outdoor bed selection drains convenient, leeward plot on the sunny side, after ploughing, makes wide 100cm, the transplanting seedbed of high 10cm, bed surface
It is smooth.
Specific implementation mode ten:Step 4 is using micro- unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to nine
Spirt row is sprayed.
Embodiment:The efficient seedling from spore method of the present embodiment Asia plant division osmund four-part form follows these steps to implement:
One, Conidia preservation and the spore stage is broadcast:Mid or late May Xiaoxing'an Mountains acquire Asia plant division osmund spore
Son, when sporangium is big, in it is faint yellow when acquisition breeding petiole, be put into paper bag and spontaneously dry at room temperature, wait for dark green spore two days later
Son falls off, and crosses 200 mesh stainless steel mesh impurity eliminations, and refrigeration was no more than 1 year under the conditions of being placed in -20 DEG C;
Seedling growth greenhouse is built, stroma of spore is packed into seedlings nursing plate, thickness 3.0cm is watered with bottom water and flattens, and mid or late April will be sub-
Plant division osmund spore in continent is broadcast on spore to stroma of spore, and it is liquid spraying seed to broadcast spore mode, and plant division osmund spore in Asia is packed into and is sprayed
In device, the carboxymethyl cellulose of water and (commercially available) is added, a concentration of 2g/L of carboxymethyl cellulose is sprayed to seedbed, and control is broadcast
Spore amount is 1g/m2, it is not necessarily to earthing after broadcasting spore, arch button Small plastic shed is set up on seedbed, arched shed overlying polyethylene ground film heats
Moisturizing;
Two, spore germination is to original foliage mid-term stage:12 days~15 days after spore germination, it is with heat and moisture preserving during this
It is main, without ventilation, closed greenhouse and canopy internal buckle Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving are taken, keeps seedling growth greenhouse day temperature at 25 DEG C, daytime
Light application time is 8h, and nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C, soil moisture content 70%, air humidity 90%, nursery to original foliage mid-term, the rank
Section is drenched without spraying;
Three, the original foliage middle and later periods is to sporinite formation stages:16 days~30 days after spore germination, when original foliage blade expands
At two panels leaflet, hut is removed, starts spraying and drenches, original foliage surface is kept to have droplet, daily spraying 3 times, soil moisture content
50%, air humidity reaches 90%, when there are about 30% prothallus developments into sporinite seedling, starts temperature control wet down, seedling growth greenhouse
The outer sunshade net sunshade for hanging light transmittance 70%, middle part canopy film are rolled aeration-cooling, control 24 DEG C of day temperature in seedling growth greenhouse, make
Soil moisture is maintained at 45%, and air humidity is 80%, and when sporinite seedling grows three pieces leaf, when leaf long 5cm is transplanted;
Four, the sporinite strong seedling cultivation stage:Seedling separation management is carried out to sporinite seedling, is cultivated using outdoor bed, is moved
It is turfy soil and forest humus 1 to plant matrix:1 composite soil, mu apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg, sulfuric acid
Potassium 6kg, outdoor bed transplanting selection drain convenient, leeward brunisolic soil plot on the sunny side, after ploughing, make wide 100cm, high 10cm
Transplanting seedbed, bed surface is smooth, is sprayed using micro- spirt row, after seedbed sprinkles profoundly water, digs vesicle by 10cm × 10cm, often cave 2~3
Seedling band soil is taken out when plant, with taking with cultivation, is sprinkled profoundly water after cultivation by strain fern seedling, detain Small plastic shed and with light transmittance for 70% screening
Screened postive is shaded.
The test data of the present embodiment is as follows:
1, influence of the different stroma of spore to the spore germination of Asia plant division osmund and development:
Using RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, 3 district's groups, forest humus, turfy soil, garden loam, turfy soil+forest humus
(1:1) 4 kinds of matrix, 3 repetitions.It is in mid-April, 2014 to broadcast the spore time, broadcasts and is observed 1 time per 3d after spore, is observed and recorded when turning green
Between, green tinged (original foliage is formed) time, sporinite maximum original foliage width when forming time and formation rate, sporinite formation.It is former
Leaf body formation initial stage starts every 10d and surveys 1 original foliage change width, and the results are shown in Table 1.
1 different substrates of table influence Asia plant division osmund spore spore germination and development condition
Garden loam handles Asia plant division osmund spore original foliage hypoevolutism, does not form sporinite.Forest humus processing
Original foliage formation rate and the equal highest of sporinite quantity.Turfy soil, turfy soil+forest humus processing original foliage formation rate and spore
Body quantity is placed in the middle.Forest humus all has a clear superiority during spore germination, original foliage growth, sporinite generate, and is
The optimum matrix of Asia plant division osmund spore generative propagation;Garden loam is not suitable for the nursery base as Asia plant division osmund spore
Matter.
2, different holding times, preserving type spore germination contrast test:
At ambient temperature, disposable plastic fast food container is to broadcast spore container, and stroma of spore is forest humus, to different preservations
The Asia plant division osmund spore progress germination test of time, different preserving types, 1 year, 4 weeks, 3 weeks holding time.Respectively cold
Freeze (20 DEG C) (- 20 DEG C), refrigeration (4 DEG C) and room temperature preservations.3 boxes of each processing, 3 repetitions are observed 1 time after broadcasting spore per 3d, note
Record turns green time, green tinged time, protonema formation ratio, and the results are shown in Table 2.Asia plant division osmund spore germination ability compared with
Weak, refrigeration, freezen protective may not exceed 1 year, and 1 year sprouting ability of freezing is most strong, and refrigeration is taken second place for 1 year, and room temperature preservation is not sprouted for 1 year
Hair, has sprouting ability within 3 weeks, therefore broadcasts spore and be advisable using the spore within refrigeration, freezing 1 year and in room temperature preservation 3 weeks.
The different holding times of table 2 and mode Asia plant division osmund spore germination ability testing result
3, spore amount comparative test is broadcast:
It is respectively 0.5g/m that Asia plant division osmund, which broadcasts spore amount,2、1g/m2、1.5g/m2.Observe and record each processing spore germination
Time, original foliage form the time, sporinite forms the time, sporinite formation rate, original foliage survey 1 original foliage per 10d after being formed
The indexs such as change width, the results are shown in Table 3, broadcasts spore amount difference and has a significant effect to the formation of Asia plant division osmund sporinite.3
The green tinged time difference unobvious of the amount of broadcasting sporinite.0.5g/m2The amount of broadcasting sporinite is most short the time required to being formed only to use 66d, 1.5g/m2
The amount of broadcasting used time up to 88d, 1g/m2Between two parties;Although the amount of broadcasting 1g/m2And 1.5g/m2It is suitable to generate sporinite quantity, but the amount of broadcasting
1g/m2Spore seedling quality is significantly better than 1.5g/m2.In conclusion the breeding of Asia plant division osmund spore is 0.5~1g/ suitable for the amount of broadcasting
m2。
The influence that the 3 difference amount of broadcasting of table forms the spore germination of Asia plant division osmund and sporinite
4, different substrates Asia plant division osmund spore seedling growth and development effect:
Matrix is using turfy soil, forest humus, turfy soil+forest humus (1:1) it is tested with garden loam.Work as spore
Start to be divided into seedlings when daughter is up to 2~3 leaf, matrix is filled to respectively in 32 hole seedling culture hole plates, when seedling separation wants to transplant in lifting, side
Watering, pours a water, is placed in greenhouse comprehensively again after having planted, greenhouse shelters the moon with sunshade net, and often watering keeps wet later
Profit.Plant height, hat width are investigated after seedling separation per 15d, is dug out when stopping growing in autumn and measures root growth state index.Experimental result
Show that matrix difference Asia plant division osmund growth and development result is also different, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, turfy soil+forest humus is
Transplanting medium, plant division osmund growth of seedling in Asia is most fast, and the Asia 45d plant division osmund plant height can reach 13.9cm after seedling separation, hat
Breadth product reaches 591.3cm2;Forest humus+garden loam is that matrix growth of seedling is most slow, and 45d fiddlehead plant heights are only 7.8cm,
Crown area is only 327cm2;Forest humus and turfy soil are that matrix growth speed is placed in the middle.As shown in Table 4, autumn Mo is grown to,
Root system is also that turfy soil+forest humus is that transplanting medium development is best, and root long reaches 12.07cm, and forms 5.6 not
Normal bud;Forest humus+garden loam is that matrix root system is most weak, and root long is only 6.3cm, forms 3.2 adventitious buds.Forest humus
Abundant rich in abundant organic matter, trace element, fertility, turf soil loosening is ventilative, water holding capacity is extremely strong, therefore Asia plant division is purple
Beanstalk strong seedling cultivation matrix uses turfy soil+forest humus (1:1) more suitable.
The growth and development effect of 4 different substrates Asia plant division osmund seedlings root of table
Claims (10)
1. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form, it is characterised in that this method is realized according to the following steps:
One, Conidia preservation and the spore stage is broadcast:Using -20 DEG C preserve 1 year within or 20 DEG C preserve 3 weeks in Asia plant division osmund spores
Son is broadcast on spore to matrix, is broadcast spore mode and is liquid spraying seed or broadcasts sowing that it is 0.5~1g/m that spore amount is broadcast in control2;
Two, spore germination is to original foliage mid-term stage:12 days~15 days after spore germination, spore development to original foliage mid-term, from
It is 25 DEG C~30 DEG C to sprout to original foliage mid-term stage holding seedling growth greenhouse day temperature, and nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C~18 DEG C, soil
Water content is 60%~80%, 90%~100% or more air humidity, nursery to original foliage mid-term;
Three, the original foliage middle and later periods is to sporinite formation stages:16 days~30 days after spore germination, when original foliage blade enlarges into two
Piece leaflet starts spraying and drenches, original foliage surface is kept to have droplet, sprays 2~3 times daily, soil moisture content 40%~60%,
Air humidity reaches 85%~90%, when 30%~35% prothallus development is at sporinite seedling, starts temperature control wet down, nursery
The sunshade net sunshade of light transmittance 70% is hung outside canopy, it is aeration-cooling, 20 DEG C~25 DEG C of day temperature in seedling growth greenhouse is controlled, soil is made
Water tariff collection is 40%~45%, and air humidity 75%~85%, when sporinite is formed, sporinite seedling grows three pieces leaf, leaf length 4
It is transplanted when~6cm;
Four, the sporinite strong seedling cultivation stage:Seedling separation management is carried out to sporinite seedling, is cultivated using outdoor bed, matrix is
The composite soil of turfy soil and forest humus applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000~3000kg per acre, at the same increase bio-fertilizer 30~
50kg completes the efficient seedling from spore of Asia plant division osmund four-part form.
2. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1
In broadcast spore period be mid-April or mid or late August.
3. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1
In broadcast spore matrix be forest humus.
4. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1
In to broadcast spore mode be liquid spraying seed, liquid spraying seed is that plant division osmund spore in Asia is packed into sprayer, and water and carboxymethyl is added
Cellulose, a concentration of 2g/L of carboxymethyl cellulose, solution are puddled uniformly, and seedbed is sprayed to.
5. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1
In broadcast spore mode be broadcast sowing, it is to wrap up in Asia plant division osmund spore to be placed on 7~8 layers of gauze to broadcast sowing, uniformly shake broadcast spore.
6. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3
In when finding to have weed germination, extract the part on weeds soil face by hand.
7. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4
Sporinite seedling is transplanted, transplanting medium is turfy soil and forest humus mass ratio is 1:1~1:2 composite soil.
8. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 7, it is characterised in that transplanting base
Matter is turfy soil and forest humus mass ratio is 1:1 composite soil.
9. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4
The outdoor bed selection of transplanting drains convenient, leeward plot on the sunny side, after ploughing, makes wide 100cm, the transplanted seedling of high 10cm
Bed, bed surface are smooth.
10. the efficient seedling from spore method of Asia plant division osmund four-part form according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4
It is sprayed using micro- spirt row.
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Citations (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN1216676A (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 1999-05-19 | 湖北民族学院 | Three-stage technology for cultivating seedlings of common vetch by using spore propagation |
CN1413452A (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2003-04-30 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Quick reproducing method of osmund |
CN106613833A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | Fiddlehead spore seedling culture method |
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2018
- 2018-05-17 CN CN201810475583.1A patent/CN108651254A/en active Pending
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CN1216676A (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 1999-05-19 | 湖北民族学院 | Three-stage technology for cultivating seedlings of common vetch by using spore propagation |
CN1413452A (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2003-04-30 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Quick reproducing method of osmund |
CN106613833A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | Fiddlehead spore seedling culture method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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杨春梅等: "薇菜孢子苗规模化繁育与林下栽培技术", 《北方园艺》 * |
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Application publication date: 20181016 |