CN101773047B - Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo - Google Patents
Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo Download PDFInfo
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- CN101773047B CN101773047B CN 201019144007 CN201019144007A CN101773047B CN 101773047 B CN101773047 B CN 101773047B CN 201019144007 CN201019144007 CN 201019144007 CN 201019144007 A CN201019144007 A CN 201019144007A CN 101773047 B CN101773047 B CN 101773047B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000009136 dragon's blood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo, which comprises the steps of seed collection, establishment of a germinating sand bed, seed treatment, seeding and germination acceleration, sand bed management, nutritive soil bagging, seedling transplant, nursery land management and the like, wherein mature seeds are picked, placed in warm water at the temperature of 40-50 DEG C, soaked, naturally cooled for 24 hours and then seeded and forced to germinate. Because the plukenetia volubilis linneo bears more fruits, has a large amount of seeds and is convenient to pick seeds, when the seeds are utilized for nursing seedlings, the operation process is simple, the seedling nursing cost is low, the seedling outplanting rate is high, a large amount of seedlings can be cultivated within shorter time, and the seedling nursing method has good market application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to the artificial fecundation method of oil plants, be specifically related to a kind of seedling-cultivating method of plukenetia volubilis linneo.
Background technology
Plukenetia volubilis linneo (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is the perennial bejuco of Euphorbiaceae, originates in area, mountain range, South America Andean (Andes) tropical rain forest.Inca by the locality becomes the wild family's kind that is at first, and seal adding language and claiming Inca Inchi.Also be referred to as " Inca peanut ", " wildpeanut " or " mountain peanut ", do not see Chinese at present, in view of its original producton location in South America, we are referred to as " plukenetia volubilis linneo " temporarily.Plukenetia volubilis linneo prints in South America and adds more than one thousand years has been used in the area by local original inhabitant history, and China is introduced a fine variety first by tropical plants garden, Xishuangbanna and plants experimentally successfully.Its young fruit smooth surface, green, pitchy when ripe, capsule, normal 4~6 corner angle of tool, each corner angle contains one piece of seed.Long 16~the 24mm of seed, wide 14~20mm, thick 7~10mm heavily is 0.8~1.6 gram.Seed is mainly to utilize part, is rich in grease, protein, amino acid, also has vitamin A and vitamin e (Hamaker et al., 1992; Sathe et al., 2002; Guillen et al., 2003; Bondioli et al., 2006).The grease part mainly becomes (based on Omega fatty acid) (Hamaker et al., 1992) by polynary Bu Bao with Zhi Fang Suan Group.The Inca Inchi oil that squeezes from seed can be used for aspects such as food, health care, pharmacy, cosmetics, and also there are significant effect (Simopoulos, 1991 in aspects such as angiocardiopathy preventing, maintenance skin; Declair, 1997; Jiang﹠amp; Zhou, 2003; DeLorgeril﹠amp; Salen, 2004; Maroon﹠amp; Bost, 2006; Rios et al., 2007).Plukenetia volubilis linneo is planted then, yields positive results then, and once income is more than 10 years continuously after the plantation, and every mu of annual value of production can reach 5000 yuan, is that a kind of economic worth is than higher economic plants.The exploitation of industrialized development plukenetia volubilis linneo artificial planting and products thereof has great importance to the income that promotes local economic development, raising peasant.In the prior art, at first will solve the large-scale production of nursery stock, it is to realize tame primary technical problem that a large amount of nursery stocks are provided.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, with low cost, be easy to obtain the artificial raise seedling method of a large amount of nursery stocks, for the industrialized development of plukenetia volubilis linneo provides the seedling guarantee.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
Except as otherwise noted, percentage of the present invention is percetage by weight.
A kind of seedling-cultivating method of plukenetia volubilis linneo, this method adopts the step of following order:
1, seed collection: begin to gather when the fruit of plukenetia volubilis linneo transfers pitchy to by green, when gathering, mellow fruit is cut, airing is 3~5 days in the sun, peels off behind the seed airing again 1~2 day, and is standby;
2, set up the husky bed of vernalization: select that physical features is smooth, the well-ventilated, water easily that the plot surrounds furrow, fill clean river sand in the furrow, and to add a cover shade rate be 50%~70% sunshade net;
3, seed treatment: seed is placed 40~50 ℃ warm water immersion and naturally cools to 24h, wait to broadcast after pulling out;
4, sowing vernalization: sand bed surface is flattened, then seed is spread uniformly be layered on above, at seed upper cover last layer sand, thickness 2~3cm, every square metre of sowing 1000~1500 restrains;
5, husky bed management: after planting water once with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, watering to keep the moistening degree of being of husky bed afterwards in the presprouting of seeds process, when running into cooling, in time is provided with brooder;
6, pack: the nutrition soil of packing in the nutritious bag, nutrition soil proportioning percentage by weight is: native country 90%, fertilizer 5%, dragon's blood slag 4% and calcium magnesium phosphorus 1%;
7, transplant seedlings: presprouting of seeds was transplanted seedlings to nutritious bag after 15~25 days, the moistening matrix of watering the previous day of transplanting seedlings;
8, nursery lot management: should water immediately behind the seedling replanting, and shade, water to keep matrix moistening with 60%~80% sunshade net; Be separated by a week with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder pre-disease prevention of spraying, during according to the upgrowth situation of nursery stock, with thin night soil or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is compound topdresses, or use foliar nutrition liquid is done top dressing; Note observing damage by disease and insect, especially damping off, damping off, in case endanger, with 50% upright 1500 times of liquid of withered clean wetting powder or green prosperous No. 1 800 times of liquid spraying control; When seedling growth reaches 20 centimetres, remove the sunshade net, separate the net back and went out the garden in 10~15 days and carry out the land for growing field crops field planting.
The described furrow of step (1) are wide 100~120 centimetres, and building with brick or plank on every side of furrow is high 15~20 centimetres, and height leaves 40 centimetres of wide pavements a little less than the furrow face between furrow and the furrow.
The described brooder ceiling of step (5) is high 100~150 centimetres.
The described nutritious bag of step (6) be 13 * 17cm end punching plastic sheeting for farm use bag arranged.
That plukenetia volubilis linneo is born fruit is many, grain weight big, it is convenient to collect seed, and utilizes seed seedling-raising, and its operating process is easy, and seedling cost is cheap, and outplanting rate height can be cultivated a large amount of nursery stocks in the short period of time, has better market prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but they are not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
When the fruit of plukenetia volubilis linneo transferred pitchy to by green, collecting fruit was put into gunnysack, transported to spacious place's airing 3~5 days then.Treat that fruit becomes after the obvious drying, with plank extrusion rolling in the above, or beat pericarp gently with waddy, it is split, seed spins off.Collection drops on ground seed, and airing got final product seeding and seedling raising after 1~2 day.The 2~June in every year, select that physical features is comparatively smooth, well-ventilated, the plot of watering easily set up the husky bed of vernalization.Husky bed is made furrow, and furrow are wide 100~120 centimetres, and long 5 meters of furrow are built into 15~20 centimetres high with materials such as brick, planks around the furrow, fills clean river sand in the furrow, and height is a little less than the furrow face.Leave 40 centimetres pavement between furrow and the furrow.Frame is built in the seedbed, adds a cover shade rate and be 50%~70% sunshade net.After building up husky bed, place 40 ℃ warm water to soak in seed and naturally cool to 24h, seed is pulled the back out and is spread uniformly to be layered on above the husky bed by the seeding quantity of every square metre 1000 gram and (flatten husky bed surface before the sowing gently), at seed upper cover last layer sand, thickness 2~3cm.Water once with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder then, can play the effect of casting bed disinfection, later watering grasped husky bed and kept moistening getting final product.After planting two all left and right sides seeds begin to sprout, with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder pre-disease prevention of spraying.When launching substantially, cotyledon behind the seed germination transplants hardening.Suitably water damp matrix the previous day of transplanting seedlings.Select the cloudy day during transplanting, perhaps before the sunrise in the morning and afternoon post sunset, by utensils such as little bamboo chip lifting from husky bed, (the nutritious bag specification is 13 * 17cm to be transplanted to the interior cultivation bag of the nutritious bag that installs a nutrition soil in advance seedling then, nutrition soil proportioning percentage by weight is: native country 90%, fertilizer 5%, dragon's blood slag 4%, calcium magnesium phosphorus 1%).Should water immediately behind the seedling replanting, and shade with the sunshade net of 60%-80%.Afterwards, water according to the wet situation of doing of matrix.Be separated by a week with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder pre-disease prevention of spraying, and according to the upgrowth situation of nursery stock, with thin night soil or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is compound topdresses, also can use foliar nutrition liquid etc. to do top dressing.Note observing damage by disease and insect, especially damping off, damping off, in case endanger, with 50% upright 1500 times of liquid of withered clean wetting powder or green prosperous No. 1 800 times of liquid spraying control.
When seedling growth reaches 20 centimetres of left and right sides, remove the sunshade net, allow seedling accept exercise.Separate net and can go out the garden in back 15 days and carry out field planting, nursery stock is neat, and outplanting rate can reach 95%.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: place 50 ℃ warm water to soak in seed and naturally cool to 24h.
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: seed is pulled the back out and is spread uniformly by the seeding quantity of every square metre 1300 gram and be layered on above the husky bed.
Embodiment 4
Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: seed is pulled the back out and is spread uniformly by the seeding quantity of every square metre 1500 gram and be layered on above the husky bed.
Claims (5)
1. the seedling-cultivating method of a plukenetia volubilis linneo, this method adopts the step of following order:
(1) seed collection: begin to gather when the fruit of plukenetia volubilis linneo transfers pitchy to by green, when gathering, mellow fruit is cut, airing is 3~5 days in the sun, peels off behind the seed airing again 1~2 day, and is standby;
(2) set up the husky bed of vernalization: select that physical features is smooth, the well-ventilated, water easily that the plot surrounds furrow, fill clean river sand in the furrow, and to add a cover shade rate be 50%~70% sunshade net;
(3) seed treatment: seed is placed 40~50 ℃ warm water immersion and naturally cools to 24h, wait to broadcast after pulling out;
(4) sowing vernalization: sand bed surface is flattened, then seed is spread uniformly be layered on above, at seed upper cover last layer sand, thickness 2~3cm, every square metre of sowing 1000~1500 restrains;
(5) husky bed management: after planting water once with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, watering to keep husky bed moistening afterwards in the presprouting of seeds process, when running into cooling, in time is provided with brooder;
(6) pack: the nutrition soil of packing in the nutritious bag, nutrition soil proportioning percentage by weight is: native country 90%, fertilizer 5%, dragon's blood slag 4% and calcium magnesium phosphorus 1%;
(7) transplant seedlings: presprouting of seeds was transplanted seedlings to nutritious bag after 15~25 days, the moistening matrix of watering the previous day of transplanting seedlings;
(8) nursery lot management: should water immediately behind the seedling replanting, and shade, water to keep matrix moistening with 60%~80% sunshade net; Be separated by a week with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder pre-disease prevention of spraying, therebetween according to the upgrowth situation of nursery stock, with thin night soil or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is compound topdresses, or use foliar nutrition liquid is done top dressing; Note observing damage by disease and insect, in case endanger, with 50% upright 1500 times of liquid of withered clean wetting powder or green prosperous No. 1 800 times of liquid spraying control; When seedling growth reaches 20 centimetres, remove the sunshade net, separate the net back and went out the garden in 10~15 days and carry out the land for growing field crops field planting.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of plukenetia volubilis linneo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described furrow of step (2) are wide 100~120 centimetres, building with brick or plank on every side of furrow is high 15~20 centimetres, and height leaves 40 centimetres of wide pavements a little less than the furrow face between furrow and the furrow.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of plukenetia volubilis linneo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described brooder ceiling of step (5) is high 100~150 centimetres.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of plukenetia volubilis linneo according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described nutritious bag of step (6) be 13 * 17cm end punching plastic sheeting for farm use bag arranged.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of plukenetia volubilis linneo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described damage by disease and insect of step (8) comprises damping off or damping off.
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