CN108354102A - 含有谷胱甘肽的保健饮料 - Google Patents
含有谷胱甘肽的保健饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108354102A CN108354102A CN201810391200.2A CN201810391200A CN108354102A CN 108354102 A CN108354102 A CN 108354102A CN 201810391200 A CN201810391200 A CN 201810391200A CN 108354102 A CN108354102 A CN 108354102A
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Abstract
课题在于提供一种能够真实感觉到皮肤衰老或精神压力的预防效果或改善效果的保健饮料,并且确认了如果摄取在现有的含有软骨素、透明质酸和维生素类的饮料中添加谷胱甘肽而成的饮料,则被认为是年轻化指标的DHEA‑S的血中浓度会显著性增加,嗅觉受体等的基因的表达被促进,皮肤的状态、综合情感障碍、自律神经平衡、全身性健康度会显著地改善。
Description
本申请是申请日为2012年10月11日、申请号为201280049522.X、发明名称为“含有谷胱甘肽的保健饮料”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明除了涉及一种以含有水溶性核蛋白、寡核糖核酸(寡RNA)、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽为特征的保健饮料以外,还涉及以含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽为特征的、用于使血中硫酸脱氢表雄酮(dehy droepiandrosterone sulfate:DHEA-S)浓度增加的组合物,或用于促进嗅觉受体基因的表达的组合物,或用于改善或预防衰老或精神压力的组合物。
背景技术
随着近年来的健康意识的提升,另外为了即将到来的超高龄社会中的疾病预防,补充日常生活中容易不足的特定营养成分,以健康的维持和增进作用为目的,进一步着眼于防止衰老、年轻化或消除精神压力等中的具体“生物调节机能”上升的饮食品或其成分的开发得以进展。例如,提出了一种含有水溶性核蛋白、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类等的保健饮料(例如,参见专利文献1),并且已经被申请人上市。
例如,已知谷胱甘肽是大部分生物的各组织中存在的生物体内抗氧化物质,通过谷胱甘肽过氧化酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶,还原型谷胱甘肽和氧化型谷胱甘肽这两种通过所谓的氧化还原循环被调整,维持着作为抗氧化物质的功能(例如,参见专利文献2)。
报告了利用这种谷胱甘肽所具有的机能,将谷胱甘肽作为抗氧化物质用于精神压力预防剂或精神压力改善食品中(例如,参见专利文献3和专利文献4)。另外,提出了含有谷胱甘肽的睡眠诱导剂或精神压力性失眠症改善剂(例如,参见专利文献5);或在饮料中含有0.01~1.0重量%的谷胱甘肽的饮料(例如,参见专利文献6);或全部谷胱甘肽含量中的氧化型谷胱甘肽含量为至少50重量%以上的含有谷胱甘肽的饮料(例如,参见专利文献7)等多种多样的含有谷胱甘肽的饮食品。
另一方面,关于作为年轻化指标受到关注的激素类的一种,已知有DHEA-S(例如,参见非专利文献1)。已知DHEA-S是男性激素合成中的中间代谢产物,是同样为中间代谢产物的脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone;DHEA)的硫酸共轭物,男女老少随着年龄的增加而下降,与DHEA相比血中浓度的半衰期长,没有确认到显著的变化(例如,参见专利文献8),因此被认为能够用作表示衰老程度的客观指标。另外,确认了受精神压力的患者中,DHEA-S会减少(例如,参见非专利文献2)。
因此,被认为如果使血中的DHEA-S增加则得到年轻化的效果,但是报告了针对平均年龄59岁的12名男性进行的DHEA的给药实验中,虽然内源性DHEA-S的水平上升,但在脂肪细胞、胰岛素、LDL胆固醇、HDL胆固醇、睾酮、雌二醇等的指标中丝毫没有确认到其临床效果(例如,参见非专利文献3)。另外,在现阶段并不推荐以治疗目的的针对闭经后的女性的DHEA的给药(例如,参见非专利文献4)。
作为以提升血中DHEA-S水平为目的的食品或医药制剂,提出有以三七为主原料且进一步配合了姜黄和蛇胆的具有年轻化效果的颗粒状食品(例如,参见专利文献9)。但是,这些原料的获得并不容易,是非常昂贵的。另外,为了使内源性DHEA-S增加,提出了以自体淋巴细胞为主成分的、用于使内源性DHEA-S增加的制剂,所述自体淋巴细胞,通过在含有对从被试验者采集的淋巴细胞进行了固相化的抗CD3抗体和白细胞介素2的培养液中进行培养来增殖活化(例如,参见专利文献8),但制作方法复杂,并无法容易利用。
另一方面,已知如果人成为高龄则嗅觉机能下降,而通过Axel和Buck对嗅觉的受体进行了复杂的组合的机理查明,由此进行了嗅觉受体(OR)的表达谱的分析。例如,报告了以小鼠为对象,通过原位杂交检出了9个代表性OR基因,结果这些基因的表达峰因基因的不同而不同,但其中6个随着年龄增加而表达会下降(例如,参见非专利文献5)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-325149号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2006-348052号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2010-030901号公报
专利文献4:日本特开平08-275752号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2008-056628号公报
专利文献6:日本特开平06-078713号公报
专利文献7:日本特开平05-146279号公报
专利文献8:日本特开2010-077106号公报
专利文献9:日本特开2005-204504号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Science 2002,Vol.297no 5582p.811
非专利文献2:日本老年医学会誌31巻2号85-94(日本老年医学会志31卷2号85-94)
非专利文献3:The Aging Male,2003,Vol.6,No.3,pages 151-156
非专利文献4:Menopause Int 2007;13:75-78
非专利文献5:Chem Senses,Vol.34,No.8,695-703,2009
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
本发明的课题在于提供能够真实感觉到衰老或精神压力的预防效果或改善效果的保健饮料等。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明人为了开发出与大肆宣传各种效果的现有保健饮料相比能够客观地掌握优异功效的饮料,特别是从增强在细胞核内发挥作用的营养成分的方面出发,针对新的添加成分继续进行了研究,结果发现当被试验者摄取在含有水溶性核蛋白、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类等的现有保健饮料中首次添加了含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物的改良饮料时,对于皮肤的状态、综合情感障碍、自律神经平衡、全身性健康程度,不止是现有的保健饮料所具有的效果和谷胱甘肽所具有的效果的相加效果,而且对被试验者带来协同性改善效果。对于证明这种协同效应的生物化学性根据持续进行了研究,结果令人吃惊的是,如果摄取上述改良饮料,则确认到年轻化指标的被试验者的DHEA-S的血中浓度显著性增加的同时,确认到LDL胆固醇下降,另外在基因水平,确认到嗅觉受体基因等的表达被促进。本发明是基于这些见解完成的。
即,本发明涉及如下:[1]一种保健饮料,其特征在于,含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽;[2]根据上述[1]所述的保健饮料,其特征在于,维生素类包括选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12中的一种或两种以上的维生素B族以及维生素C;[3]上述[1]或[2]所述的保健饮料,其特征在于,作为谷胱甘肽,使用含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物;[4]根据上述[3]所述的保健饮料,其特征在于,含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物中的氧化型谷胱甘肽的含量比还原型谷胱甘肽多;[5]根据上述[1]~[4]中任一项所述的保健饮料,其特征在于,作为谷胱甘肽,每1000mL添加6~60mg。
另外,本发明涉及如下:[6]一种用于使血中DHEA-S浓度增加的组合物,其特征在于,含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽;[7]一种用于促进嗅觉受体基因的表达的组合物,其特征在于,含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽;[8]一种用于抑制TNFRSF10C基因或TNFSF14基因的表达的组合物,其特征在于,含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽;[9]一种用于改善或预防衰老或精神压力的组合物,其特征在于,含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽;[10]根据上述[6]~[9]中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,维生素类包括选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12中的一种或两种以上的维生素B族以及维生素C;[11]根据上述[6]~[10]中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,作为谷胱甘肽,使用含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物;[12]根据上述[11]所述的组合物,其特征在于,含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物中的氧化型谷胱甘肽的含量比还原型谷胱甘肽多。
此外,作为本发明的其他方式,可以举出血中DHEA-S浓度增强方法和/或嗅觉受体基因的表达促进方法,其特征在于,将含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽的组合物向对象口服给药;含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽的组合物在血中DHEA-S浓度增强剂和/或嗅觉受体基因的表达促进剂的制备中的应用。
发明效果
通过口服摄取本发明的饮料或组合物,对象能够真实感觉到皮肤状态的上升、自律神经平衡的上升、综合情感障碍的改善、健康度的上升等的效果,并且带来衰老防止和改善或精神压力防止和改善的同时,能够得到DHEA-S血中浓度的增加、LDL胆固醇的下降、和/或嗅觉受体基因以及生长激素基因的表达促进等的效果。
附图说明
图1是表示基于“VISIA”的、针对斑点、毛孔、色斑、紫外线斑点的项目,分析B组被试验者的脸部皮肤状态的一例的图。(a)表示摄取饮料b前的一被试验者的脸部皮肤状态,(b)表示相同被试验者摄取饮料b五周后的脸部皮肤状态。
图2表示基于“VISIA”的、针对A、B、C各组被试验者,对a、b、c任一种饮料的摄取前和摄取五周后的脸部皮肤的改善,毛孔的减少(改善)与色斑减少(改善)的相互关系。
图3表示针对A、B、C各组被试验者,摄取a、b、c任一种饮料前和五周后的、基于“きりつ名人”的自律神经平衡的项目中的各组平均值的上升率。
图4表示针对A、B、C各组被试验者,摄取a、b、c任一种饮料前和五周后的、血中DHEA-S浓度的变化。纵轴表示血中DHEA-S浓度(μg/dL)。
图5表示A、B、C各组被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度的相对于摄取各饮料前的摄取后的DHEA-S浓度的平均增加率(%)。
图6针对A组、B组、C组的各被试验者,对于在a、b、c任一种饮料的摄取前后观察到1.2倍以上显著性表达变化的探针,对于各组中怎样重复探针的表达变化,以维恩图表示各表达增加和表达减少。(a)研究增加超过1.2倍的探针,(b)研究减少超过1.2倍的探针。
图7表示在B组中表示出特异性变化的探针中,挑选在基因本体(Gene Ontology)的分子功能(molecular function)中属于“受体活性“Receptor activity””的基因并进行目录化的图。
图8表示在B组中表示出特异性变化的探针中,挑选在基因本体的分子功能中属于“受体结合“Receptor binding””的基因并进行目录化的图。
图9表示按照不同模式摄取饮料的单卵双胞胎中的皮肤弹力试验的比较分析的结果。(a)表示摄取饮料a后,插入停止期,然后摄取饮料b的姐姐的曲线图。(b)表示摄取饮料b后,插入停止期,然后摄取饮料a的妹妹的曲线图。
图10表示按照不同模式摄取饮料的单卵双胞胎的试验期中的肌酸酐的增减。
图11表示按照不同模式摄取饮料的单卵双胞胎的试验期中的总胆固醇的增减。
图12表示按照不同模式摄取饮料的单卵双胞胎的试验期中的LDL胆固醇的增减。
图13表示摄取饮料a的单卵双胞胎的摄取前后的AMSAT中的数值的增减。
图14表示摄取饮料b的单卵双胞胎的摄取前后的AMSAT中的数值的增减。
图15针对双胞胎的[姐姐]和[妹妹]和B组的各被试验者,以维恩图表示在饮料b的摄取前后,确认到1.2倍以上显著性表达增加的探针的个数。
具体实施方式
本发明的保健饮料只要是含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及谷胱甘肽的饮料则并不特别限制,另外对制造这种饮料的方法并不特别限制,可以分别添加并混合各成分,也可以同时添加并混合全部成分,另外还可以将两种以上的成分的混合物彼此分别混合来制造。
上述保健饮料虽然没有明确的科学、法律上的定义,但是为含有被认为改善体质、提高健康状态的成分,在社会上的理解中区别于其他饮料的一组饮料的名称。
一般来说,谷胱甘肽大致区分为还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG),GSH是具有5-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酰甘氨酸的结构的三肽,GSSG是GSH的两个分子通过S-S键结合而成的化合物,两者均在生体内被生物合成,而GSSG在生体内通过谷胱甘肽还原酶转换为GSH,因此被认为将GSSG进行给药时也预期与GSH同样的作用。
作为本发明中的谷胱甘肽,只要是可利用作食用品的谷胱甘肽则均可以利用,例如,可以举出源自寇氏隐甲藻(Crypthecodinium cohnii)等海洋性微细藻类的谷胱甘肽(例如,参见日本特开平9-292公报);对过氧化物具有耐性的属于酵母(Saccharomyces)属、汉森酵母(Hansenula)属、末弥兵团属(エンドミコープス属)、类酵母属、针孢酵母属、念珠菌属、球拟酵母属、酒香酵母属、红酵母属的酵母由来的谷胱甘肽;属于埃希氏菌(Escherichia)属、产碱菌(Alcaligenes)属或变形杆菌(Proteus)属等微生物由来的谷胱甘肽(例如,参见日本特开平8-70884公报)等。
作为含有谷胱甘肽的酵母,具体而言,可以例示酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)、鲁氏酵母(Saccharomyces rouxii)、卡尔酵母(Saccharomycescarlsbergensis)等酵母属的酵母;产朊假丝酵母(圆酵母)(Candida utilis)、热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)、溶脂念珠菌(Candida lipolytica)、假丝酵母(Candidaflaveri)等的属于念珠菌属的酵母等。
另外,作为以高浓度含有谷胱甘肽的含有谷胱甘肽的酵母(谷胱甘肽含量高的酵母)的制法,除了以利用添加三种氨基酸的方法(例如,参见日本特开昭53-94089公报)、或在酵母的培养中通过在培养基中添加甲硫氨酸和谷氨酸来一同提高酵母中的SAM含量和谷胱甘肽含量的方法(例如,参见日本特开2009-017849公报)等方法培养的酵母等的方式获得的方法以外,还可以举出使用酵母突变株的方法等,所述酵母突变株为通过突变处理,使DOA1基因的至少一部分和MET30基因的至少一部分缺损或突变的酵母突变株(例如,参见日本特开2010-029147公报)、或属于念珠菌属、在多烯系抗生素存在下能够繁殖且能够大量含有GSSG的酵母突变株(参见日本特开2003-284547公报)等。当使用酵母突变株时,从GSSG的水溶液中的稳定性比GSH高的方面出发,优选使用使GSSG产量增加的GSSG含量高的突变酵母,作为这种GSSG含量高的酵母突变株,例如,可以适合举出属于念珠菌属、在多烯系抗生素存在下能够繁殖且能够大量含有GSSG的酵母突变株,具体而言,可以适合例示产朊假丝酵母1453B5(FERM P-18789)、产朊假丝酵母1483A6(FERM P-18790)和这些突变株(参见日本特开2003-284547号公报)。
上述含有谷胱甘肽的酵母等微生物从向饮食的添加容易的方面出发,优选以含有谷胱甘肽的酵母等微生物的提取物(浸出物)的方式添加,作为这种含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物,可以例示含有谷胱甘肽2质量%以上,优选8质量%以上,更优选10质量%以上,进一步优选11质量%以上,其中12质量%以上的酵母提取物。
作为这种含有谷胱甘肽的酵母等微生物的提取物的制法,可以举出对含有谷胱甘肽的酵母等进行自己消化、酶处理或加热提取(通过温水等溶剂提取)后,分馏其水溶性成分的方法等公知的方法,例如,可以举出属于念珠菌属、在多烯系抗生素的存在下能够繁殖且能够大量含有氧化型谷胱甘肽的含有10重量%以上的氧化型谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物的制造方法(例如,参见日本特开2004-283125号公报)。另外,作为含有谷胱甘肽的酵母提取物,可以使用市售品,作为这种市售品,可以例示Springer Hyp A(Bio Springer SA公司制)、グルタイーストエキスN(KYOWA HAKKOBIO CO.,LTD.制)等。
作为上述寡RNA,只要是通过核糖核酸(RNA)被低分子化处理而得到的低分子RNA则不受特别限制,但具体而言,可以适合举出对从啤酒酵母、圆酵母、乳酵母和面包酵母等众所周知的酵母中提取并精制的RNA进行低分子化至如下程度而得到的RNA,即含有20~50%的分子量为1000~3000的馏分,与分子量为1000~3000的馏分的量相比含有更多量、例如含有30~50%的分子量为1000以下的馏分。
作为上述寡RNA的制法或获得方法,可以举出通过酶解处理或水解处理将由上述酵母分离、提取并精制的RNA低分子化的方法、或进行化学或酶合成的方法、或购入市售品的方法等公知方法,但具体而言,可以适合例示通过使用具备有热稳定性的核酸酶对RNA的3’,5’-磷酸二酯键进行水解而处理来制备的方法(例如,参见日本特开2007-23024)。
另外,作为上述寡RNA源,可以使用上述谷胱甘肽含量高的酵母。通过使用谷胱甘肽含量高的酵母,可以提供作含有寡RNA和1%以上的谷胱甘肽的含有谷胱甘肽的寡RNA(有时称为マターナル(注册商标)RNA)。使用这种マターナルRNA的情况下,即使没有添加上述谷胱甘肽,也可以与添加适量谷胱甘肽的情况相同地对待。
作为上述水溶性核蛋白,只要是将生物细胞的细胞核中所含有的核蛋白通过酶处理等来进行低分子化而得到的水溶性核蛋白则不受特别限制,但被施加紫外线照射或向化学物质的暴露等的负荷的情况下,确认到能够有效地抑制基因的氧化损伤的效果的方面出发,可以适合例示对源自鱼类的精巢的核蛋白利用核酸酶和蛋白酶进行处理而得到的含有30%以上的分子量为1000~3000的低分子化的寡核苷酸/核苷和寡肽的水溶性核蛋白(例如,参见日本专利第3978716号)。作为这种水溶性核蛋白,可以举出スーパーヌクレゲン。
在上述透明质酸中,含有以作为蛋白聚糖的一种,β-D-葡糖醛酸的1位和β-D-N-乙酰基-葡萄糖胺的3位结合而成的二糖单元连接得到的结构为基本结构的透明质酸及其衍生物以及它们的盐的透明质酸类、或对于这种透明质酸类,使用透明质酸酶等进行酶处理、或者进行加热加压处理而得到的低分子透明质酸或透明质酸分解物,作为上述透明质酸衍生物,可以举出乙酰化的透明质酸(参见日本特开平8-53501号公报)、或硫酸化的透明质酸(参见日本特开平10-195107号公报)、或被乳酸等生体内有机酸取代的透明质酸(参见日本特开平6-16702号公报)、或交联的透明质酸(参见日本特开平7-97401号公报)等,作为透明质酸及其衍生物的盐,可以举出钠盐、钾盐、锂盐、镁盐、钙盐等金属盐类、赖氨酸盐、精氨酸盐、组氨酸盐等碱性氨基酸盐、铵盐、三乙醇胺盐、二异丙醇胺盐。
作为透明质酸类的制法或获得方法,可以举出由鸡冠、哺乳类的脐带、鱼类、乳酸菌或链球菌属菌等代谢物中进行分离并提取的方法、或进行化学或酶合成的方法、或购入市售品的方法等公知方法。含有透明质酸的溶液通常为高粘度,因此多数销售按照所添加的产品的种类或期望的粘度等,分解和/或精制透明质酸得到的鸡冠提取物、脐带提取物等市售品,例如,可以举出透明质酸HA-F(丘比株式会社制)、生物透明质酸钠(株式会社资生堂制)、透明质酸FCH(紀文フードケミファ株式会社制)等,可以适合例示透明质酸HA-F(丘比株式会社制)。
在本发明中的软骨素,含有以在作为糖胺聚糖(粘多糖)的一种,D-葡糖醛酸(GlcA)和N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺(GalNAc)的二糖反复的糖链上,结合硫酸而成的结构为基本结构的软骨素及其衍生物以及它们的盐的软骨素类,作为软骨素,可以举出软骨素-4-硫酸(硫酸软骨素A)、硫酸皮肤素(硫酸软骨素B)、软骨素-6-硫酸(硫酸软骨素C)、硫酸软骨素D、软骨素-4、6-硫酸(硫酸软骨素E),作为软骨素衍生物,可以举出软骨素与葡萄糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等还原糖的缩合物,或芳基酯、磷酸酯、硫酸酯等衍生物,作为软骨素及其衍生物的盐,可以举出钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐;盐酸盐、硫酸盐、铵盐等无机盐;乳酸盐、乙酸盐、三乙醇胺盐等有机盐等。
作为软骨素类的制法或获得方法,可以举出由鲨鱼软骨、或鲨鱼鳍提取物等的含有软骨素的天然物中分离并提取的方法、或进行化学或酶合成的方法、或购入市售品的方法等公知方法,但作为市售品,可以适合例示“鲨鱼软骨提取物(70)”(株式会社中原社制)等含有软骨素的粘多糖蛋白复合体。
在本发明中的胶原中,含有具有以“-甘氨酸-氨基酸-氨基酸-”的肽片段为单元的反复结构的、在皮肤组织、软骨组织、骨组织、血管组织、内脏器官、肌腱等组织中,构成细胞外基质的纤维状蛋白质、及其水解物(胶原肽)、以及这些衍生物,作为胶原衍生物,可以举出胶原及其水解物的、亚烯化物(アテロ化物)、酰化物、琥珀酰化物。一般的胶原的分子量为数万~30万左右,通常为不溶性,因此一般使用水溶性的胶原水解物(胶原肽)。
作为胶原的水解物的制法或获得方法,例如,可以使用进行猪或牛等动物的真皮的洗净或骨的粉碎后,进行碱性处理、中和、脱脂、去除矿物质等,按照含有胶原的组织的所需的前处理而得到提取物后,通过酶等分解提取物,过滤后进行杀菌,喷雾干燥后、进行粉末化的方法等公知方法,除此以外,也可以使用其他市售品。作为市售品,可以举出“エス·ワン·エス”(PS公司制)、源自鱼类的各种胶原肽(株式会社RABJ制)、“Gelita Sol LDA”(Gelita AG公司制)、“Solugel 5,000”(PB Gelatin公司制)。
作为本发明中的锌,只要可以以能够用于食品的方式添加则无特别限制,可以以葡萄糖酸锌、硫酸锌、食用锌酵母等的方式给药,但优选以被认为向体内的吸收率更加提高的含有食用锌的酵母的方式添加,优选使用含有2质量%、优选3质量%、更优选4质量%以上的锌的酵母。作为市售品,可以举出锌酵母(GROW社制)、矿物质酵母-Zn(Oriental Yeast社制)、锌酵母(Bio Springer社制)等食用酵母(含有锌),其中,可以适合举出锌酵母(GROW社制)。
作为本发明的保健饮料中所含有的维生素类,只要是能够发挥上述本发明的效果的维生素类或其衍生物、或者它们的盐则无特别限制,例如,可以举出维生素C(抗坏血酸)、维生素B1(硫胺素)、维生素B2(核黄素)、维生素B6(吡多辛)、维生素B12(钴胺素)等,作为维生素C的衍生物或它们的盐,可以例示抗坏血酸钙、抗坏血酸钠,作为维生素B1的衍生物或它们的盐,可以例示盐酸硫胺素、硝酸硫胺素、硝酸双硫胺素、硫胺素二鲸蜡硫酸酯盐、盐酸呋喃硫胺、奥托硫胺、苯磷硫胺等,作为维生素B2的衍生物或它们的盐,可以例示核黄素四丁酸酯、核黄素磷酸钠,作为维生素B6的衍生物或它们的盐,可以例示吡多辛盐酸盐、吡哆醛(磷酸吡哆醛)、吡哆胺,作为维生素B12或者其衍生物或它们的盐,可以例示氰钴胺、羟钴胺、羟钴胺醋酸盐、羟钴胺盐酸盐、甲基钴胺素、腺苷钴胺素。上述维生素优选含有两种以上,更优选含有三种以上,进一步优选含有四种以上。作为具体的组合,可以例示维生素C和维生素B1、维生素C和维生素B2、维生素C和维生素B6、维生素C和维生素B12、维生素C及维生素B1和B2、维生素C及维生素B1和B6、维生素C及维生素B1和B12、维生素C及维生素B2和B6、维生素C及维生素B2和B12、维生素C及维生素B6和B12、维生素C及维生素B1和B2和B6、维生素C及维生素B1和B6和B12、维生素C及维生素B1和B6和B12、维生素C及维生素B2和B6和B12以及维生素C及维生素B1和B2和B6和B12的组合。
作为本发明的保健饮料中的上述各成分的添加量,无特别限定,但例如可以例示本发明的保健饮料每1000mL,谷胱甘肽6~60mg(含有谷胱甘肽的微生物提取物0.05~0.5g)、寡RNA 0.1~5g、水溶性核蛋白0.5~10g、锌酵母0.1~3g、胶原50~150g、软骨素0.01~0.5g、透明质酸0.01~0.5g、维生素C 5~20g,优选的是,谷胱甘肽12~42mg(含有谷胱甘肽的微生物提取物0.1~0.35g)、寡RNA0.5~2.0g、水溶性核蛋白2~8g、锌酵母0.5~1.5g、胶原70~120g、软骨素0.05~0.3g、透明质酸0.02~0.1g、维生素C 9~15g,更优选的是,谷胱甘肽18~36mg(含有谷胱甘肽的微生物提取物0.15~0.30g)、寡RNA 1~1.5g、水溶性核蛋白4~6g、锌酵母0.9~1.1g、胶原90~100g、软骨素0.08~0.25g、透明质酸0.04~0.07g、维生素C 11~13g。
本发明的饮料从以上述配方如果以一日三次、在早中晚的饭后各摄取20mL则在五周后显著地感觉到本发明的效果的方面出发是优选的,但在适当增减摄取量或频度的情况下,也能够通过长期饮用来得到同样的效果。另外,本发明的保健饮料的摄取量也可以该技术领域的药理学者和临床医生使用已知的方法,或者根据本人的判断来主观地决定。例如,也可以直到表现出摄取者的血中DHEA-S浓度的增加为止、或者直到表现出总胆固醇值、LDL胆固醇值的下降时为止、直到感觉到精神压力的程度减小为止等,按照摄取者的状况使本发明的保健饮料的摄取量或频度适当增加或减少。
在本发明的饮料中,考虑到消费者的嗜好,为了谋求饮料的味觉上升,可以配合糖、糖醇、甜味剂等,作为糖(类),可以举出蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、果糖葡萄糖液糖,作为糖醇(类),可以举出木糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藻糖醇、甘露糖醇,作为甜味剂(类),可以举出乙酰氨基磺酸钾、三氯蔗糖、纽甜、糖精、阿斯巴甜、甜叶菊,糖类、糖醇类、甜味剂类可以分别添加一种或两种以上。另外,为了掩盖动物性原料产品的臭味、或者为了谋求饮料的香味的上升也可以适当添加香料类。另外,还可以添加蜂蜜等食品。
在本发明的饮料中,考虑到饮用感或保存性,根据需要可以进一步配合防腐剂或乳化剂,作为防腐剂,可以举出苯甲酸钠、山梨酸等,但优选为苯甲酸钠,作为乳化剂,可以例示脂肪酸甘油酯系乳化剂或蔗糖脂肪酸酯系乳化剂,防腐剂、乳化剂可以分别添加一种或两种以上。
在本发明的饮料中,为了使饮用感变好,另外,为了使下咽能力低的摄取者能够容易服用,可以进一步配合胶凝剂,作为胶凝剂,可以例示明胶、果胶、琼脂、卡拉胶、结冷胶、葡糖甘露聚糖、刺槐豆胶等公知的胶凝剂,这些胶凝剂可以添加一种或两种以上。
作为本发明的组合物,可以举出含有水溶性核蛋白、寡RNA、锌、胶原、软骨素、透明质酸、维生素类以及含有谷胱甘肽的酵母的、用于提高血中DHEA-S浓度的组合物、用于促进嗅觉受体基因表达的组合物、用于改善或预防衰老或精神压力的组合物。另外,也可以用作与医药品不同且没有摄取后的副作用或者极少的衰老或精神压力的改善和/或预防剂。此外,本发明的组合物可以用作能够对饮食品或饮食品原材料赋予提高血中DHEA-S浓度的作用、促进嗅觉受体基因表达的作用、或进一步促进生长激素基因表达的作用的衰老或精神压力的改善和/或预防用饮食品添加剂。作为上述衰老或精神压力的改善和/或预防剂、或精神压力的改善和/或预防用饮食品添加剂的剂型,无特别限制,可以使用适当的载体来制造成固体制剂或液体制剂。为了将本发明的组合物使用于饮食品,可以在饮食品的制造原料步骤和/或制造的产品的步骤中添加并混合其有效量。
作为基于摄取本发明的饮料或组合物的效果,可以举出衰老的改善和预防效果或精神压力的改善和预防效果,作为衰老的改善和预防效果,可以举出皮肤衰老的改善、血中DHEA-S浓度的上升、血中LDL胆固醇的下降、嗅觉受体基因的表达促进和/或生长激素的表达促进,作为精神压力的改善和预防效果,除了感觉为充分睡眠的情绪等的主观性指标以外,还可以举出综合情感障碍、自律神经的平衡或机能、和/或全身性健康度中的改善效果等、能够使用测定设备来测定的客观性指标。
作为上述皮肤衰老,即使是基于年龄增加的生理衰老,即使是因受到紫外线的照射而导致的光衰老,只要是皮肤的衰老则无特别限制,具体而言,可以例示选自能够观察到的毛孔、斑点、色斑、紫外线斑点中的一种或两种以上。作为预防和改善皮肤的衰老的效果,可以举出预定期间的摄取后的被试验者的能够观察到的毛孔的减少、斑点的减少、色斑的减少、紫外线斑点的减少或综合性评价中的皮肤状态的上升,作为确认这种效果的方法,可以例示通过作为皮肤图像分析辅导系统的VISIA ComplexionAnalysis(以下,也称为“VISIA”)(Canfield公司制)来进行分析的方法,所述皮肤图像分析辅导系统从在短时间完成被试验者的拍摄,能够自由设定要分析的部分、且通过调整因拍摄位置的偏差而导致的分析误差或前后照片的色调的不同,而可以在第二次以后在相同部位分析的方面出发被认为优异。需要说明的是,在各测定项目中被得分化的数值减少时和/或在综合性评价中数值增加时,能够评价为预防并改善了皮肤的衰老。另外,也可以通过使用skin grip meterAS-GP1(朝日バイオメッド社制)进行皮肤弹力试验来进行评价。
作为上述综合情感障碍中的改善效果,可以举出对预定期间的摄取后的被试验者的最近的持续情绪进行分析时的情绪上升,作为确认这种效果的方法,可以例示使用作为评价试验的“情绪状态试验:POMS”(Profileof Mood States)进行分析的方法,所述评价试验由Mc Nair们(1971)开发并能够通过回答65个提问项目来测定由6个因素、即紧张-焦虑(Tension-Anxiety:T-A)、忧郁-沮丧(Depression-Dejection:D)、愤怒-敌意(Anger-Hostility:A-H)、活力(Vigor:V)、疲劳(Fatigue:F)、混乱(Confusion:C)构成的暂时性情感或情绪的状态。需要说明的是,比较摄取开始前的被试验者的数值和摄取后的数值,在“紧张-焦虑:T-A”、“忧郁-沮丧:D”、“愤怒-敌意:A-H”、“疲劳:F”、“混乱:C”的数值显著性下降时,“活力:V”的数值显著性上升时,可以评价为“综合情感障碍”改善。
作为上述自律神经的平衡或机能中的改善效果,可以举出预定期间的摄取后的被试验者的自律神经的平衡或机能的上升,作为确认这种效果的方法,可以例示使用能够通过基于起立的体位转换精神压力来诊断自律神经机能的、自律神经反射实时监督程序的软件“きりつ名人”(株式会社クロスウェル制)来进行分析的方法。这种方法是认为针对基于起立的精神压力,自律神经无法顺利对应时,有时会引起起立性血压下降,但只要是身心健康则起立时习惯性地提高交感神经,使末梢血管收缩,使心率上升,能够维持脑的血流,因此座位安静时诊断自律神经的平衡的同时通过能动起立负荷来采集瞬时心率,进行频率区域分析和时间区域分析,通过这种分析组合,进行交感神经和副交感神经的评价,从而能够评价自律神经机能的方法。
作为上述全身性健康度中的改善效果,可以举出预定期间的饮料摄取后的被试验者的全身性健康度的上升,作为确认这种效果的方法,可以例示被认为能够在短时间简便地测定、适合于被试验者的健康度的掌握或治疗效果的确认等、重现性高且能够精确测量的,使用AMSAT(アムサット)-HC(Auto Mastic System for Analysis Therapy-HolisticConcept:全自动皮肤电阻值测定系统)来进行分析的方法,具体而言,由额、双手和双足的总计6极的电极测量22个模式的电流值后,测量的值与系统中的数据库信息比较,以公式计算,由此可以得到数据。认为通过含有波形分析的特殊公式,对全身67处,由测定结果理想值将脱离度以最大±100%表示,由此能够得到数据。需要说明的是,从测定结果理想值脱离度变小时,能够评价为得到了改善。
作为上述血中DHEA-S浓度中效果,可以举出预定期间的饮料摄取后的被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度的增加。作为血中DHEA-S浓度的测定方法,可以举出放射免疫测定法(RIA)、试管固相法等。需要说明的是,被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度与摄取开始前的被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度比较显著性增加时,能够评价为具有特定保健饮料的摄取的效果。
作为上述血中LDL胆固醇浓度中的效果,可以举出预定期间的饮料摄取后的被试验者的血中LDL胆固醇浓度的减少。
下面,通过实施例对本发明进行更具体说明,但本发明的技术范围并不限定于这些例示。需要说明的是,在以下实验等中,被试验者在试验开始前关于试验内容和方法等得到充分的说明,得到基于文件的同意后进行实施。
实施例1
[双盲试验]
(试验饮料)
使用以下的三种试验饮料进行了双盲试验。以下的表1中示出饮料a、饮料b、饮料c的配方的概要。
[表1]
饮料a是基于以往产品(核酸饮料:天然DN胶原:フォーデイズ株式会社制)的配方制备的。饮料b是在作为以往产品的饮料a中添加谷胱甘肽含量高的酵母提取物而制备的本发明的饮料。在表1中表示分别混合了寡RNA和含有谷胱甘肽的酵母的例,但也可以使用同等组成的マターナル(注册商标)RNA来制备。饮料c是用于研究从作为以往产品的饮料a中去除被认为机能性成分的原料和乳化剂,仅添加了谷胱甘肽时的效果的饮料,为了使饮料a和饮料b的食感相接近而添加了液态糊精。另外,在添加液态糊精而代替胶原肽时,与饮料a或饮料b相比甜味增加,因此是去除了甜味剂(三氯蔗糖)的饮料。另外,在a、b的各饮料中添加有香料、防腐剂、乳化剂,在c中添加有香料、防腐剂。
(对象)
被试验者为身体强壮者男性60名(年龄53.5±2.5岁、平均体质指数(BMI)22.3kg/m2)。通过事先的健康诊断,在非吸烟的被试验者中,确认血糖值(葡萄糖、HbA1C)、肝功能(GOT、GPT、γ-GTP)、胰功能(淀粉酶)、尿酸值、肾功能(肌酸酐)为正常后,将被试验者随机分类为摄取饮料a(以往产品)的被试验者(A组)、摄取饮料b(本发明的饮料)的被试验者(B组)和摄取饮料c(去除了以往产品的有效成分且添加了含有谷胱甘肽的酵母的饮料)的被试验者(C组)的3组各20名,进行了双盲试验。被试验者并不知道摄取哪种饮料,并且命令在早中晚的一日三次的五周试验期间中摄取上述饮料中任意一种各20mL。需要说明的是,试验期间中,虽然被命令控制其他营养补充剂等的摄取,但没有进行特别严格的饮食限制,指导过如通常一样的生活。
对于除了途中停止摄取的A组的一名和C组两名以外的被试验者57名,在摄取开始五周后,进行了皮肤的状态、POMS(Profile of Mood State:情感状态检查)、自律神经测定分析、基于AMSAT的全身性健康度的筛查、血中成分检查、基因分析等的试验。所得到的数据的统计处理在无特别规定时,使用t检验进行。另外,在不满足t检验所需的假设时,使用了威氏符号等级检验。无论哪种情况下,P值只要小于0.05(*)、小于0.01(**)、小于0.001(***)或小于0.0001(****)则设为具有统计学显著性差异。
(皮肤的衰老的预防或改善效果的验证)
为了确认本发明的饮料是否具有皮肤的衰老的预防或改善效果,针对各组被试验者,对摄取开始前和摄取五周后的脸部皮肤状态,使用作为皮肤图像分析辅导系统的“VISIA”,分析了斑点、毛孔、色斑、紫外线斑点、卟啉、皱纹的6个项目。对于各项目和6个项目的综合性判断,使用统计分析软件JMP8,通过威氏符号等级检验进行了分析。将结果示于以下的表2以及图1的(a)和(b)。
[表2]
VISIA的测定项目 | a(n=19) | b(n=20) | c(n=18) |
皱纹 | |||
卟啉 | |||
毛孔 | **↓ | ||
紫外线斑点 | **↓ | ****↓ | **↓ |
色斑 | *↓ | **↓ | |
斑点 | **↓ | ***↓ | *↓ |
综合6项的改善度 | **↑ | ****↑ | *↑ |
图1的(a)表示摄取饮料b之前的被试验者的脸部皮肤状态,图1的(b)表示相同被试验者摄取饮料b五周之后的脸部皮肤状态。各项目的右侧的数字是斑点、毛孔、紫外线斑点、色斑量的数值,数字越减少表示越得到改善。由图1的(a)和(b)中的各项目的照片确认了改善的状况。另外,由表2可知,仅B组被试验者中与A组或C组比较出现毛孔的显著性的减少,在紫外线斑点、色斑、斑点的各项目中也将A组或C组与摄取的组比较,确认了数值显著地减少(改善)。
对于皱纹和卟啉的项目,统计上3组均没有确认到显著性差异,但对于各项目,将改善的情况换算为1分,将未变化的情况换算为0分,将恶化的情况换算为-1分,对于总分以综合6项目的改善度的方式进行了分析,结果确认在饮用饮料b的被试验者组中得到了显著的改善效果(****↑)。另外,仅在饮用饮料b的被试验者组中毛孔显著性减少,但通过基于上述统计分析软件的分析,确认在毛孔的减少(改善)与色斑减少(改善)之间具有非常强的相关关系(p=0.0053)(参见图2)。
(基于POMS的效果的验证)
为了确认本发明的饮料是否具有综合情感障碍中的效果,各组被试验者在摄取开始前和摄取五周后,回答了POMS日本版调查表。将使用威氏符号等级检验的结果示于以下的表3。需要说明的是,在B组被试验者中,由于有部分项目的未记入者,因此有成为n=19的项目。
[表3]
A组(n=19) | B组(n=20) | C组(n=18) | |
POMS判断(6项目) | |||
判断(T-A) | *↓ | ||
判断(D) | *↓ | ||
判断(A-H) | **(n=19)↓ | *↓ | |
判断(V) | |||
判断(F) | **↓ | ||
判断(C) | *↓ |
在摄取饮料b的B组被试验者中,“A-H:愤怒-敌意(Anger-Hostility)”(p<0.01)以及F:疲劳(Fatigue)(p<0.01)的项目中有显著性数值的减少,确认整体上成为良好情绪状态。如果对各自的提问项目进行研究,则在B组被试验者中,比较摄取前和摄取后时,确认了在“3.在心中愤慨”、“7.沮丧而失去干劲”、“21.焦躁”、“44.疲倦”、“49.焦虑”、“60.对事情无确信”、“62.非常疲劳”的项目中得分显著性减少,在“43.温暖对待他人”、“50.精神饱满”的项目中得分显著性增加,确认了对精神压力改善或防止具有效果。在A组或C组被试验者中,没有确认B组被试验者程度的改善效果。需要说明的是,在数据中没有表示,但在A组和C组被试验者中,没有观察到DHEA-S的增加与“A-H:愤怒-敌意”的项目中改善之间的相关关系。
(自律神经机能和平衡试验)
为了确认本发明的饮料是否在自律神经机能或平衡中具有改善效果,针对各组被试验者,在摄取开始前和摄取五周后,使用“きりつ名人”进行了评价。按照“きりつ名人”的使用说明书的指示,为了心率的测定在两手腕固定夹子,在胸部贴上电极,为了测定血压在胳膊卷上袖带,将脉搏氧饱和度仪安装于手指。各被试验者被命令在座位上维持安静3分钟后,按照声音引导进行起立。起立后继续测定了约3分钟30秒。基于示波法的血压测定是从座位安静1分钟后每分钟测定6次,自律神经从30秒后每1拍进行分析。进行了威氏符号等级检验的下侧检验,结果在自律神经平衡的项目中,摄取饮料b的被试验者中看到87.4%的上升(参见图3),确认了饮料b的摄取在日常生活中衰老成为问题的自律神经机能或平衡感觉中,带来超过饮料a和饮料c的相加效果的协同效果。
(被试验者的全身性健康度的评价)
为了确认本发明的饮料是否在被试验者的全身性健康度中具有改善效果,针对各组被试验者,在摄取开始前和摄取五周间后,使用AMSAT(アムサット)-HC(Auto MasticSystem for Analysis Therapy-Holistic Concept:全自动皮肤电阻值测定系统)来进行了分析。各被试验者连接额、双手和双足的总计6极的电极,以22模式的电流值为17秒进行了测量。测量的值与系统中的数据库信息比较,利用含有波形分析的特殊公式,对分配在全身的部分或脊髓、神经系统的全身74处,由测定结果理想值将脱离度以最大±100%表示,在甲状腺、直肠、感觉器官、咽喉、大腿部、股关节、盲肠中,B组与A组或C组比较观察到了有利的效果。
(血中DHEA-S浓度)
为了确认本发明的饮料对血液成分带来怎样的作用,进行了血液检查。通过RIA法测定了血中DHEA-S浓度,结果观察到摄取饮料b的被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度有变化,因此进行了详细研究。B组与A组、C组比较,通过摄取饮料b,基于t检验,血中DHEA-S浓度显著性增加(p=0.0001)(参见图4)。需要说明的是,各被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度是50几岁男性的正常范围内的53~342μg/dL。另外,将各组被试验者的血中DHEA-S浓度的相对于各饮料摄取前的摄取后的DHEA-S浓度的平均增加率(纵轴)示于图5。确认了饮料b的摄取会显著地带来DHEA-S浓度的增加。
(基因表达调查)
使用A组、B组、C组的各被试验者的血液试样,进行了基于统计分析的表达变化基因(探针)的提取。利用使用微阵列分析检测出的数据,以已标准化的表达数据为对象,实施了基于显著性差异检验的P值的计算和基于表达比的截断。两组之间的显著性差异检验是使用了微阵列数据中的两组间检验中所使用的SAM t-test。对于在饮料的摄取前后的比较的组合中,分别计算的P值小于0.05的探针,将两组间的对数表达比以log ratio计表示0.263以上(以表达比,1.2倍以上)的探针设为显著性的表达上升探针,将两组间的对数表达比以log ratio计表示-0.263以下(以表达比,0.8333倍以下)的探针设为显著性的表达下降探针来设定截断通过探针。
针对A组、B组、C组的各被试验者,对于在a、b、c的各饮料的摄取前后观察到表达变化增加1.2倍以上或减少1.2倍以上的探针,将在被试验者所属的组中,探针的表达变化怎样地重复,以维恩图标记各自的表达增加和减少(参见图6的(a)、(b))。仅在B组被试验者中表达增加的探针数为269(图6的(a)的下划线部)、仅在B组被试验者中表达减少的探针数为198(图6的(b)下划线部)。
将在上述B组中特异地表示变化的探针中,挑选在基因本体(Gene Ontology)的分子功能(molecular function)中属于“受体活性“Receptor activity””的基因并进行目录化的探针示于图7。基因名称带下划线的探针为与表达增加的受体相关的探针,没有带下划线的探针为与表达减少的受体相关的探针。在带下划线的探针中,MRGPRX3、OR14I1、OR1F1、OR1J1、OR4D11、OR4D9、OR4X1、OR51E2、OR5B21、OR5P3以及OR8B4为编码了嗅觉受体(olfactory receptor)蛋白的基因,确认了对嗅觉受体蛋白促进表达。与嗅觉受体相关的基因被多数活化是,与在使用上述AMSAT的全身性健康度的评价中,在感觉器官中的数值中表现出有利的效果相一致,确认了通过摄取本发明的饮料,在感觉器官中具有防止并改善衰老的效果。另一方面,已知作为TNF受体的TNFRSF10C或作为TNF配体的TNFSF14被抑制,而TNFRSF10C或TNFSF14在关节炎等炎症性疾病中、或在牙周炎或心脏病患者中表达增加(Journal of Dental Research 89(1),2010,29-33、Molecular Immunology 47,2010,666-670,European Journal of Heart Failure 10,2008,352-35等),表示了通过本发明的饮料或组合物的摄取,炎症性精神压力被抑制。
在上述B组中特异地表示变化的探针中,挑选在基因本体的分子功能中属于“受容体结合“Receptor binding””的基因并进行目录化的探针示于图8。基因名称带下划线的探针为与表达增加的配体相关的探针,没有带下划线的探针为与表达减少的配体相关的探针。也确认了对GH1生长激素基因促进表达。因此,可谓确认了通过摄取本发明的饮料,具有衰老防止和改善效果。
(总结)
确认了在摄取饮料b的B组被试验者中,在皮肤的状态、综合情感障碍、自律神经平衡、全身性健康度中的试验中,或DHEA-S的血中浓度、嗅觉受体基因表达等的生物化学性的指标中,并不限于饮料a的效果和饮料c的效果的相加效果,而对被试验者带来协同性改善效果。
实施例2
[单卵双胞胎(女性)的双盲交叉试验]
单卵双胞胎的女性两人[姐姐](the first twin sister:FTS)和[妹妹](thesecond twin sister:STS)(姐姐BMI34.9、妹妹BMI33.6)成为被试验者,进行了试验。[姐姐]被命令,在早中晚的一日三次的五周摄取上述实施例1中所使用的饮料a各20mL,在31日的停止期后,在早中晚的一日三次的五周摄取上述实施例1中所使用的饮料b各20mL。[妹妹]被命令,在早中晚的一日三次的五周摄取饮料b各20mL,在31日的停止期后,在早中晚的一日三次的五周摄取饮料a各20mL。将前期五周+31日的停止期+后期五周的合计101日设为试验期。
(皮肤弹性)
对于上述单卵双胞胎的[姐姐]和[妹妹],在试验期中对左右的各脸颊使用skingrip meter AS-GP1(朝日バイオメッド社制),按照制造商编制的使用说明书,进行了多次皮肤弹力试验。将其结果示于图9((a)和(b))。[姐姐]在摄取饮料a的期间和其后的31天的停止期中,没有观察到皮肤弹性的增加,但在停止期后摄取饮料b的后期五周中左脸颊(实线)、右脸颊(虚线)同时皮肤弹性显著增加(参见图9的(a))。[妹妹]在摄取饮料b的前期五周中皮肤弹性会增加,但在31天的停止期中弹性会减少,在摄取饮料a的五周中几乎没有观察到变化(参见图9的(b))。
(肌酸酐浓度)
针对上述[姐姐]和[妹妹],在试验期中对血中肌酸酐浓度(mg/dL)通过酶法(肌酸酶-肌氨酸氧化酶-过氧化酶法)(三菱化学メディエンス委托测定)测定了多次。将其结果示于图10。[姐姐]以虚线表示,[妹妹]以实线表示。[姐姐]在摄取饮料a的前期五周和其后的31天的停止期中,没有观察到血中肌酸酐浓度的减少,但在停止期间后摄取饮料b的后期五周中血中肌酸酐浓度会显著减少(参见图10的虚线→部分)。[妹妹]在摄取饮料b的前期五周中血中肌酸酐浓度会减少(参见图10的实线→部分),但31天的停止期中会增加,摄取饮料a的后期五周中没有观察到变化(参见图10的实线)。已知慢性肾病或高血压患者的肌酸酐为高浓度(Annals of Internal Medicine,Vol.141No.12,929-937和Arch.Intern.Med.Vol 161,2001,1207-1216),启示了本发明的饮料对高血压的改善或慢性肾病的的改善具有效果。
(总胆固醇浓度)
针对上述[姐姐]和[妹妹],在试验期中对血中总胆固醇浓度(mg/dL)通过酶法(三菱化学メディエンス委托测定)测定了多次。将其结果示于图11。[姐姐]在摄取饮料a的期间和其后的31天的停止期中,没有观察到血中总胆固醇浓度的减少,但在停止期后摄取饮料b的后期五周中总胆固醇浓度会显著减少(参见图11的虚线→部分)。[妹妹]在摄取饮料b的前期五周中总胆固醇浓度会减少(参见图11实线→部分)、在31天的停止期中也不会增加,在摄取饮料a的后期五周也观察到了减少趋势。
(LDL胆固醇浓度)
针对上述[姐姐]和[妹妹],在试验期中对血中LDL胆固醇浓度(mg/dL)通过酶法(三菱化学メディエンス委托测定)测定了多次。将其结果示于图12。[姐姐]在摄取饮料a的期间和其后的31天的停止期中,没有观察到血中LDL胆固醇浓度的减少,但在停止期后摄取饮料b的后期五周中LDL胆固醇浓度会减少(参见图12的虚线→部分)。[妹妹]在摄取饮料b的前期五周中LDL胆固醇浓度会减少(参见图12的实线→部分),在31天的停止期也不会增加,但摄取饮料a的后期五周中观察到了稍微增加的趋势。配合上述总胆固醇浓度的结果,启示了本发明的饮料对所谓的代谢症状具有效果。
(睡眠状况)
针对上述[妹妹],对睡眠状况进行了问诊,结果[妹妹]摄取饮料b时,仅有[妹妹]改善了原有的睡眠状况的问题。具体而言,得到了夜间咳嗽、或大声打呼噜的情况变少的回答。对于该问题,虽然单卵双胞胎,但妹妹来说特异性的,但摄取饮料a时没有确认改善。
(基于AMSAT的研究)
为了确认本发明的饮料是否在被试验者的全身性健康度中具有改善效果,针对上述[姐姐]和[妹妹],在摄取开始前和摄取五周后,使用AMSAT与上述实施例1中所述的顺序同样的顺序进行了分析。在摄取饮料a的前和后进行分析时,[姐姐]和[妹妹]均没有观察到显著的数值的变化(参见图13的(a)和(b)),但在摄取饮料b的前和期间后进行分析时,[姐姐]和[妹妹]均在74的检查项目的大部分中在摄取后表示了显著的数值的减少,成为了接近被认为理想状态的0的数字(参见图14的(a)和(b))。这表示,在使用AMSAT的全身性健康度的评价中,细胞间质的软化被抑制,观察到炎症性的改善效果。
(基因表达调查)
使用摄取饮料b的上述双胞胎的[姐姐]和[妹妹]以及在实施例1中摄取饮料b的B组被试验者男性组的血液试样,以与实施例1的基因表达调查中进行的顺序同样的顺序,进行了基于统计分析的表达变化基因(探针)的提取。对于在饮料b的摄取前后观察到表达变化增加1.2倍以上或减少1.2倍以上的探针,对于被试验者所属的组中怎样重复探针的表达变化,以维恩图标记各自的表达增加和减少(参见图15的(a)和(b))。在双胞胎的被试验者和男性的被试验者的两方中,表达增加的探针数为9。显著性增加的9种探针中(参见图15(中央重叠部分)),包括编码了嗅觉受体(olfactory receptor)蛋白的基因OR14I1,与嗅觉受体相关的基因被活化是,与在使用上述AMSAT的全身性健康度的评价中,也包括感觉器官中的数值在内观察到有利的效果相一致。
针对摄取上述饮料b的上述双胞胎的[姐姐]和[妹妹]以及在实施例1中摄取饮料b的B组被试验者男性组,进行了基因本体(Gene Ontology)的分子功能(molecularfunction)分析。在属于“代谢活性”的基因中,针对表达增加的探针,进行了认为特别重要的戊糖磷酸途径和三羧酸循环(TCA循环)中的途径水平中的表达变化分析。将结果示于以下的表4。
[表4]
戊糖磷酸途径(pentose phosphate fundamental pathway)是葡萄糖代谢途径的一种,是代谢葡萄糖,以脂肪酸的生物合成反应中必须的还原力的NADPH的供给为主要作用的重要途径。由上述表4可知,确认了在戊糖磷酸途经中,相关基因的表达会上升,并且确认了通过饮料b的摄取,对戊糖磷酸途经的活性有利地发挥作用。
TCA循环作为糖、脂肪酸、氨基酸等的代谢循环,是重要的循环。由上述表4可知,确认了在TCA循环中,相关基因的表达会上升,并且确认了通过饮料b的摄取,对能量产生有利地发挥作用。
(总结)
确认了有肥胖趋势的双胞胎的饮料a和饮料b的摄取量以体重每1kg计姐姐为0.63mL/kg/日,妹妹为0.68mL/kg/日,与实施例1中的男子的摄取量相比少。即使是少的摄取量,通过五周摄取本发明的饮料b,也带来血中肌酸酐浓度的减少、总胆固醇的减少、LDL胆固醇的减少、睡眠状况的改善等、衰老或精神压力的预防并改善效果。另外,已知在表达基因分析中,饮料b的摄取也有助于健康状态的上升。饮料b的摄取通过抑制肥胖趋势的体质中引起的炎症反应来减轻细胞的精神压力,使基础代谢活跃,由此对肥胖趋势的改善具有效果。
Claims (3)
1.一种保健饮料,每1000ml饮料包含水溶性核蛋白0.5~10g、寡RNA 0.1~5g、锌酵母0.1~3g、胶原50~150g、软骨素0.01~0.5g、透明质酸0.01~0.5g、维生素C 5~20g以及谷胱甘肽6~60mg,其为足以满足至少以下条件之一的量:
(i)使血中硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)浓度增加;
(ii)促进嗅觉受体基因的表达;或者
(iii)抑制TNFRSF10C基因或TNFSF14基因的表达,
其中所述谷胱甘肽为氧化型谷胱甘肽的含量比还原型谷胱甘肽多的酵母提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保健饮料,进一步含有选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12中的一种或多种的维生素B族。
3.一种保健饮料,每1000ml饮料包含水溶性核蛋白0.5~10g、寡RNA 0.1~5g、锌酵母0.1~3g、胶原50~150g、软骨素0.01~0.5g、透明质酸0.01~0.5g、维生素C 5~20g以及谷胱甘肽6~60mg,其中该量足以满足以下条件:
(i)使血中硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)浓度增加;
(ii)促进嗅觉受体基因的表达;和
(iii)抑制TNFRSF10C基因或TNFSF14基因的表达,
其中所述谷胱甘肽为氧化型谷胱甘肽的含量比还原型谷胱甘肽多的酵母提取物。
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