CN107683247B - 带有三层非织造织物的定份胶囊 - Google Patents

带有三层非织造织物的定份胶囊 Download PDF

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CN107683247B
CN107683247B CN201680031889.7A CN201680031889A CN107683247B CN 107683247 B CN107683247 B CN 107683247B CN 201680031889 A CN201680031889 A CN 201680031889A CN 107683247 B CN107683247 B CN 107683247B
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马克·克鲁格
马尔科·哈尼施
甘特·安普尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制作饮料的定份胶囊，该定份胶囊具有胶囊本体，该胶囊本体具有胶囊底部和填充侧。在该胶囊底部与该填充侧之间形成有用于接纳粉状或液体的饮料基质的空腔，并且在该饮料基质与该胶囊底部之间安排了过滤元件。该过滤元件包括开孔的毡和/或非织造织物，并且该毡和/或非织造织物在面向饮料基质的第一区域中具有第一平均孔尺寸并且在面向该胶囊底部的第二区域中具有第二平均孔尺寸，所述第一孔尺寸小于该第二孔尺寸。

Description

带有三层非织造织物的定份胶囊
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制作饮料的定份胶囊，该定份胶囊具有胶囊本体，该胶囊本体具有胶囊底部和填充侧，其中，在该胶囊底部与该填充侧之间配置了用于接纳粉状、颗粒状、或液体的饮料基质的空腔，并且其中，在饮料基质与胶囊底部之间布置了过滤元件。
背景技术
这种定份胶囊是从现有技术普遍已知的。例如，在公开文件EP 1792850 B1、EP1344722 A1、以及US 2003/0172813 A1中披露了用于制备咖啡和意式浓咖啡的一般定份胶囊。
用于制作饮料的这种类型定份胶囊优选以截头圆锥体的方式或以圆柱形的方式成形，并且例如是由真空成型的塑料膜或通过塑料注塑成型工艺制成的。所述定份胶囊通常具有带有套环周边的开放填充侧和封闭的或开放的胶囊底部，膜盖被密封或粘性地粘结到该套环周边上，其中，在饮料基质与胶囊底部之间布置了相对于胶囊底部支撑的颗粒筛。
为了制备饮料(例如咖啡或茶饮料)，将定份胶囊结合到制备设备的冲泡室中。在冲泡室的封闭过程之后或期间，胶囊优选地在其封闭的底部侧借助于布置在冲泡室中的排放心轴被打开，并且在冲泡室被密封之后，由封闭膜封闭的定份胶囊的填充侧借助于刺穿器件被开孔。随后，在压力下将制备液体(优选地热水)输送到定份胶囊中。制备流体渗透过饮料基质并且从该饮料基质提取和/或溶解制备饮料所需的物质。为了提取精油以便制备意式浓咖啡，例如使最高达20巴的冲泡水压作用在咖啡粉上。此外，这种压力也作用在过滤媒介上，该过滤媒介位于咖啡粉与胶囊底部之间并且位于被刺穿的胶囊出口之前。
在该过滤媒介下侧的突然压力损失导致在饮料中形成泡沫，例如呈咖啡饮料的浮沫(crema)的形式。然而，对于某些饮料而言，例如对于特别是在美国和斯堪的纳维亚消费的没有浮沫的经典过滤咖啡而言，任何泡沫的形成都是所不希望的。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有过滤安排的定份胶囊，该定份胶囊与现有技术相比具有改进的过滤元件。
发明内容
这个目的通过一种用于制作饮料的定份胶囊来实现，该定份胶囊具有胶囊本体，该胶囊本体具有胶囊底部和填充侧，其中，在该胶囊底部与该填充侧之间配置了用于接纳粉状或液体的饮料基质的空腔，其中，在饮料基质与胶囊底部之间布置了过滤元件，其中，该过滤元件被设置为分至少三个层，并且在两个层之间设置了通过热空气纺纱制成的纤维层。
根据本发明的定份胶囊的过滤元件的突出之处在于在比较高的透气度下的高机械稳定性。同时，在面向饮料物质的那侧上可以存在小的孔尺寸使得由此实现有效的过滤并且没有细小颗粒从胶囊中被冲到饮料中，这些细小颗粒例如可能导致对饮料不希望的污染。
在本发明的背景下，该定份胶囊包括优选气密密闭的定份胶囊。这意味着：在提取过程之前，位于该定份胶囊中的饮料或食物粉末(例如咖啡粉、汤粉、或茶)相对于环境以基本上不透香气的方式被密封。该定份胶囊可以具有预制的开口，然而，这些预制的开口在该胶囊使用之前优选是被紧固到该定份胶囊上的膜或完全围绕该定份胶囊的包装物(例如管状袋包装物)密封的。
根据本发明的过滤元件被设置为分三个层，其中，通过热空气纺纱制成的纤维层被设置在两个层、具体是外层之间。所述纤维层优选地具体是以材料一体的方式连接另外两个层。
此外，根据本发明，该过滤元件的一个层、优选中间层是通过热空气纺纱(熔喷法)制成的。热空气纺纱(熔喷法)是直接由颗粒制成非织造材料的工艺。特殊纺纱法与高速热空气相结合使用，以便制作具有多种不同结构的细纤维织物材料。例如，通过泵将在挤出机中熔化的聚合物颗粒直接输送到喷嘴块中。在穿过喷嘴尖口排出之后，聚合物是通过压缩的工艺用热空气来定向的。所产生的非织造织物(具体是微纤维非织造织物)可以被放置在透气载体(例如网筛皮带)上、或被直接放置在具体这些外层之一上以便制作三层式过滤元件。为此，在这种情况下，通过用于至少一个外层的、在喷嘴之前和/或后方的退绕站来升级熔喷设备。当两个外层冷却时，仍柔软的粘性中间层优选将这两个外层相连接。此外，压延机可以将这些外层与熔喷层相互连接，或分别使所述层机械稳定化。
通过热空气纺纱制成的层优选由聚丙烯制成并且具有在5g/m2与50g/m2、优选在10g/m2与20g/m2之间、并且特别优选在13g/m2与17g/m2之间的克重。
这两个层、具体地外层优选被设置为非织造织物。
本发明的背景下的非织造织物是由纤维、具体是塑料纤维制成的无序非织造结构。本发明的背景下的非织造织物可以由塑料纤维和/或天然纤维制成。例如，非织造织物可以是由纸或纸类材料构成的。然而，该非织造织物的纤维优选是塑料纤维、具体是聚丙烯纤维和/或聚酯纤维。
这两个非织造层就材料、厚度、和/或直径而言优选是不同的。这两个层优选通过中间布置的熔喷层相互连接。该复合物可以通过压延、例如通过点状式和/或结构式压延来产生或改进。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，提出的是：两个具体地外层包括非织造材料，该非织造材料是由塑料细纤维、例如聚酯细纤维和/或聚丙烯细纤维制成的，所述非织造材料具体是随机纤维材料和/或纤维定向的非织造材料。该非织造织物优选地包括在5克和250克每平方米之间、特别优选在10克与175克每平方米之间、并且特别优选在13克与130克每平方米之间的克重(又被称为单位面积重量)。过滤元件的层优选具有在0.2毫米与2.0毫米之间、特别优选在0.6毫米与1.0毫米之间的厚度。该非织造织物被配置的方式为是的该非织造织物的透气度在200帕时优选在950l/(m2s)和1150l/(m2s)之间。以令人惊讶的并且未预见到的方式，已经证明：通过使用这种类型的非织造材料在提取效率、混合和排放行为、以及防堵塞方面可以实现最佳的结果，并且尽管如此如有需要仍形成“浮沫”。尽管如此，即使当开口心轴刺穿和/或穿透过滤元件时，饮料物质仍有利地保持，或相应地具有高机械稳定性。
面向饮料物质的第一层优选是非织造层，该非织造层具有在5g/m2与50g/m2之间、优选在10g/m2与20g/m2之间、并且特别优选在13g/m2与17g/m2之间的克重。用于这个层的优选塑料是聚丙烯。
背离饮料物质的第三层优选是非织造层，该非织造层具有在55g/m2与175g/m2之间、优选在80g/m2与150g/m2之间、并且特别优选在120g/m2与130g/m2之间的克重。用于这个层的优选塑料是聚酯。
中间层优选是非织造层，该非织造层具有在5g/m2和50g/m2之间、优选在10g/m2与20g/m2之间、并且特别优选在13g/m2与17g/m2之间的克重。用于这个层的优选塑料是聚丙烯。
第一和/或第三和/或整个过滤元件优选是经压延的。这可以是点状式、平面式和/或结构式压延。
在200Pa的压差下，整个过滤元件的透气度优选是950l/m2s至1150l/m2s。
过滤元件的厚度优选为0.6mm至1.0mm。
根据本发明的进一步的实施例，该过滤元件具有带有毡结构的至少一个层。在此，这优选是针织毡结构。该毡层优选由至少一个毡结构和一个载体结构(具体是织造织物结构)，其中，特别优选地，该毡结构(体积的至少一部分)包括该载体结构。该毡结构优选延伸跨过该载体结构的整个横截面。该毡结构优选以形状配合、力配合、和/或材料一体的方式连接到该载体结构上。
该毡结构的或该非织造织物的表面优选是经处理、例如经热处理的，以便例如使松散的纤维热定型。
包括该毡结构的层具体地通过材料一体的连接优选连接到非织造层或另一个毡层上。在此，这种材料一体的连接可以通过熔喷层和/或通过压延来执行。
制作包括载体结构(具体是织造织物结构)和毡结构的毡层在于例如提供由纵向线和横向线构成的织造织物结构。对于毡、具体是针织毡的构造而言，优选地选择具有0.8dtex至7dtex的纤维单元。将单独纤维相互连接以形成毡和/或将毡锚固在该载体结构中优选地通过针织制作工艺来进行。在此，使用反向倒钩将针高速地驱动到所供应的纤维包中，之后将所述针再次撤回。由于这些倒钩，纤维通过所产生的多个环相互交织和/或与织造载体织物交织。
具有一个或多个毡结构的该载体结构优选包括在100克和1500克每平方米之间、特别优选在200克和650克每平方米之间、并且对于茶而且还有咖啡、意式浓咖啡等等的制作而言最特别优选基本上从150克至250克每平方米、对于咖啡、意式浓咖啡而且还有茶的制作而言包括600克至700克每平方米。对于咖啡、意式浓咖啡等的制作、而且还有茶的制作而言，克重最特别优选为1000克至1300克每平方米。包括毡结构的层优选具有在0.4毫米与5.0毫米之间、特别优选在1.1毫米与3.0毫米、和对于茶的制作而言最特别优选1.2毫米至1.4毫米、以及对于咖啡的制作而言2.6毫米至3.0毫米的厚度。
过滤元件优选被放置到胶囊本体中并且随后在将饮料基质填充到胶囊本体中之前通过焊接(例如使用超声波)连接到胶囊本体上和/或该胶囊的侧壁上。
过滤元件优选被布置在胶囊的底部使得所述过滤元件在尽可能大的面积上支承在其上。特别优选地，该过滤元件具体是通过超声波密封到该底部上。此外优选地，在被紧固到胶囊上、具体是胶囊底部上之前，使该过滤元件张紧以便改进所述过滤元件在该底部上的支承。
该过滤元件优选完全地或仅部分地覆盖胶囊底部。
当胶囊被穿孔器件打开时，有利于穿孔器件将过滤元件从胶囊底部移开，由此张紧或此外张紧所述过滤元件。在此，穿孔器件可能侵入过滤元件的至少一个层和/或穿透过滤元件的至少一个层。
胶囊本体优选以截头圆锥体的方式或以圆柱形的方式成形，并且例如是由塑料、天然材料、和/或生物可降解的材料、真空成型的塑料膜制成的，或是由天然材料形成的，或是通过注塑成型法制成的。胶囊本体优选在填充侧上具有套环周边，膜盖被密封或粘性地粘结到该套环周边上。替代性地，可设想的是，胶囊本体和胶囊盖通过机械方法相互连接。定份胶囊的底部优选是封闭的并且优选地只有当在冲泡室中时才借助于从外部作用在定份胶囊底部上的穿孔器件被穿孔，以产生排放开口。然而，替代性地，同样可设想的是，定份胶囊的底部在出厂时已经设有排放开口，该排放开口优选是借助于密封膜被密封的。在这种情况下，该密封膜可以例如借助于穿孔器件被穿孔，或可以用手从胶囊底部上被撕破。过滤元件优选被配置成耐撕裂的。该密封膜优选地是塑料膜，该塑料膜具有至少一个阻挡层，例如金属层、具体是铝层。该塑料膜优选在其面向胶囊的那侧上具有剥离层以使该塑料膜能够以相对容易的方式从胶囊底部上被释放。
预制的排放开口优选被设置成如此长，使得所述排放开口可以以非接触的方式接纳任选现有的穿孔器件。排放开口特别优选被设置成如此大，使得当完全制备的饮料流出时在所述排放开口上不产生显著的压力，尤其使得不产生显著的湍流，湍流可能导致气体进入饮料中并且因此导致在完全制备的饮料中形成泡沫。
定份胶囊优选具有液体分配器，该液体分配器使流入的液体转向并且将流入的液体分配到定份胶囊的整个横截面上。
根据本发明的进一步的实施例，提出的是：胶囊底部在与填充侧相反的方向上具有中凸。该中凸有利地用于接纳穿孔器件，使得当穿孔器件刺穿胶囊底部时胶囊底部在该中凸的区域中确实被穿孔，但随后穿孔器件保持在该中凸的空腔中。优选地，在此过滤元件的至少一个层被开孔和/或被刺穿。该中凸优选至少部分地接纳过滤元件。
根据本发明的进一步的实施例，提出的是：该过滤元件只能在中心区域从胶囊底部上凸起，并且在胶囊底部的周边区域中继续支承在胶囊底部或被紧固到胶囊底部上。因此有利地防止了过滤元件的滑动，并且提高了在胶囊本体与过滤元件之间的密封效果，其中，然而，同时继续能够实现过滤元件在其中心区域中的任何凸起。在此，过滤元件优选被配置成弹性的。
根据进一步的实施例，胶囊底部永久地具有出口开口，该出口开口优选是被膜密封的，其中，该膜特别优选地具有用于用手撕破该膜的撕破接片。在此，有利地，不需要借助于外部穿孔器件对胶囊底部穿孔。在将定份胶囊放置到冲泡室中之前，该膜借助于撕破接片容易地从胶囊底部被撕破，并且可以开始冲泡过程。将预制的并且因此比较大的出口开口与过滤元件(该过滤元件是由一个或多个非织造层和/或具有毡结构、具体是针织毡的层制成的)组合具有的优点是：饮料液体在高压下不从该出口开口流出并且因此特别是在制作美式咖啡或茶时防止了泡沫(“浮沫”)的形成。
本发明的另一个主题是一种用于制作饮料的方法，其中，在第一步骤中，提供根据本发明的定份胶囊，其中，在第二步骤中，将该定份胶囊放置到冲泡室中，并且其中，在用于制作该饮料的第三步骤中，在最高至20巴的压力下将制备液体引导到该定份胶囊中。
在本发明的这个主题的背景下所作的解释同样适用于另一个主题，反之亦然。
本发明的另一个主题是定份胶囊用于制作饮料、优选用于制作咖啡、可可饮料、茶、和/或牛奶饮料的用途。
在本发明的这个主题的背景下所作的解释同样适用于另一个主题，反之亦然。
附图说明
在附图中展示了本发明的多个示例性实施例并且在以下说明中更详细地解释。这些附图仅仅是以示例性的方式来描述的，并且不限制本发明的总体概念。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的定份胶囊的纵截面，所述定份胶囊被指定用于制备咖啡；
图2示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的定份胶囊的纵截面，所述定份胶囊位于封闭的冲泡室中；并且
图3示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的定份胶囊的过滤元件的实施例。
参考符号清单
1 定份胶囊
2 胶囊本体
3 胶囊底部
3a 内侧
3’ 周边区域
4 填充侧
5 周边套环
6 膜盖
7 过滤元件
8 冲泡室
9 第一冲泡室元件
10 第二冲泡室元件
11 密封件
12 封闭活塞
13a 刺穿元件
13b 刺穿元件
14 制备液体供给件
15 冲泡室钟罩
16 排放心轴
17 排放凹槽
18 饮料排放件
20 出口开口
100 空腔
101 饮料物质
200 第一层、第一非织造层
201 通过热空气纺纱制成的第二纤维层
202 第三层、第三非织造层。
具体实施方式
在不同附图中，始终为相同部分提供相同的附图标记，并且因此典型地在各自情况下也仅被分别提到或提及一次。
在图1中展示了根据本发明的定份胶囊1的示例性实施例。定份胶囊1包括呈截头圆锥体形状的胶囊本体2，该胶囊本体具有胶囊底部3和被布置在所述胶囊本体的填充侧4上的套环周边5，膜盖6被焊接或粘性地粘结到所述套环周边5上。胶囊底部5在初始状态下或者是封闭的，或者在其初始状态下已经具有出口开口20，该出口开口例如借助于密封膜(未展示)密封，该密封膜可以在提取过程之前被撕破或能够在冲泡室中被穿孔。因此在胶囊底部3与膜盖6之间配置了在定份胶囊1的初始状态下优选以不透空气且不透香气的方式封闭的空腔100，所述空腔100填充有粉状、叶状、和/或颗粒状的饮料物质101。在此，饮料物质101包括咖啡和/或茶。过滤元件7被布置在胶囊底部3的内侧3a，也即是说在空腔100内。过滤元件或者松散地支承在胶囊底部3的内侧3a，以固定的方式(也就是说，以材料一体的方式)连接到胶囊本体底部3的内侧3a上。在第二变体中，过滤元件7具体地仅在胶囊底部3的周边区域3’中以材料一体的方式紧固到胶囊底部3上。借助于图3对该过滤元件进行详细解释。过滤元件7优选通过刺孔、激光切割、水射流切割、超声波切割和/或类似方法从织造织物网中切出。
在图2中展示了如图1中展示的根据本发明的示例性实施例的定份胶囊1，其中，图2中的定份胶囊1被布置在封闭的冲泡室8中。冲泡室8由第一冲泡室元件9和第二冲泡室元件10构成，其中，第一冲泡室元件9被设置成相对于第二冲泡室元件10是可移动的，或反之亦然，以便引入定份胶囊1。在这两个冲泡室元件9、10之间布置了密封件11。第一冲泡室元件9基本上由封闭活塞12、制备液体供给件14、以及密封件11构成，该封闭活塞具有刺穿元件13a、13b用于打开定份胶囊1的膜盖6。第二冲泡室元件10基本上由冲泡室钟罩15和饮料排放件18构成，该冲泡室钟罩部分地围绕定份胶囊1并且具有排放心轴16，该排放心轴被布置在冲泡室钟罩15的底部并且设有多个排放凹槽17。为了接纳定份胶囊1，冲泡室8处于打开状态(未展示)和所展示的封闭状态，在该打开状态下，第一冲泡室元件9和第二冲泡室元件10相互间隔开以确保对定份胶囊1的供给，在该封闭状态下，可以执行用于借助于定份胶囊1来制作饮料的制备过程。在该封闭状态下，冲泡室8以压力密闭的方式被封闭。当冲泡室8从打开状态转换为所描述的封闭状态时，膜盖6被刺穿元件13a、13b刺穿，使得制备液体、具体是热的冲泡水在压力下通过制备液体供给件14进入定份胶囊1的空腔100中。当定份胶囊1具有封闭的胶囊底部3时，胶囊底部3在冲泡室8被封闭时优选地被配置为排放心轴16的穿孔器件穿孔，使得在胶囊底部3中产生出口开口20，穿过该出口开口，制作的饮料液体可以从定份胶囊1朝饮料排放件18的方向流出。为了支持饮料液体的排出，排放心轴16在其搁板表面上具有排放凹槽17。在替代性实施例(未展示)中，胶囊底部3具有出口开口20，该出口开口在初始状态下被密封膜密封以便以气密密闭的方式密封空腔100。在将定份胶囊1放置到冲泡室8中之前，该密封膜被使用者用手撕破，使得排放心轴16可以通过出口开口8以不受阻碍的方式伸入定份胶囊1中。然而，替代性地，还可设想的是：该密封膜不是被使用者手动地移除，而是在封闭冲泡室8时被排放心轴16穿孔。在最高达20巴的压力下进入空腔100的制备液体与空腔100内的饮料物质101相互作用，由此形成饮料。随后，饮料流经过滤元件7和出口开口20从定份胶囊1流出。有利地，尽管在最高达20巴的压力下操作冲泡室8，在此通过新型过滤元件7有效地避免了浮沫的形成。当开孔时，过滤元件可能被开孔和/或刺穿。此外，所述过滤元件可能通过开孔心轴从定份胶囊的底部上凸起(具体地可能在中心凸起)，其中，过滤元件的周边保持在该定份胶囊的底部上。
图3示出了根据本发明的过滤元件的实施例。可以清楚的看到，所述过滤元件具有三个层201至202。层200面向饮料物质，而层202指向胶囊底部的方向。这两个外层200和202是由纺粘的非织造材料构成的并且优选是预制的。这两个层200和202优选被设置为不同的。在此情况下，第一层200是由聚丙烯构成的并且具有例如15g/m2的克重。在此情况下，第三层202是由聚酯构成的并且具有例如125g/m2的克重。这些层可以是经压延的，其中，可以设想点状式或结构式压延。
通过热空气纺纱(熔喷法)制作的非编织层位于这两个外层200和202之间。热空气纺纱(熔喷法)是直接由颗粒制成非织造材料的工艺。特殊纺纱法与高速热空气结合使用，以便制作具有不同结构的细纤维材料。在此情况下，在挤出机中熔化的聚丙烯颗粒通过泵被输送到喷嘴块中。在穿过喷嘴尖口排出时，所产生的聚合物线是通过工艺用热空气来定向的。所产生的微纤维非织造织物直接放置在外层200、202之一上以便制作三层式过滤元件。为此，在这种情况下，通过用于至少一个外层的、在喷嘴之前的退绕站和在该喷嘴之后的一个退绕站来升级熔喷设备。当两个外层冷却时，仍柔软的粘性中间层优选将这两个外层相连接。此外，压延机将这些外层与熔喷层相互连接，并且以机械的方式使所述层稳定化。所述压延可以是点状式和/或结构式压延。在此情况下，第一层201是由聚丙烯构成的并且具有例如15g/m2的克重。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于制作饮料的定份胶囊（1），该定份胶囊具有胶囊本体（2），该胶囊本体具有胶囊底部（3）和填充侧（4），其中，在该胶囊底部（3）与该填充侧（4）之间配置了用于接纳粉状或液体的饮料基质（101）的空腔（100），并且其中，在该饮料基质（101）与该胶囊底部（3）之间布置了过滤元件（7），其中，该过滤元件（7）被设置为分至少三个层，其特征在于，所述至少三个层包括第一层（200）、第二纤维层（201）和第三层（202），在所述第一层（200）和所述第三层（202）之间设置了通过热空气纺纱制成的第二纤维层（201）；其中，所述第一层（200）和/或该第三层（202）和/或整个该过滤元件是经压延的；
其中面向该饮料基质的该第一层（200）是由聚丙烯构成的并且具有15 g/m2的克重；
其中背离该饮料基质的该第三层（202）是由聚酯构成的并且具有125 g/m2的克重；
其中该第二纤维层（201）是非织造层，该非织造层具有在5 g/m2与50 g/m2之间的克重；
其中在200 Pa的压差下，该过滤元件的透气度为950 l/m2s至1150 l/m2s；
所述定份胶囊还包括液体分配器。
2.如权利要求1所述的定份胶囊（1），其特征在于，该第二纤维层（201）是由聚丙烯制成的。
3.如权利要求1所述的定份胶囊（1），其特征在于，该过滤元件的厚度为0.6 mm至1.0mm。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的定份胶囊（1）用于制作饮料的用途。
5.如权利要求4所述的用途，其特征在于，所述饮料为咖啡和/或茶饮料。
6.一种用于制作饮料的方法，其中，在第一步骤中，提供如权利要求1-3任一项所述的定份胶囊（1），其中，在第二步骤中，将该定份胶囊（1）放置到冲泡室（8）中，并且其中，在用于制作该饮料的第三步骤中，在最高达20巴的压力下将制备液体引导到该定份胶囊（1）中。
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BR112017025875A2 (pt) 2018-08-14
AU2016274658B2 (en) 2020-11-05
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RU2698516C2 (ru) 2019-08-28
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