CN107406957B - 包括局部加强的经涂覆的钢板的用于车辆的面板 - Google Patents
包括局部加强的经涂覆的钢板的用于车辆的面板 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包括局部加强的经涂覆的钢板的用于车辆的面板、一种用于制备该面板的方法以及该面板的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包括经涂覆的钢板的用于车辆的面板，所述钢板由贴片(patch)局部地加强。本发明特别地适用于汽车部件的制造。
背景技术
考虑到减轻车辆的重量，已知通过添加贴片来局部地加强钢板。因而，减小钢板的重量——即厚度——并且局部添加贴片来实现高的强度。钢板通常涂覆有金属涂层。然后，包括经涂覆的钢板的面板被涂漆。然而，在实际中，观察到已知的金属涂层可能在贴片的周围容易发生漆层层离(delamination)的问题。
实际上，水在漆层——例如电泳涂层——与贴片的边缘之间渗透。因而，形成在漆层下方的腐蚀产物致使贴片周围的漆层离隙。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用至少一个贴片局部地加强的用于车辆的面板，所述面板不具有在贴片周围层离的问题。
该目的通过提供根据权利要求1所述的局部加强的用于车辆的面板来实现。该面板还可以包括权利要求2至12的特征。
第二个目的通过提供根据权利要求13所述的用于制备用于车辆的面板的方法来实现。该方法还可以包括权利要求14至17的特征。
第三个目的通过提供根据权利要求18所述的所述面板的用于制造机动车辆的一部分的用途来实现。
本发明的其它特征及优点将通过下面对本发明的详细描述而变得明显。
附图说明
为了说明本发明，将对非限制性实施方式的各种实施方式和试验进行描述，特别地参照以下附图：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的另一实施方式的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的车辆的门的示意图。
在所有附图中，所示出的层厚度是通过说明给出的并且不可以被认为是层的尺度表示。
具体实施方式
将定义以下术语：
-电泳涂层包括电泳涂料和电泳漆沉积。
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的面板，该面板包括钢板1，该钢板1具有一个外表面1a和一个内表面1b。图1示出了一个实施方式，在该实施方式中，内表面涂覆有下述涂层2，该涂层2包含1.0％至6.0％重量的铝、0.5％至5.0％重量的镁——优选地1.0％至5.0％重量的镁、余量为锌和可选的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的添加元素，每种添加元素的重量含量低于0.3％重量，所述钢板由粘结至所述内表面1b的至少一个贴片3局部地加强。优选地，根据本发明的涂层被沉积在钢板的内表面和外表面上。
有利地，涂层包含1.0％至1.4％重量的铝、1.0％至1.4％重量的镁、余量为锌。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，涂层包含3.5％至3.9％重量的铝、2.3％至3.3％重量的镁，余量为锌。
涂层可以通过本领域中的技术人员已知的任何方法、例如热浸镀锌方法来沉积。在该方法中，将例如通过冷轧和热轧得到的钢板浸渍在熔融金属浴中。
该浴包含锌、镁和铝。该浴可以包含选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn，Sn，La，Ce，Cr，Zr或Bi的添加元素。这些添加元素可以改善延展性、涂层在钢板上的粘附性。该浴还可以含有来自进料锭的杂质或来自钢板浸渍在熔融浴中而夹带的杂质，比如含量高达0.5％重量且通常为0.1％至0.4％重量之间的铁。
浴温度在360℃至480℃之间、优选地在420℃至460℃之间。涂层的厚度通常低于或等于25μm。
在涂层沉积之后，例如，用喷嘴掠拭钢板以将气体喷射到经涂覆的钢板的两个侧面上。然后将经涂覆的钢板冷却。当仅涂覆内表面时，实施刷洗以除去沉积在外表面上的涂层。
优选地，在凝固开始与凝固结束之间的冷却速度高于或等于15℃.s-1。有利地，在凝固开始与凝固结束之间的冷却速度高于或等于20℃.s-1。
然后，可以实施调质轧制(skin-pass)并使经涂覆的钢板加工硬化，并且赋予该钢板粗糙度，以便于随后的成形。可以应用去油处理和表面处理以便改善例如粘附结合性或耐腐蚀性。
然后对经涂覆的钢板进行切割。在另一些实施方式中，在应用贴片之后或者在冲压之前、冲压期间或冲压之后切割经涂覆的钢板。
根据本发明，包括经涂覆的钢板的面板是使得钢板被粘结至钢板的内表面的至少一个贴片局部地加强。例如，贴片可以包括树脂层3a和无机材料层3b，所述树脂层与内表面的涂层相接触。
优选地，无机材料由玻璃纤维制成。树脂层优选地为泡沫材料例如环氧橡胶基材料。在一个优选的实施方式中，环氧橡胶基材料起胶合的作用。在另一优选的材料中，树脂层包括胶。例如，所述胶是环氧胶、弹性粘合剂、丁基橡胶胶或丙烯酸树脂。因而，优选地，将贴片粘贴在钢板的内表面上以局部地加强钢板。例如，贴片是
在优选的实施方式中，树脂层的杨氏模量在1MPa与200MPa之间，无机层的杨氏模量在1GPa与15GPa之间。在不希望受任何理论的束缚的情况下，已经发现，当杨氏模量高于这些值时，贴片产生表面缺陷的风险更大。当杨氏模量低于这些值时，存在贴片的加强强度降低的风险。
在另一实施方式中，贴片包括树脂层、优选地为泡沫材料，所述树脂层由无机材料加强。例如，无机材料由玻璃纤维或碳纤维制成。
面板的冲压在贴片的粘合之前或粘合之后实施。优选地，例如，冲压在之前通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法实现并用于外部面板。
图2示出了根据本发明的面板，该面板具有在贴片周围的磷酸盐层4和电泳涂层5，所述面板包括根据本发明的在两个表面上涂覆有涂层的钢板。为此，依次实现了磷酸盐化步骤和电泳涂覆步骤。优选地，贴片不具有磷酸盐层和电泳涂层，即在贴片之上不存在磷酸盐层和电泳涂层。
通过本领域中的技术人员已知的任何方法来实现改进漆料粘附性的磷酸盐化。通常地，磷酸盐层的厚度为1μm至2μm之间。
电泳涂覆步骤通过将面板浸入到含有例如含有来自PPG工业公司的颜料膏
W9712-N6和树脂混合物
W7911-N6的水溶液的浴中而在28℃至35℃之间的温度下持续120秒至180秒来实现。该溶液的pH优选地在5.5至5.8之间。应用200V至320V之间的电流。然后，擦拭面板并且将面板在炉中在160℃至180℃的温度下固化20分钟至35分钟。在固化期间，贴片的树脂层发泡并硬化。通常地，电泳涂层的厚度在15μm至25μm之间、优选地低于或等于20μm。
在电泳涂覆步骤之后，可以沉积其它漆层，例如打底漆层、底涂层和面涂层。
由此获得根据本发明的包含经涂覆的钢板的局部加强的面板。节省的重量相当大，原因在于所述面板实现为其中例如钢板的厚度在0.4mm至1.0mm之间、优选地在0.5mm至0.7mm之间。
根据本发明的面板可以是车辆的仪表板、内门板、外门板、车顶面板、车轮拱罩、车辆地板、内罩面板、外罩面板、挡泥板或车身侧面。
图3示出了包括外门板A和内门板B的车辆的门。包括经涂覆的钢板的外门板用根据本发明的贴片3局部地加强。内门板可以涂覆有根据本发明的涂层或锌涂层。锌涂层可以通过本领域中的技术人员已知的任何方法、例如通过热浸镀锌方法或电镀锌来进行沉积。
门板是车辆的非常容易受到贴片周围的漆层的层离问题的影响的一部分。实际上，存在于车辆玻璃上的水浸入到门的内部即内门板与外门板之间。与已知的金属涂层相比，根据本发明的面板实现了对贴片周围的层离的高的抵抗性。
另外，存在由于面板的薄的厚度致使贴片在经涂覆的面板上产生表面缺陷的重大风险。具体地，在外板的情况下，用户可以实现包括在霓虹灯室中观察面板的测试以便验证表面方面的质量。为此，面板可以用油膜覆盖以提高面板的反射率，并且将面板安置在平行的霓虹灯的斜面下方。表面缺陷被光带的不规则反射很好地突显出来。
根据本发明的面板具有良好的表面外观、也就是即使在霓虹灯下也没有表面缺陷，这是重要的用户标准。
现将通过仅为了提供信息而实施的试验来对本发明进行说明。所述试验不具有限制性。
示例
对于所有试验，使用的钢板为
和
钢
的组成如下：C＝0.0016％、S＝0.011％、N＝0.0025％、Mn＝0.2％、P＝0.014％、Si＝0.044％、Cu＝0.033％、Ni＝0.015％、Cr＝0.026％、Al＝0.032％、As＝0.002％、Mo＝0.004％、V＝0.002％、Sn＝0.0025％、Nb＝0.007％、Ti＝0.001％、B＝0.0028％、Zr<0.003％。
制备根据本发明的面板及各种面板并且进行层离试验。
试验1、试验2和试验3是根据本发明的面板。这些面板包括涂覆有包含3.7％重量的铝和3％重量的镁、余量为锌的涂层的钢板。在试验1、试验2和试验3中，涂层的厚度分别为6μm、7.5μm和10μm。涂层通过热浸镀锌方法来沉积。
试验4是包括涂覆有锌涂层的钢板的比较面板。厚度为7.5μm的锌涂层通过热浸镀锌方法来沉积。
试验5是另一个比较面板，其包括涂覆有锌涂层的钢板。厚度为7.5μm的锌涂层通过电镀锌方法来沉积。
针对所有试验，将经涂覆的钢板切割并随后进行冲压。之后，将贴片
RE-2000粘贴在经涂覆的钢板上。接着通过浸入到包含
24TA、
Add H7141、
H7102、
Add H7257、
Add H7101、
Add H7155的溶液的浴中、在50℃下持续3分钟来实现磷酸盐化步骤。然后，将面板用水擦拭并用热空气干燥。
沉积的一层20μm的电泳涂层是磷酸盐层。为此，将所有的试验品浸入到包含含有PPG工业公司的颜料膏W9712-N6和树脂混合物
W7911-N6的水溶液的浴中、在30℃下持续180秒。应用200V的电流。然后，将面板擦拭并且在炉中在180℃下固化35分钟。
然后，实施包括根据VDA 233-102规范的使面板经受腐蚀周期的试验。将试验品放入室中，在所述室中，1％重量的氯化钠的水溶液以3mL.h-1的流速在试验品上蒸发。温度在50℃至-15℃之间变化，并且湿度在50％至100％之间变化。图4示出了对应于168小时——即一周——的一个周期。
用裸眼观察贴片周围的层离的存在：0表示优异，换句话说，就是贴片周围很少层离或没有层离，并且5表示非常糟糕，换句话说，就是贴片周围有很多层离。
与包括镀锌钢板的面板相比，根据本发明的面板即使在25周的腐蚀周期之后仍在贴片周围没有层离或很少层离。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于车辆的面板，所述面板包括钢板(1)，所述钢板(1)具有一个外表面(1a)和一个内表面(1b)，其中，至少所述内表面涂覆有涂层(2)，所述涂层(2)包含1.0％至6.0％重量的铝、0.5％至5.0％重量的镁、余量为锌和可选的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的添加元素，每种所述添加元素的重量含量低于0.3％重量，所述钢板由粘结至所述内表面(1b)的至少一个贴片(3)局部地加强，所述贴片包括树脂层(3a)和无机材料层(3b)，所述树脂层与所述内表面的所述涂层(2)相接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中，所述涂层(2)包含1.0％至1.4％重量的铝、1.0％至1.4％重量的镁、余量为锌和可选的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的添加元素，每种所述添加元素的重量含量低于0.3％重量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中，所述涂层(2)包含3.5％至3.9％重量的铝、2.3％至3.3％重量的镁、余量为锌和可选的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的添加元素，每种所述添加元素的重量含量低于0.3％重量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中，所述树脂层(3a)的杨氏模量在1MPa与200MPa之间，并且所述无机层(3b)的杨氏模量在1GPa与15GPa之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的面板，其中，所述无机材料层(3b)由玻璃纤维制成，并且所述树脂层(3a)是泡沫材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的面板，其中，所述树脂层(3a)是环氧橡胶基材料。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的面板，其中，所述树脂层(3a)包括胶。
8.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的面板，其中，所述外表面(1a)和所述内表面(1b)还包括在所述贴片周围的磷酸盐层(4)和电泳涂层(5)。
9.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的面板，所述面板为车辆的仪表板、内门板、外门板、车顶面板、车轮拱罩、车辆地板、内罩面板、外罩面板、挡泥板或车身侧面。
10.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的面板，其中，所述钢板的厚度在0.4mm至1.0mm之间。
11.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的面板，其中，所述钢板的厚度为0.5mm至0.7mm。
12.一种用于制备用于车辆的面板的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤A：提供下述钢板，所述钢板的至少内表面涂覆有涂层，所述涂层包含1.0％至6.0％重量的铝、0.5％至5.0％重量的镁、余量为锌和可选的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的添加元素，每种所述添加元素的重量含量低于0.3％重量，
步骤B：将至少一个贴片应用到从步骤A获得的经涂覆的钢板上，所述贴片包括树脂层(3a)和无机材料层(3b)，所述树脂层与所述内表面的所述涂层(2)相接触；以及
步骤C：冲压，所述冲压在步骤B之前或步骤B之后。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
步骤D：磷酸盐化步骤；以及
步骤E：电泳涂覆步骤。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其中，在步骤B之前或步骤B之后或者在步骤C之前、步骤C期间或步骤C之后切割所述经涂覆的钢板。
15.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其中，在步骤B期间，将所述贴片粘贴在所述经涂覆的钢板上。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，在炉中在160℃至180℃之间的温度下持续20分钟至35分钟来执行步骤E。
17.根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的面板或根据权利要求12至16中的任一项所述的方法能够获得的面板的用于制造机动车辆的一部分的用途。
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| UA112663C2 (uk) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-10-10 | Арселормітталь Інвестігасіон І Десаррольо, С.Л. | Легкі сталеві двері для транспортного засобу і спосіб для їх виготовлення |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MA41852B1 (fr) | 2023-11-30 |
| ES2967887T3 (es) | 2024-05-06 |
| KR101954562B1 (ko) | 2019-03-05 |
| WO2016156896A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
| EP3277860A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
| JP7076514B2 (ja) | 2022-05-27 |
| MX2017012424A (es) | 2018-01-26 |
| HUE064096T2 (hu) | 2024-02-28 |
| MA41852A (fr) | 2018-02-06 |
| JP2018517838A (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
| RU2677557C1 (ru) | 2019-01-17 |
| US11312212B2 (en) | 2022-04-26 |
| EP3277860B1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
| CN107406957A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
| CA2981567A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
| FI3277860T3 (fi) | 2023-12-12 |
| BR112017018507A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
| UA119603C2 (uk) | 2019-07-10 |
| WO2016156959A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
| KR20170113623A (ko) | 2017-10-12 |
| ZA201705399B (en) | 2019-06-26 |
| PL3277860T3 (pl) | 2024-02-19 |
| CA2981567C (en) | 2021-02-16 |
| JP2021021141A (ja) | 2021-02-18 |
| US20180118000A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
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