CN106538346B - Tree planting machine and application thereof - Google Patents
Tree planting machine and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538346B CN106538346B CN201611123896.8A CN201611123896A CN106538346B CN 106538346 B CN106538346 B CN 106538346B CN 201611123896 A CN201611123896 A CN 201611123896A CN 106538346 B CN106538346 B CN 106538346B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tree planter and application thereof, comprising a tractor, wherein the front part of the tractor is provided with a pit digging mechanism for digging out a tree pit for planting a tree seedling; a seedling taking mechanism is arranged in the middle of the tractor, a seedling box for storing the seedlings is arranged on one side of the tractor, and the seedling taking mechanism is used for taking out the seedlings in the seedling box and placing the seedlings in the dug tree pits; and a pushing mechanism is arranged at the tail part of the tractor and used for pushing soil into the tree pit with the tree seedling and compacting the soil. The tree planter integrates the whole tree planting process, and can complete continuous operation once and realize continuous operation from digging pit, placing seedling to filling soil and compacting, thereby completely replacing the traditional manual tree planting, improving the working efficiency and saving manpower and material resources. The row spacing of the planted trees can be adjusted to adapt to the tree planting requirements of different trees on the row spacing, the operation process is more in line with the actual requirements, the practicability is strong, the effect is obvious, and the effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tree planter and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of garden engineering machinery.
Background
Greening is an air freshener, the greening area needs to be continuously enlarged in areas with serious atmospheric pollution, most of frequently-adopted tree planting modes are manual pit digging, seedling placing and soil filling, excessive manpower and material resources are consumed, and the efficiency is low.
At present, some mechanical tree planting devices appear in the market, and can replace the traditional manual tree planting mode to a certain extent. For example, chinese patent document CN2719017Y discloses an automatic tree planting vehicle, which comprises a vehicle power takeoff, a digging mechanism, a soil covering plate, a compacting block and a hydraulic system, wherein the digging mechanism is composed of a drill bit and a spline shaft sleeved with a bevel gear, one end of the spline shaft with a spline is connected with the drill bit, and the other end is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic system through a flange; the output shaft of the vehicle power takeoff is provided with a bevel gear which is matched with the bevel gear of the spline shaft; the output shaft of the vehicle power takeoff is also connected with a hydraulic system through a hydraulic pump; the hydraulic system is connected with the soil covering plate and the compaction block. However, the automatic tree planting vehicle does not realize the automatic tree seedling taking and planting process, does not realize the automation of the whole tree planting process, and cannot be a real full-automatic tree planting machine.
Chinese patent document CN204090484U discloses a tree planting vehicle capable of automatically digging and watering, which comprises a vehicle plate, rollers, a seedling storage chamber, a digging mechanism and a watering mechanism, wherein the digging mechanism is a screw rod with a screw cutter head, an opening is arranged right below the screw cutter head, the screw rod is controlled by a motor, and the motor is controlled by a cylinder; the watering mechanism comprises a watering tank and a cylinder body communicated with the watering tank, a first sealing cover is arranged at the communication position of the cylinder body and the water tank, a piston capable of lifting along the vertical direction is further arranged in the cylinder body, the piston is provided with a through hole, a second sealing cover is arranged on the upper surface of the piston, the upper side of the piston is connected with a connecting rod, a water inlet is further formed in the water tank, a water outlet pipe is connected to one side of the cylinder body, and the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe is located on the upper side of an opening. This tree planting car can water to the hole the inside automatically after digging the hole, but this tree planting car can't carry out the filling and compaction after planting the sapling, can only replace partial artifical tree planting process.
Generally, the tree planting machinery on the market mostly belongs to supplementary mechanical facilities, can replace partial process in artifical tree planting process, but also has a lot of problems:
1. the existing tree planting machine cannot complete the complete tree planting work; the disadvantages are as follows: the secondary operation still needs to be carried out manually.
2. The existing earth boring machine has two main forms: (1) adopting a ditching mode (2) and adopting an auger rod type; the disadvantages are that: if the ditching type mechanical drive which needs larger power is adopted, the ditching type mechanical drive is not suitable for larger trees; if the auger rod type is adopted, the small-sized gasoline internal combustion engine is adopted for driving, and the large-sized tractor is adopted for driving the transmission shaft for driving, the rotating speed is difficult to control, and the soil can be thrown to the ground far away and is difficult to backfill.
3. The existing pit digging mechanism is small-sized and manually moved, and large-sized pit digging mechanism is hung on a high-power tractor; the disadvantages are as follows: the small tree pit is high in labor intensity and difficult to control line spacing, tree pit arrangement is difficult to realize linear arrangement, and the depth is difficult to control; the large size is because the tractor is running, the steering wheel may deviate due to the uneven road surface, and the running distance is hard to guarantee because the vehicle is controlled by people when running and stopping.
4. Most of the existing seedling taking mechanisms are only suitable for small-sized seedlings or large-sized seedlings. The disadvantages are as follows: the application range is smaller.
5. The existing seedling taking mechanism is only fixed on a platform which can only rotate; the disadvantages are as follows: the tree planting machine is difficult to be suitable for trees with different requirements between rows, and the saplings cannot be vertically placed in tree pits, so that the next station can not be operated through the tree planting machine.
6. The existing soil filling mechanisms are few, and the soil is filled back through two guide plates by using the soil filling mechanisms which are suitable for the trenching type digging machine; the disadvantages are as follows: the root of the sapling cannot be guaranteed to be completely covered by the soil.
7. The existing tree planting machine can not compact the backfilled soil; the disadvantages are as follows: the problem of blowing down trees due to wind can occur when the soil is not compacted.
8. The working platform of the existing tree planter is fixed on the whole vehicle, and the working platform can not move transversely and longitudinally; the disadvantages are as follows: the requirement of different trees on the row spacing cannot be met because the transverse and longitudinal movement cannot be realized.
9. The downward digging speed of the existing digging mechanism is difficult to control; the disadvantages are as follows: the driving mechanism is over-planted and damages the machine due to the fact that the downward moving speed of the digging part is too high.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a full-automatic tree planter to achieve unmanned operation of the whole tree planting process, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the tree planting effect and the tree planting efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a full-automatic hydraulic tree planter which can completely replace manual tree planting and can greatly improve the tree planting efficiency and the tree planting effect.
The invention also provides a working method of the tree planting machine.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tree planter comprises a tractor and is characterized in that,
a pit digging mechanism is arranged at the front part of the tractor and is used for digging out a tree pit for planting the tree seedling;
a seedling taking mechanism is arranged in the middle of the tractor, a seedling box for storing the seedlings is arranged on one side of the tractor, and the seedling taking mechanism is used for taking out the seedlings in the seedling box and placing the seedlings in the dug tree pits;
and a pushing mechanism is arranged at the tail part of the tractor and used for pushing soil into the tree pit with the tree seedling and compacting the soil.
Preferably, the pit digging mechanism comprises a translation device, a lifting device and a digging device, wherein the translation device is arranged on the tractor, the lifting device is connected with the translation device, and the bottom of the lifting device is connected with the digging device through a first platform.
Preferably, the translation device comprises a first servo motor, a first worm and gear transmission device, a first lead screw, a first guide rail and a first sliding plate, wherein the first guide rail is installed on the tractor, two ends of the first lead screw are installed on the first guide rail, the first servo motor is in transmission connection with one end of the first lead screw through the first worm and gear transmission device, and the first sliding plate is in threaded connection with the first lead screw and moves by means of the first guide rail.
Preferably, the lifting device comprises a first hydraulic telescopic cylinder, a first guide sliding rod and a first guide block, a cylinder body of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder is installed on a first sliding plate, a piston rod of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder is connected with a first platform, the first guide block is installed on the first sliding plate, and the first guide sliding rod is connected with the first guide block in a sliding manner and the bottom end of the first guide sliding rod is connected with the first platform. The advantage of this design lies in, through increasing first direction slide bar and first guide block, can guarantee that first hydraulic telescoping cylinder drives first platform about the lift in-process and excavating gear is at the stability of excavation in-process.
Preferably, the excavating device comprises a hydraulic motor, a worm and gear reducer and a spiral drill rod, wherein the hydraulic motor and the worm and gear reducer are both arranged on the first platform, the hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the worm and gear reducer, and the worm and gear reducer is connected with the spiral drill rod. The advantage of this design lies in, selects for use hydraulic motor and worm gear reduction gear's power combination, drives the auger stem rotation and cooperates elevating gear to realize that auger stem is rotatory limit and pit downwards, and this set of power combination power is powerful and stability is good to the maintenance in easy later stage.
Preferably, get seedling mechanism including getting seedling manipulator, rotary platform, second slide, second guide rail, second lead screw, second servo motor and second worm gear transmission, wherein the both ends of second guide rail slide and set up in the tractor both sides, the both ends of second lead screw are installed on the second guide rail, second servo motor passes through the one end transmission of second worm gear transmission with the second lead screw and is connected, get seedling manipulator setting on rotary platform, rotary platform installs on the second slide, the second slide with second lead screw threaded connection and with the help of the second guide rail removal.
Preferably, the pushing and pressing mechanism comprises a rotating disc, a third sliding plate, a third lead screw, a third guide rail, a third servo motor, a third worm and gear transmission device, a hydraulic mechanical arm, a bulldozing device and a compacting device, wherein two ends of the third guide rail are arranged on two sides of the tractor in a sliding mode, two ends of the third lead screw are arranged on the third guide rail, the third servo motor is in transmission connection with one end of the third lead screw through the third worm and gear transmission device, the third sliding plate is in threaded connection with the third lead screw and moves through the third guide rail, the third sliding plate is symmetrically provided with two rotating discs, the hydraulic mechanical arm is arranged on the rotating discs, and the hydraulic mechanical arm is connected with the bulldozing device and the compacting device.
Preferably, bulldoze the device including bulldozing the main part, bulldozing the board, ejector pad and second hydraulic pressure telescopic cylinder, wherein the upper end of bulldozing the main part is equipped with the gallows, and the outside of bulldozing the board is connected with the bottom of bulldozing the main part through the round pin, and the inboard top of bulldozing the board is connected with ejector pad one side through the spring, and the top of ejector pad is articulated with the gallows, and the cylinder body and the gallows of second hydraulic pressure telescopic cylinder are connected, and the piston rod of second hydraulic pressure telescopic cylinder is articulated on one side of the ejector pad. The advantage of this design lies in, provides power drive ejector pad through the second hydraulic telescoping cylinder, and the ejector pad drives the bull-dozer board and realizes that the bull-dozer board bulldozes to the inboard, finally accomplishes the filling soil to the tree pit of planting the sapling.
Preferably, the bulldozing body is in a shape of a semicircular table, two layers of bulldozing plates are arranged in the bulldozing body, and each layer of bulldozing plate is formed by sequentially arranging a plurality of bulldozing plates. The advantage of this design lies in, bulldozes the main part and designs into half circular platform shape and set up two-layer bulldozing plate in bulldozing the main part, can effectively gather together soil and impel the tree hole in, reduces and leaks soil, realizes once bulldozing can fill up the tree hole.
Further preferably, the two layers of bulldozer plates are arranged in a staggered manner. The advantage of this design lies in, bulldozing the board and being the dislocation set, reducible soil is leaked from between two bulldozing boards.
Preferably, the compaction device comprises a soil compacting plate, a second guide slide bar, a second guide block and a third hydraulic telescopic cylinder, the top end of the second guide slide bar is fixedly connected with the hanging bracket, the second guide block is slidably arranged on the second guide slide bar, the bottom end of the second guide block is connected with the soil compacting plate, a cylinder body of the third hydraulic telescopic cylinder is hinged with the hanging bracket, and a piston rod of the third hydraulic telescopic cylinder is hinged with the soil compacting plate.
Preferably, the tractor is a crawler tractor. The advantage of this design lies in, adopts crawler-type tractor can improve the adaptability of tree planter to the topography, also is convenient for guarantee simultaneously that tractor walking path is the straight line, guarantees the straightness nature of planting trees.
Preferably, the tractor is provided with an intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system is electrically connected with the pit digging mechanism, the seedling taking mechanism and the pushing and pressing mechanism and is used for realizing programmed operation.
A working method of a tree planter comprises the following steps,
(1) before the tree planter starts to work, a tree planting program is input into the intelligent control system, wherein the tree planting program comprises a line spacing parameter, a tree pit depth parameter and a filling radius parameter;
(2) starting the tree planter, driving the tractor by a driver, digging out tree pits by the digging device according to the set tree pit depth parameters by the digging mechanism, after one tree pit is dug out, moving the digging mechanism by the translation device according to the set line spacing parameters to drive the digging device to move the next tree pit position, and then digging out the next tree pit by the digging device according to the tree pit depth parameters;
(3) after the row of tree pits are dug out, a driver drives the tractor to move forwards, and the row of tree pits are dug out in sequence according to the method in the step (2);
(4) when a row of tree pits appear behind the tractor, the seedling taking mechanism starts to start operation, the seedling taking manipulator takes out the tree seedlings from the seedling box and then puts the tree seedlings into the tree pits, and then the pushing mechanism starts to push soil into the tree pits and compact the soil;
(5) and (4) moving the seedling taking mechanism according to the line spacing in sequence, putting the seedlings into a row of tree pits according to the method in the step (4), pushing soil into the tree pits through a pushing mechanism and compacting the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tree planter integrates the whole tree planting process, can complete continuous operation once and realize continuous operation from digging a pit, placing seedlings to filling soil and compacting by utilizing the tree planter, can completely replace the traditional manual tree planting, improves the working efficiency and saves manpower and material resources.
2. The tree planter is different from tree planting equipment on the market, can transversely move to dig pits, can longitudinally and transversely move to put seedlings, and can transversely and longitudinally move to fill soil and compact the mechanism, and can adjust the row spacing of the tree planting to adapt to the tree planting requirements of different trees on the row spacing, thereby being more in line with practical requirements and having strong practicability.
3. The tree planter has high automation degree, can realize unmanned operation in the tree planting process, has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, capability of meeting different planting requirements and the like, has obvious effect and obvious effect, has good economic value and market benefit, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the tree planter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a digging mechanism in the tree planting machine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a seedling picking mechanism of the tree planter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pushing mechanism in the tree planter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a pushing mechanism of the tree planter of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view II of the pushing mechanism of the tree planter according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a pit digging mechanism; 101. a first platform; 102. a first slide plate; 103. a first guide slide bar; 104. a first guide block; 105. a first hydraulic telescoping cylinder; 106. a hydraulic motor; 107. a worm gear reducer; 108. a auger stem; 109. a first servo motor; 110. a first worm gear; 111. a first lead screw; 112. a first guide rail; 2. a seedling taking mechanism; 201. rotating the platform; 202. a second slide plate; 203. a second guide rail; 204. a second lead screw; 205. a second servo motor; 206. a second worm gear; 207. a seedling taking manipulator; 208. a first track; 3. a pushing mechanism; 301. a dozing device; 302. rotating the disc; 303. a third slide plate; 304. a third guide rail; 305. a third lead screw; 306. a third worm gear; 307. a second track; 4. a vehicle body; 5. a crawler belt; 6. a cab; 7. a third hydraulic telescopic cylinder; 8. a bulldozer body; 9. a push block; 10. a second hydraulic telescopic cylinder; 11. a second guide slide bar; 12. a bulldozer plate; 13. a second guide block; 14. pressing a soil plate; 15. a pin; 16. a bulldozer lug boss; 17. a push block boss; 18. an outer bulldozer panel; 19. an inner bulldozer blade; 20. a spring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described by way of examples, but not limited thereto, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a tree planter, which includes a tractor, a cab 6 of the tractor is located at the left front of a vehicle body 4, a driver drives the tractor to move forward and can observe the tree planting condition, and the tractor in the present embodiment is a crawler tractor.
A digging mechanism 1 is arranged at the front part of the tractor and is used for digging out a tree pit for planting the sapling;
a seedling taking mechanism 2 is arranged in the middle of the tractor, a seedling box for storing the seedlings is arranged on one side of the tractor, the seedling box is positioned on the right side of the cab 6 and in front of the seedling taking mechanism 2, and the seedling taking mechanism 2 is used for taking out the seedlings in the seedling box and placing the seedlings in a dug tree pit; a plurality of saplings can be placed in the seedling box, and continuous large-area operation is facilitated.
The tail part of the tractor is provided with a pushing mechanism 3 which is used for pushing soil back into the tree pit with the tree seedling and compacting the soil.
Wherein, digging mechanism 1 includes translation device, elevating gear and excavating gear, and wherein translation device sets up at the tractor front end, and elevating gear is connected with translation device, and excavating gear is connected through first platform in elevating gear's bottom.
The translation device comprises a first servo motor 109, a first worm gear 110, a first lead screw 111, a first guide rail 112 and a first sliding plate 102, wherein the first guide rail 112 is mounted at the front end of the vehicle body 4, two ends of the first lead screw 111 are mounted on the first guide rail 112, the first servo motor 109 is in transmission connection with one end of the first lead screw 111 through the first worm gear 110, a slider is arranged at the bottom end of the first sliding plate 102, and the first sliding plate 102 is in threaded connection with the first lead screw 111 through the slider at the bottom end and moves through the first guide rail 112 (the first guide rail plays a role in assisting the movement of the first sliding plate and keeps stability of the first sliding plate in the moving process).
The lifting device comprises a first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 105, a first guide slide bar 103 and a first guide block 104, wherein a cylinder body of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 105 is installed on a first sliding plate 102, a piston rod of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 105 is connected with a first platform 101, the first guide block 104 is installed on the first sliding plate 102, the first guide slide bar 103 penetrates through the first guide block 104 and is in sliding connection with the first guide block 104, and the bottom end of the first guide slide bar 103 is connected with the first platform 101. By adding the first guide slide bar 103 and the first guide block 104, the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 105 can drive the first platform 101 to move up and down during the lifting process and the stability of the excavating device during the excavating process can be ensured.
The excavating device comprises a hydraulic motor 106, a worm gear reducer 107 and a spiral drill rod 108, wherein the hydraulic motor 106 and the worm gear reducer 107 are both installed on the first platform 101, the hydraulic motor 106 is in transmission connection with the worm gear reducer 107, and the worm gear reducer 107 is connected with the spiral drill rod 108. The power combination of the hydraulic motor and the worm gear reducer is selected to drive the spiral drill rod to rotate and is matched with the lifting device to realize that the spiral drill rod rotates and digs the pit downwards, and the set of power combination has strong power and good stability and is easy to maintain in the later period. The spiral drill rod adopts a series design, and different types of spiral drill rods can be selected according to the trunk diameters of different saplings.
The seedling taking mechanism comprises a seedling taking manipulator 207, a rotating platform 201, a second sliding plate 202, a second guide rail 203, a second lead screw 204, a second servo motor 205 and a second worm and gear transmission device 206, wherein two ends of the second guide rail 203 are slidably arranged on first tracks 208 on two sides of the tractor, two ends of the second lead screw 204 are arranged on the second guide rail 203, the second servo motor 205 is in transmission connection with one end of the second lead screw 204 through the second worm and gear transmission device 206, the seedling taking manipulator 207 is arranged on the rotating platform 201, the rotating platform 201 is arranged on the second sliding plate 202 and can rotate 180 degrees on the second sliding plate, a sliding block is arranged at the bottom end of the second sliding plate 202, and the second sliding plate 202 is in threaded connection with the second lead screw 204 through the sliding block and moves through the second guide rail 203 (the second guide rail plays a role in assisting the movement of the second sliding plate). Get seedling manipulator and be hydraulic drive, can effectively snatch the sapling of seedling incasement, realize getting seedling manipulator's position through rotary platform and shift, get seedling manipulator by getting seedling manipulator and after the seedling is got out to the anterior seedling incasement of automobile body, the rotatory seedling manipulator of getting carries out planting of sapling to automobile body afterbody.
Wherein, the pushing mechanism 3 comprises a rotating disc 302, a third sliding plate 303, a third lead screw 305, a third guide rail 304, a third servo motor (not shown in the figure), a third worm gear transmission 306, a hydraulic mechanical arm, a bulldozing device 301 and a compacting device, wherein two ends of the third guide rail 304 are slidably arranged on second tracks 307 at two sides of the tractor, two ends of the third lead screw 305 are arranged on the third guide rail 304, the third servo motor is in transmission connection with one end of the third lead screw 305 through the third worm gear transmission 306, a slider is arranged at the bottom end of the third sliding plate 303, the third sliding plate 303 is in threaded connection with the third lead screw 305 through the slider and moves through the third guide rail 304 (the third guide rail plays a role of assisting the third sliding plate to move), two rotating discs 302 are symmetrically arranged on the third sliding plate 303, the rotating disc 302 can rotate on the third sliding plate 303, the hydraulic mechanical arm is arranged on the rotating disc 302, the hydraulic mechanical arm is connected with the bulldozing device and the compacting device.
The bulldozing device comprises a bulldozing body 8, a bulldozing plate 12, a push block 9 and a second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 10, wherein a hanging bracket is arranged at the upper end of the bulldozing body 8, the outer side of the bulldozing plate 12 is connected with the bottom of the bulldozing body 8 through a pin 15, the top end of the inner side of the bulldozing plate 12 is connected with one side of the push block 9 through a spring 20, the top end of the push block 9 is hinged to the hanging bracket, a cylinder body of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 10 is connected with the hanging bracket, and a piston rod of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 10 is hinged to one side of the push block 9. The second hydraulic telescopic cylinder provides power to drive the push block, the push block drives the bulldozing plate to realize bulldozing of the bulldozing plate towards the inner side, and finally soil filling of tree pits where the tree seedlings are planted is completed.
The bulldozing body 8 is in a semicircular table shape, two layers of bulldozing plates are arranged in the bulldozing body 8, and each layer of bulldozing plates is formed by sequentially arranging 23 bulldozing plates. The main body of bulldozing designs into half circular platform shape and sets up two-layer bulldozing board in the main body of bulldozing, can effectively gather together soil and impel in the tree hole, reduces and leaks soil, realizes once bulldozing can fill up the tree hole.
The compaction device comprises a soil compacting plate 14, a second guide slide bar 11, a second guide block 13 and a third hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7, wherein the top end of the second guide slide bar 11 is fixedly connected with the hanging bracket, the second guide block 13 is arranged on the second guide slide bar 11 in a sliding mode, the bottom end of the second guide block 3 is connected with the soil compacting plate 14, the cylinder body of the third hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7 is hinged with the hanging bracket, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7 is hinged with the soil compacting plate 14. A circle of soil is left around the tree pit after the soil pushing device pushes soil, and then the backfilled soil is compacted through the soil compacting plate, so that pits are formed in the tree pit, and the tree is conveniently planted and then irrigated.
An intelligent control system is arranged in the tractor cab 6, and is electrically connected with the pit digging mechanism, the seedling taking mechanism and the pushing and pressing mechanism and used for realizing programmed operation. The core of the intelligent control system is an embedded single chip microcomputer, a tree planting program can be input in advance, the tree planting program can be modified according to different saplings and planting requirements, and automatic tree planting operation is achieved.
According to the technical scheme, the crawler tractor is powered by the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine provides power for the whole set of equipment. The crawler tractor can improve the adaptability of the tree planter to the terrain, the stability of the vehicle body in the tree planting process is good, the walking path of the tractor is straight, the linearity of tree planting is guaranteed, and the line spacing of the tree seedlings can be accurately adjusted. The tree planting machine is provided with a complete hydraulic system which provides hydraulic oil for a hydraulic device on the tree planting machine and guarantees normal operation of the hydraulic device.
Example 2:
a tree planter, having the structure as in embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the two layers of the dozer blades comprise an inner layer dozer blade 19 and an outer layer dozer blade 18, and the inner layer dozer blade 19 and the outer layer dozer blade 18 are arranged in a staggered mode. The inner and outer bulldozer boards are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the soil leakage between the two bulldozer boards can be reduced.
Example 3:
a method for operating a tree planter as described in embodiment 2, comprising the steps of,
(1) before the tree planter starts to work, a tree planting program is input into the intelligent control system, wherein the tree planting program comprises a line spacing parameter, a tree pit depth parameter and a filling radius parameter; then selecting a spiral drill rod 108 meeting the requirements, and putting the tree seedlings to be planted into the seedling box;
(2) starting the tree planter, driving a tractor by a driver, descending the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 105 by the pit digging mechanism according to the set tree pit depth parameter to drive the auger stem 108 to dig downwards and synchronously driving the auger stem 108 to rotate by the hydraulic motor 106, after digging out a tree pit, translating the pit digging mechanism by the first sliding plate 102 according to the set line spacing parameter to drive the auger stem 108 to move to the next tree pit position, and then digging out the next tree pit by the auger stem 108 according to the tree pit depth parameter;
(3) after the row of tree pits are dug out, a driver drives the tractor to move forwards, and the row of tree pits are dug out in sequence according to the method in the step (2);
(4) when a row of tree pits appear behind the vehicle body 4, the seedling taking mechanism 2 starts to operate, the seedling taking manipulator 207 takes out the seedlings from the seedling box, the seedlings are moved to the rear of the vehicle body 4 through the rotary platform 201, the seedling taking manipulator 207 puts the seedlings into the tree pits, then the pushing and pressing mechanism is started, the hydraulic mechanical arm rotates and expands according to the filling radius parameter through the rotary disk 302, the two soil pushing devices are folded to push the soil on the two sides of the seedlings into the tree pits, the soil on the inner sides of the soil pushing plates 12 is compacted through the operation of the soil pressing plates 14, a circle of soil is left on the periphery of the tree pits, and the subsequent irrigation is facilitated;
(5) and (4) moving the seedling taking mechanism and the pushing mechanism in sequence according to the line spacing, putting the seedlings into the row of tree pits according to the method in the step (4), pushing soil into the tree pits through the pushing mechanism and compacting the soil.
Claims (4)
1. A tree planter comprises a tractor and is characterized in that,
a pit digging mechanism is arranged at the front part of the tractor and is used for digging out a tree pit for planting the tree seedling;
a seedling taking mechanism is arranged in the middle of the tractor, a seedling box for storing the seedlings is arranged on one side of the tractor, and the seedling taking mechanism is used for taking out the seedlings in the seedling box and placing the seedlings in the dug tree pits;
a pushing mechanism is arranged at the tail part of the tractor and used for pushing soil into the tree pit with the tree seedling and compacting the soil;
the pushing and pressing mechanism comprises rotating discs, a third sliding plate, a third lead screw, a third guide rail, a third servo motor, a third worm and gear transmission device, a hydraulic mechanical arm, a bulldozing device and a compacting device, wherein two ends of the third guide rail are arranged on two sides of the tractor in a sliding mode, two ends of the third lead screw are arranged on the third guide rail, the third servo motor is in transmission connection with one end of the third lead screw through the third worm and gear transmission device, the third sliding plate is in threaded connection with the third lead screw and moves through the third guide rail, the third sliding plate is symmetrically provided with two rotating discs, the hydraulic mechanical arm is arranged on each rotating disc, and the hydraulic mechanical arm is connected with the bulldozing device and the compacting device;
the bulldozing device comprises a bulldozing main body, a bulldozing plate, a push block and a second hydraulic telescopic cylinder, wherein a hanging bracket is arranged at the upper end of the bulldozing main body, the outer side of the bulldozing plate is connected with the bottom of the bulldozing main body through a pin, the top end of the inner side of the bulldozing plate is connected with one side of the push block through a spring, the top end of the push block is hinged with the hanging bracket, a cylinder body of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder is connected with the hanging bracket, and a piston rod of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder is hinged with one side of the push block;
the bulldozing main body is in a semicircular table shape, two layers of bulldozing plates are arranged in the bulldozing main body, and each layer of bulldozing plate is defined by a plurality of bulldozing plates which are sequentially arranged;
the two layers of the bulldozer plates are arranged in a staggered manner;
the compaction device comprises a soil compacting plate, a second guide slide bar, a second guide block and a third hydraulic telescopic cylinder, wherein the top end of the second guide slide bar is fixedly connected with the hanging bracket, the second guide block is arranged on the second guide slide bar in a sliding manner, the bottom end of the second guide block is connected with the soil compacting plate, the cylinder body of the third hydraulic telescopic cylinder is hinged with the hanging bracket, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic telescopic cylinder is hinged with the soil compacting plate;
the tractor is provided with an intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system is electrically connected with the pit digging mechanism, the seedling taking mechanism and the pushing and pressing mechanism and is used for realizing programmed operation.
2. A tree planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said digging mechanism comprises a translation means, an elevator means and an excavating means, wherein the translation means is disposed on the tractor, the elevator means is connected to the translation means, and the bottom of the elevator means is connected to the excavating means through a first platform;
the translation device comprises a first servo motor, a first worm gear and worm transmission device, a first lead screw, a first guide rail and a first sliding plate, wherein the first guide rail is arranged on the tractor, two ends of the first lead screw are arranged on the first guide rail, the first servo motor is in transmission connection with one end of the first lead screw through the first worm gear and worm transmission device, and the first sliding plate is in threaded connection with the first lead screw and moves by means of the first guide rail;
the lifting device comprises a first hydraulic telescopic cylinder, a first guide sliding rod and a first guide block, wherein a cylinder body of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder is arranged on a first sliding plate, a piston rod of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder is connected with a first platform, the first guide block is arranged on the first sliding plate, the first guide sliding rod is connected with the first guide block in a sliding mode, and the bottom end of the first guide sliding rod is connected with the first platform;
the excavating device comprises a hydraulic motor, a worm and gear speed reducer and a spiral drill rod, wherein the hydraulic motor and the worm and gear speed reducer are both arranged on the first platform, the hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the worm and gear speed reducer, and the worm and gear speed reducer is connected with the spiral drill rod.
3. A tree planter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seedling taking mechanism comprises a seedling taking manipulator, a rotary platform, a second sliding plate, a second guide rail, a second lead screw, a second servo motor and a second worm and gear transmission device, wherein two ends of the second guide rail are slidably arranged at two sides of the tractor, two ends of the second lead screw are arranged on the second guide rail, the second servo motor is in transmission connection with one end of the second lead screw through the second worm and gear transmission device, the seedling taking manipulator is arranged on the rotary platform, the rotary platform is arranged on the second sliding plate, and the second sliding plate is in threaded connection with the second lead screw and moves by means of the second guide rail.
4. A method of operating a tree planter as claimed in claim 3, including the steps of,
(1) before the tree planter starts to work, a tree planting program is input into the intelligent control system, wherein the tree planting program comprises a line spacing parameter, a tree pit depth parameter and a filling radius parameter;
(2) starting the tree planter, driving the tractor by a driver, digging out tree pits by the digging device according to the set tree pit depth parameters by the digging mechanism, after one tree pit is dug out, moving the digging mechanism by the translation device according to the set line spacing parameters to drive the digging device to move the next tree pit position, and then digging out the next tree pit by the digging device according to the tree pit depth parameters;
(3) after the row of tree pits are dug out, a driver drives the tractor to move forwards, and the row of tree pits are dug out in sequence according to the method in the step (2);
(4) when a row of tree pits appear behind the tractor, the seedling taking mechanism starts to start operation, the seedling taking manipulator takes out the tree seedlings from the seedling box and then puts the tree seedlings into the tree pits, and then the pushing mechanism starts to push soil into the tree pits and compact the soil;
(5) and (5) moving the seedling taking mechanism according to the line spacing in sequence, putting the seedlings into a row of tree pits according to the method in the step (4), pushing soil into the tree pits through a pushing mechanism, and compacting.
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| CN201611123896.8A CN106538346B (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2016-12-08 | Tree planting machine and application thereof |
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| CN201611123896.8A CN106538346B (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2016-12-08 | Tree planting machine and application thereof |
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| CN106538346B true CN106538346B (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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