CN106472244B - hydraulically driven tree transplanter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulically driven tree transplanter. It is mainly composed of power assembly, traction mechanism, walking lifting assembly, tree digging shovel assembly, and digging chassis. The power assembly mainly includes fuel tank, hydraulic components, diesel engine, hydraulic crawler chassis, and hydraulic pump; the walking lifting assembly mainly includes traveling wheels, outriggers, and hydraulic cylinders; the tree digging shovel assembly mainly includes keel type arc blade, hydraulic cylinder , keel, self-lubricating track; excavation chassis mainly includes opening and closing bracket, annular bracket, turning hydraulic cylinder, screw fixing device, opening and closing hydraulic cylinder. The walking lift assembly and the excavating chassis together form the main body of the transplanter. The power assembly is connected to the main body of the transplanter through the traction mechanism to provide power for the movement of the transplanter and each execution hydraulic cylinder. The tree digging shovel assembly is installed on the excavator. on the chassis. The invention uses 6 arc-shaped tree digging shovels as digging components, the maximum transplanted tree trunk diameter at breast height is more than 20cm, and has soil ball digging, tree lifting and inter-forest transportation capabilities.

Description

hydraulically driven tree transplanter

technical field

The invention relates to a hydraulically driven tree transplanter, which is used for tree transplanting operations in nurseries and mountain areas, has soil ball excavation, tree lifting and inter-forest transport capabilities, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural and forestry machinery.

Background technique

Medium-thickness tree transplanters have huge application prospects and market potential. Many universities and enterprises have successively invested in the research and product development of key technologies for tree transplanting equipment. However, the existing tree transplanters have not been well applied in practice. In general, there are the following problems:

(1) Although large and medium-sized tree excavators can complete a series of transplanting operations such as excavation, pilling, handling, and planting, the equipment is large in size and weight, and has poor passability between forests, and the price is 10- About 300,000, which is difficult for general forest farms to bear. Because most of the garden nurseries in our country are converted from fields, there is no unified regional planning, high planting density, and lack of mechanical work roads. If you want to transplant trees in the forest or in the middle of the nursery, these tree excavators cannot enter the operation at all. In addition, the maximum size of the soil balls excavated by large and medium-sized tree excavators is more than 100 cm. For trees with a diameter of less than 100 cm, the transplanting cost will increase.

(2) The portable tree digger has the advantages of small device size, low cost, convenient operation, and can be used for tree digging operations in narrow spaces and mountains. However, the existing portable tree excavators still need manual hand-held operation (the weight of the machine is 15~20Kg), which is labor-intensive, low in operation efficiency, and poor in machine reliability. And other shortcomings, the portable tree excavator can not solve practical problems such as tree lifting and inter-forest transportation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The content of the present invention is to provide a hydraulically driven tree transplanter with low manufacturing cost, simple structure, reliable operation, time-saving and labor-saving.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

The invention includes a power assembly, a traction mechanism, a walking and lifting assembly, a tree digging shovel assembly, and a digging chassis. The four traveling lift assemblies and the excavation chassis together form the main body of the transplanter. The six tree excavation shovel assemblies are installed on the excavation chassis. The power assembly and the main body of the transplanter are connected by a traction mechanism, and two sets of independent travel systems are used. , The structure of the whole machine is simplified, and the traction power is provided by the hydraulic crawler, which increases the field passability.

The walking lifting assembly mainly includes walking wheels, outriggers and hydraulic cylinders, and adopts the integrated structure design of the walking wheel frame and the lifting mechanism. One fulcrum of the four traveling wheel frames is connected with the hydraulic cylinder piston, the other fulcrum is connected with the excavation chassis, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame. On the one hand, the traveling wheel frame can reciprocately rotate around the fixed fulcrum at a certain angle under the push of the hydraulic cylinder to drive the traveling wheels to open or close, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the excavation chassis. On the other hand, according to the different diameters of soil balls required by trees of different specifications and varieties, the height of the excavation chassis from the ground can be adjusted by controlling the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, so as to complete the transplanting operations of different soil ball diameters and depths.

The tree digging shovel assembly mainly includes a keel-type arc-shaped shovel blade, a hydraulic cylinder, a keel, and a self-lubricating track, and is installed on the digging chassis through a track connecting seat. The keel type arc shovel is to weld two keels on the inner side of the arc shovel, and arc grooves are opened on the keels in turn. It adopts the form of segmented excavation operation. The hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of half the excavation depth is installed on the inner side of the keel. The piston is sandwiched between two keels.

The excavation chassis mainly includes an opening and closing support, an annular support, a turning hydraulic cylinder, a screw fixing device, and an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder. The rear end of the excavation chassis is provided with two opening and closing brackets. Under the action of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, the opening and closing brackets can rotate around the fixed hinge point at a certain angle, so that the trees can enter or move out of the annular bracket. The annular bracket is equipped with a tree digging shovel. assembly. The excavation chassis is hinged on the walking lifting assembly, and can reciprocate between vertical and horizontal under the action of the overturning hydraulic cylinder.

The gain effect brought by the present invention is that the mechanized transplanting of trees is realized. (1) In terms of overall function, the transplanter can complete soil ball excavation, tree lifting, and inter-forest handling operations; (2) In terms of equipment development, the transplanter can adapt to the complex field operation environment and design the best excavation components. Provide sufficient power to ensure the reliability of the whole machine, reduce production costs, and improve the efficiency and survival rate of tree transplanting; (3) In actual use, the tree transplanter can enter the field and forest for operation, and should have good operability and Passability, ensure transplantation efficiency and reduce transplantation cost.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is a front view of the hydraulically driven tree transplanter when it travels.

Figure 2 is a view of the hydraulically driven tree transplanter.

Figure 3 is the front view of the hydraulically driven tree transplanter during operation.

Figure 4 is the tree digging shovel assembly.

In the figure: (1) Powertrain (2) Traction mechanism (3) Walking lift assembly (4) Tree digging shovel assembly (5) Excavating chassis (11) Hydraulic oil tank (12) Hydraulic components (13) Diesel engine (14) ) hydraulic crawler (15) hydraulic pump (21) traction mechanism (22) connecting rod (23) movable fulcrum (31) traveling wheel (32) outrigger (33) hydraulic cylinder (41) curved blade (42) hydraulic cylinder (43) keel (44) self-lubricating track (51) opening and closing bracket (52) annular bracket (53) overturning hydraulic cylinder (54) screw fixing device (55) opening and closing oil cylinder.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1, the hydraulically driven tree transplanter of the present invention includes a power assembly 1, a traction mechanism 2, a walking lifting assembly 3, a tree digging shovel assembly 4, and an excavating chassis 5. The four walking lifting assemblies and The excavation chassis together constitute the main body of the transplanter. 6 tree excavation shovel assemblies are installed on the excavation chassis. The power assembly and the main body of the transplanter are connected by a traction mechanism. Two sets of independent walking systems are adopted, which simplifies the overall structure. The traction power is provided by the hydraulic crawler, which increases the field passability.

As shown in Figure 2, the powertrain mainly includes hydraulic oil tank 11, hydraulic components 12, diesel engine 13, hydraulic track 14, and hydraulic pump 15; the excavation chassis mainly includes opening and closing bracket 51, annular bracket 52, overturning hydraulic cylinder 53, screw fixing Device 54 , opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 55 . The rear end of the excavation chassis is provided with 2 opening and closing brackets. Under the action of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, the opening and closing brackets can rotate around the fixed hinge point at a certain angle, so that the trees can enter or remove the ring brackets. The excavation chassis is hinged on the walking lifting assembly, and can reciprocate between vertical and horizontal under the action of the overturning hydraulic cylinder. There are 4 screw fixing devices on the excavation chassis. During the excavation operation, the hydraulic motor drives the screw rod to screw into the soil to realize the fixation of the main body of the transplanter.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the walking lifting assembly mainly includes walking wheels 31 , outriggers 32 , and hydraulic cylinders 33 , and adopts the integrated structure design of the walking wheel frame and the lifting mechanism. One fulcrum of the four traveling wheel frames is connected with the hydraulic cylinder piston, the other fulcrum is connected with the excavation chassis, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame. On the one hand, the traveling wheel frame can reciprocately rotate around the fixed fulcrum at a certain angle under the push of the hydraulic cylinder to drive the traveling wheels to open or close, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the excavation chassis.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the tree digging shovel assembly mainly includes a keel type arc-shaped shovel blade 41 , a hydraulic cylinder 42 , a keel 43 , and a self-lubricating track 44 , which are installed on the digging chassis through the track connecting seat. The keel type arc shovel has two keels welded to the inner side of the arc shovel, and arc grooves are opened on the keels in turn. The segmented excavation operation is adopted. The hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of half the excavation depth is installed on the inner side of the keel, and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is installed. sandwiched between two keels.

The working process of the present invention: the power assembly and the main body of the transplanter are connected by the traction mechanism 21 and the connecting rod 22, and the connection between the two is the movable fulcrum 23, and the power assembly provides the field walking power for the transplanter through the hydraulic crawler, The hydraulic cylinder provides the power for the transplanting operation through the hydraulic pump, hydraulic components and hydraulic oil circuit. After the transplanter arrives at the designated work site, the center of the ring support is aligned with the tree to be transplanted. First, the opening and closing support is opened by the opening and closing oil cylinder, so that the tree enters the ring support, and then the opening and closing support is closed. Then, unload the hydraulic cylinder piston in the walking lifting assembly, and under the action of the whole machine's gravity, it will drive the walking wheel frame to rotate around the fixed fulcrum at a certain angle to expand it so that the frame is lowered to the ground. At this time, the 4 screw fixing devices on the excavation chassis screw the screw rod into the soil to fix the main body of the transplanter. When ready, lock all hydraulic oil circuits except the hydraulic cylinder of the tree digging shovel, and the 6 arc-shaped tree digging shovels will excavate the soil ball in sections under the push of the hydraulic cylinder. After the excavation of the soil ball is completed, the screw rod is reversely rotated to release the fixing, and the hydraulic cylinder in the walking lifting assembly is pushed to make the walking wheel frame reversely rotate the same angle around the fixed fulcrum to complete the lifting of the tree. Finally, push the left and right hydraulic cylinders in the excavation chassis to make the ring support and the tree vertically turn 90 degrees to reduce its height, and then transport the tree to the machine-cultivation road by pulling the nose.

Claims (1)

1. Hydraulic drive tree transplanter, including power assembly, traction mechanism, walking lift assembly, tree digging shovel assembly, and digging chassis; it is characterized in that: four walking lifting assemblies and digging chassis together constitute the main body of the transplanter , Six tree digging shovel assemblies are installed on the excavation chassis, the power assembly and the transplanter body are connected through the traction mechanism, and two sets of independent walking systems are adopted, and the hydraulic crawler provides traction power, which increases the field passability; The walking lifting assembly mainly includes walking wheels, outriggers and hydraulic cylinders, and adopts the integrated structure design of the walking wheel frame and the lifting mechanism; one fulcrum of the four walking wheel frames is connected with the hydraulic cylinder piston, and the other fulcrum is connected with the excavation chassis. The other end of the cylinder is fixed on the frame; on the one hand, the traveling wheel frame can reciprocate around the fixed fulcrum by a certain angle under the push of the hydraulic cylinder to drive the traveling wheels to open or close, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the excavation chassis; on the other hand , According to the different diameters of soil balls required by trees of different specifications and varieties, the height of the excavation chassis from the ground can be adjusted by controlling the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, so as to complete the transplanting operations of different soil ball diameters and depths; The tree digging shovel assembly mainly includes a keel-type arc-shaped blade, a hydraulic cylinder and a keel, which are installed on the excavation chassis through a rail connecting seat; the keel-type arc-shaped blade is welded with two keels on the inner side of the arc shovel, and the keels are arranged in sequence on the keel. There is a circular arc groove, which adopts the form of segmented excavation. The hydraulic cylinder with a stroke of half the excavation depth is installed on the inner side of the keel, and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is clamped between the two keels; The excavation chassis mainly includes an opening and closing bracket, an annular bracket, a turning hydraulic cylinder, a screw fixing device, and an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder; the rear end of the excavation chassis is provided with two opening and closing brackets. Rotate a certain angle around the fixed hinge point, so that the tree can enter or move out of the ring support. The tree digging shovel assembly is installed on the ring support; the excavation chassis is hinged on the walking lifting assembly. There are four screw fixing devices on the excavation chassis. During the excavation operation, the hydraulic motor drives the screw rod to screw into the soil to realize the fixation of the main body of the transplanter; The transplanting process of the transplanter is as follows: After the transplanter arrives at the designated work site, the center of the ring support is aligned with the tree to be transplanted. First, the opening and closing support is opened by the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, so that the tree enters the ring support, and then the opening and closing support is closed; The hydraulic cylinder piston in the middle will drive the walking wheel frame to rotate around the fixed fulcrum at a certain angle under the action of the gravity of the whole machine to make the frame lower to the ground; at this time, the four screw fixing devices on the excavation chassis will screw the The rod is screwed into the soil to fix the main body of the transplanter; When ready, lock all the hydraulic oil circuits except the hydraulic cylinder of the tree digging shovel, and the six arc-shaped shovels will dig the soil ball in sections under the push of the hydraulic cylinder. Release the fixing, push the hydraulic cylinder in the walking lifting assembly to make the walking wheel frame reversely rotate the same angle around the fixed fulcrum to complete the lifting of the tree; Finally, push the left and right hydraulic cylinders in the excavation chassis to turn the ring support 90 degrees vertically with the tree to lower its height.

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