Crawler-type tree mover
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of live tree transplanting operation machinery of agricultural and forestry machinery, in particular to a crawler-type tree mover.
Background
Live tree transplantation in nursery is a routine work project for forest cultivation and garden planting. In order to ensure the survival rate of live tree transplantation and enhance the physiological recovery and growth vigor of the transplanted live tree, the soil of the original growing land of the stem part extension part of the live tree is dug when the live tree, especially the evergreen variety is transplanted and dug, and the soil is commonly called as 'soil ball' in the industry. The digging of the soil ball is usually carried out manually in production. In recent years, in order to get rid of the heavy and inefficient operation mode, corresponding special machines are developed internationally and domestically, and different mechanical devices are listed in succession; however, due to its various drawbacks, such as: functional performance defects, economic characteristic defects, operation condition constraints and the like, and no mainstream product is popularized and applied. After the initial search query, representative similar products in the products of the type on the market are three types: firstly, a shovel-type tree mover is excavated by a vehicle modification introduced abroad; the hydraulic shovel is characterized by high power, hydraulic transmission operation, embracing type digging shovel, shoveling, embracing, transporting and transplanting the live tree with soil balls, and the whole operation is completed by one machine; its advantages are high efficiency, wide working area and high traffic condition for truck. Secondly, the crawler-type tree mover introduced abroad is characterized in that the crawler-type tree mover is wide in environment application range, and the half-moon-shaped earth-digging shovel can cut off tree roots and form earth balls; the method has the defects that the width of a cut line for cutting the soil balls at the roots of the trees is small, the soil balls are difficult to pack conveniently according to the process requirements, the soil balls are easy to break, the survival rate of transplantation is influenced, and the price is high. Thirdly, the domestic developed hand-held tree mover has the structural characteristics of being deformed by a chain saw, light, low in price, suitable for the working environment with good soil quality and few impurities, and suitable for transplanting trees with small specifications; the defects are that the transplanting operation of the trees with larger specifications is difficult to adapt, and the safe reliability of the operation in the environment with slight impurities is reduced. The mechanical device is suitable for transplanting and digging operations with the diameter of a live tree rod of 8-30cm, is suitable for environments of hilly land and mountain nursery gardens and garden construction sites, can replace heavy physical labor, and can fill the blank of products of the type.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a full-automatic live tree transplanting and digging mechanical device, which can be applied to live tree transplanting and earth ball digging operation, replaces heavy physical work and is suitable for hilly and hilly mountain field nursery and garden site environments.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a crawler-type tree mover comprises a walking frame, a moving base, a portal type suspension support, a rotary support seat and a chain cutter assembly, wherein the moving base is connected with the walking frame in a sliding mode, the portal type suspension support assembly is fixedly connected with the moving base, the portal type suspension support comprises a portal support and an overhanging support, the overhanging support is connected with the portal support in a sliding mode, and the portal support is fixedly connected with the moving base; the rotary supporting seat comprises a supporting outer ring, the supporting outer ring is rotationally connected with the cantilever support, a supporting inner ring which is in sliding connection with the supporting outer ring is embedded in the supporting outer ring, circular-arc-shaped notches are respectively formed in the supporting outer ring and the supporting inner ring, meshing teeth are arranged on the outer side surface of the supporting inner ring, meshing windows which expose the meshing teeth are formed in the outer side surface of the supporting outer ring, and a screw rod adjusting seat is fixed on the lower end surface of the supporting inner ring; the chain cutter assembly comprises a cutter rest, a driving wheel, a driving chain and working cutters, wherein the driving wheel is arranged at two ends of the cutter rest, the driving chain is in meshing transmission with the driving wheel, and the working cutters are fixed on two sides of the driving chain.
Preferably, the working knives comprise straight knives, cutting knives and soil conveying knives, and the cutting knives, the soil conveying knives and the straight knives are sequentially and circularly arranged on two sides of the driving chain according to a period. The double rows of working knives are arranged on the two sides of the driving chain, so that the soil digging efficiency is improved; the cutting knife, the soil conveying knife and the straight knife are arranged in sequence and configured in a circulating manner, the cutting knife smashes soil outside the working knife, the straight knife smashes soil inside the working knife, the soil conveying knife carries out the smashed soil, and the cutting knife, the soil conveying knife and the straight knife are matched to complete soil excavation and removal; when meeting soil, stones, bricks and the like exist, and the stones and bricks with the diameter of less than 12cm can be cut by the cutter and taken out of the soil.
Preferably, the driving chain is provided with two compensating knives which are respectively fixed on two sides of the driving chain, and the minimum distance between the two compensating knives is smaller than the minimum distance between the two soil conveying knives. The clearance (minimum distance) between the two compensating knives is smaller than that of the soil conveying knife, so that the large tree roots generated by cutting can be further crushed, and the crushed tree roots can be conveyed out; the number of the compensation knives is far less than that of other working knives, so that the resistance of the chain knife assembly can be reduced while the tree roots are further crushed.
Preferably, the cantilever support is provided with a reinforcing cross beam, the reinforcing cross beam is provided with an adjusting oil cylinder, the support outer ring is provided with an adjusting seat, and two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder are respectively hinged with the adjusting seat and the reinforcing cross beam. Through the flexible of adjusting the hydro-cylinder, support the outer lane and can rotate around the support of encorbelmenting, make support the outer lane and guarantee the vertical state with trees all the time, when meetting to wait to excavate trees and ground not vertical growth, perhaps when excavating the ground that has a slope, can guarantee that the sword can cut out the complete conical soil ball of rule, can not hinder the root of trees, guarantees the survival rate of the trees after excavating.
Preferably, the tool guard is provided at an end of the tool holder. The cutter guard shield is installed at the end part of the cutter rest, when the tree mover works, a large amount of sandy soil is brought out by the working cutter, the sandy soil can splash along with the working cutter, the cutter guard shield is installed, the sandy soil can be kept off, dust is prevented from flying, the operation safety is guaranteed, and the operation environment is improved.
Preferably, a cutter adjusting screw is arranged in the screw adjusting seat, the cutter adjusting screw is rotatably connected with the cutter rest, and the cutter adjusting screw is slidably connected with the screw adjusting seat. The distance between the tool rest and the circle center of the supporting outer ring is adjusted by adjusting the tool adjusting screw rod, so that the size of the soil ball excavated by the working tool is adjusted; on the other hand, the distance from the tool rest to the center of the circle of the supporting outer ring can be adjusted according to different thicknesses of the excavated trees, so that the tree mover can excavate the trees with different thicknesses.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: the all-round adjustable function of this local work posture of digging for this local slope application scope to nursery or transplant the piece effectively enlarges, consequently, this local can be applicable to the hills land nursery and the living tree of environment such as ecological utilization of city corner piece of land and transplant the work of digging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention work knife;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the gantry suspension mount structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the support inner race of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the support collar of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the working knife of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a traveling rack 1, a moving base 2, a gantry support 3, a driving chain 30, a cutting knife 31, a soil conveying knife 33, a straight knife 32, a compensation knife 33, an overhanging support 4, a reinforcing beam 41, an adjusting oil cylinder 42, an adjusting seat 43, a supporting outer ring 5, a rolling bearing 51, a supporting inner ring 6, an arc-shaped notch 7, meshing teeth 8, a knife rest 91, a driving wheel 92, a screw adjusting seat 93, a knife shield 94 and a knife adjusting screw 95.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the crawler-type tree mover comprises a walking frame 1, a moving base 2, a portal suspension bracket, a rotary support seat and a chain cutter assembly, wherein the moving base 2 is slidably connected with the walking frame 1, the portal suspension bracket assembly is fixedly connected with the moving base 2, the portal suspension bracket comprises a portal bracket 3 and an overhanging bracket 4, the overhanging bracket 4 is slidably connected with the portal bracket 3, and the portal bracket 3 is fixedly connected with the moving base 2;
the slewing bearing comprises a supporting outer ring 5, a supporting outer ring 5 and an overhanging support 4 which are rotatably connected, wherein a supporting inner ring 6 which is slidably connected with the supporting outer ring 5 is embedded in the supporting outer ring 5, a rolling bearing 51 is fixed on the inner side surface of the supporting outer ring 5, and the supporting inner ring 6 is meshed with the rolling bearing 51. Circular-arc-shaped notches 7 are respectively formed in the supporting outer ring 5 and the supporting inner ring 6, meshing teeth 8 are arranged on the outer side surface of the supporting inner ring 6, meshing windows exposing the meshing teeth 8 are formed in the outer side surface of the supporting outer ring 5, and a screw adjusting seat 93 is fixed on the lower end surface of the supporting inner ring 6; in this embodiment, the opening angle of the circular arc notch 7 is 60 degrees. The meshing windows that set up on 5 lateral surfaces of support outer lane are two, are equipped with hydraulic motor on supporting outer lane 5, and hydraulic motor and retarder connection, the output of reduction gear is equipped with drive gear, drive gear through meshing window with support 6 meshes of inner circle, hydraulic motor rotates the revolution of chain cutter assembly round the trunk.
The chain cutter assembly comprises a cutter frame 91, a driving wheel 92, a driving chain 30 and working cutters, wherein the driving wheel is arranged at two ends of the cutter frame 91, the driving chain is in meshing transmission with the driving wheel 92, and the working cutters are fixed at two sides of the driving chain. The working knife comprises a cutting knife 31, a soil conveying knife 33 and a straight knife 32, the cutting knife 31, the soil conveying knife 33 and the straight knife 32 are sequentially and cyclically arranged on two sides of the driving chain according to a period, two compensating knives 34 are arranged on the driving chain, the two compensating knives are respectively fixed on two sides of the driving chain, and the minimum distance between the two compensating knives is smaller than the minimum distance between the two soil conveying knives; the cutting edges of the cutter 31 and the soil conveying cutter 33 face outwards to play a better role in loosening soil, the cutting edge of the working cutter is wider, the working resistance of the working cutter is reduced, and the double rows of working cutters are arranged on the two sides of the driving chain to improve the soil excavating efficiency; the cutter 31, the soil transfer cutter 33 and the straight cutter 32 are sequentially arranged and circularly configured, the cutter 31 breaks soil outside the working cutter, the straight cutter 32 breaks soil inside the working cutter, the soil transfer cutter 33 takes out the broken soil, and the cutter 31, the soil transfer cutter 33 and the straight cutter 32 are matched to complete soil excavation and removal; the clearance (minimum distance) between the two compensating knives is smaller than that of the soil conveying knife, so that the large tree roots generated by cutting can be further crushed, and the crushed tree roots can be conveyed out; the number of the compensation knives is far less than that of other working knives, so that the resistance of the chain knife assembly can be reduced while the tree roots are further crushed.
The cantilever support 4 is provided with a reinforcing cross beam 41, the adjusting oil cylinder 42 is directly hinged with the reinforcing cross beam 41, the support outer ring 5 is provided with an adjusting seat 43, and two ends of the adjusting hydraulic pump 42 are respectively hinged with the adjusting seat 43 and the reinforcing cross beam 41. Through the flexible of adjusting hydraulic pump 42, support outer lane 5 and can be rotatory around the support 4 of encorbelmenting, make support outer lane 5 remain the vertical state with the trunk all the time, when meetting to wait to excavate trees and ground not vertical growth, perhaps when excavating the ground that has a slope, can guarantee that the working knife can cut out the complete conical soil ball of rule, can not hinder and reach the root of trees, guarantees the survival rate of excavating back trees.
The tool holder end is provided with a tool guard 94. The cutter shield 94 is arranged at the end part of the cutter rest 91, when the excavator works, a large amount of sandy soil is brought out by the working cutter, the sandy soil can splash along with the working cutter, the cutter shield 94 is arranged to shield the sandy soil, dust is prevented from flying, operation safety is guaranteed, and the operation environment is improved.
A cutter adjusting screw 95 is arranged in the screw adjusting seat 93, the cutter adjusting screw 95 is rotatably connected with the tool rest 91, and the cutter adjusting screw 95 is slidably connected with the screw adjusting seat 93. The distance between the tool rest 91 and the circle center of the support outer ring 5 is adjusted by adjusting the tool adjusting screw 95, so that the size of soil balls excavated by the working tool is adjusted; on the other hand, the distance from the tool rest 91 to the center of the circle of the outer support ring 5 can be adjusted according to different thicknesses of the excavated trees, so that the tree mover can excavate the trees with different thicknesses.
During operation, the support inner ring 6 and the support outer ring 5 are coupled and rotated to the position where the arc-shaped opening 7 coincides, trees to be excavated are placed at the center of a circle of the rotary support seat, then the working knife rotates and rotates to a certain angle with the ground, the cantilever support 4 moves downwards on the gantry support 3 to drive the working knife to cut soil, and then the support inner ring 6 rotates to further drive the working knife to cut the soil.