CN106141918B - 基板的制备方法 - Google Patents

基板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106141918B
CN106141918B CN201610317737.5A CN201610317737A CN106141918B CN 106141918 B CN106141918 B CN 106141918B CN 201610317737 A CN201610317737 A CN 201610317737A CN 106141918 B CN106141918 B CN 106141918B
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polishing
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松井晴信
原田大实
竹内正树
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B24B37/105Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces characterised by the movement of the work or lapping tool for single side lapping the workpieces or work carriers being actively moved by a drive, e.g. in a combined rotary and translatory movement
    • B24B37/107Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces characterised by the movement of the work or lapping tool for single side lapping the workpieces or work carriers being actively moved by a drive, e.g. in a combined rotary and translatory movement in a rotary movement only, about an axis being stationary during lapping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
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    • B24B37/34Accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
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    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
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    • B24B7/20Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B7/228Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding thin, brittle parts, e.g. semiconductors, wafers
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Abstract

本发明涉及基板的制备方法。本发明提出基板的制备方法、特别是合成石英玻璃的基板的制备方法,同时使基板表面免于致命性缺陷而没有采取任何大规模装置和精密抛光板,由此与用常规设施制备相比,进一步减少缺陷和改善收率。通过抛光制备基板的方法,包括如下步骤:将基板原料各自放入下抛光板上的载体中形成的加工孔中;使上抛光板接触所述基板原料的表面,所述基板原料的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液并且使所述下抛光板旋转;和使所述上抛光板和下抛光板旋转,所述基板原料的表面伴有抛光浆料。

Description

基板的制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本非临时申请在35U.S.C.§119(a)的规定下要求分别于2015年5月13日和2015年6月5日在日本提交的专利申请No.2015-098267和2015-114759的优先权,由此通过引用将其全部内容并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及特别是覆盖光掩模、光学传感器、测序仪芯片等的高科技工业中采用的合成石英玻璃的基板的制备方法。
背景技术
将精密仪器与器件例如采用包括光刻法或纳米压印的方法制备的半导体集成电路结合。强烈要求该方法生产在其表面上尽可能无缺陷的基板。例如用作光刻法中曝光用原板的掩蔽基板上的任何缺陷会被转印以引起有缺陷的图案化。
上述基板的厚度根据其用途而变化。通常,如果打算将其用于互补型金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)传感器、光波导传感器、测序仪芯片等,其可薄达约0.1-1.0mm。这样薄的基板,例如DNA测序仪芯片中使用的玻璃,以往通过在厚基板的一侧形成图案,随后对相反侧进行研磨而制备。由图案化和随后的研磨组成的这种常规方法具有如下的缺点:由于随着换代,图案化变得比以前更为复杂,因此基板容易断裂。一种克服这种缺点的正在开发的方式是通过在原本薄的基板上图案化。
那些用于光掩模和光学传感器的基板的制备通常包括几个步骤,例如研磨和抛光,以制备具有高平坦度和最小缺陷的表面。
在研磨和抛光的过程中合成石英玻璃的基板经受冲击,冲击的大小在它们之间变化。由于研磨通常采用比基板硬得多的铸铁的研磨板并且研磨板与基板直接接触,因此研磨比抛光产生更为显著的冲击。与其相比,由于抛光采用比基板柔软的抛光布,因此抛光只引起不显著的冲击。
为了将由基板表面上的冲击引起的缺陷最小化,已提出了几种在研磨步骤中将研磨板施加到基板上的方法。
JP-A 2012-192486(专利文献1)中公开的这样的方法的实例由代替常规的气动压力而通过液压使抛光板压靠基板组成。液压不存在空气流的不规则压力波动特性,因此抛光板接触基板时并且进行抛光时其不会将任何不均匀的压力施加于基板。因此,所公开的方法允许无损伤地制造任何薄的工件。
JP-A H09-109021(专利文献2)中公开的方法的另一实例由下述组成:采用将待抛光的基板表面上的翘曲弄平的吸垫,并且还采用具有最小翘曲的高刚性抛光板,由此使施加于被抛光的表面的压力保持均匀。因此,所公开的方法能够防止抛光板接触基板时和进行抛光时基板表面中产生不均匀的压力。
引用列表
专利文献1:JP-A 2012-192486
专利文献2:JP-A H09-109021
发明内容
但是,由于专利文献1中公开的方法被设计为通过如水流那样的液体来控制压力,因此其在抛光板接触基板时和进行抛光时在完全避免不规则的压力波动上似乎不令人满意。
而且,由于专利文献2中公开的方法使用抽吸以校正基板形状,因此该方法在翘曲校正时可能引起基板(特别是薄基板)开裂。此外,其实际上并不能够在抛光压力下完全去除表面中的非均匀性,因此即使其采用几乎不可变形的抛光板,也易于使基板表面产生致命性缺陷。其具有的另一缺点是任何精密抛光板都会花费多并且需要长时间来准备。
因此,本发明的目的提供制备基板、特别是合成石英玻璃的基板的方法,同时使基板表面免于致命性缺陷而没有采取任何大型装置和精密抛光板,由此与用常规设施制备相比,进一步减少缺陷和改善收率。
为了解决上述问题,本发明人在关注基板制造时的抛光板的下降的同时进行了研究。结果发现,如果在使下抛光板(支承涂覆有冲击吸收液的基板)旋转的同时使上抛光板接触基板表面,则有利地实现该目的。该方法有助于制备不存在表面缺陷的任何尺寸的基板(尤其是薄基板),该表面缺陷易于在抛光板与基板表面接触时发生。
因此,本发明提供如下限定的基板的制备方法。
[1]通过抛光制备基板的方法,包括如下步骤:将基板原料各自放入下抛光板上的载体中形成的加工孔中;使上抛光板接触所述基板原料的表面,所述基板原料的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液并且使所述下抛光板旋转;和使所述上抛光板和下抛光板旋转,所述基板原料的表面伴有抛光浆料。
[2][1]的制备基板的方法,其中在所述下抛光板以1rpm-4rpm旋转的同时使所述上抛光板与所述基板原料的表面接触。
[3][1]或[2]的制备基板的方法,其中所述冲击吸收液为含有选自二元醇、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、聚(甲基)丙烯酸及其衍生物、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的至少一种的水溶液。
[4][1]-[3]的任一项的制备基板的方法,其中所述冲击吸收液在20℃下具有10mPa·s-100mPa·s的粘度。
[5][1]-[4]的任一项的制备基板的方法,其中以5mm/秒至20mm/秒的速率使所述上抛光板下降直至其接触基板原料的表面。
[6][1]-[5]的任一项的制备基板的方法,其中所述抛光浆料为含有选自氧化铝磨粒、碳化硅磨粒和氧化锆磨粒中的至少一种磨粒的含水分散体。
[7][1]-[6]的任一项的制备基板的方法,其中所述基板原料在抛光前具有0.1mm-7mm的厚度。
[8][1]-[7]的任一项的制备基板的方法,其中所述基板原料为合成石英玻璃。
[9][1]-[8]的任一项的制备基板的方法,其中所述抛光步骤对应于研磨步骤。
本发明的有利效果
本发明提供好于常规加工方法的优点,该优点在于其使在上抛光板与基板原料的表面接触时在基板原料的表面上产生损伤(例如开裂)的可能性减小。而且,本发明的方法不需要任何在上抛光板与基板原料的表面接触时保护基板原料的表面免于开裂的附加步骤。因此,本发明不仅改善收率和生产率,而且有效地利用现有的设施而无需大量的投资。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的实施例中使用的两侧抛光装置的一例的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明进行说明。
根据本发明,通过抛光制备基板的方法包括如下步骤:将基板原料各自放入下抛光板上的载体中形成的加工孔中;使上抛光板接触所述基板原料的表面,所述基板原料(加工孔中)的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液并且使所述下抛光板旋转,以致所述上抛光板轻轻地接触基板原料的表面,使接触力的量减小。
根据本发明,可采用图1中所示的两侧抛光装置实施制备基板的方法。抛光装置1包括能够垂直运动的上抛光板2、与上抛光板2对置的下抛光板3、和围绕下抛光板3的旋转轴4以相等的间隔配置的多个载体5。每个载体具有多个保持基板原料(工件)6的加工孔7。每个加工孔保持一个基板原料。该载体比该基板原料薄,以致当上抛光板2向下移动以在上抛光板2与下抛光板3之间保持基板原料并且使上抛光板2围绕其旋转轴8在箭头a的方向上(以预定的速度)旋转,使下抛光板3围绕下抛光板3的旋转轴4在箭头b的方向上旋转,且使载体5在箭头c或箭头d的方向上旋转时,对基板原料6进行抛光,并且将抛光浆料(未示出)供给到上抛光板2与基板原料6之间的界面。
如果使上抛光板向下垂直地与保持静止的下抛光板上的载体中的加工孔中保持的基板原料接触,则基板原料受到只具有一个垂直分量的力。该力如果过大,当上抛光板与基板原料的表面接触时将会损伤基板原料的表面。
但是,当上抛光板与下抛光板上的加工孔中保持的基板原料的表面接触时使下抛光板旋转的情况下,基板原料的表面受到由垂直分量(起因于上抛光板的向下运动)和水平分量(起因于下抛光板的旋转)组成的合力。换言之,使与上抛光板接触时施加于基板原料的合矢量从相对于基板原料的垂直方向向水平方向倾斜。因此,能够大幅地减小导致对基板原料的严重损伤的垂直力。
而且,预先将冲击吸收液施用到基板原料的表面上保护基板原料免受上抛光板与基板原料的表面接触时产生的垂直方向上的冲击。该步骤可通过将基板原料放入装有冲击吸收液的容器中或者通过用冲击吸收液喷射基板原料(保持在加工载体中)而完成。
这样施用的冲击吸收液使各种缺陷减少,否则在基板原料的表面上会产生所述的各种缺陷。这样的缺陷包括Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)H 0614中定义的皱裂(crow’s track)、大划痕(macroscratch)等。
冲击吸收液施用到基板原料的表面上后,随着时间流逝,由于表面张力的作用,其涂层厚度变得不规则。但是,如果使下抛光板旋转以致将水平方向上的力施加于基板原料的表面上的液体涂层,则涂层厚度保持均匀。而且,下抛光板的旋转保护基板原料免受上抛光板与基板原料接触时由上抛光板施加的不规则的压力。
该冲击吸收液应优选为含有选自下述中的至少一种的水性液体:二元醇例如乙二醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、和聚丙二醇;聚丙烯酸及其衍生物例如聚丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸钠;聚(甲基)丙烯酸及其衍生物例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸和聚(甲基)丙烯酸钠;二乙醇胺,和三乙醇胺。
该冲击吸收液在20℃应具有10mPa·s至100mPa·s、优选地10mPa·s至70mPa·s、更优选地20mPa·s至50mPa·s的粘度。设定该要求以致冲击吸收液自由地流动并且均匀地在基板原料的表面上铺展,由此有效地避免由上抛光板施加的不规则的压力。本发明中,可通过使用由TokiSangyo Co.,Ltd.制造的粘度计Model TVC-7来测定上述粘度。
上抛光板与基板原料的表面接触时,下抛光板应以1rpm至4rpm、优选地2rpm至4rpm旋转,以致对基板原料的损伤最小。对旋转的方向并无特别限制。优选地,上抛光板和下抛光板应彼此相反地转动,以致上抛光板相对于基板原料的表面以高水平速度旋转并且基板原料的表面受到向水平倾斜的方向上的力,该力起因于由上抛光板施加的垂直力和由旋转基板原料施加的水平力的合成。
考虑对基板原料的损伤以及冲击吸收液的蒸发,应以5mm/秒至20mm/秒、优选地5mm/秒至15mm/秒、更优选地5mm/秒至10mm/秒的速度使上抛光板下降。
上抛光板已与基板原料的表面接触后,可在用于上抛光板和下抛光板的旋转速度和抛光压力的通常条件下完成抛光。
抛光时施加于基板原料的表面的抛光浆料应含有磨粒,该磨粒选自氧化铝、碳化硅、和氧化锆的磨粒。这样的磨粒应具有0.5μm至50μm、优选地0.5μm至30μm、更优选地0.5μm至10μm的范围内的初级粒子直径。考虑基板表面对由抛光引起的损伤的脆弱性,设定该要求。顺便提及,可通过使用由Otsuka Electronics Co.,Ltd.制造的ζ电位和颗粒直径测定系统ELSZ-1000ZS来确定磨粒的颗粒直径。
磨粒可以是商购品或者可以以固体磨粒的含水分散体的形式(在纯水中)使用。氧化铝磨粒的实例为可得自Fujimi Incorporated的FO系列的磨粒。碳化硅磨粒的实例为可分别得自Shinano Electric Refining Co.,Ltd.和Fujimi Incorporated的GP系列和GC系列的磨粒。氧化锆磨粒的实例为可得自Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co.,Ltd.的MZX系列、DK-3CH系列和FSD系列的磨粒。
本发明的方法应优选地应用于由合成石英玻璃制备基板。这样的基板可通过将合成石英玻璃铸锭、退火、切片、削边、研磨、和两侧抛光以镜面精加工的步骤而得到。本发明的方法也可应用于通过与上述相同的步骤由钠钙玻璃、硅晶片、蓝宝石、氮化镓、钽酸锂等制备基板。
本发明的方法可应用于任何基板,对其尺寸和厚度没有具体限制。当应用于具有0.1mm至7mm、优选地0.1mm至1mm范围内的厚度的薄基板时产生其最大的效果。尽管薄基板在加工过程中通常对于针对它们表面造成的损伤是脆弱的,特别是由于上抛光板接触基板时产生的冲击,但采用本发明的方法能够避免这样的损伤,由此显著地降低缺陷的水平。
采用本发明的方法制造的基板的形状可以是正方形或圆形。正方形基板尺寸为6英寸见方且6.35mm厚(对应于6025基板)、6英寸见方且2.3mm厚(对应于6009基板)、6英寸见方且0.35mm厚以及400mm见方且1.0mm厚。圆形基板(晶片的形式)尺寸为直径6英寸、8英寸和12英寸且厚度为0.1mm-0.5mm的范围。这些基板原料适于采用本发明的方法进行抛光。
本发明的方法可通常应用于两侧的间歇式抛光。但是,其也可应用于片材给送方式的单侧的抛光。任一种方式的抛光都包括使抛光板与基板原料接触的步骤。
实施例
以下参照实施例和比较例对本发明进行说明以证实其效果,该实施例和比较例不意在限制本发明的范围。
[实施例1-6]
如下所述在图1中所示的加工孔中保持的合成石英玻璃的基板原料(直径8英寸且厚0.3mm)上进行抛光。在表1中所示的条件下,使上抛光板与基板原料接触,同时使下抛光板旋转。基板原料的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液,其为在20℃具有18mPa·s的粘度的乙二醇的水溶液。使与基板原料的表面接触的上抛光板旋转,同时向基板表面与上抛光板之间的界面供给由纯水和由Shinano Electric Refining Co.,Ltd.制造的称为“ShinanorundumGP#4000,”的碳化硅磨粒组成的浆料。在每个实施例中,一百片的基板原料经历抛光。抛光后,对试样的缺陷进行考察以计数缺陷百分率。对任何试样而言,如果在其表面上具有一个或多个JIS H 0614中定义的缺陷(例如皱裂和大划痕),则被视为有缺陷。
顺便提及,通过使用可由Hamai Co.,Ltd.得到的抛光机,“用于两侧抛光的16BF”进行抛光。
表1
Figure BDA0000988788960000081
[比较例1-3]
除了下抛光板保持静止以外,以与实施例1-6中相同的方式在表2中所示的条件下进行抛光。将考察的结果示于表2中。
表2
Figure BDA0000988788960000091
[比较例4和5]
除了没有将冲击吸收液施用于基板原料的表面以外,以与实施例1-6中相同的方式在表3中所示的条件下进行抛光。将考察的结果示于表3中。
表3
Figure BDA0000988788960000092
[实施例7-9]
如下所述在图1中所示的加工孔中保持的合成石英玻璃的基板原料(6英寸见方且6.35mm厚)上进行抛光。在表4中所示的条件下,使上抛光板与基板原料接触,同时使下抛光板旋转。基板原料的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液,其为以10:1的比例(重量比)含有丙二醇和二乙醇胺以致在20℃具有40mPa·s的粘度的水溶液。使与基板原料的表面接触的上抛光板旋转,同时向基板表面与上抛光板之间的界面供给由纯水和由Fujimi Incorporated Co.,Ltd.制造的称为“FO#2000,”的氧化铝磨粒组成的浆料。以与实施例1-6中相同的方式,使基板原料经历抛光。对完成后的试样考察缺陷。将考察的结果示于表4中。
表4
Figure BDA0000988788960000101
[实施例10和11]
如下所述在图1中所示的加工孔中保持的钠钙玻璃的基板原料(7英寸见方且3.0mm厚)上进行抛光。在表5中所示的条件下,使上抛光板与基板原料接触,同时使下抛光板旋转。基板原料的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液,其为以20:1的比例(重量比)含有乙二醇和三乙醇胺以致在20℃具有37mPa·s的粘度的水溶液。使与基板原料的表面接触的上抛光板旋转,同时向基板表面与上抛光板之间的界面供给由纯水和由Daiichi Kigenso KagakuKogyo Co.,Ltd.制造的称为“MZ-1000B,”的氧化锆磨粒组成的浆料。以与实施例1-6中相同的方式,使基板原料经历抛光。对完成后的试样考察缺陷。将考察的结果示于表5中。
表5
Figure BDA0000988788960000102
通过引用将日本专利申请No.2015-098267和2015-114759并入本文中。
尽管已对一些优选的实施方案进行了说明,但根据上述教导可对其进行许多变形和改变。因此可理解,在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可在具体说明以外实施本发明。

Claims (9)

1.通过抛光制备基板的方法,包括如下步骤:
将基板原料各自放入下抛光板上的载体中形成的加工孔中,
使上抛光板与所述基板原料的表面接触,所述基板原料的表面涂覆有冲击吸收液并且使所述下抛光板旋转,和
使所述上抛光板和所述下抛光板旋转,所述基板原料的表面伴有抛光浆料,
其中,所述冲击吸收液为含有选自二元醇、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、聚甲基丙烯酸及其衍生物、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的至少一种的水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中通过在预先涂覆有冲击吸收液的状态下使下抛光板旋转,从而在基板原料表面均匀地形成该冲击吸收液的液体涂层,边使下抛光板旋转边使上抛光板与所述基板原料的表面接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中在所述下抛光板以1rpm-4rpm旋转的同时使所述上抛光板与所述基板原料的表面接触。
4.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中所述冲击吸收液在20℃下具有10mPa·s-100mPa·s的粘度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中以5mm/秒至20mm/秒的速率使所述上抛光板下降直至其接触基板原料的表面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中所述抛光浆料为含有选自氧化铝磨粒、碳化硅磨粒和氧化锆磨粒中的至少一种磨粒的含水分散体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中所述基板原料在抛光前具有0.1mm-7mm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中所述基板原料为合成石英玻璃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的通过抛光制备基板的方法,其中所述抛光步骤对应于研磨步骤。
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