CN1060866A - 供发动机用的润滑剂组合物 - Google Patents

供发动机用的润滑剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN1060866A
CN1060866A CN91109939A CN91109939A CN1060866A CN 1060866 A CN1060866 A CN 1060866A CN 91109939 A CN91109939 A CN 91109939A CN 91109939 A CN91109939 A CN 91109939A CN 1060866 A CN1060866 A CN 1060866A
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G·菲西卡罗
G·格巴兹
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Abstract

一种润滑剂组合物,其中包括:a)矿物基油;b) 合成基油;c)碳酸长链二烷基酯;d)一组普通添加剂; e)粘度指数和倾点改进添加剂。组分c)是碳酸低级 二烷基酯与一种脂族醇的混合物发生酯基转移反应 的产物,该脂族醇混合物由至少98%(重量)的脂族 醇组成该醇为非链端碳原子上带有-CH2OH基的直 链或基本上直链的烃链,该醇分子中的碳原子总数为 10—18之间,较好是在13—16之间。

Description

本发明涉及一种供内燃机用的改进的润滑剂组合物。
采用合成基油来配制单品级和多品级型润滑剂组合物是技术上已知的。在这方面;合成基油能够消除或至少减轻在只采用矿物基油时常遇到的不利因素;只用矿物基油的润滑剂组合物要求1)有非常润滑的馏分以得到令人满意的低温粘度並限制其挥发度;2)有高百分比的粘度指数改进剂以提高初始粘度指数;3)可满足所有其它润滑剂性能要求的其它添加剂。
供内燃机用的润滑剂组合物必须具备一定的性能。即热稳定性、抗氧化性、低挥发度和这类粘度一温度特性以提供低温起动和最高工作温度下的有效润滑性能。
已经提出供这种实际用途的润滑剂组合物包括含碳酸高级二烷基酯加上矿物油和普通添加剂。美国专利US2,387,999,US2,758,975,US3,642,858和欧洲专利申请89,709中描述了这类组合物;同由羧酸酯为主组分的组合物相比;它们特别在提高热稳定性;水解稳定性和氧化稳定性等方面,得到各种改进。
现在已经发现一种特殊品种的碳酸高级烷基酯;在含有该酯的润滑剂组合物中使综合流变性能和发动机性能有了改进;从而使该润滑剂组合物适于用作四冲程汽油和柴油发动机的高性能润滑剂组合物。
本发明提供的润滑剂组合物包含:
a)0-90%(重量)的矿物基油;
b)0-90%(重量)的合成基油;
c)5-50%(重量)的碳酸长链二烷基酯;
d)6-12%(重量)的一组普通添加剂;
e)0-15%(重量)的粘度指数和倾点改进添加剂;
该组合物的特征在于组分c)为碳酸低级二烷基酯与一种醇混合物的酯基转移产物。该醇混合物由至少98%(重量)的脂族醇组成;该醇为非端基碳原子上带有-CH2OH基的直链或基本上直链的烃链,该醇分子中的碳原子总数在10-18之间变化,较好是在13-16之间。
在优选的实施方案中,组分a)的含量为0-60%(重量),组分b)为20-60%(重量),组分c)为15-30%(重量),组分d)为8-10%(重量),组分e为5-10%(重量)。
可用作本发明组合物组分a)的润滑油是借助石油蒸馏随后用溶剂精制和/或加氢精制后的矿物来源的油品。通常粘度指数为102-108,倾点为-12℃--6℃,NoacK蒸发损失为12-42%。
可用作本发明组合物的组分b)的合成基油是合成来源的和借助端烯烃或内烯烃聚合随后纯化,或借助石油馏分异构化和/或烷基化随后纯化的合成油品。
可用作制备本发明组合物组分c)的醇是至少含98%,较好的至少含99%的脂族醇,该醇为非链端碳原子上带有-CH2OH基的直链或基本上直链的类烃链,该醇分子中的碳原子总数为10-18,较好是13-16。更具体地说,适用于此目的醇是由下式来限定的醇:
Figure 911099395_IMG2
式中m为整数,n为0或整数,条件是分子中的碳原子总数是10-18,较好是13-16。优选的混合物是那些-CH2OH基预先价键在链的2位上的醇。
适合于这种用途的醇类(Ⅰ)的混合物中含有把带有统计的内双键或端双键的直链或基本上直链的烯烃在有钴或铑催化剂的情况下用CO和H2羰基化制得的羰基合成醇的带支链的部分。该带支链部分可在有烃或醚类溶剂的情况下用分级结晶法与直链部分分离开来,美国专利US4,670,606中对此作了描述。按照该专利,把直链或支链的羰基合成醇溶解在分子中含3-5个碳原子的液态烃溶剂中,或溶解在甲基叔丁基醚中。溶液被冷却到-20℃--52℃,使含直链羰基合成醇的固相同含支链羰基合成醇溶在选定溶剂中的液相分离。然后可使支链羰基合成醇一般以95%的纯度从溶剂中分离出来,经进一步结晶提纯以得到适合于本发明用途的醇类(Ⅰ)的混合物,其纯度超过98%,较好超过99%。
然后使这种醇类(Ⅰ)的混合物与碳酸低级二烷基酯发生酯基转移反应,生成本发明组合物的组分c)。实现这一反应是技术上熟知的,欧洲专利申请公开89,709的实施例中有描述,即:使反应物在有碱性催化剂的情况下相互接触;在高温和减压下操作,除去以反应副产物的形式放出的低级脂族醇。优选的碳酸低级二烷基酯是碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯。可用于本目的活性酯基转移催化剂是甲醇钠和乙醇钠。在酯基转移反应结束时,回收碳酸长链二烷基酯作为本发明组合物的组合c),其特性参数通常在下列数值范围(一般的和优选的):
平均分子量:340-560(优选的420-510)
粘度100℃厘斯(cSt)(ASTM  D455):3-12(优选的4-8)
粘度-30℃厘泊(cP)(ASTM  D2602):800-5000
粘度指数V。I。(ASTM  D2270):120-140
倾点(℃)(ASTM  D97):-60--30℃
闪点COC(℃)(ASTM  D92):220-350
NoacK挥发度(%)(DIN51581):15-2
铜板腐蚀试验(ASTM  D130):1a-1b
TAN(总酸值)(mgKOH/g)(ASTM  D974):0.01-0.05
这种碳酸二烷基酯还具有涉及下列方面的合乎需要的特性:低温流变值,氧化稳定性,弹性体相容性,生物降解性和毒性。
本发明组合物的组分d)是由一组通常用于润滑剂的添加剂组成;具体有分散添加剂,抗磨添加剂和防锈添加剂,金属纯化剂和铜减活剂,洗涤添加剂(高碱性的与中性的)和抗氧剂。这些添加剂通常选自下列各类化合物:烷基/链烯基琥珀酰亚胺,琥珀酸酯;烷基/芳基二硫代磷酸锌和烯烃;乙氧基化物;取代琥珀酸的酯和半酯;螯合作用的不饱和的或羰基化合物;杂环化合物;烷基和芳基磺酸的金属盐类(中性的和高碱性的),水杨酸,酚类和取代酚类;受阻胺和受阻酚类;硫化的化合物。
本发明组合物的组分e)由一组能提高制得的润滑剂组合物的粘度指数和降低其倾点的添加剂组成。这些添加剂通常选自下列各类化合物:烯烃共聚物,甲基丙烯酸共聚物,烯烃/甲基丙烯酸共聚物。除了粘度指数和倾点改进剂的基本性能外;该添加剂还具有诸如抗氧剂、分散剂和抗磨剂等其它性能。
适用于四冲程汽油和柴油发动机的典型的润滑剂组合物以下列重量百分数的比例含有上述的各组分:
组合物  1  2  3  4  5  6
a)  60  40  20  0  0  0
b)  10  20  30  40  42  44
c)  10  20  30  40  42  44
d)  10  10  10  10  8  6
e)  10  10  10  10  8  6
用作润滑剂组合物中组分c)的碳酸长链二烷基酯使配制的汽车牵引机用润滑剂组合物具有意想不到的有效的综合流变特性和发动机工作特性。在这方面,特殊的碳酸二烷基酯结构可同时获得高粘度指数,低倾点,低挥发度。而且,碳酸酯基的高极性及其结构特性使获得高发动机特性並减少组分d)的添加量成为可能。尤其是高极性导致对发动机淤渣的有效分散作用(使润滑剂组合物中的分散剂减少约30%),对经受磨耗的金属表面产生润滑(使润滑剂组合物中的抗磨添加剂减少约20%),以及对铁类金属和非铁金属表面产生防锈和电化学保护作用(使防锈添加剂,金属钝化剂和铜减活剂减少约30%)。组分c)的高热稳定性和高氧化稳定性使润滑剂组合物中的抗氧化添加剂减少约30%,由于没有来自分解现象的酸性化合物使高碱性洗涤添加剂减少约20%;最后,组合物的组分c)对润滑通路中经常存在的弹性体几乎是惰性的。因此,能够用中高氮含量的物料,不加特殊添加剂来配制润滑剂组合物,而按最严格的标准规范,诸如CCMC和VW标准规范所设计的弹性体相容性试验中,通常添加特殊添加剂以完成试验。
应该注意,在已知技术中羰基合成醇被说成是适合于制备润滑剂组合物用的碳酸长链二烷基酯的醇类,然而没有提到要把直链部分同支链部分分离开来。按照本发明,为了获得碳酸二烷基酯和添加该酯的润滑剂组合物所要求的特性,采用具有上述特性的醇类(Ⅰ)的混合物是关键性的。这一点从后面更好地说明本发明的实施例中就会明显地看到。
实施例1
使用具有下列特性的羰基合成醇混合物:
碳原子数  13-16
平均分子量  220
直链部分  40%
支链部分  60%
这种羰基合成醇混合物是基本上直链的烯烃在有催化剂的情况下用CO和H2羰基化制得的产物。
按美国专利US4,670,606所述的方法在低温和有烃类溶剂的情况下用分级结晶法把上述混合物中固态直链醇部分同含95%(重量)支链醇的液体部分分离开来。该液体部分用类似于上述分级结晶法第二次分级结晶加以提纯,以分离出支链醇含量超过99%(重量)的液体部分。
照这样获得有下列分布状态的式(Ⅰ)的醇类混合物:
C13醇含量 6%(重量)
C14醇含量 48%(重量)
C15醇含量 42%(重量)
C16醇含量 4%(重量)
实施例2
使实施例1中所得的支链醇类(Ⅰ)的混合物,在有乙醇钠催化剂的情况下,与碳酸二甲酯发生酯基转移反应,如欧洲专利申请89,709中所述;得到平均分子量470,具有下列特性的碳酸二烷基酯(Ⅰ)
粘度100℃cst  4.16
粘度-30℃cp  1600
粘度指数V。I。  125
倾点(℃)  -40
COC闪点(℃)  240
NoacK挥发度(%)  13
铜板腐蚀试验  1a
TAN(总酸值)(mgKOH/g)  0.05
实施例3
为了对照起见,羰基化反应中得到的直链和支链羰基合成醇混合物(不经预先分离),按照实施例2的方法用乙醇钠作催化剂与碳酸二甲酯发生酯基转移反应,得到平均分子量470,粘度指数130,倾点+12℃和NoacK挥发度15%的碳酸二烷基酯(Ⅱ)
实施例4
按照下列表Ⅰ制备本发明的润滑剂组合物(A)和对照润滑剂组合物(B)。
表Ⅰ
制剂  (A)  (B)
矿物基油  43  43
合成基油  10  10
碳酸二烷基酯(Ⅰ)  30  -
碳酸二烷基酯(Ⅱ)  -  30
添加剂组  8  8
粘度指数与倾点改进添加剂  9  9
使组合物(A)和(B)经受一系列的流变试验和实验室试验,试验目的在于评估组合物满足欧美的两个规格所达到的程度。一个是CCMC油的分类法设计者排定的欧洲程序的规格,另一个是API油的分类法设计者排定的美国程序的规格。其结果见下列表Ⅱ。
表ⅡF
流变评估和实验室评估
特性 组合物(A) 组合物(B) 范围
粘度100℃(CSt)  13.5  13.7  12.5-16.3
粘度-25℃(CPs)  3450  >6000  3500最大
BPT(℃)  -39  -15  -30最大
稳定倾点(℃)  -42  -18  -35最大
HTS粘度150℃
106-1(CPs) 3.6 3.6 3.5最小
NoacK挥发度(%)  12  14  13最大
弹性体相容性  是  是
发泡  无  无
技术规格API和CCMC的5W/40分类范围
从上述数据可见按照本发明的润滑剂组合物(A)满足美国API和欧洲CCMC程序的全部规格。可是,对照润滑剂组合物(B)却不能满足粘度(-25℃),BPT,稳定倾点,NoacK挥发度的规格。这一行为涉及用于组合物的碳酸二烷基酯(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)的不同物理化学特性。
在美国API和欧洲CCMC程序排定的发动机试验方面,两种润滑剂组合物根据规定的范围,按照宽限度满足全部试验。但只有采用本发明的碳酸二烷基酯(Ⅰ)制得的润滑剂组合物才在发动机和流变两个方面具有最佳工作特性。

Claims (10)

1、一种润滑剂组合物,其中,包括:
a)0-90%(重量)的矿物基油;
b)0-90%(重量)的合成基油;
c)5-50%(重量)的碳酸长链二烷基酯;
d)6-12%(重量)的一组普通添加剂;
e)0-15%(重量)的粘度指数和倾点改进添加剂;
所述组合物的特征在于组分c)为碳酸低级二烷基酯与一种醇混合物的酯基转移产物。该醇混合物由至少98%(重量)的脂族醇组成,该醇为非链端碳原子上带有-CH2OH基的直链或基本上直链的烃链,该醇分子中的碳原子总数在10-18之间变化。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于醇分子中的碳原子总数在13-16之间变化。
3、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于组分a)的含量是0-60%(重量),组分b)是20-60%(重量),组分c)是15-30%(重量),组分d)是8-10%(重量),组分e)是5-10%(重量)。
4、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于组分a)是借助石油蒸馏随后精炼制得的润滑油,其粘度指数102-108,倾点-12℃--6℃,NoacK蒸发损失12-42%;
5、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于组分b)是端烯烃或内烯烃聚合的产物,或是石油馏分异构化和/或烷基化的产物。
6、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于组分c)是碳酸低级二烷基酯与一种含至少98%(重量)最好含99%(重量)脂族醇的混合物发生酯基转移反应的产物,该脂族醇可由式Ⅰ限定:
式中m为整数,n为0或整数,条件是分子中的碳原子总数是10-18,较好是13-16。
7、权利要求6的组合物,其特征在于该醇(Ⅰ)的混合物是带有统计的内双键或端双键的直链或基本上直链的烯烃在有钴或铑催化剂的情况下用CO和H2羰基化制得的羰基合成醇的带支链的部分。该带支链的部分在有烃或醚类溶剂的情况下用分级结晶法同直链部分分离开来。
8、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于所述组分c)具有下列特性:
平均分子量:340-560(优选的420-510)
粘度100℃厘斯(CSt)(ASTM  D455):3-12(优选的4-8)
粘度-30℃厘泊CP(ASTM  D2602):800-5000
粘度指数V.I.(ASTM  D2270):120-140
倾点(℃)(ASTM  D97):-60--30
闪点COC(℃)(ASTM  D92):220-350
NoacK挥发度(%)(DIN51581):15-2
铜板腐蚀试验(ASTM  D130):1a-1b
TAN(总酸值)(mgKOH/g)(ASTM  D974):0.01-0.05
9、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于该组分d)是由一组分散添加剂,抗磨添加剂和防锈添加剂,金属钝化剂和铜减活剂,洗涤添加剂(高碱性的与中性的)和抗氧剂组成。
10、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于该组分e)是由一组能提高制得的润滑剂组合物的粘度指数和降低其倾点的添加剂组成。
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CN103992827A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2014-08-20 美孚美斯克(泉州)化工有限公司 一种润滑抗磨节能增加动力的汽油添加剂组合物
CN106255683A (zh) * 2014-02-13 2016-12-21 亨斯迈石油化学有限责任公司 碳酸二烷基酯、其制备与使用的方法

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US5562851A (en) * 1994-12-21 1996-10-08 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Sulfur-containing carbonate reaction products as lubricating oil antiwear additives
IT1282788B1 (it) * 1996-06-04 1998-03-31 Euron Spa Composizioni lubrificanti a basse emissioni di particolato per motori a combustione interna
JP2000063874A (ja) * 1998-08-22 2000-02-29 Nippon Grease Kk Hdd用等軸受グリース組成物

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CN106255683A (zh) * 2014-02-13 2016-12-21 亨斯迈石油化学有限责任公司 碳酸二烷基酯、其制备与使用的方法
CN113234054A (zh) * 2014-02-13 2021-08-10 亨斯迈石油化学有限责任公司 碳酸二烷基酯、其制备与使用的方法
CN103992827A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2014-08-20 美孚美斯克(泉州)化工有限公司 一种润滑抗磨节能增加动力的汽油添加剂组合物
CN103992827B (zh) * 2014-05-20 2016-05-18 美孚美斯克(泉州)化工有限公司 一种润滑抗磨节能增加动力的汽油添加剂组合物

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