CN105597798A - 一种三相复合光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种三相复合光催化剂及其制备方法,用于高效率处理生物难降解有机污染物。该三相复合光催化剂以凹凸棒土纤维为载体,凹凸棒土纤维表面附着有一层纳米级TiO2颗粒,再于凹凸棒土/TiO2的表面生长一层纳米级Ag3PO4颗粒;同时提供该三相复合光催化剂制备方法。本发明提供三相复合光催化剂采用凹凸棒土负载磷酸银与二氧化钛异质结,显著提高了催化效率和光催化稳定性,能重复利用;且凹凸棒土是一种自然的、低成本的非金属矿物,即本发明光催化剂生产成本低,制备工艺简单,利于工业化生产;本发明大大降低了光催化剂的生产成本的同时显著提高了光催化效率,具备极大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种三相复合光催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
21世纪人类可持续发展面临的两大挑战就是能源问题和环境问题。太阳能具有清洁、廉价、可再生等优点,因此高效快捷地利用、转化和存储太阳能是人们努力的目标。半导体光催化技术正是以太阳能的化学转化与储存为核心,通过太阳能光降解有机物有望解决工业污染问题。
传统TiO2光催化剂由于其化学稳定性高、耐光腐蚀、氧化能力强、光催化反应驱动力大、光催化活性高,可使一些吸热的化学反应在被光辐射的TiO2表面得到实现和加速,加之无毒、成本低,所以TiO2的光催化研究最为活跃;但TiO2禁带宽度3.2ev,对应的吸收波长为387.5nm,光吸收仅限于紫外光区,这部分光仅占太阳光谱的约5%,且其量子效率低,在很大程度上限制了TiO2光催化材料的大规模工业化应用。2010年,Yi课题组研究发现半导体Ag3PO4具有较好的光催化活性,效率高于已知的可见光催化剂,但是磷酸银在没有牺牲剂的存在下其本身会发生分解作用,会消耗大量的贵重金属-银;因而很大程度的限制了磷酸银在实际处理环境污染问题的应用。
发明内容
本发明目的在于针对现有光催化剂的缺陷提供一种三相复合光催化剂及其制备方法,用于高效率处理生物难降解有机污染物。本发明采用一种凹凸棒土来负载磷酸银以提高其稳定性,且合成一种异质结提高其催化效率以降低成本。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:一种三相复合光催化剂,其特征在于,所述光催化剂以凹凸棒土纤维为载体,凹凸棒土纤维表面附着有一层纳米级TiO2颗粒,再于凹凸棒土/TiO2的表面生长一层纳米级Ag3PO4颗粒。
优选的,所述TiO2颗粒层的厚度为10~30nm,所述Ag3PO4颗粒层的厚度为30~50nm。
所述三相复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.将凹凸棒土加入去离子水中,再加入分散剂,搅拌超声混合10-60min,将所得产物球磨6-18h后,洗涤、干燥、研磨以得到分散均匀的凹凸棒土;
步骤2.将上述分散均匀的凹凸棒土溶解于去离子水中,搅拌10-60min得到溶液,然后加入钛酸丁酯、乙醇、水、盐酸,再搅拌0.5-2h,将所得溶液倒入容积为50-100ml聚四氟乙烯内胆的水热反应釜中,在150-200℃条件下水热处理12-48h,将产物洗涤、干燥、研磨以得到凹凸棒土负载纳米级TiO2颗粒的基体材料;
步骤3.将上述基体材料溶于去离子水中,搅拌10-60min,加入硝酸银,再搅拌10-60min,然后再加入PH=7的磷酸盐缓冲液,最后洗涤收集即制备得三相复合光催化剂。
优选的,步骤2中反应物配比(摩尔比)为钛酸丁酯:乙醇:盐酸:水=1:9:0.28:3。
步骤3中洗涤采用醇类洗涤离心3次。
步骤1中分散剂为十八烷基三甲基氯化铵。
本发明提供一种三相复合光催化剂及其制备方法,该光催化剂采用凹凸棒土负载磷酸银与二氧化钛异质结,显著提高了催化效率和光催化稳定性,能重复利用;且凹凸棒土是一种自然的、低成本的非金属矿物,即本发明光催化剂生产成本低,制备工艺简单,利于工业化生产;本发明大大降低了光催化剂的生产成本的同时显著提高了光催化效率,具备极大的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明三相复合光催化剂的SEM图。
图2为本发明三相复合光催化剂XRD图。
图3为本发明实施例中三相复合光催化剂降解率与时间关系示意图。
具体实施方式
为了完成以上的发明内容,以下仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并结合附图对本发明的技术方案做作进一步的描述,不能以此限定本发明的范围;即但凡以本发明申请的专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应仍属于本发明专利涵盖的范围。
实施例1
步骤1.将1g凹凸棒土加入到50ml去离子水中,搅拌30min,再加入0.5g十八烷基三甲基溴化铵,搅拌超声30min,再将所得产物放入100ml球磨罐中球磨12h,将产物洗涤离心干燥,研磨得到分散均匀的凹凸棒土粉;
步骤2.将分散好的凹凸棒土粉加入到50ml去离子水中并搅拌30min得到溶液A,按反应物摩尔比钛酸丁酯:乙醇:盐酸:水=1:9:0.28:3,分别为0.85g钛酸丁酯、10ml乙醇、0.2g盐酸、5ml去离子水并依次加入到溶液A所在的容器中搅拌30min得到混合液B;将所得混合液B倒入容积为100ml聚四氟乙烯内胆的水热反应釜中,在180℃条件下反应24h后取出,离心干燥处理,以得到备用的凹凸棒土负载纳米TiO2基体材料;
步骤3.取上述复合材料0.7g加入到50ml去离子水中搅拌30min,然后加入30ml浓度为5mmol/L的硝酸银溶液搅拌30min,再加入10ml浓度为5mmol/L的PBS(磷酸盐缓冲液,调节PH=7),溶液颜色由乳白色慢慢变成棕黄色,即表示凹凸棒土负载磷酸银与二氧化钛异质结光催化剂合成结束,最后将所得溶液离心洗涤干燥,密闭避光保存。
对上述制备得复合光催化材料进行测试,如图1所示为其SEM图,如图2所示为其XRD图。对其催化性能的测试,取10mg凹凸棒土/磷酸银/二氧化钛(三相复合材料质量比是凹凸棒土:磷酸银:二氧化钛=5:3:2)于10mg/L的罗丹明B有机染料中进行光催化测试,同时设立对比组,取10mg纯磷酸银于10mg/L的罗丹明B有机染料中进行光催化测试,其测试降解率-时间曲线如图3中所示;实验结果表明,在加入相对少量的磷酸银的复合光催化材料,却表现了更加优异的性能,不仅提高了催化剂的稳定性,而且可重复利用,更提高了其催化效率,并大大降低了生产成本,更有利于将此光催化材料产业化。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,本说明书中所公开的任一特征,除非特别叙述,均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换;所公开的所有特征、或所有方法或过程中的步骤,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以任何方式组合。
Claims (7)
1.一种三相复合光催化剂,其特征在于,所述光催化剂以凹凸棒土纤维为载体,凹凸棒土纤维表面附着有一层纳米级TiO2颗粒,再于凹凸棒土/TiO2的表面生长一层纳米级Ag3PO4颗粒。
2.按权利要求1所述三相复合光催化剂,其特征在于,所述TiO2颗粒层的厚度为10~30nm。
3.按权利要求1所述三相复合光催化剂,其特征在于,所述Ag3PO4颗粒层的厚度为30~50nm。
4.按权利要求1所述三相复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.将凹凸棒土加入去离子水中,再加入分散剂,搅拌超声混合10-60min,将所得产物球磨6-18h后,洗涤、干燥、研磨以得到分散均匀的凹凸棒土;
步骤2.将上述分散均匀的凹凸棒土溶解于去离子水中,搅拌10-60min得到溶液,然后加入钛酸丁酯、乙醇、水、盐酸,再搅拌0.5-2h,将所得溶液倒入聚四氟乙烯内胆的水热反应釜中,在150-200℃条件下水热处理12-48h,将产物洗涤、干燥、研磨以得到凹凸棒土负载纳米级TiO2颗粒的基体材料;
步骤3.将上述基体材料溶于去离子水中,搅拌10-60min,加入硝酸银,再搅拌10-60min,然后再加入PH=7的磷酸盐缓冲液,最后洗涤收集即制备得三相复合光催化剂。
5.按权利要求4所述三相复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中反应物配比为摩尔比:钛酸丁酯:乙醇:盐酸:水=1:9:0.28:3。
6.按权利要求4所述三相复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中洗涤采用醇类洗涤离心3次。
7.按权利要求4所述三相复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中分散剂为十八烷基三甲基氯化铵。
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CN108325543A (zh) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-27 | 华北理工大学 | 一种活性炭负载花瓣状磷酸银复相光催化材料的合成方法 |
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CN105964250A (zh) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-09-28 | 山东大学 | 一种具有可见光响应的Ag10Si4O13光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106732498A (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉科技大学 | 埃洛石纳米管/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备方法 |
CN108325543A (zh) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-27 | 华北理工大学 | 一种活性炭负载花瓣状磷酸银复相光催化材料的合成方法 |
CN108325543B (zh) * | 2018-02-02 | 2021-02-02 | 华北理工大学 | 一种活性炭负载花瓣状磷酸银复相光催化材料的合成方法 |
CN110756043A (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏清荷材料科技有限公司 | 一种可净化车内voc的汽车顶棚及其制备方法 |
CN110756043B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏清荷材料科技有限公司 | 一种可净化车内voc的汽车顶棚及其制备方法 |
CN112973744A (zh) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-18 | 华北电力大学 | 一种新型光电催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN112973744B (zh) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-06-14 | 华北电力大学 | 一种光电催化剂及其制备方法 |
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