CN106000460B - 碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂 - Google Patents
碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂,以柠檬酸、枝状聚乙烯亚胺和TiO2为原料,通过热缩合和自组装制得。该催化剂制备简单,以可见光为驱动能、水为溶剂,有利于环境和能源的可持续发展。本发明首次将碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂用于水相光催化还原对硝基苯胺,具有高催化效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂领域,具体涉及一种碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂。
背景技术
纳米碳量子点,是一类尺寸小于10 nm 的新型碳纳米材料,于2004 年通过电泳法净化单层碳纳米管时首次发现。由于其原材料资源丰富和廉价,且优异的水溶性,化学惰性,低毒性,易官能团化和抗光漂白能力,碳量子点逐渐成为碳纳米材料家族中的重要的一员。碳材料通常被认为是一种黑色材料,且荧光较弱。碳量子点之所以能够吸引广泛的关注的一方面原因就在于它具有很强的荧光性质。在溶液中碳量子点的荧光能够被电子受体或电子给体有效地淬灭,说明激发态的碳量子点是一种优秀的电子给体和电子受体。碳量子点这种光生电子转移性质对于能量转换、光伏器件等相关应用提供了可能性。
在催化反应中,光催化技术作为一项绿色技术,一方面着力于水、空气和土壤等环境污染治理的基础和应用研究;另一方面,也开展了光解水制氢和染料敏化太阳能电池方面的研究。随着该技术的不断发展,将光催化用于水相中有机反应的研究也备受关注,例如光催化还原硝基芳香化合物或者选择性氧化醇到醛,而这些反应产物如胺类或者醛类是一系列重要的化工产品的中间体,可广泛应用于医药、染料、香料、农药和材料等工业领域。
传统的单一组分半导体光催化剂,例如,TiO2,ZnO等,存在宽带隙无法有效利用可见光谱、比表面积小、产生光生载流子的结合能高、光生电子-空穴复合严重、量子效率低等不足,严重制约其在能源和环境领域的大规模推广应用。碳量子点具有够吸收可见光区光谱特点,其可弥补宽带隙半导体的在光吸收方面的不足。因此若将有可见光响应的碳量子点去敏化聚合物修饰的半导体复合材料用于有机合成方面,在材料合成和光催化领域中都具有深远的意义和广阔的前景。对于碳量子点敏化半导体复合物的活性机理中,电子受体的能级位置和电子的有效传导是影响光催化反应的重要因素。因此如何提高碳量子点在可见光下的敏化性能成为重要的研究工作的难点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂。该催化剂可在可见光下催化还原对硝基苯胺。具有催化活性高、易回收、制作成本低、生产工艺简单、可宏观制备、环境友好等特点。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂由柠檬酸、枝状聚乙烯亚胺和TiO2为原料通过热缩合反应和自主装制得。
其制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)在180 ℃下,将40 g柠檬酸在马弗炉中热缩合反应40 h后,加入40 mL去离子水,用5 mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液中和,经过三次离心去除杂质,然后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩,最后用冷冻干燥机干燥得到碳量子点,将其配制成2 mg/mL的碳量子点溶液备用;
(2)将400 mg TiO2超声分散于200 mL的无水乙醇中,加入枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,接着60℃回流4小时,然后通过离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2 ;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2水溶液,再逐滴加入一定质量百分比的碳量子点溶液,而后离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂。
所述步骤(2)中的枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液的体积为4mL,浓度为86 mg/mL。
所述步骤(3)中碳量子点溶液的质量百分比为0.5-10%。
所得碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂用于光催化还原具体步骤如下:
(1)取40mg碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂于60mL浓度为5ppm的对硝基苯胺中,搅拌均匀,并通入氮气(80 mL/min),在黑暗状态下吸附一段时间,对硝基苯胺在光催化剂表面达到吸附平衡;
(2)在氮气保护下,对上述体系进行光照,每隔30min后取适量液体,反应结束后,离心,回收催化剂,采用紫外可见吸收光谱对所取液体进行分析。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明将碳量子点应用于可见光敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2,具有较高的催化效率,有利于环境和能源的可持续发展。
(2)碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂的光催化活性高、制作成本低、生产工艺简单、可宏观制备、环境友好、易回收。
附图说明
图1是碳量子点的原子力显微镜图;
图2是枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2的扫描电镜图;
图3是碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2的透射电镜图;
图4是负载不同质量百分比碳量子点的碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂的XRD图;
图5是含不同质量百分数的碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂在可见光下还原对硝基苯胺的活性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)在180 ℃下,将40 g柠檬酸在马弗炉中热缩合反应40 h后,加入40 mL去离子水,用5 mol/L的氢氧化钠中和,经过三次离心去除杂质,然后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩,最后用冷冻干燥机干燥得到碳量子点,通过AFM表征,拓扑结构如图1所示,将得到碳量子点配成2mg/mL的溶液备用;
(2)将400 mg TiO2超声分散于200 mL的无水乙醇中,加入4 mL的86 mg/mL的枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,接着60℃回流4小时,然后通过离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2 ;其结构如图2所示;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,逐滴加入质量百分比为0.5%的步骤(1)所得的碳量子点溶液,搅拌1小时后,离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂,命名为4BTC05,其结构如图3所示。
实施例2
(1)在180 ℃下,将40 g柠檬酸在马弗炉中热缩合反应40h后,加入40 mL去离子水,用5 mol/L的氢氧化钠中和,经过三次离心去除杂质,然后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩,最后用冷冻干燥机干燥得到碳量子点,将得到碳量子点配成2 mg/mL的溶液备用;
(2)将400 mg TiO2超声分散于200 mL的无水乙醇中,加入4 mL的86 mg/mL的枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,接着60℃回流4小时,然后通过离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2 ;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,逐滴加入质量百分比为1%的步骤(1)所得的碳量子点溶液,搅拌1小时后,离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂,分别命名为4BTC1。
实施例3
(1)在180 ℃下,将40 g柠檬酸在马弗炉中热缩合反应40h后,加入40 mL去离子水,用5 mol/L的氢氧化钠中和,经过三次离心去除杂质,然后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩,最后用冷冻干燥机干燥得到碳量子点,将得到碳量子点配成2 mg/mL的溶液备用;
(2)将400 mg TiO2超声分散于200 ml的无水乙醇中,加入4 mL的86 mg/mL的枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,接着60℃回流4小时,然后通过离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,逐滴加入质量百分比为5%的步骤(1)所得的碳量子点溶液,搅拌1小时后,离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂,分别命名为4BTC5。
实施例4
(1)在180 ℃下,将40 g柠檬酸在马弗炉中热缩合反应40h后,加入40 mL去离子水,用5 mol/L的氢氧化钠中和,经过三次离心去除杂质,然后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩,最后用冷冻干燥机干燥得到碳量子点,将得到碳量子点配成2 mg/mL的溶液备用;
(2)将400 mg TiO2超声分散于200 mL的无水乙醇中,加入4 mL的86 mg/mL的枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,接着60℃回流4小时,然后通过离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,逐滴加入质量百分比为10%的步骤(1)所得的碳量子点溶液,搅拌1小时后,离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂,分别命名为4BTC10。
对比例
(1)在180 ℃下,将40 g柠檬酸在马弗炉中热缩合反应40 h后,加入40 mL去离子水,用5 mol/L的氢氧化钠中和,经过三次离心去除杂质,然后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩,最后用冷冻干燥机干燥得到碳量子点;并将得到碳量子点配成2 mg/mL的溶液备用;
(2)将400 mg TiO2超声分散于200 mL的无水乙醇中,加入4 mL的86 mg/mL的枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,接着60℃ 回流4h,然后通过离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,搅拌1小时后,离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂,命名为4BT。
所制备催化剂的XRD图如图4所示,复合物主要为锐钛矿和金红石二氧化钛特征峰,随着碳量子点负载量增加,其相应特征峰强度减弱,说明该制备方法使得碳量子点负载在枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2上。将所得不同质量百分比碳量子点负载的枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂在波长>420 nm的可见光下照射2 小时,所得的催化剂均具有可见光下还原对硝基苯胺的活性的能力,如图5所示。其中负载质量百分比为5%碳量子点的碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂的还原活性为最佳,对硝基苯胺的转化率为60%以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述光催化剂由柠檬酸、枝状聚乙烯亚胺和TiO2为原料通过热缩合反应和自组装制得;
包括以下步骤:
(1)在180 ℃下,柠檬酸进行热缩合反应后,加入去离子水,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,离心去除杂质,通过旋转蒸发将碳量子点原液浓缩后、冷冻干燥,得到碳量子点,然后将所得碳量子点配制成浓度为2 mg/mL碳量子点溶液;
(2)将TiO2纳米粒子超声分散于乙醇后,加入4mL浓度为86 mg/mL枝状聚乙烯亚胺水溶液,60 ℃回流4小时,而后冷却、离心、洗涤、干燥得到枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2;
(3)将枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2超声分散到去离子水中,再逐滴加入一定质量百分比的碳量子点溶液,而后离心、洗涤、干燥得到碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述碳量子点溶液的质量百分比为0.5-10%。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂的应用,其特征在于:所述的碳量子点敏化枝状聚乙烯亚胺修饰的TiO2光催化剂用于可见光下水相中光催化还原对硝基苯胺。
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