CN105577163B - 带共模瞬变保护的信号隔离系统 - Google Patents

带共模瞬变保护的信号隔离系统 Download PDF

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CN105577163B
CN105577163B CN201510732264.0A CN201510732264A CN105577163B CN 105577163 B CN105577163 B CN 105577163B CN 201510732264 A CN201510732264 A CN 201510732264A CN 105577163 B CN105577163 B CN 105577163B
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贠睿达
陈宝兴
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Analog Devices Inc
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0264—Arrangements for coupling to transmission lines
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Abstract

公开了一种带共模瞬变保护的信号隔离系统。隔离器系统有一个隔离器，其生成差分信号，隔离器和一个接收器，其产生的信号的数字数据代表从隔离器接收。该系统还可以包括耦合在所述隔离器和接收器之间的RC过滤器。在操作过程中，过滤器可以分配在不同的电路路径的瞬变信号中的隔离器，其中仅有一些被耦合到接收器的输入。随着时间的推移，过滤器可以衰减在接收器输入端的瞬变贡献。以这种方式，过滤器可能会限制这些共同模瞬变的影响。

Description

带共模瞬变保护的信号隔离系统
技术领域
本发明涉及隔离器，尤其涉及防范共模瞬变的隔离器的保护电路。
背景技术
隔离器是在两个电气隔离电路系统之间交换数据信号的设备。每个电路系统在不同的电压域工作，其可包括不同的源电位和不同的地面。隔离设备可以提供在隔离阻碍的数据交换，所述隔离阻碍保持了电气隔离。常规的隔离设备包括微型变压器、电容器和磁电阻。
许多隔离设备进行差分驱动。即，信号内容(“VSIG”)表示围绕共模电压(“VCM”)差异偏离的一对信号。第一信号可以从共模电压VCM偏离量VSIG(例如，V1＝VCM+VSIG)，但第二信号可以互补的方式偏离共模电压VCM相同量(例如，V2＝VCM-VSIG)。在这个例子中，VSIG值代表信号内容。隔离器电路经常使用共模电压VCM作为设计因素而进行设计，以发送和/或接收表示信号内容的这些差分驱动信号。
隔离器设备通常用于嘈杂的环境。它们可能受到电磁瞬变，这引起在由这些系统发送和接收信号中的信号腐败。一些瞬变引起由系统传输的信号的共模偏差。因此，在差分信号对理想地以差动方式偏离共模时，共模瞬变可引起差分信号以干涉隔离器的操作的方式一起改变(例如，V1＝VCM+VEMI+VSIG，V2＝VCM+VEMI-VSIG)。一些瞬变可引起这些信号以超过接收并解码信号的电路的电源电压(VDD或地)，这可导致不正确解码信号。
本发明人察觉到本领域需要隔离系统，该系统可以防止操作中的共模瞬变。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种隔离系统，包括：隔离器，产生差分隔离信号；接收器，用于产生表示通过隔离器接收的信号的数字数据；和耦合在所述隔离器和所述接收器之间的RC过滤器。其中所述RC过滤器包括：输入阻抗级，延伸在第一对端子之间并具有用于连接到第一共模参考电压的中间节点，第二阻抗级，延伸在第二对端子之间并具有用于连接到第二共模参考电压的中间节点。
根据本公开的另一个方面，提供了一种隔离器系统的过滤器，包括：输入阻抗级，延伸在第一对端子之间并具有用于连接到第一共模参考电压的中间节点；第二阻抗级，延伸在第二对端子之间并具有用于连接到第二共模参考电压的中间节点；一对电容器，分别连接在输入阻抗级的相应端子和所述第二阻抗级的相应端子之间。
根据本公开的又一个方面，提供了一种信号隔离方法，包括：响应于在接收的隔离器信号中共模瞬变信号的开始，在多个电路路径上分配共模瞬变信号，其中仅一个电路路径耦合到接收器的输入，所述接收器解码所述隔离器信号；在所述共模瞬变信号开始之后，增加接收的隔离器信号的输入端和接收器的输入端之间的电路路径的阻抗。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明实施例的隔离器系统。
图2示出根据本发明实施例的过滤器。
图3示出根据本发明的实施例表示图2的过滤器对共模瞬变的图响应的示例性波形。
图4示出可替代过滤器。
图5示出表示图4的过滤器对共模瞬变的响应的示例性波形。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例提供具有隔离器和接收器的隔离器系统，所述隔离器生成差分隔离器信号，所述接收器产生表示从隔离器接收的信号的数字数据。该系统还可以包括耦合在所述隔离器和接收器之间的RC过滤器。在操作过程中，过滤器可以在隔离器的不同的电路路径中分配瞬变信号，其中仅有一些被耦合到接收器的输入。随着时间的推移，过滤器可以衰减在接收器输入端的瞬变贡献。以这种方式，过滤器可限制这些共同模瞬变的影响。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的隔离器系统100。系统100可以包括发射器110、隔离器120、过滤器130和接收器140。隔离器120可以横跨隔离阻障150，其彼此电隔离两个电压域。发射器110可以属于第一电压域，其具有其自己的电压和地(被示为VDD1，GND1)，和过滤器130和接收器140可属于第二电压域，其具有独立于第一电压域的供应的电压和地(VDD2，GND2)。隔离屏障150可以防止电压从一个域到另一个的通信。
可以提供系统100用于数字数据从第一电压域到第二电压域的通信。在这样的实施例中，发射器110可以接收输入信号，它利用两个二进制电压电平之一。发射器110可以生成具有从输入信号的状态确定的状态的输出信号。输出信号可通过隔离器120从第一电压域通过隔离屏障150携带到第二电压域。接收器140可接收来自隔离器120(其可以被过滤如本文所讨论)的信号并由此信号生成数字输出。
数据可以横跨隔离器120通过任何各种技术传送，例如包括，开关键控、脉冲计数调制、脉冲极性调制和类似物。在开关键控中，如果输入信号对应于二进制值“1”，发射器110可在其输出端产生周期信号；但是，如果输入信号对应于二进制值“0”，发射器110可输出惰性信号(无活性)。脉冲计数调制可以涉及发送单一脉冲信号以表示第一二进制值(例如，数字“0”)和多脉冲信号以表示第二二进制值(数字“1”)。脉冲极性调制可涉及发送具有第一极性的脉冲来表示第一二进制值(例如，一个正脉冲来表示的数字“1”)和具有第二极性的脉冲以表示第二二进制值(例如，负脉冲以表示数字“0”)。本发明的原理可应用于任何差分驱动的隔离器结构。
各种隔离器设备可以用作隔离器120，包括基于微型变压器的隔离器、容性隔离器和/或磁阻隔离器。
图2示出根据本发明实施例的过滤器200。网络200可应用于图1的过滤器130。网络可以包括一对第一级电阻R1.1、R1.2，输入电容器C1.1、C1.2，第二级电阻R2.1、R2.2，第三级电阻R3.1、R3.2和另一个电容C2。
第一级电阻R1.1、R1.2的第一端子可以耦合到隔离器的各端子，示为节点N1.1和N1.2。第一级电阻R1.1、R1.2的第二端子可以连接到地。
输入电容器C1.1、C1.2的第一端子也可以在节点N1.1和N1.2耦合到隔离器的各终端。输入电容器C1.1、C1.2的第二端子可以在节点N2.1和N2.2连接到相应的第二阶段电阻R2.1、R2.2的第一端子。第二阶段电阻第二端子可连接到彼此和电容器C2和第三级电阻R3.1、R3.2。
第三级电阻R3.1、R3.2可以串联连接在电源电压VDD和地GND之间。电容器C2的第一端子可连接到第三级电阻R3.1和R3.2之间的中间节点NM，并且电容器C2的第二端可被连接到地GND。电阻R3.1和R3.2可以具有相等的电阻，其可以保持在电容器C2的电压在1/2VDD的共模电平，而没有瞬变。
在图2的例子中，每个第一级电阻R1.1、R1.2的第二终端示出耦合至地。该连接定义地面作为第一级电阻R1.1，R1.2的共模电压。然而，第二级电阻R2.1、R2.2的第二端子连接到节点NM，它连接到电阻器和R3.1R3.2之间的中间节点。该连接可限定1/2VDD作为第二和第三级电阻R2.1、R2.2、R3.1和R3.2的共模电压。通过在一侧的节点N1.1，N1.2的和另一侧的节点N2.1，N2.2之间插入电容器C1.1和C1.2，这两个共模域可以保持彼此离散。在其他电路应用中，可便于定义不同于图2所示的地面和1/2VDD电压不同的共模电压。
电容器C2的电容可以大于电容器C1.1和C1.2的电容。例如，C2的电容可以大于电容器C1.1和C1.2的6至10倍。
在操作期间，隔离器可在节点N1.1，N1.2向过滤器呈现差分输入电压。即，在理想的操作条件下，在节点N1.1呈现的电压将以共模电压中心，并随着在N1.2呈现的电压成反比变化，这也以共模电压为中心。在理想的操作条件下，共模电压不会发生变化。
但是，操作条件可以引起在隔离器的瞬变，这引起共模电压与其理想值偏离。这样的瞬变可导致共模电压超过高电源电压VDD或低于地面。在超出VDD或低于地面下，如果输入到接收器140(图1)，瞬变可导致接收器140的操作不当。
图2的实施例可以减少在隔离系统中瞬变的影响。瞬变通常是短期、高频的事件，其中电容器C1.1和C1.2可显示为短路。因此，当瞬变呈现在节点N1.1和N1.2，第一和第二级电阻R1.1、R1.2、R2.1和R2.2可显示为简单、并行电阻网络，这有助于衰减呈现给接收器140(图1)的瞬变的幅度。
图3示出了表示在图2的电路中的瞬变传播的一系列示例性波形。图形(a)表示可从隔离器提出的短暂的共模分量。它在两个节点N1.1和N1.2呈现非差异。在本示例中，瞬变被示为电流脉冲ICM，其开始于时刻t0并继续直到时间t1。在实践中，瞬变可以具有差分组件但这些未在图3的例子中示出。
在瞬变电流脉冲开始时，电流ICM也可以在第一级电阻R1.1、R1.2，第二级电阻R2.1、R2.2之间拆分。在数学上，这些电流可被表示为：
知
其中，
IR1.1和IR1.2分别表示通过电阻R1.1和R1.2的电流，和IR2.1和IR2.2分别表示通过电阻R2.1和R2.2电流。
在电压域中，在节点N1.1和N1.2的电压V1.1，V1.2可以从它们的共模电压(地)偏移为
V1.1＝V1.2＝ICM(R1.1R2.1)
其中，R1.1||R2.1表示通过电阻R1.1和R2.1并联呈现的有效阻抗。因此，在图3(b)中，电压V1.1和V1.2被示为在时间t0转换到该电平。
类似地，在节点N2.1和N2.2的电压V2.1，V2.2可以从它们的共模电压(1/2VDD)偏移到：
因此，在图3(c)所示，电压V2.1和V2.2被示为在时间t0转换到该电平。
如果电流瞬变具有足够长的持续时间，则该电容器C1.1、C1.2可以呈现阻抗给瞬变电流脉冲ICM。耦合第一和第二级电阻R1.1、R1.2、R2.1和R2.2，电容器C1.1、C1.2形成具有时间常数的RC网络：
τ＝C1.1·(R1.1+R2.1)。
因此，图3(b)表示电压V1.1和V1.2以由时间常数τ确定的速率过渡朝向电压V＝ICM·R1.1。
类似地，如果当前瞬变具有足够长的持续时间，则该电容器C1.1、C1.2和C2表现得像具有第二和第三级电阻R2.1、R2.2、R3.1和R3.2的RC网络。在节点N2.1和N2.1的电压V2.1和V2.2可以从他们的偏移值衰减到中间值，由下式给出：
因此，图3(c)示出电压V2.1和V2.2衰减到在时间t0的初始偏移之后的电平。如图上式，当C2是比C1.1和C1.2较大6至10倍，它可以减少由共模电流ICM所造成的电压变化。
在节点NM，电容器C2可以被建模为通过第二级电阻R2.1和R2.2接收电流脉冲。它可以接收具有形式的电流脉冲：
因此，在节点NM处的电压可具有峰值：
图3(d)示出这些效果。
瞬时电流ICM被显示为在t1时刻立即终止。该过滤器200可以以互补的方式响应在时间t0所示的过渡。即，电压V1.1、V1.2可以从其电压V1.1＝V1.2＝ICM*R1.1偏移ΔV1.1＝ΔV1.2＝-ICM(R2.1||R2.2)，根据时间常数τ朝向零转变。类似地，电压V2.1、V2.2可以从电压移位该量。这些初始转换后，电压V1.1、V1.2、V2.1和V2.2可以转换到稳态电压，分别由地面和VDD它们的普通共模值表示。
如所示，图3的曲线图表示当由表示阶梯函数的瞬变电流脉冲呈现时过滤器200内电压的模拟。此阶梯函数(图3的(a))表示在时刻t0的从幅度零到幅值ICM的电流瞬时转变，和在时刻t1从幅度ICM回幅度为零的瞬时转变。在实践中，这种电流转换很可能具有有限的上升时间和下降时间，这可导致电压V1.1、V1.2、V2.1和V2.2的峰值低于在该拟中表示的那些。
回到图2，过滤器200向电路设计人员提供在电路设计中减轻瞬变的效果的机会。如前所述，如果输入电压(那些为节点N2.1和N2.2)超过VDD或低于地面，异常的接收器行为可出现。但是，电路设计人员可选择电阻R2.1、R1.2、R2.1和R2.2的电阻值以减轻对这种瞬变的影响。
在电路设计中，电路设计人员可估计预期由过滤器200(图2)可遇到并表示为的电压瞬变特性。从这个估计，电路设计者可估计可由这些瞬变诱导的最大ICM。电路设计者然后根据设计规则选择电阻值：
其中，R＝(R1.1||R2.1).
在实践中，各种电阻值可满足该设计规则。因此，电路设计者有机会选择电阻值满足其他的设计目标，例如隔离器的功耗和耦合特性。
图4和5示出在隔离器系统中过滤器的替代设计的操作。在本实施例中，隔离器设备直接连接到节点NRX1，NRX2的接收器设备的输入端。一对电阻RX1.1、RX1.2可跨越接收器输入被耦合，中间节点NM耦合到电容器CX1，和由电阻RX2.1、RX2.2形成的分压器。
图5示出在和图3中所示的类似情况下图4中所示的过滤器的操作。在这种情况下，表示共模瞬变的脉冲电流ICM可引起在接收器的输入节点NRX1、NRX2不断升级的电压VRX1、VRX2。该电压可以立即跳到电压和以所表示的压摆率如图5所示，在节点NRX1，NRX2的电压可达到最大值其中dt表示共模瞬变的持续时间。因此，在某些情况下，共模瞬变的长度可足以引起在节点NRX1、NRX2的电压超过接收器的电源电压。
图5还示出在中间节点NM的效果，它提供了到电阻器网络RX1.1，RX1.2的共模参考电压。在该设计中，共模瞬变也可影响电压NM，使其以压摆率上升。
因此，如上所示，图2的实施例提供在存在共模瞬变时隔离系统的保护。
本发明的若干实施例已在本文中具体说明和/或描述。然而，应当理解，本发明的修改和变化被包括在上述教导以及所附权利要求的范围内，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。与上述原理一致的进一步变化是允许的。

Claims (20)

1.一种隔离系统，包括：
隔离器，产生差分隔离信号；
接收器，用于产生表示通过隔离器接收的信号的数字数据；和
耦合在所述隔离器和所述接收器之间的RC过滤器，其中所述RC过滤器包括：
输入阻抗级，延伸在第一对端子之间并具有用于连接到第一共模参考电压的中间节点，
第二阻抗级，延伸在第二对端子之间并具有用于连接到第二共模参考电压的中间节点。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述RC过滤器进一步包括：
一对电容器，分别连接在输入阻抗级的相应端子和所述第二阻抗级的相应端子之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述RC过滤器进一步包括：
分压器，延伸在一对电源电压之间，以及
另一电容器，延伸在分压器的中间节点和所述一对电源电压中的一个电源电压之间，该中间节点被连接到第二阻抗级作为第二共模参考电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述RC过滤器进一步包括：
高通路径，将RC过滤器的输入端子耦合到接收器输入端子，
低通路径，将输入端子的共模耦合到接收器输入端子的共模。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述隔离器包括变压器。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述隔离器包括一对电容器。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述隔离器包括磁电阻。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括耦合到隔离器的发射器，其中，所述发射器是开关键调制器。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括耦合到隔离器的发射器，其中，所述发射器是脉冲计数调制器。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括耦合到隔离器的发射器，其中，所述发射器是脉冲极性调制器。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述隔离器、RC过滤器和接收器设置在公共衬底上。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述隔离器被提供在第一衬底上，并且所述RC过滤器和所述接收器被提供在第二衬底上。
13.一种用于隔离器系统的过滤器，包括：
输入阻抗级，延伸在第一对端子之间并具有用于连接到第一共模参考电压的中间节点，
第二阻抗级，延伸在第二对端子之间并具有用于连接到第二共模参考电压的中间节点，
一对电容器，分别连接在输入阻抗级的相应端子和所述第二阻抗级的相应端子之间。
14.如权利要求13所述的过滤器，其中，所述第二对端子是所述过滤器的输出端子。
15.如权利要求13所述的过滤器，进一步包括：
分压器，延伸在一对电源电压之间，以及
第三电容器，延伸在分压器的中间节点和所述一对电源电压中的一个电源电压之间，该中间节点被连接到第二阻抗级作为第二共模参考电压。
16.如权利要求15所述的过滤器，其中，所述第三电容器的电容为所述一对电容器中的每一个电容器的电容的至少两倍。
17.如权利要求15所述的过滤器，其中，所述分压器包括一对串联连接的电阻器。
18.如权利要求13所述的过滤器，其中，所述输入阻抗级和第二阻抗级各自包括相应的一对串联连接的电阻器。
19.一种信号隔离方法，包括：
响应于在接收的隔离器信号中共模瞬变信号的开始，在多个电路路径上分配共模瞬变信号，其中仅一个电路路径耦合到接收器的输入，所述接收器解码所述隔离器信号；
在所述共模瞬变信号开始之后，增加接收的隔离器信号的输入端和接收器的输入端之间的电路路径的阻抗。
20.如权利要求19所述的信号隔离方法，进一步包括：
使用隔离器信号的共模电压参考，对耦合在接收的隔离器信号的输入端之间的电路路径进行偏压，以及
使用接收器的共模电压参考，对耦合在接收器的输入端之间的电路路径进行偏压。
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