CN1054774A - 从大量废弃芭蕉茹及冻坏生蕉果中提炼果胶三法 - Google Patents
从大量废弃芭蕉茹及冻坏生蕉果中提炼果胶三法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是为开发利用大量废弃新资源芭蕉茹及
冻坏生蕉果,提供生产果胶的三种技术方法。该资源
丰富,开发价值较大,对综合利用变废为宝,特别是促
进发展芭蕉生产,利国利民,具有极其重要的意义。
生产简要:把鲜净原料破碎,酸调后加热至95℃以
上,溶解出果胶,然后用果胶铝法,酒精沉淀法进行精
制,或酶工程萃取法生产,三法都同样可得到质量较
好的白色果胶。
Description
本发明涉及一种资源新发现,开发价值较大,目的就是开发新资源,旨在综合利用变废为宝,其任务是生产适于食品和医药工业用的果胶,特别是对促进发展芭蕉生产,支援农业建设,有着极其重要的意义。
我国不少地区盛产芭蕉,尤其玉林蕉区,产量数全国之首,已为大宗农付土特产。然而除了香甜可口的蕉果以外,人们却忽视了大量废弃的芭蕉茹,它温藏着丰富的宝贵果胶。历来除了蕉果供出售兼钱外,其余的都当作无用之物全部弃掉,就说各地的芭蕉收购点,弃掉的蕉果轴到处堆积如山,甚至堆于路旁,妨碍交通,且果轴满地腐烂,有出现污染环境的现象。为了开发利用新资源,经过一年多时间的潜心试验研究,历经上百次的失败,终于成功地提炼出一种白色的果胶,并通过广西玉林地区中心实验测试所化验。
芭蕉果树全身都含有一种果胶物质,是目前国内外还未开发利用的一种新资源。除了芭蕉叶以外,其余所有废弃的原料,包括果轴、花蕾、真茎及假茎、根茹、吸 芽以及蕉果皮和生蕉果等,都是生产香蕉果胶的优良原料,其中以生蕉果含量最高,其次为花蕾、根茹和蕉果皮。按常规的每亩种植160株计,而实际每株芭蕉茹原料总重一般有40-60公斤左右,单取含量较高一些的根茹结实部分、花蕾和蕉果皮等,平均每株也至少有15公斤以上的精华原料,即一亩至少也可收集优良的鲜原料2-3吨以上,事实上这些芭蕉茹果胶的含量达2-5%,即每亩能够生产果胶浆达60公斤,干燥后得率近半,据知目前每公斤果胶价格在25-35元之间,折算每亩芭蕉茹原料生产果胶之价值约达数百元,增加的经济收入,约为单项出售蕉果时价值的半数,如遇香蕉受寒霜灾害,加上冻坏的蕉果用于生产果胶,则增加的收益甚至于是倍数。
全国各地所有种植的各种芭蕉,如旱蕉、山蕉以及高矮香蕉等,收获后剩下大量废弃的芭蕉茹,都可以充当生产果胶的原料,可见数量之大,而且在生产过程中,所生成的副产物-棕红色沉淀物,还可以制造有机颜料。
由于种植香蕉受气候条件的限制影响,易被寒霜冻坏,如八七和八八的两年间,单玉林蕉区便受到很大的经济损失,受冻坏的香蕉既不能再生长饱满,能食用的收购价低微(低至几分钱一市斤),不能食用的多得惊人,到处扔是,造成极大的浪费,如果把这些冻坏的生蕉果统统收集起来,便是生产果胶的上等原料,只要是新鲜生的蕉果,那怕如指头大,都可作为生产原料,并且果胶含量要比蕉茹大好几倍,所以当香蕉一旦受到时年的寒霜灾害时,农民也会得到相应收益的经济补尝。
统算起来,全国每年要白白弃掉数量在百万吨,甚至亿万吨计的果胶生产原料,因而综合开发迫在眉捷,变废为宝利国利民,如果国家重视开发这项新资源,将会得到很大的经济效益,甚至可以出口创汇。
本发明的任务是以如下方式完成的:
一、破碎
把收集的新鲜原料,用清水充分洗净,然后用破碎机打碎成浆渣细料,连同汁液一起即为生产备用原料。
二、原料过多与保藏
如果原料过多,无法及时生产处理,需要放置一段时间,则要把破碎的原料,立即进行钝化处理,若放置过久而不钝化,原料往往已经霉酵过度,果胶早已分解而失去凝胶力。方法是:用1%的纯缄水溶液和少量乙酸,把新鲜破碎的原料加热至95℃以上,保持20-30分钟,钝化果胶酶,以免果胶分解,然后烘干或晒干保藏。
三、提炼精制二法
(一)酸提
把破碎的原料,用酒精兑适量水喷洒后晾干(用量比为每吨鲜净原料用2公斤酒精),然后加3-4倍1%左右的纯碱水溶液,和少量乙酸(约为酒精的五分之一),再用稀盐酸(或稀硫酸)调节PH值至2-3为止。
将配好的液料加热至95℃以上,尽量不必煮沸,以免酸液溢出,保持30-60分钟,即可溶解出大部分果胶,待温度降至40-50℃时趁执压滤,滤渣可按上法再加热至95℃以上,重新提取一次,合并二次的滤液,静置澄清,滤到上层清液,尔后加入0.5%活性炭充分搅拌30分钟,使溶液脱色,再用7000转/分的高速离心机离心分离杂质,即得果胶原水溶液,但其含有大量水分和其它杂质,必须提纯精制,才能符合卫生标准。
(二)精制
A、果胶铝法:把果胶原水溶液加热至35-40℃然后加入适量的明矾粉(或者六水氯化铝),在搅拌下加入2N的NaOH溶液中和到PH值4-5,这时,溶液里则生成海绵状的果胶铝沉淀析出,滤到沉淀的果胶铝,用70-80℃热水洗涤数次,以除去水溶性杂质,过滤榨干,加入二倍量的PH值2.5-3的盐酸水溶液,尔后滴加入少量硫酸搅匀,在微量硫酸的催化作用下,果胶铝即还原溶解出果胶来,滤到上层果胶清液,在搅拌下慢慢加入同量体积的95%酒精,经作用后当即析出白色的果胶,静置1-2小时后过滤榨干,再用相当于果胶二倍量的98%酒精洗涤精制2次,再榨干,即可得到质量较好的白色果胶,滤液供回收酒精或生产时重复使用。
B、酒精沉淀法:把果胶原水溶液,用真空浓缩器,在50-60℃温度下浓缩至原体积的25%,在浓缩液中加入少量稀盐酸搅匀,以促进凝结和溶解部分盐类,减少杂质沉淀,然后在搅拌下慢慢加入与浓缩液同量体积的95%酒精,经作用后析出白色的果胶,静置1-2小时后过滤榨干,再用相当于果胶二倍量98%酒精洗涤精制2次,再滤干,即得质量较好的白色果胶,滤液供回收酒精或生产过程中再使用。
四、酶工程萃产法:
把破碎的原料加水3-4倍,用稀盐酸(或稀硫酸)调节PH值至2-3,然后煮沸30分钟,投进耐酸溶器进行发酵(如大口搪瓷缸,耐酸水泥池等),等温度降到30-40℃时,依次加入2%酒精、1.5%明矾粉、1%纯碱、0.2%焦亚硫酸钠,用搅拌器搅拌1-2小时,再加2-5%果胶酶拌匀(最好是从香蕉果胶中提到的果胶酶),静置让其自然酶酵,注意发酵料面上要留有1-2尺深的溶液面,以便于形成和捞取果胶,溶器的大小深度宽长不限,用尼龙簿膜严扎封盖,保持适宜温度为25-36℃,在果胶酶的作用下,略经2-10天时间,液面上即可酶萃形成一层厚厚的白色果胶,把捞到的果胶用70-80℃热水洗涤数次,榨干,即可得到无酒精气味质量较好的白色果胶。
注意:以上所述的酸调PH值加热过程,都必须认真掌握,酸度大温度高则加热时间短些,相反酸度小,温度低则加热时间长些,否则果胶酸解不出或分解过度。
五、真空干燥
用上述三种方法生产的果胶,虽经压榨机榨干,但 还达不到干燥度标准,须送入真空干燥室(器),用50-70℃温度进行干燥,粉碎过60目筛,即得成品果胶粉,包装即成。
Claims (8)
1、从大量废弃芭蕉菇及冻坏生蕉果中提炼果胶三法,属合案申请内容,其特征为:
[1]用稀盐酸(或稀硫酸)调节液料的PH值至2-3,然后加热至95℃以上,保持30-60分钟。
[2]果胶铝法:
a1.把果胶原水溶液加热到35-40℃,加适量的明矾粉(或六水氯化铝)。
a2.在搅拌下加入2N的NaOH溶液中和到PH值4-5。
a3.用PH2.5-3的盐酸水溶液,把果胶从果胶铝中还原溶解出来。
a4.加入同量体积的95%酒精。
[3]酒精沉淀法:
b1.把果胶原水溶液浓缩至原体积的25%。
b2.加入与浓缩液同量体积的95%酒精。
[4]酶工程萃产法
c1.把破碎的原料加水后用稀盐酸(或稀硫酸)调节PH值至2-3,然后煮沸30分钟。
c2.加2-5%果胶酶在25-36℃温度下发酵。
2、根据权利要求1[1]所述的技术方法,其特征是酸提得到果胶原水溶液。
3、根据权利要求1[2]a1及a2所述的技术方法,其特征是生成海绵状的果胶铝沉淀析出。
4、根据权利要求1[2]a3所述的技术方法,其特征是在微量硫酸的催化作用下。
5、根据权利要求1[2]a4及1[3]b2所述的技术方法,其特征是沉淀析出白色的果胶。
6、根据权利要求1[3]b1所述的技术方法,其特征是用真空浓缩器在50-60℃温度下浓缩。
7、根据权利要求1[4]C1所述的技术方法,其特征是溶解出果胶。
8、根据权利要求1[4]C2所述的技术方法,其特征是在果胶酶作用下酶萃形成果胶层。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN90107738A CN1054774A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1990-09-15 | 从大量废弃芭蕉茹及冻坏生蕉果中提炼果胶三法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT187588 | 1988-07-22 | ||
CN89104932A CN1016170B (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 新型烯丙基氨基乙基咪唑的制备方法 |
CN90107738A CN1054774A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1990-09-15 | 从大量废弃芭蕉茹及冻坏生蕉果中提炼果胶三法 |
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CN1054774A true CN1054774A (zh) | 1991-09-25 |
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Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN89104932A Expired CN1016170B (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 新型烯丙基氨基乙基咪唑的制备方法 |
CN91102642A Pending CN1054593A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 新型烯丙基氨基乙基三唑的制备方法 |
CN91102643A Pending CN1054594A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 抗致病霉菌的新型烯丙基氨基乙基吡咯的应用 |
CN90107738A Pending CN1054774A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1990-09-15 | 从大量废弃芭蕉茹及冻坏生蕉果中提炼果胶三法 |
Family Applications Before (3)
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CN89104932A Expired CN1016170B (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 新型烯丙基氨基乙基咪唑的制备方法 |
CN91102642A Pending CN1054593A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 新型烯丙基氨基乙基三唑的制备方法 |
CN91102643A Pending CN1054594A (zh) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-07-21 | 抗致病霉菌的新型烯丙基氨基乙基吡咯的应用 |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US4965277A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0351696A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0288563A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR900001662A (zh) |
CN (4) | CN1016170B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU615087B2 (zh) |
DD (2) | DD284006A5 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK361189A (zh) |
FI (1) | FI893291A (zh) |
HU (1) | HU206325B (zh) |
MY (1) | MY104048A (zh) |
NO (2) | NO169486C (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ229783A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH26233A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT91221A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1834661C (zh) |
YU (1) | YU146589A (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA895341B (zh) |
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GB8728418D0 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1988-01-13 | Jenkins T C | Nitro-substituted aromatic/hetero-aromatic compounds for use in cancer treatment |
US5183824A (en) * | 1989-11-09 | 1993-02-02 | Kao Corporation | Azole derivatives and antifungal drugs containing the same as an active component |
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SU557755A3 (ru) * | 1968-08-19 | 1977-05-05 | Янссен Фармасьютика Н.В. (Фирма) | Способ получени производных имидазола |
DE2910976A1 (de) * | 1979-03-21 | 1980-10-02 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte n-allyl-acetanilide, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung als fungizide |
JPS56152446A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1981-11-26 | Nippon Nohyaku Co Ltd | Alpha-substituted fatty acid amid and their salt |
CA1189857A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1985-07-02 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Naamloze Vennootschap | Antimicrobial triazole derivatives |
EP0084236A3 (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-08-03 | Fbc Limited | Fungicidal heterocyclic compounds and compositions containing them |
DE3201359A1 (de) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-08-04 | Memminger Gmbh, 7290 Freudenstadt | "fadenliefervorrichtung fuer textilmaschinen" |
DE3644616A1 (de) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-07 | Lentia Gmbh | Imidazolderivate, verfahren zur herstellung und deren verwendung |
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1989
- 1989-06-30 NZ NZ229783A patent/NZ229783A/en unknown
- 1989-07-01 MY MYPI89000893A patent/MY104048A/en unknown
- 1989-07-06 FI FI893291A patent/FI893291A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-11 EP EP89112687A patent/EP0351696A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-07-12 US US07/378,898 patent/US4965277A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-13 ZA ZA895341A patent/ZA895341B/xx unknown
- 1989-07-18 PH PH38958A patent/PH26233A/en unknown
- 1989-07-19 PT PT91221A patent/PT91221A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-19 AU AU38277/89A patent/AU615087B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-20 YU YU01465/89A patent/YU146589A/xx unknown
- 1989-07-20 DD DD89330996A patent/DD284006A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-20 DD DD89330997A patent/DD283917A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-21 CN CN89104932A patent/CN1016170B/zh not_active Expired
- 1989-07-21 DK DK361189A patent/DK361189A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-21 JP JP1187615A patent/JPH0288563A/ja active Pending
- 1989-07-21 HU HU893711A patent/HU206325B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-21 CN CN91102642A patent/CN1054593A/zh active Pending
- 1989-07-21 CN CN91102643A patent/CN1054594A/zh active Pending
- 1989-07-21 NO NO893006A patent/NO169486C/no unknown
- 1989-07-21 KR KR1019890010322A patent/KR900001662A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1990
- 1990-07-05 US US07/548,043 patent/US5051439A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-15 CN CN90107738A patent/CN1054774A/zh active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-06-03 NO NO912122A patent/NO912122D0/no unknown
- 1991-09-26 RU SU915001535A patent/RU1834661C/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT91221A (pt) | 1990-02-08 |
US5051439A (en) | 1991-09-24 |
RU1834661C (ru) | 1993-08-15 |
DK361189A (da) | 1990-01-23 |
NO893006L (no) | 1990-01-23 |
NO893006D0 (no) | 1989-07-21 |
FI893291A (fi) | 1990-01-23 |
CN1054594A (zh) | 1991-09-18 |
HU206325B (en) | 1992-10-28 |
US4965277A (en) | 1990-10-23 |
DD283917A5 (de) | 1990-10-31 |
EP0351696A3 (de) | 1990-04-18 |
ZA895341B (en) | 1990-04-25 |
FI893291A0 (fi) | 1989-07-06 |
NO912122D0 (no) | 1991-06-03 |
CN1039587A (zh) | 1990-02-14 |
YU146589A (en) | 1991-06-30 |
EP0351696A2 (de) | 1990-01-24 |
HUT51602A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
CN1054593A (zh) | 1991-09-18 |
NO169486C (no) | 1992-07-01 |
NO169486B (no) | 1992-03-23 |
JPH0288563A (ja) | 1990-03-28 |
DD284006A5 (de) | 1990-10-31 |
DK361189D0 (da) | 1989-07-21 |
PH26233A (en) | 1992-04-01 |
NO912122L (no) | 1990-01-23 |
MY104048A (en) | 1993-10-30 |
AU615087B2 (en) | 1991-09-19 |
KR900001662A (ko) | 1990-02-27 |
CN1016170B (zh) | 1992-04-08 |
AU3827789A (en) | 1990-01-25 |
NZ229783A (en) | 1990-12-21 |
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