CN105452951A - 电压控制式光学定向耦合器 - Google Patents

电压控制式光学定向耦合器 Download PDF

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CN105452951A
CN105452951A CN201480043186.7A CN201480043186A CN105452951A CN 105452951 A CN105452951 A CN 105452951A CN 201480043186 A CN201480043186 A CN 201480043186A CN 105452951 A CN105452951 A CN 105452951A
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拉米·鲁文
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Corning Optical Communications Wireless Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
    • G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/3132—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure of directional coupler type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
    • G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/16—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 series; tandem

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  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种电压控制式光学定向耦合器(VCODC)，其具有可以通过电压调谐调节到任何需要的值的耦合率。所述VCODC可以包括第一光学混合耦合器和第二光学混合耦合器，所述第一光学混合耦合器和所述第二光学混合耦合器可以通过一个或多个电压控制式光学元件彼此耦合，所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度。所述VCODC可以被配置成基于所述VCODC的所述可变耦合率而将所述VCODC的主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述VCODC的分接输出，所述可变耦合率可以取决于所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变透明度。

Description

电压控制式光学定向耦合器
相关申请的交叉引用
根据专利法，本申请要求在2013年6月12日提交的美国临时申请号61/834,066和在2013年10月22日提交的申请号61/894,129的优先权权益，所述申请的内容是本申请的基础，并且以引用的方式整体并入本文。
背景
本公开总体上涉及可以用在光通信技术中的耦合器，并且更具体而言涉及一种电压控制式光学定向耦合器和相关联的系统以及操作方法，所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器可以用在光通信网络诸如光纤网络中。
不承认本文引用的任何参考文献构成现有技术。申请人明确保留对所有引用参考文献的准确性和相关性提出质疑的权利。
概述
本公开的第一实施方案涉及一种电压控制式光学定向耦合器。本实施方案的电压控制式光学定向耦合器(VCODC)可以包括第一光学混合耦合器，其可以包括所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的主干输入。第一实施方案的VCODC还可以包括第二光学混合耦合器，其可以与所述VCODC的分接输出耦合；以及一个或多个电压控制式光学元件，其被配置成将所述第一光学混合耦合器耦合到所述第二光学混合耦合器上。所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件可以具有取决于施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度。所述VCODC可以基于所述VCODC的可变耦合率将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到分接输出。转移的光功率部分可以取决于所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的可变透明度。
第二实施方案涉及一种用于操作VCODC的方法。可以用在第二实施方案的方法中的VCODC可以包括第一光学混合耦合器，其可以包括所述VCODC的主干输入；以及与所述VCODC的分接输出耦合的第二光学混合耦合器。所述第一光学混合耦合器可以通过一个或多个电压控制式光学元件与所述第二光学混合耦合器耦合，所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度。所述方法可以包括为所述VCODC设定分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)。所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分可以基于所述VCODC的可变耦合率而转移到所述分接输出。转移的光功率部分可以取决于所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的可变透明度。所述方法还可以包括在所述VCODC的操作期间观察实际P光分接，并且确定实际P光分接是否等于目标P光分接。所述方法还可以包括在实际P光分接不等于目标P光分接的情况下通过调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压来调节所述VCODC的可变耦合率以实现所述P光分接。
第三实施方案涉及一种包括VCODC的系统。所述系统可以是例如光学网络诸如光纤网络，在其中可以实现根据各种实施方案的VCODC。第三实施方案的所述系统中包括的所述VCODC可以是第一实施方案的VCODC。第三实施方案的所述系统还可以包括控制环路，其可以被配置成在观察到的P光分接不等于目标P光分接的情况下通过调谐可以施加到所述VCODC的一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压来调节所述VCODC的可变耦合率以实现分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)。所述系统可以另外包括被配置成设定目标P光分接的处理电路。
另外的特征和优点将在详述中进行阐述，并且对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
以上概述和详述仅是示例性的，并且意图提供理解权利要求书的本质和特征的概述或框架。
附图构成本说明书的一部分。附图各自说明了一个或多个实施方案，并且连同描述用于解释各种实施方案的原理和操作。
附图简述
图1示出了基于光学定向耦合器(VCODC)的光学菊花链电源分配系统。
图2A-2D示出了光学混合耦合器的操作。
图3是根据一些示例实施方案的VCODC的方框图。
图4是根据一些示例实施方案的另一种VCODC的方框图。
图5是根据一些示例实施方案的包括VCODC的系统的方框图。
图6示出了根据依据一些示例实施方案用于操作VCODC的示例方法的流程图。
详述
光学定向耦合器将由所述光学定向耦合器的耦合率确定的固定量的光功率从主干转移到分支或分接位置。光学定向耦合器用于以多种分布拓扑诸如以菊花链拓扑来信号分配光信号。图1示出了基于光学定向耦合器的光学菊花链电源分配系统。光学定向耦合器102以菊花链拓扑配置，其中每个光学定向耦合器102将一定量的功率从主干线104转移到相应分接头106上。在大多数菊花链网络中，在每个分接头处需要具有相等的功率。由于常规光学定向耦合器具有固定的耦合率(例如，3db、6db、10db等)，菊花链的设计和配置可能是非常复杂的，并且在大多数情况下达不到最佳。在此方面，由于一定量的功率被每个光学定向耦合器102从主干线104去除，到达菊花链中每个后续光学定向耦合器102的光功率很少。因此，为了使每个相应的分接头106具有相等的功率，菊花链中的每个光学定向耦合器102必须典型地具有不同的耦合率，由此使得使用常规光学定向耦合器的菊花链的设计和配置变得复杂。此外，由于在一些情况下可能无法不经实验就确定给定分接位置所需的精确的耦合率，使用常规光学定向耦合器部署菊花链所需的时间和相关联成本可能是高不可及的。因此，使用常规光学定向耦合器的网络拓扑就菊花链长度和/或分接头数目方面而言往往实际上是受限制的。这个限制会增加总体网络部署中所需的光纤的数量，因为对菊花链长度的限制会增加容纳网络中所需数量分接头所需的主干线的数目。
本文公开的各种示例实施方案提供一种可以解决使用常规光学定向耦合器固有的设计限制的电压控制式光学耦合器。在此方面，本文公开的电压控制式光学耦合器的耦合率可以通过电压调谐来调节以实现所需的分接输出功率。因此，本文公开的电压调谐式光学定向耦合器可以降低菊花链拓扑部署中的设计复杂度，从而允许在使用常规光学定向耦合器时部署比可能情况具有更多分接头的更长的菊花链。此外，使用本文公开的电压控制式光学耦合器而可能增加的菊花链长度可以减少总体网络部署所需的光纤的数量，从而降低网络部署的成本。
图2A-2D示出了光学混合耦合器(又称为光学混合合路器)的操作，所述光学混合耦合器可以用在根据各种示例实施方案的电压控制式光学定向耦合器中。如图2A中所示的基础的光学混合耦合器的传递函数可以通过以下传递矩阵来描述：
T : = ( - 1 2 ) · 0 J 1 0 J 0 0 1 1 0 0 J 0 1 J 0 .
在这个操作中，假定端口2和端口3具有反射系数为Γ的相同反射器，并且将幅值为P的光功率注入到端口4中。根据传递矩阵，端口2处的光功率将是输入功率的一半，伴有180度的角度，并且端口3处的光功率将是输入功率的一半，伴有270度的角度(指代输入)。在这个实例中，端口2与端口3光功率之间的相移是90度。
由于端口2和端口3具有反射系数为0<Γ<1的相同反射器，如图2B中所示将从端口2和端口3反射相同量的光功率。
在反射波从端口2和端口3返回到端口4的情况下，如图2C中所示，(输入端口)所述波将以两者之间的180度相移返回，并且它们将相互抵消。在反射波中的一个从端口2和端口3返回到端口1的情况下，如图2D中所示，(输出端口)所述波将以两者之间的0°相移返回，并且它们将相加。在端口2和端口3中的反射器均衡的情况下，反射将仅返回到端口1中。由于反射器的反射系数反射到端口1中的反射功率的幅值是P端口1＝Γ·p+。
图3是根据一些示例实施方案的VCODC300的方框图。VCODC300具有可以通过电压调谐调节到任何需要的耦合率的耦合率。
VCODC300可以包括第一光学混合耦合器310和第二光学混合耦合器314，它们可以通过一个或多个电压控制式光学元件来耦合(例如，背对背连接)。第一光学混合耦合器310和第二光学混合耦合器314通过两个这种电压控制式光学元件-第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324来耦合。将了解到，虽然图3中通过举例示出了两个电压控制式光学元件，但其他布置也涵盖在本公开的范围中。例如，单个电压控制式光学元件可以用于跨越第一光学混合耦合器310与第二光学混合耦合器314之间的两组耦合端口。因此，在本文参考第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的情况下，将了解到，这种参考是举例，并且不进行限制，以使得在本公开的范围内，涉及一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的其他布置加以必要的变通可以取代第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324。
用于耦合第一光学混合耦合器310和第二光学混合耦合器314的电压控制式光学元件(例如，第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324)可以通过任何光学元件来实现，所述任何光学元件具有取决于施加到一个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度。例如，透镜诸如电压控制式光学反射器可以用于实现第一电压控制式光学元件320和/或第二电压控制式光学元件324。
诸如可以包括黑色或不透明结构的光学终端330可以连接到第二光学混合耦合器314的下输出上。第二光学混合耦合器324的其他端口可以与VCODC300的分接输出耦合。在图3中所示的实施方案中，第二光学混合耦合器324可以与光学耦合器340耦合，所述光学耦合器340可以提供VCODC300的分接输出346。
第一光学混合耦合器310可以包括和/或以其他方式与主干输入342耦合，所述主干输入342可以接收一个输入光功率P光输入。VCODC300可以被配置成将分接输入342接收的功率的一部分(例如，P光输入的一部分)转移到分接输出346。光功率中转移到分接输出346的部分可以被称为P光分接。主干输入342接收的光功率中未转移到分接输出346的部分可以传递到主干输出348，并且可以被称为P光输出。
主干输出348处P光输出的光功率值随VCODC300的耦合率变化，并且可以通过以下等式来描述：
P光输出＝Γ·p+，其中反射系数Γ与用于耦合第一光学混合耦合器310和第二光学混合耦合器314的电压控制式光学元件(例如，第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324)的电压控制透明度相关。
P光分接的光功率值同样地随VCODC300的耦合率变化，并且可以通过以下等式来描述：
P光分接＝P光输入·(1-Γ)。
VCODC300还可以包括和/或以其他方式与控制环路348耦合。控制环路348可以被配置成在VCODC300的操作期间观察到的实际P光分接不等于目标P光分接的情况下，调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324上的电压来调节VCODC300的可变耦合率以维持和/或以其他方式实现目标P光分接。在此方面，控制环路348可以被配置成在所观察到的P光分接小于目标P光分接的情况下，调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324上的电压以提高第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的透明度，并且可以被配置成在所观察到的P光分接大于目标P光分接的情况下，调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324上的电压以降低第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的透明度。
一些示例实施方案的控制环路348可以包括传感器350和电压控制器360。传感器350可以体现为任何传感器，所述传感器被配置成在VCODC300的操作期间感测实际P光分接并且产生指示实际P光分接的值的校正信号。所述校正信号可以包括具有与传感器350观察到的实际P光分接的光功率对应的值的校正电压。例如，诸如下文针对图4所示和所述，传感器350可以实现为光电二极管，所述光电二极管可以被定位成使得其可以通过分接输出346(例如，通过光学耦合器340的输出)来照明，并且可以被配置成基于所述照明来产生校正电压。
由传感器350产生的校正信号可以传递到电压控制器360。还可以向电压控制器360提供目标P光分接值362的指示。目标P光分接值362可以是可以基于所需P光分接值来调节的可调谐阈值，或设定点。在一些示例实施方案中，诸如下文针对图5所示和所述，目标P光分接值362可以通过处理电路来控制，所述处理电路可以被配置成控制网络中实现的一个或多个VCODC300。
电压控制器360可以体现为任何电路，所述电路可以被配置成基于从传感器350接收的校正信号来调谐供应到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的电压，以实现目标P光分接值362。在此方面，电压控制器360可以被配置成在所观察到的P光分接小于目标P光分接的情况下，调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324上的电压以提高第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的透明度。在一些实施方案中，提高第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的透明度还可以降低第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的反射率。电压控制器360可以被进一步配置成在所观察到的P光分接大于目标P光分接的情况下，调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324上的电压以降低第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的透明度。降低第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的透明度还可以提高第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的反射率。电压控制器360因此可以被配置成通过产生馈送到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的电压来闭合控制环路348。
在一些实施方案中，诸如下文针对图4所示和所述，电压控制器360可以包括环路滤波器。在这类实施方案中，可以从传感器350接收的控制信号可以是校正电压(诸如可以由光电二极管供应)，并且可以供应到电压控制器360中的目标P光分接值362的指示可以是与目标光分接对应的阈值电压(例如，参考电压)。电压控制器360可以被配置成基于校正电压与阈值电压之间的关系来调谐供应到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324中的电压。在此方面，如果校正电压和阈值电压不相等，电压控制器360可以调谐供应到第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324中的电压，直到校正电压基本上等于阈值电压为止。
因此，VCODC300的耦合率可以通过电压调谐来调节以实现目标P光分 接，所述目标P光分接可能是网络拓扑中的部署需要的和/或另外期望的。以此状态，VCODC300可以维持基本上恒定的P光分接。根据一个方面，VCODC300可以用于构建优化的、易于设计的菊花链网络，而存在与常规光学定向耦合器相比较降低的(例如，最小的)功率损耗。
图4是根据一些示例实施方案的另一种VCODC400的方框图。在此方面，VCODC400可以是VCODC300的一个实施方案。根据一些实施方案，VCODC400具有可以通过电压调谐调节到任何需要的耦合率的耦合率。
VCODC400可以包括第一光学混合耦合器410和第二光学混合耦合器414，它们可以分别是第一光学混合耦合器310和第二光学混合耦合器314的实施方案。第一光学混合耦合器410和第二光学混合耦合器414可以通过第一电压控制式光学反射器420和第二电压控制式光学反射器424来耦合(例如，背对背连接)。第一电压控制式光学反射器420和第二电压控制式光学反射器424可以例如是第一电压控制式光学元件320和第二电压控制式光学元件324的实施方案。
诸如可以包括黑色或不透明结构的光学终端430可以连接到第二光学混合耦合器414的下输出上。第二光学混合耦合器424的其他部分可以与光学耦合器440耦合，所述光学耦合器440可以提供VCODC400的分接输出446。
第一光学混合耦合器410可以包括和/或以其他方式与主干输入442耦合，所述主干输入442可以接收一个输入光功率P光输入。VCODC400可以被配置成将分接输入442接收的功率的一部分(例如，P光输入的一部分)转移到分接输出446。光功率中转移到分接输出446的部分可以被称为P光分接。主干输入442接收的光功率中未转移到分接输出446的部分可以传递到主干输出448，并且可以被称为P光输出。
与VCODC300类似，主干输出448处P光输出的光功率值随VCODC400的耦合率变化，并且可以通过以下等式来描述：
P光输出＝Γ·p+，其中反射系数Γ与第一电压控制式光学反射器420和第二电压控制式光学反射器424的电压控制透明度相关。
P光分接的光功率值同样地随VCODC400的耦合率变化，并且可以通过以下等式来描述：
P光分接＝P光输入·(1-Γ)。
VCODC400还可以包括可以形成控制环路的光电二极管450和环路滤波器460，所述控制环路可以被配置成调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学反射器420和第二电压控制式光学反射器424上的电压以将P光分接调谐到目标值。光电二极管450可以例如是传感器350的一个实施方案。环路滤波器460可以例如是电压控制器360的一个实施方案。在此方面，光电二极管450和环路滤波器460可以统一形成控制环路348的一个实施方案。
光学耦合器440的输出可以为光电二极管450照明，所述光电二极管450可以被配置成通过光学耦合器440的输出产生与所观察到的P光分接有关的校正电压。产生的校正电压可以传递到环路滤波器460，所述环路滤波器460还可以供应有可能与目标P光分接对应的可调谐阈值电压462(例如，参考电压)。在一些示例实施方案中，诸如下文针对图5所示和所述，阈值电压462可以通过处理电路来供应和/或以其他方式控制，所述处理电路可以被配置成控制网络中实现的一个或多个VCODC400。
环路滤波器460可以被配置成至少部分基于阈值电压462与由光电二极管450产生的校正电压之间的关系来调谐施加到第一电压控制式光学反射器420和第二电压控制式光学反射器424中的电压。环路滤波器460因此可以通过基于阈值电压462与由光电二极管450产生的校正电压之间的关系产生馈送到第一电压控制式光学反射器420和第二电压控制式光学反射器424中的电压来闭合VCODC400的控制环路。
VCODC400的耦合率因此可以通过电压调谐来调节以实现目标P光分接，所述目标P光分接可能是网络拓扑中的部署需要的和/或另外期望的。根据一个方面，VCODC400可以用于构建优化的、易于设计的菊花链网络，而存在与常规光学定向耦合器相比较降低的(例如，最小的)功率损耗。
图5是根据一些示例实施方案的包括VCODC502的系统500的方框图。VCODC502可以体现为本文公开的任何VCODC，诸如VCODC300或VCODC400。VCODC502可以包括和/或以其他方式与控制环路548耦合，所述控制环路548可以例如包括控制环路348的一个实施方案。
控制环路548可以包括传感器550和电压控制器560。传感器550可以被配置成观察VCODC502的实际P光分接，并且产生指示实际P光分接的校正信号。在此方面，传感器550可以例如是传感器350的一个实施方案。电压控制器560可以被配置成接收由传感器550产生的校正信号。电压控制器560还可以供应有目标P光分接562的可调谐指示，所述目标P光分接562可以例如是与目标P光分接对应的阈值电压。电压控制器560可以被配置成通过电压调谐来调节VCODC502的耦合率以实现目标P光分接，所述电压调谐可以基于目标P光分接562的可调谐指示和校正信号来执行。在此方面，电压控制器560可以例如是电压控制器360的一个实施方案。
目标P光分接562可以通过处理电路570来供应和/或以其他方式控制。在一些示例实施方案中，处理电路570可以包括处理器572，并且在一些实施方案中(诸如图5中所示)还可以包括存储器574。
处理器572可以体现为各种形式。例如，处理器572可以体现为各种硬件处理装置诸如微处理器、协处理器、控制器或各种其他计算或处理装置，包括集成电路例如像ASIC(应用专用集成电路)、FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)、它们的一些组合等。虽然示出为单一处理器，但将了解，处理器572可以包括多个处理器。在一些示例实施方案中，处理器572可以被配置成执行可以存储在存储器574和/或可以其他方式由处理器572存取的指令。因此，无论是由硬件配置还是由硬件和软件的组合配置，处理器572都可以被配置成根据各种示例实施方案控制一个或多个VCODC502的目标P光分接。
在一些示例实施方案中，存储器574可以包括一个或多个存储器和/或其他存储装置。存储器574可以包括固定的和/或可去除的存储器装置。在一些实施方案中，存储器574可以提供非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其可以存储可以由处理器572执行的计算机程序指令。在此方面，存储器574可以被配置成存储信息、数据、应用程序、指令和/或类似物以用于使得处理器572能够控制一个或多个VCODC502的目标P光分接。
系统500可以在包括一个或多个VCODC的网络拓扑中实现。例如，在一些部署中，系统500可以在包括多个VCODC502的菊花链拓扑内实现。处理电路570在这类部署中可以与多个VCODC502的控制环路对接，以控制每个相应的VCODC502的目标P光分接。在这类部署中，处理电路570可以被配置成为每个相应的VCODC502单独设定目标P光分接，或可以被配置成为所有VCODC502设定通用目标P光分接，这取决于具体的网络拓扑和/或其他网络设计规格/需求。
图6示出了根据用于操作具有可变耦合率的VCODC诸如VCODC300、400、和/或500的示例方法的流程图。
操作600可以包括为VCODC设定分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)，并且可以由处理电路诸如电路570执行。操作600可以包括向控制环路的元件诸如电压控制器(例如，电压控制器360、环路滤波器460、和/或电压控制器560)提供作为设定点的目标P光分接的指示，以使得控制环路能够调节VCODC的耦合率以实现目标P光分接。例如，操作600可以包括向电压控制器供应与目标P光分接对应的阈值或参考电压。
操作610可以包括观察VCODC的分接输出处的实际P光分接。操作610可以由传感器诸如传感器350、光电二极管450、和/或传感器550执行，所述传感器可以在控制环路内实现。操作610可以包括产生指示实际P光分接的校正信号的传感器。
操作620可以包括确定实际P光分接是否等于目标P光分接。操作620可以由电压控制器诸如电压控制器360、环路滤波器460、和/或电压控制器560执行。操作620可以基于指示伴随完成操作610可以供应到电压控制器中的实际P光分接的控制信号来执行。例如，在校正信号是校正电压并且目标P光分 接经由阈值电压来指示的实施方案中，操作620可以通过确定校正电压与阈值电压之间的关系来执行。
在操作620处确定实际P光分接不等于目标P光分接的情况下，所述方法可以进行至操作630，所述操作630可以包括控制环路调节VCODC的可变耦合率以实现目标P光分接。在此方面，操作630可以包括调谐施加到电压控制式光学耦合器内的一个或多个电压控制式光学元件(例如，电压控制式光学元件320，324；电压控制式光学反射器420，424；和/或类似物)上的电压，以在实际P光分接小于目标P光分接的情况下提高电压控制式光学元件的透明度；或在实际P光分接大于目标P光分接的情况下降低电压控制式光学元件的透明度。操作630可以由电压控制器诸如电压控制器360、环路滤波器460、和/或电压控制器560执行，所述电压控制器可以在控制环路内实现。
然而，如果在操作620处确定实际P光分接等于(例如，在可能随设计规格而变的误差界限内基本上等于)目标P光分接，所述方法可以替代地进行至操作640，所述操作640可以包括维持VCODC的电流耦合率。
在一些实施方案中，所述方法可以在完成操作630之后和/或在操作640之后返回到操作610。在此方面，操作610-640可以在VCODC的操作期间由控制环路持续执行，以便维持目标P光分接。
除非另外明确说明，否则决不意图将本文陈述的任何方法解释为要求以特定顺序执行其步骤。因此，在方法权利要求项未实际叙述其步骤所遵循的顺序或在权利要求书或描述中未另外具体陈述各步骤将限于特定顺序的情况下，决不意图推断任何特定顺序。
本领域技术人员将清楚的是，可以进行各种修改和变化而不脱离本发明的精神或范围。由于本领域技术人员可以想出结合本发明的精神和实质的公开实施方案的修改组合、子组合以及变化，本发明应解释为包括随附权利要求书及其等效物的范围内的任何事物。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其包括：
第一光学混合耦合器，其包括主干输入和主干输出；
第二光学混合耦合器，其与分接输出耦合；以及
至少一个电压控制式光学元件，其被配置成将所述第一光学混合耦合器耦合到所述第二光学混合耦合器上，并且将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述主干输出，所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变反射；
其中所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器被配置成基于所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的可变耦合率而将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述分接输出并且将所述光功率的一部分转移到所述主干输出，所述可变耦合率取决于所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变反射。
2.如权利要求1所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其还包括：
控制环路，其被配置成在观察到的P光分接不等于所述分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)的情况下通过调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压来调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率以实现所述目标P光分接。
3.如权利要求2所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述控制环路包括：
传感器，其被配置成产生指示所观察到的P光分接的校正信号；以及
电压控制器，其被配置成至少部分基于所述校正信号来调谐施加到所述至少电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
4.如权利要求3所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述校正信号包括校正电压，并且其中所述电压控制器被配置成至少部分基于所述校正电压与同所述目标P光分接对应的阈值电压之间的关系来调谐施加到所述至少电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
5.如权利要求4所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述电压控制器包括环路滤波器。
6.如权利要求3所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述传感器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管被定位成通过来自所述分接输出的输出照明，并且被配置成基于来自所述分接输出的照明产生校正电压，并且其中所述校正信号包括由所述光电二极管产生的所述校正电压。
7.如权利要求2所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述控制环路被配置成调谐施加到所述至少电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接小于所述目标P光分接的情况下减少所述至少电压控制式光学元件的反射。
8.如权利要求2所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述控制环路被配置成调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接大于所述目标P光分接的情况下增加所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的反射。
9.一种用于操作电压控制式光学定向耦合器的方法，所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器包括：
第一光学混合耦合器，其包括主干输入和主干输出；以及
第二光学混合耦合器，其与所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的分接输出耦合，所述第一光学混合耦合器通过至少一个电压控制式光学元件与所述第二光学混合耦合器耦合，所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变反射，所述方法包括：
为所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器设定所述分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)，其中所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分基于所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的可变耦合率而转移到所述分接输出，所述可变耦合率取决于所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变反射；
观察实际P光分接；
确定所述实际P光分接是否等于所述目标P光分接；并且
在所述实际P光分接不等于所述目标P光分接的情况下通过调谐施加到所述至少电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压来调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率以实现所述目标P光分接，并且调节改变所述输入主干接收的以及所述输出主干转移的所述光功率部分。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括：
调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所述实际P光分接小于所述目标P光分接的情况下减少所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的反射；并且
调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所述实际P光分接大于所述目标P光分接的情况下增加所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的反射。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中：
观察所述实际P光分接包括传感器检测所述实际P光分接并且产生指示所述实际P光分接的校正信号；以及
调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括电压控制器至少部分基于所述校正信号来调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述校正信号包括校正电压，并且其中调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括所述电压控制器至少部分基于所述校正电压与同所述目标P光分接对应的阈值电压之间的关系来调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中：
设定所述目标P光分接包括向控制环路提供与所述目标P光分接对应的目标电压；以及
调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括所述控制环路调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中设定所述目标P光分接包括处理电路为所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器设定所述目标P光分接。
15.一种系统，其包括：
电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其包括：
第一光学混合耦合器，其包括主干输入和主干输出；
第二光学混合耦合器，其与分接输出耦合；以及
至少电压控制式光学元件，其被配置成将所述第一光学混合耦合器耦合到所述第二光学混合耦合器上，所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变反射；
其中所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器被配置成基于所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的可变耦合率而将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述分接输出并且将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述主干输出，所述可变耦合率取决于所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变反射；
控制环路，其被配置成在观察到的P光分接不等于所述分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)的情况下通过调谐施加到所述至少电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压来调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率以实现所述目标P光分接；以及
处理电路，其被配置成设定所述目标P光分接。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述控制环路被配置来：
调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接小于所述目标P光分接的情况下减少所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的反射；并且
调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接大于所述目标P光分接的情况下增加所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件的反射。
17.如权利要求15或16所述的系统，其中所述控制环路包括：
传感器，其被配置成产生指示所观察到的P光分接的校正信号；以及
电压控制器，其被配置成至少部分基于所述校正信号来调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述校正信号包括校正电压，并且其中：
所述处理电路被配置成设定与所述目标P光分接对应的阈值电压；以及
所述电压控制器被配置成至少部分基于所述校正电压与所述阈值电压之间的关系来调谐施加到所述至少一个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述传感器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管被定位成通过来自所述分接输出的输出照明，并且被配置成基于来自所述分接输出的照明产生所述校正电压。

Claims (20)

1.一种电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其包括：
第一光学混合耦合器，其包括主干输入；
第二光学混合耦合器，其与分接输出耦合；以及
一个或多个电压控制式光学元件，其被配置成将所述第一光学混合耦合器耦合到所述第二光学混合耦合器上，所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度；
其中所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器被配置成基于所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的可变耦合率而将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述分接输出，所述可变耦合率取决于所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变透明度。
2.如权利要求1所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件包括一个或多个电压控制式光学反射器。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其还包括：
控制环路，其被配置成在观察到的P光分接不等于所述分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)的情况下通过调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压来调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率以实现所述目标P光分接。
4.如权利要求3所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述控制环路包括：
传感器，其被配置成产生指示所观察到的P光分接的校正信号；以及
电压控制器，其被配置成至少部分基于所述校正信号来调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
5.如权利要求4所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述校正信号包括校正电压，并且其中所述电压控制器被配置成至少部分基于所述校正电压与同所述目标P光分接对应的阈值电压之间的关系来调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
6.如权利要求5所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述电压控制器包括环路滤波器。
7.如权利要求4所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述传感器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管被定位成通过来自所述分接输出的输出照明，并且被配置成基于来自所述分接输出的照明产生校正电压，并且其中所述校正信号包括由所述光电二极管产生的所述校正电压。
8.如权利要求3所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述控制环路被配置成调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接小于所述目标P光分接的情况下提高所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的透明度。
9.如权利要求3所述的电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其中所述控制环路被配置成调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接大于所述目标P光分接的情况下降低所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的透明度。
10.一种用于操作电压控制式光学定向耦合器的方法，所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器包括：
第一光学混合耦合器，其包括主干输入；以及
第二光学混合耦合器，其与所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的分接输出耦合，所述第一光学混合耦合器通过一个或多个电压控制式光学元件与所述第二光学混合耦合器耦合，所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度，所述方法包括：
为所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器设定所述分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)，其中所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分基于所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的可变耦合率而转移到所述分接输出，所述可变耦合率取决于所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变透明度；
观察实际P光分接；
确定所述实际P光分接是否等于所述目标P光分接；并且
在所述实际P光分接不等于所述目标P光分接的情况下通过调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压来调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率以实现所述目标P光分接。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括：
调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所述实际P光分接小于所述目标P光分接的情况下提高所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的透明度；并且
调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所述实际P光分接大于所述目标P光分接的情况下降低所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的透明度。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中：
观察所述实际P光分接包括传感器检测所述实际P光分接并且产生指示所述实际P光分接的校正信号；以及
调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括电压控制器至少部分基于所述校正信号来调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述校正信号包括校正电压，并且其中调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括所述电压控制器至少部分基于所述校正电压与同所述目标P光分接对应的阈值电压之间的关系来调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中：
设定所述目标P光分接包括向控制环路提供与所述目标P光分接对应的目标电压；以及
调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率包括所述控制环路调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中设定所述目标P光分接包括处理电路为所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器设定所述目标P光分接。
16.一种系统，其包括：
电压控制式光学定向耦合器，其包括：
第一光学混合耦合器，其包括主干输入；
第二光学混合耦合器，其与分接输出耦合；以及
一个或多个电压控制式光学元件，其被配置成将所述第一光学混合耦合器耦合到所述第二光学混合耦合器上，所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件具有取决于施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的电压的可变透明度；
其中所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器被配置成基于所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的可变耦合率而将所述主干输入接收的光功率的一部分转移到所述分接输出，所述可变耦合率取决于所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的所述可变透明度；
控制环路，其被配置成在观察到的P光分接不等于所述分接输出处的目标光功率(P光分接)的情况下通过调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压来调节所述电压控制式光学定向耦合器的所述可变耦合率以实现所述目标P光分接；以及
处理电路，其被配置成设定所述目标P光分接。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统，其中所述控制环路被配置来：
调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接小于所述目标P光分接的情况下提高所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的透明度；并且
调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压，以在所观察到的P光分接大于所述目标P光分接的情况下降低所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件的透明度。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的系统，其中所述控制环路包括：
传感器，其被配置成产生指示所观察到的P光分接的校正信号；以及
电压控制器，其被配置成至少部分基于所述校正信号来调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述校正信号包括校正电压，并且其中：
所述处理电路被配置成设定与所述目标P光分接对应的阈值电压；以及
所述电压控制器被配置成至少部分基于所述校正电压与所述阈值电压之间的关系来调谐施加到所述一个或多个电压控制式光学元件上的所述电压。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统，其中所述传感器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管被定位成通过来自所述分接输出的输出照明，并且被配置成基于来自所述分接输出的照明产生所述校正电压。
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US9715157B2 (en) 2017-07-25
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