CN105103856A

CN105103856A - Method for cultivating moringa oleifera suitable in northern area

Info

Publication number: CN105103856A
Application number: CN201510499612.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭燕锋; 姜峰
Original assignee: Guangzhou Yanghuahu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; Qingdao Yanghuahu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Yanghuahu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; Qingdao Yanghuahu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-08-15
Filing date: 2015-08-15
Publication date: 2015-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2035-08-15
Also published as: CN105103856B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating moringa oleifera suitable in the northern area, and aims at solving the problems that when the moringa oleifera is planted in the northern area in China, the moringa oleifera is not accustomed to the climate, low in the planting germination rate, low in planting and growing speed, and low in yield of fresh leaves. The moringa oleifera is planted by the method disclosed by the invention, so that the moringa oleifera in the northern area is high in the germination rate, high in yield and beneficial, and can rapidly grow.

Description

A kind of method for cultivating Moringa oleifera be suitable at northern area

Technical field

The present invention relates to cultivation of plants method, particularly relate to a kind of method at north Moringa.

Background technology

Moringa belongs to Capparales Moringaceae, originates in India, and be also called drumstick tree, be perennial tropical deciduous tree, about there are 14 kinds in the whole world.Adult Moringa plant height 3 ~ 12 meters, bark cork matter; Branch has obvious hole skin and leaf scar, and sprig has pubescence; Moringa has the outstanding features such as high calcium, high protein, high microsteping, low fat, has effects such as strengthening muscle power, treatment anaemia, diabetes-alleviating complication, suppression germ, expeling parasite.Moringa is containing 20 seed amino acids of having an appointment, and 46 kinds of antioxidants, are rich in vitamin and mineral matter.Protein contained by Moringa is two times of milk, and potassium contained by Moringa is three times of banana, and Moringa institute iron content is three times of spinach, and Moringa contained vitamin C is seven times of oranges and tangerines, and Moringa contained vitamin A is (B carrot) four times.Its fresh and tender branches and leaves can directly eat as vegetables, are called as the most nutritious tree in the world.Moringa happiness illumination, has very strong adaptability to rainfall, is comparatively suitable for planting in subtropical and tropical zones, and to soil condition and temperature more responsive, especially the northern area of China plantation Moringa exist weather be not suitable with, plantation germination rate low, plantation growth is comparatively slow, and fresh leaf-making quantity is not high.

Summary of the invention

Be not suitable with for solution exists weather at the northern area of China plantation Moringa, plantation germination rate is low, plantation growth is slower, the not high problem of fresh leaf-making quantity, the invention provides a kind of method be suitable at north Moringa, its cultivation method is effectively convenient, and Moringa can be made at northern area stable growth, and Highly effective.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

(1) seed selection and vernalization process: selects that kind is pure, high-quality, without damage by disease and insect, fruit maturity is good, full seed, and nothing is gone mouldy, and seeds is no more than the seed of 1 year.Soak 15-20 hour thermostat water bath 45 DEG C before sowing, soak the fulvo acid adding 0.1%, guarantee that seed fully absorbs water.After picking up airing, be transferred to climatic chamber vernalization, the adjustment temperature of climatic chamber is at 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity is 80% ~ 90%.Before vernalization, " carbendazim " solution of 500 times is first used to carry out seed disinfection.

(2) seedbed nursery: the peat selecting gas permeability strong as seedling bed, and adopts " carbendazim " solution of 600 times to carry out disinfection to seedling bed, then cave bed nursery, one, every cave seed.When length of sprouting is 3 ~ 5cm, the vernalization stage terminates.Usual seedbed germination time is 10 ~ 15 days.Shelter from heat or light in seedbed, moisturizing, and temperature controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C.

(3) nutritional bag: when seedling is 3 ~ 5 blades, migrated to nutritious bag.Nutritious bag height is selected to be 8 ~ 12cm, diameter is 6 ~ 10cm, nutritious bag matrix is peat soil, perlite, calcium magnesium phosphate mixture (each component ratio is 8:1.6:0.4), adopts " carbendazim " solution of employing 600 times to carry out disinfection to nutritious bag matrix before transplanting.The nutritious bag that moringa seeds is housed neatly is put, and is placed in booth, every 2 ~ 3 days trickles once.Nutriment in a fertilizer manages: nursery after 10 days spray in every 15 days 1 time 1000 times fertile containing humus sour water dissolubility.

(4) garden plantation: when Moringa seedling grows to 10 ~ 20cm, Moringa seedling being migrated to the winter warms up the plantation of vertical greenhouse garden, lower sufficient base manure, Furrow sowing, and to add line-spacing be 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is 1.2m.More adapting to northern temperature (about 10 DEG C) for improving Moringa, Cold Acclimation being taked to Moringa: temperature regulates at 30 ~ 25 DEG C by the first stage, maintains 10 days; When second stage, progressively temperature is regulated at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, maintain about 20 days; In the phase III, progressively temperature is down to 10-15 DEG C gradually, maintains about 30 days.When temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, intensification is carried out to temperature in booth and regulates, avoid the low temperature of less than 10 DEG C.Through the Cold Acclimation of three phases, Moringa can improve the ability adapting to low temperature greatly.

(5) training is downgraded: for increasing the output of greenhouse gardening Moringa tender leaf, dwarfing branch process is carried out to Moringa: when Moringa seedling grows tall to 20cm, first time pinching process is taked to Moringa, and sprays efficient water soluble containing humic acid fertilizer, promote that Moringa grows more multiple-limb.First time retains 4 ~ 6, branch, when branch grows to 20cm from wooden fork mouth, takes second time pinching; After second time pinching, every retains 3 ~ 4, branch, when branch grows to 20cm from wooden fork mouth, takes third time pinching; After each pinching, use sufficient nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, make Moringa trunk sturdy, well developed root system.After three pinching, whole strain Moringa height of tree degree is 60cm ~ 80cm.After pinching branch, often through 10 ~ 20 days, when the tender tooth in branch grows to 30 ~ 40cm, just can pluck the long browse of 10 ~ 15cm as Moringa fresh vegetable, after each harvesting, spray high-efficiency foliage fertilizer.Each harvesting, pinching place keeps same level position.Through repeatedly plucking, Moringa tree number fist is smooth, and shoot is highly consistent, is convenient to mechanized harvest.

Embodiment

Test and carry out in the plastic tunnel in the bright villages and small towns of Shandong Province's Pingdu City in November, 2013.In nursery on November 3.Seedling growth test establishes 5 process: process 1, with the water seed soaking 5h (contrast) of 45 DEG C; Process 2, with the water seed soaking 15h of 45 DEG C; The fulvo acid seed soaking 5h of process 3,0.1%; Process 4, with the fulvo acid seed soaking 10h of 0.1%; The fulvo acid seed soaking 15h of process 5,0.1%; The fulvo acid seed soaking 20h of process 6,0.1%.After soil insect-killing sterilization is carried out with " worm kill only " and " carbendazim " in seedbed, on March 6th, 2008, the seed handled well is evenly put in seed furrow by the kind distance of 3 ~ 5cm, the thin river sand covering 1 ~ 2cm rewaters, and keeps soil moisture to promote that Moringa seed germinates.Its experimental result is as following table 1.

The different seed soaking time of table 1 is on the impact of moringa seeds germination rate

。

Result shows: in seedling growth test, and the fulvo acid seed soaking 15h emergence rate of 0.1% is up to 88%, higher by 33% than contrast; Next is the fulvo acid seed soaking 20h emergence rate of 0.1% is 85%.

Embodiment 2

Test and carry out in the plastic tunnel in the bright villages and small towns of Shandong Province's Pingdu City in January ,-2014 in November, 2013.Choose the consistent Moringa seedling of growth long (plant height 17 ~ 20cm) to migrate to the winter and warm up the plantation of vertical greenhouse garden, lower sufficient base manure, Furrow sowing, planting density is line-spacing is 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is 1.2m.Process 1, control treatment, does not regulate the temperature in booth; Process 2, when booth temperature is lower than 15 degree, carry out intensification to temperature in booth and regulate, temperature regulates at 20 ~ 25 degree by the first stage, maintains 10 days; When second stage, progressively temperature is regulated at 18 ~ 20 degree, maintain 20 days, in the phase III, progressively temperature is down to 15 degree gradually, maintain 30 days.

The impact that table 2 Cold Acclimation grows Moringa

Result shows: compared with control treatment, and the plant height processing 2 Moringas, apparently higher than control group, through the Cold Acclimation of three phases, can improve the ability adapting to low temperature greatly.

Claims

1. be suitable for, in a method for north Moringa, it is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

(1) seed selection and vernalization process: selects that kind is pure, high-quality, without damage by disease and insect, fruit maturity is good, full seed, and nothing is gone mouldy, and seeds is no more than the seed of 1 year; Soak 15-20 hour thermostat water bath 45 DEG C before sowing, soak the fulvo acid adding 0.1%, guarantee that seed fully absorbs water; After picking up airing, be transferred to climatic chamber vernalization, the adjustment temperature of climatic chamber is at 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity is 80% ~ 90%; Before vernalization, " carbendazim " solution of 500 times is first used to carry out seed disinfection;

(2) seedbed nursery: the peat selecting gas permeability strong as seedling bed, and adopts " carbendazim " solution of 600 times to carry out disinfection to seedling bed, then cave bed nursery, one, every cave seed; When length of sprouting is 3 ~ 5cm, the vernalization stage terminates; Usual seedbed germination time is 10 ~ 15 days; Shelter from heat or light in seedbed, moisturizing, and temperature controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C;

(3) nutritional bag: when seedling is 3 ~ 5 blades, migrated to nutritious bag; Nutritious bag height is selected to be 8 ~ 12cm, diameter is 6 ~ 10cm, nutritious bag matrix is peat soil, perlite, calcium magnesium phosphate mixture (each component ratio is 8:1.6:0.4), adopts " carbendazim " solution of employing 600 times to carry out disinfection to nutritious bag matrix before transplanting; The nutritious bag that moringa seeds is housed neatly is put, and is placed in booth, every 2 ~ 3 days trickles once; Nutriment in a fertilizer manages: nursery after 10 days spray in every 15 days 1 time 1000 times fertile containing humus sour water dissolubility;

(4) garden plantation: when Moringa seedling grows to 10 ~ 20cm, Moringa seedling being migrated to the winter warms up the plantation of vertical greenhouse garden, lower sufficient base manure, Furrow sowing, and to add line-spacing be 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is 1.2m; More adapting to northern temperature (about 10 DEG C) for improving Moringa, Cold Acclimation being taked to Moringa: temperature regulates at 30 ~ 25 DEG C by the first stage, maintains 10 days; When second stage, progressively temperature is regulated at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, maintain about 20 days; In the phase III, progressively temperature is down to 10-15 DEG C gradually, maintains about 30 days; When temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, intensification is carried out to temperature in booth and regulates, avoid the low temperature of less than 10 DEG C; Through the Cold Acclimation of three phases, Moringa can improve the ability adapting to low temperature greatly;

(5) training is downgraded: for increasing the output of greenhouse gardening Moringa tender leaf, dwarfing branch process is carried out to Moringa: when Moringa seedling grows tall to 20cm, first time pinching process is taked to Moringa, and sprays efficient water soluble containing humic acid fertilizer, promote that Moringa grows more multiple-limb; First time retains 4 ~ 6, branch, when branch grows to 20cm from wooden fork mouth, takes second time pinching; After second time pinching, every retains 3 ~ 4, branch, when branch grows to 20cm from wooden fork mouth, takes third time pinching; After each pinching, use sufficient nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, make Moringa trunk sturdy, well developed root system; After three pinching, whole strain Moringa height of tree degree is 60cm ~ 80cm; After pinching branch, often through 10 ~ 20 days, when the tender tooth in branch grows to 30 ~ 40cm, just can pluck the long browse of 10 ~ 15cm as Moringa fresh vegetable, after each harvesting, spray high-efficiency foliage fertilizer; Each harvesting, pinching place keeps same level position; Through repeatedly plucking, Moringa tree number fist is smooth, and shoot is highly consistent, is convenient to mechanized harvest.