CN111727931A - Method for planting moringa oleifera trees in sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising - Google Patents
Method for planting moringa oleifera trees in sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating artificial grass and geese by planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: 1. the moringa oleifera tree is planted in a sunlight greenhouse, and two ways are adopted: the first mode is as follows: transplanting by using a moringa oleifera seedling; the second mode is as follows: directly sowing seeds for planting; after the moringa oleifera is subjected to fixed drying in any mode, harvesting and trimming the moringa oleifera in time; 2. artificial grass growing, namely selecting excellent grass seeds which are favorite by geese and have high growth speed to artificially grow grass among the rows of the moringa oleifera after the moringa oleifera seedlings are planted or sown; 3. and (3) grazing and raising the geese, when the height of the pasture exceeds 30cm, uniformly scattering the moringa stem leaves with the feed amount within 10 percent in 2 hours of the geese on a grass cluster, then driving the goose group into a sunlight greenhouse to peck the pasture and the moringa stem leaves, wherein the number of the geese in the goose group grazed per mu of land is not more than 100, and the grazing time is not more than 2 hours. The invention solves the problems that tropical and subtropical arbor moringa oleifera cannot overwinter in northern China, goose green forage is seriously insufficient in winter, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for artificially growing grass and keeping geese by planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
Moringa root, stem, leaf, flower, seed, etc. have medical health care function, and can enhance the immunity of human body, prevent various diseases and delay senility after being eaten for a long time. Therefore, the extensive planting of the moringa oleifera is beneficial to improving the health level of people in China, has wide market prospect and can bring great economic benefit. However, the moringa oleifera belongs to tropical and subtropical arbors, the suitable growth temperature range is 25-35 ℃, and the moringa oleifera cannot normally overwinter when planted in northern areas of China. And the moringa tree is shrunken, so that the height of the moringa tree is kept at 170-180 cm, and the moringa tree is planted in a sunlight greenhouse, so that the problem that the moringa tree cannot live through the winter in the north can be solved, and the annual production of the moringa tree is realized. The moringa oleifera is not only a food with medical and health care functions, but also a high-quality feed with rich contents of protein, crude fat, total sugar, total flavone, vitamin C and trace elements in different parts, especially in moringa oleifera stems and leaves. The moringa stem leaves are added into the daily ration of the livestock and poultry, so that the production performance and the organism immunity of the livestock and poultry can be improved, the use of hormones and antibiotics in the production process of livestock and poultry products is reduced, the heavy metal pollution and the residues of the biological hormones and antibiotics in the livestock and poultry products are reduced, the green production of the livestock and poultry products is promoted, and the food safety is improved. The goose is a kind of herbivorous poultry, and the goose raising is an important way to save grain, relieve the conflict of food between people and poultry and guarantee the national food safety. However, due to the fact that the temperature is low in winter in northern China, growth of various pasture grasses is stopped, serious shortage of forage grasses for geese in winter is caused, death or malnutrition of geese is caused, and income of goose farmers is reduced.
The method is characterized in that the function of warming and cold-proof of a sunlight greenhouse is utilized, the moringa tree is planted in the sunlight greenhouse, pasture is produced on the open space between rows of the tree, geese are raised in a grazing mode in due time, and an ecosystem of the moringa tree, pasture and geese in the sunlight greenhouse is established, so that the problem that the moringa tree cannot live through the winter in the north of China is solved, the problem that green forage of the geese is seriously in short supply in winter is solved, meanwhile, the utilization rate of resources such as sunlight greenhouse light, heat, water, soil and the like is fully improved, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, the output of the sunlight greenhouse is increased, and the method has great significance for realizing organic combination of farming and pasturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse to artificially grow grass and raise geese, and the method solves the problems that the moringa oleifera trees in tropical and subtropical arbors cannot live through the winter in the northern part of China, the green forage of the geese is seriously insufficient in winter and the like by establishing an ecological production mode of the moringa oleifera trees-forage-geese in the sunlight greenhouse. Meanwhile, the edible moringa stem leaves are supplemented for the geese, so that the immunity function of the geese is improved, the excessive use of hormones and antibiotics in the growth process of the geese is reduced, the green production of goose meat and goose eggs is facilitated, and the food safety is guaranteed. And the pasture can also supplement soil nutrients after passing through the goose abdomen and returning to the field, improve the soil fertility and increase the output of the moringa oleifera. The invention can realize the three-dimensional high-efficiency planting of the sunlight greenhouse and the organic combination of the planting industry and the breeding industry, has remarkable social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefit, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising comprises the following steps:
firstly, planting the moringa oleifera in a sunlight greenhouse
The moringa oleifera can be planted in a sunlight greenhouse in two ways:
the first mode is as follows: transplanting with Moringa oleifera seedlings. The variety is suitable for northern sunlight greenhouse cultivation, and has strong branching capability, good cold resistance and vigorous growth. Selecting plants with the ground diameter of more than 4 cm, 3-5 branches with good growth vigor at the plant height of 40-80 cm and no plant diseases and insect pests. Planting in a sunlight greenhouse according to the specification of plant-row spacing of 50-80 cm multiplied by 200 cm. And in the field planting process, the seedling transplanting time from a nursery land to a sunlight greenhouse cannot be later than 9 months. After field planting, reasonably pruning the transplanted seedlings in time in order to improve the production performance of the moringa oleifera. And (5) trimming the plant height to be controlled at 80-100 cm, and removing leaves and twigs.
The second mode is as follows: directly sowing seeds for planting. The moringa seeds with strong cold resistance, good high yield and over 90 percent of germination rate are selected. When the temperature of the greenhouse stably passes 10 ℃, dibbling is carried out according to the specification of plant row spacing of 50-80 cm multiplied by 200 cm, 1-2 seeds are planted in each hole, and the sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm.
After the tree is dried, the moringa oleifera is timely harvested and trimmed.
Second, artificial grass growth
After the moringa oleifera seedlings are planted or sown, selecting excellent grass seeds which are favorite by the geese and have high growth speed to artificially grow grass among the rows of the moringa oleifera. The row spacing of grass seeds is 15-20 cm, the distance between the grass belt and the Moringa oleifera rows is 40cm, and single grass seed sowing or mixed sowing of a plurality of grass seeds can be carried out during sowing.
Thirdly, grazing and raising geese
When the height of the pasture exceeds 30cm, uniformly scattering moringa stem leaves with the feed amount within 10 percent of that of geese for 2 hours on a grass cluster, and then driving the goose group into a sunlight greenhouse to peck the pasture and the moringa stem leaves, wherein the number of geese in the goose group grazed per mu of land is not more than 100, and the grazing time is not more than 2 hours.
Further, in order to reduce the occurrence of the moringa tree diseases, if the highest temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is higher than 40 ℃ or the sunlight greenhouse meets cloudy days and the humidity is higher than 60%, a ventilation opening is opened in time to release air.
Furthermore, in order to promote inter-row forage grass growth of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse and improve the production performance of the moringa oleifera, the moringa oleifera is trimmed in the first step of the method, so that ventilation and light transmission among plants are good, and the total height of the plants is controlled to be 170-180 cm.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the occurrence degree of diseases and insect pests of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse, a pasture variety which has strong resistance and does not have common diseases and insect pests with the moringa oleifera is selected when the artificial grass generation is carried out in the second step of the method.
Furthermore, in the third step of the method, the goose herd raising time in the sunlight greenhouse is met with the moringa oleifera pruning time, so that the goose can eat the pruned moringa oleifera stems and leaves, the waste is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the moringa oleifera stems and leaves is improved, and the output of the moringa oleifera is increased.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the production performance of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse, the method disclosed by the invention needs to replace all moringa oleifera seedlings in the sunlight greenhouse every 2 years.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for planting the moringa oleifera trees in the sunlight greenhouse to artificially grow the grass and raise the geese establishes an ecological production mode for planting the moringa oleifera trees, namely, forage grass and raising the geese in the sunlight greenhouse by utilizing the temperature-increasing and cold-preventing functions of the sunlight greenhouse, and effectively solves the problems that the moringa oleifera trees cannot overwinter in the north and green forage materials of the northern geese are seriously in short supply in winter. Meanwhile, the production performance and disease resistance of the geese are improved by supplementing the edible moringa oleifera stems and leaves to the geese, and the green production of livestock and poultry products such as goose meat, goose eggs and the like is realized; the forage grass is returned to the field through goose belly, so that soil nutrients are supplemented, the soil fertility is improved, and the output of moringa oleifera is increased. Therefore, the invention realizes the three-dimensional high-efficiency planting of the sunlight greenhouse and the organic combination of the planting industry and the breeding industry, fully improves the utilization rate of light, heat, water and soil resources of the sunlight greenhouse, promotes the development of grain-saving animal husbandry, solves the contradiction of the competition of people and livestock for grain, and has important effects on improving the utilization rate of cultivated land and ensuring the national grain safety. On the other hand, the moringa tree-pasture grass-goose sunlight greenhouse ecological production mode realizes the green production of livestock and poultry products such as goose meat and goose eggs on the premise of ensuring the tender and slight yield of moringa wood of 400-500kg per mu, and has great significance for ensuring the food safety of China, improving the health level of people and increasing the income of farmers. The method has the advantages of low investment, simple and convenient operation, remarkable social, ecological and economic benefits, is very suitable for popularization and application in solar greenhouses in the north of China, and has important application value for green production of moringa oleifera, livestock and poultry green feeds in winter and livestock and poultry products in the north of China.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, planting the moringa oleifera in a sunlight greenhouse
Selecting an overwintering type sunlight greenhouse with a soil wall for planting the moringa oleifera trees.
1 seed selection
1.1 selecting the moringa oleifera seedlings: the variety is suitable for northern sunlight greenhouse cultivation, and has strong branching capability, good cold resistance, vigorous growth and good high yield. During planting, selecting plants with the ground diameter of more than 4 cm, the plant height of 40-80 cm, 3-5 branches with good growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests.
1.2 seed selection: the moringa seeds with strong cold resistance, good high yield, germination rate of more than 90 percent and no disease and pest damage are selected.
2 soil preparation and base fertilizer application
The moringa tree planting method requires that the terrain is flat, the soil fertility is more than moderate, the soil layer is deep, the soil quality is loose, and the irrigation and drainage are convenient. Watering for 60-70 m per mu 7-10 days before sowing3. Soil preparation is carried out when the water content of the soil is 15.5% -18.5%. Before soil preparation, 300-400 kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 3-4 m of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu3And (5) preparing a base fertilizer, and uniformly spreading the base fertilizer on the ground surface. And (3) ploughing and preparing soil mechanically, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, and soil and fertilizer are fully mixed in the ploughing process. After ploughing, the land is raked and leveled, fine and bumpy.
3 planting time and method
Transplanting by utilizing the saplings: the transplanting time of the moringa oleifera seedlings from the nursery land to the sunlight greenhouse cannot be later than 9 months. Selecting proper plants in the nursery garden according to the requirements of the planted seedlings, and digging and planting by manpower or machinery. Digging a position 30cm around the selected plant by using a shovel or a machine, and digging the plant at an angle of 15 ℃ downwards and inwards, wherein the depth is 40-50 cm. And (4) removing the plants, and planting according to the specification of plant row spacing of 50-80 cm multiplied by 200 cm. After field planting, properly pruning according to the height of the transplanted seedlings and the branching condition, watering thoroughly once, and crossing thoroughly after 10 days. The water is directly watered by a single plant or a single row without flood irrigation.
Sowing seeds for planting: it is necessary to start sowing when the lowest temperature of the sunlight greenhouse is stabilized to pass 10 ℃.1 day before sowing, soaking the seeds in clear water for 24 hours, sterilizing the seeds by using carbendazim, and performing hole sowing according to the requirements of plant spacing and row spacing, wherein 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm.
4 field management
Seedling checking and supplementing: and (4) checking the damage conditions of the seedlings and the underground pests 8-13 days after the seedlings emerge, and timely checking and replanting the seedlings and preventing and controlling the underground pests when the seedlings emerge badly or are damaged by the underground pests. And (4) performing final singling 18-23 days after seedling emergence, and reserving 1 seedling in each hole. The management measure only aims at the method of sowing seeds of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse.
Drying: and (4) when the plant height is 50-60 cm, performing fixed drying (first harvesting), namely shearing at a position 30-40 cm away from the ground by using scissors. The management measure only aims at the method of sowing seeds of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse.
Harvesting and trimming: and harvesting when the new buds of the plants grow to 20-30 cm. The harvesting part is mainly tender and tender moringa oleifera and can be directly harvested by hands or scissors. The standard of harvesting is based on the fact that the hands can be pinched off. The general harvesting period is 7-20 days, the winter harvesting period is longer, and the summer harvesting period is shorter. After every two times of harvesting, the moringa oleifera is trimmed according to the growth vigor and the plant type (generally umbrella-shaped), the trimmed leaves and tender branches can be used as forage for geese, and high-quality leaves can be selected for processing the moringa oleifera health-preserving tea leaves and leaf powder. The pruning requires that the ventilation and light transmittance of plants are good, each part can grow well, and the total height of the plants is controlled to be 170-180 cm.
Temperature and humidity: the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is preferably controlled to be 18-35 ℃, the lowest temperature is ≧ 5 ℃, the highest temperature is controlled to be within 40 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be within 60%. The temperature and humidity in the greenhouse can be controlled by combining air release and heating. And when the lowest temperature stably passes over 15 ℃, removing the greenhouse film to ensure that the moringa oleifera grows naturally.
Controlling moisture: the moringa oleifera is a tree species which is drought-tolerant and waterlogging-tolerant, and the rotten root is easily caused by excessive moisture. Generally, before uncovering the film, watering is carried out once every 2 times of harvesting, and the watering amount is specifically controlled according to the soil moisture content. After the film is uncovered, water is generally poured once every time the film is harvested. Watering is basically not needed after the rain season, but timely drainage of stagnant water is required.
Topdressing: after the moringa tree is planted for 1 year, ditching and topdressing 100 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer or 1m of decomposed organic fertilizer at the position 50 cm around the trunk3Per mu. The ditching depth is 30-40 cm.
And (3) pest control: the moringa oleifera has strong disease and insect resistance, basically has no plant diseases and insect pests when planted in a field in the north, can cause aphids and red spiders when planted in a greenhouse, and can be used for preventing and treating by adopting a physical method or applying an organic pesticide (a pesticide containing azadirachtin). For plants with accidental diseases, the plants are directly pulled out of a greenhouse and destroyed, and the pulled parts are sterilized.
The occasional cutworms in the seedling stage planted by seeds are generally prevented and controlled by spreading poison baits. The specific control method comprises the following steps: selecting 50% phoxim missible oil or 40% methyl isosalix as poison bait agent, weighing 0.5 kg of agent, adding a small amount of water, stirring uniformly, and spraying 125-175 kg of wheat bran. Spreading toxic soil around the roots of the seedlings along the ridges at night, wherein 20 kg of toxic soil is spread around each mu to form a pesticide band with the width of about 6 cm, so as to prevent the larvae from entering the soil. Grazing is prohibited during baiting.
Second, artificial grass growth
1. And selecting pasture varieties. When the canopy density of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse is less than 0.5, artificial grass growing can be carried out among the rows of the moringa oleifera. When grass is grown, a pasture variety which grows rapidly, has shallow root system distribution (mainly distributed in a soil layer of 0-20 cm), good high yield, high protein content, good palatability, wide adaptability, strong resistance, easy management, trampling resistance, no common pest and disease damage with a moringa tree and is beneficial to fertility betterment is selected. Such as rye, triticale, alfalfa, herba Ixeritis denticulatae, herba Amaranthi Tricoloris, semen Vignae Cylindricae, hybrid pennisetum, and herba Cichorii.
2. And (7) land preparation. The sunlight greenhouse is required to have flat terrain, deep soil layer, moderate soil fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage. 3-5 days before soil preparation, watering the moringa oleifera tree for 1 time in combination with irrigation. Soil preparation is combined, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied. Commercial organic fertilizer (dosage: 300 kg/mu) or decomposed farmyard manure (dosage: 3 m)3Mu) is uniformly spread on the ground surface, a small machine or an agricultural implement is used for ploughing in an area outside 40cm of the moringa oleifera stems, the depth is not less than 20cm, and the leveling and fine crushing are achieved by timely raking. Stones and other impurities in the soil are removed in time in the soil preparation process. If the solar greenhouse moringa oleifera sowing or seedling transplanting is combined to prepare soil and apply base fertilizer, the pasture sowing can be carried out without independently preparing soil and applying base fertilizer.
3. And (6) sowing. A germination test should be performed before the pasture is sowed. The grass seeds with full seeds, the purity of more than or equal to 90 percent and the germination rate of more than or equal to 85 percent are selected for sowing. Rye, triticale and the like belong to cold-season pasture and are suitable for autumn sowing. Other non-cool-season pasture can be sown all the year round in the sunlight greenhouse. The proposal is combined with rainfall to sow in late summer and early autumn, so that the water for farmland irrigation can be saved, and meanwhile, the problem of insufficient forage grass supply of the solar greenhouse geese in a short time after the shed is sealed can be solved after the overground biomass of the forage grass is accumulated to a certain extent. The seeding can adopt a drill seeding mode or a broadcast seeding mode. The sowing mode is suitable for pasture species with strong stolonization. The sowing quantity is increased by 30% compared with drill sowing when the sowing mode is adopted. The row spacing of drill seeding is 15-20 cm. The sowing depth is preferably shallow sowing, and is adjusted according to the soil texture and the seed size. The sowing depth of the heavy soil and small-sized seeds is preferably shallow, and the sowing depth of sandy loam and large-sized seeds is preferably deep. The sowing amount and the sowing depth particularly suitable for artificially growing grass and cultivating goose grass seeds among rows of moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse are shown in the table A. After sowing, the seeds are immediately covered with soil and pressed in a drill sowing mode, the grass seeds are immediately raked into the soil by a rake during sowing, and then the pressing is manually stepped on. After the soil is compacted, micro-spraying is carried out according to soil moisture content.
4. And (5) field management. And artificial weed removal is carried out in time in the seedling stage. Irrigation is generally carried out by combining irrigation of the moringa oleifera. If the goose pecksOr the forage grass after cutting is weak in growth or poor in soil moisture content, and the water is irrigated for 1 time in time, wherein the irrigation quantity is 30-45 m3Per mu. The plants grown in the sunlight greenhouse should be physically controlled for insect damage. For example, the insects are killed by trapping and killing methods such as a pest killing lamp, a sex attractant, a pest killing plate, a stretched silver gray film strip and the like, or insect prevention nets are arranged at an air outlet and an entrance and exit of a greenhouse to prevent pests from entering. The grass seeds selected by the artificial grass have strong disease resistance, and generally no diseases occur. If the disease occurs, a chemical agent with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period is selected to prevent and treat the disease.
The part A in the table is suitable for sowing quantity and sowing depth of artificially growing grass and cultivating goose grass seeds among rows of moringa oleifera in a sunlight greenhouse
Thirdly, grazing and raising geese
When the natural height of the grass in the shed exceeds 30cm, the goose can be raised in a grazing way directly. And (3) stocking scale: the number of the grazed geese per mu is not more than 100, and the stocking time is not more than 2 h. Before the goose flocks are placed in a sunlight greenhouse to peck the pasture, a certain amount of moringa stem leaves (the feed amount of the geese is less than 10% of the feed amount of the geese after 2 hours) are uniformly scattered on the grass, so that the geese can eat the moringa stem leaves while pecking the pasture. In order to reduce the waste of moringa stem leaves, the time for grazing goose herds in a sunlight greenhouse is combined with the moringa pruning time.
The invention discloses a method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse to artificially grow grass and raise geese, which is a new technical mode of a sunlight greenhouse moringa oleifera tree-forage grass-goose composite system. The invention solves the problem that the moringa oleifera tree can not live through the winter in the north of China by utilizing the warming and cold-proof functions of the sunlight greenhouse, more importantly, the invention fully utilizes the heat resources of the sunlight greenhouse, artificially plants grass among rows of the moringa oleifera tree, solves the problem that the forage grass of geese is seriously insufficient in winter, simultaneously realizes the three-dimensional high-efficiency planting of crops in the sunlight greenhouse, and improves the utilization rate of the cultivated land resources and the heat resources of the sunlight greenhouse. In addition, the forage grass is returned to the field through goose belly to supplement soil nutrients, fertilize soil fertility and facilitate improvement of output of moringa oleifera. The moringa stem leaves are used as supplementary forage for geese, and green production of goose meat and goose eggs can be realized. Therefore, the sunlight greenhouse moringa tree-forage grass-goose ecological production mode established by the invention has great significance for establishing a three-dimensional high-efficiency planting and breeding mode, improving the income of farmers, ensuring the food safety and improving the health level of people.
Claims (6)
1. The method for planting the moringa oleifera trees in the sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, planting the moringa oleifera in a sunlight greenhouse
The moringa oleifera tree is planted in a sunlight greenhouse in two ways:
the first mode is as follows: the moringa oleifera seedlings are transplanted, and the varieties which are suitable for northern sunlight greenhouse cultivation, strong in branching capability, good in cold resistance and vigorous in growth are selected; selecting plants with the ground diameter of more than 4 cm, 3-5 branches with good growth vigor at the plant height of 40-80 cm and no plant diseases and insect pests; performing field planting in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the time for transplanting seedlings from a nursery land to the sunlight greenhouse cannot be later than 9 months; after field planting, reasonably pruning the transplanted seedlings in time for improving the production performance of the moringa oleifera, wherein the height of the pruned seedlings is controlled to be 80-100 cm;
the second mode is as follows: directly sowing seeds for planting, selecting moringa seeds with strong cold resistance, good yield and germination percentage of more than 90 percent, and dibbling when the temperature of a greenhouse stably passes 10 ℃;
after the moringa oleifera is subjected to fixed drying, harvesting and pruning in time;
second, artificial grass growth
After the moringa oleifera seedlings are planted or sown, selecting excellent grass seeds which are favorite by the geese and have high growth speed to artificially grow grass among the rows of the moringa oleifera;
the row spacing of grass seeds is 15-20 cm, the distance between the grass belt and the moringa oleifera tree row is 40cm, and single grass seeds or multiple grass seeds are sown in a mixed mode during sowing;
thirdly, grazing and raising geese
When the height of the pasture exceeds 30cm, uniformly scattering moringa stem leaves with the feed amount within 10 percent of 2 hours of the geese on a grass cluster, then driving the goose group into a sunlight greenhouse to peck the pasture and the moringa stem leaves, wherein the number of the geese in the goose group grazed per mu of land is not more than 100, and the grazing time is not more than 2 hours.
2. The method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in order to reduce the occurrence of the Moringa oleifera diseases, if the highest temperature in the sunlight greenhouse is higher than 40 ℃ or the sunlight greenhouse meets cloudy days and the humidity is higher than 60%, the ventilation opening is opened in time to release air.
3. The method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in order to promote the inter-row forage grass growth of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse and improve the production performance of the moringa oleifera, the requirement of the moringa oleifera pruning in the first step is that the ventilation and light transmission among plants are good, and the total height of the plants is controlled to be 170-180 cm.
4. The method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in order to reduce the occurrence degree of the pest and disease damage of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse, a pasture variety which has strong resistance and does not have common pest and disease damage with the moringa oleifera is selected when the artificial grass generation is carried out in the second step.
5. The method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the time for grazing the goose group in the sunlight greenhouse is met with the pruning time of the moringa oleifera, so that the goose can eat the stems and leaves of the moringa oleifera under pruning, the waste is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the stems and leaves of the moringa oleifera is improved, and the output of the moringa oleifera is increased.
6. The method for planting moringa oleifera trees in a sunlight greenhouse for artificial grass growing and goose raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in order to ensure the production performance of the moringa oleifera in the sunlight greenhouse, all moringa oleifera seedlings in the sunlight greenhouse need to be replaced every 2 years.
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