CN105039878A - 具有高可成形性的铝板和所述铝板制成的铝容器 - Google Patents

具有高可成形性的铝板和所述铝板制成的铝容器 Download PDF

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CN105039878A
CN105039878A CN201510312039.1A CN201510312039A CN105039878A CN 105039878 A CN105039878 A CN 105039878A CN 201510312039 A CN201510312039 A CN 201510312039A CN 105039878 A CN105039878 A CN 105039878A
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yield strength
container
tensile yield
strength
methods
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CN105039878B (zh
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T·N·朗斯
D·J·麦克尼什
D·G·博伊赛尔
G·P·威尔逊
G·姆罗辛斯基
J·F·卡普斯
N·A·加迪阿里
S·库姆斯
C·R·米勒
R·E·迪克
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Alcoa Warwick Co ltd
Kaisa Aluminum Warwick Co ltd
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/2615—Edge treatment of cans or tins
    • B21D51/2638—Necking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/0261—Bottom construction
    • B65D1/0276—Bottom construction having a continuous contact surface, e.g. Champagne-type bottom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Abstract

本发明公开一种铝板，其包括3XXX或5XXX合金，所述3XXX或5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)。一种铝容器具有圆拱部，其中圆拱部包括AA？3XXX或A5XXX合金，所述AA？3XXX或A5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)。

Description

具有高可成形性的铝板和所述铝板制成的铝容器
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求以2014年4月30日提交的美国临时专利申请US61/986684为优先权，并引入其全部内容。
背景技术
在容器工业中，基本上相同形状的金属饮料容器被大量和相对经济地制造出来。为了扩张容器的直径以制造成形容器或者增大整个容器的直径，经常需要多个工艺并使用多个不同的扩张模具以将每个金属容器扩张到预期尺寸。同样，模具也用来缩颈和成形容器。经常需要多个工艺并使用多个不同的缩颈模具以将每个金属容器缩小到预期尺寸。容器开口端通过折边、卷曲、攻丝和/或其他工艺形成以接纳闭合件。缩颈、扩张、成形和精整加工有时会导致金属缺陷，例如出现下面的一种或多种问题：卷曲裂缝，容器破裂，容器解体。
发明内容
关于图1，铝板100包括AA3XXX或5XXX合金，所述AA3XXX或5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度(TYS)为27-33ksi，并且具有极限拉伸强度(UTS)；其中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)。在某些实施例中，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28-32ksi。在某些实施例中，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28.53-31.14ksi。在某些实施例中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.90-3.30ksi。在某些实施例中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.99-3.30ksi。在某些实施例中，铝板包括AA：3x03、3x04或3x05中的一种。在某些实施例中，铝板包括AA3104。在某些实施例中，铝板包括AA5043。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为30-36ksi。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为31-35ksi。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为31.51-34.51ksi。
在某些实施例中，上述TYS和(UTS-TYS)值用于“发货给”罐制造器的铝板卷。通过罐制造器进行的容器形成工艺包括热处理和机械工艺，即冷加工，这两种工艺都会影响TYS和(UTS-TYS)值。特定容器的TYS和(UTS-TYS)值会根据用于形成容器的热处理和机械工艺而变化，而且TYS和(UTS-TYS)值沿着单个容器上的不同位置而变化。例如，容器侧壁会进行大量冷加工，从而导致较高的TYS。热处理导致较低的TYS。容器圆拱部经历热处理但很少进行冷加工，所以上述铝板制成的成形容器的圆拱部的TYS会稍稍低于上述铝板的TYS。
关于图2，铝容器200具有圆拱部210，该圆拱部210包括AA3XXX或5XXX合金，所述AA3XXX或5XXX合金的纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi，并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)。在某些实施例中，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28-32ksi。在某些实施例中，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28.53-31.14ksi。在某些实施例中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.90-3.30ksi。在某些实施例中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.99-3.30ksi。在某些实施例中，圆拱部210包括AA：3x03、3x04或3x05中的一种。在某些实施例中，圆拱部210包括AA3104。在某些实施例中，圆拱部210包括AA5043。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为30-36ksi。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为31-35ksi。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为31.51-34.51ksi。在某些实施例中，铝容器为瓶在某些实施例中，通过对铝板拉拔和变薄拉伸制成铝容器。
关于图3，一种方法包括：通过铝板形成容器300，所述铝板包括3XXX或5XXX合金，所述3XXX或5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi，并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)；减少容器的一部分的直径310至少达26％。
关于图4，在某些实施例中，减少容器的直径310至少达减少26％包括：通过缩颈模具对容器进行缩颈320。在某些实施例中，减少容器直径310至少达减少26％包括：对容器进行缩颈320至少14次。在某些实施例中，容器直径减少至少30％。
在某些实施例中，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28-32ksi。在某些实施例中，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28.53-31.14ksi。在某些实施例中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.90-3.30ksi。在某些实施例中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.99-3.30ksi。在某些实施例中，铝板包括AA：3x03、3x04或3x05中的一种。在某些实施例中，铝板包括AA3104。在某些实施例中，铝板包括AA5043。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为30-36ksi。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为31-35ksi。在某些实施例中，极限屈服强度为31.51-34.51ksi。
在某些实施例中，容器为瓶。
关于图5，在某些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括：对具有缩减直径的容器的所述部位的一段进行扩张330。在某些实施例中，该段的长度至少0.3英寸。在某些实施例中，长度至少0.4英寸。
铝板为轧制铝，厚度为0.006-0.030英寸。
圆拱部为容器底部处的圆拱部。
瓶为刚性容器，所述刚性容器具有比瓶体窄的颈部。
拉伸屈服强度定义为0.2％偏移屈服的载荷除以样品的初始横截面积。极限拉伸强度为最大载荷除以初始横截面积。
本文提到的合金由2009年2月修订的铝业协会关于变形铝和变形铝合金的国际合金牌号和化学成分的标准进行定义。
附图说明
图1为铝板部分放大透视图；
图2为具有圆拱部的铝瓶的侧视图；
图3描述了一个实施例的工艺步骤；
图4描述了另一个实施例的工艺步骤；
图5描述了再一个实施例的工艺步骤；
图6为卷组1-4的UTS示意图；
图7为卷组1-4的TYS示意图；
图8为卷组1-4的UTS-TYS示意图；
图9描绘了相对于UTS-TYS的低废品率卷和高废品率卷；
图10描述了废品率的分区分析。
具体实施方式
根据经验，随着UTS-TYS差的减少(＜3.30ksi)，瓶罐原料的可成形性(通过精整加工完容器开口后的废品率测量)增加。UTS-TYS差＜3.30ksi导致较少的产品报废。在某些实施例中，精整加工包括下面的一种或几种：形成螺纹，扩张，缩窄，卷曲，折边，或形成容器开口以接纳闭合件。通过UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi的铝板卷制成的瓶在精整加工后具有较低的废品率。废品由容器缺陷造成，例如出现下面的一种或多种问题：卷曲裂缝，容器破裂，容器解体。其他类型的容器缺陷也会造成废品。样品由精加工后的具有公称宽度～0.50"的标准板制成。试样被定向成使得轧制方向平行于负载方向。
一种制造具有降低的UTS-TYS差的瓶原料板的方法为：相对于标准产品目标，降低Ti含量和增加预热均热时间(preheatsoaktime)。在某些实施例中，铝板中的Ti含量为0.0030-0.008wt％。在某些实施例中，铝板经历的预均热时间为1080°F下3小时加上1060°F下30-40小时。在某些实施例中，铝板经历的预均热时间为1080°F下3小时加上1060°F下35-40小时。在某些实施例中，铝板经历的预热均热时间为1080°F下3小时加上1060°F下37-40小时。
组1中铝板(10卷)的平均TYS为～35.35ksi(范围为34.38-36.18ksi)，UTS-TYS平均为3.47ksi(范围为3.30-3.80ksi)。组1的平均UTS为38.89(范围为38.09-39.49)。组1的材料缺少用于生产瓶的足够可成形性。
组2中铝板卷的平均TYS为32.15ksi(范围为31.00-34.16ksi)，UTS-TYS平均为3.42ksi(范围为3.08-3.72ksi)。组2的平均UTS为35.57(范围为34.34-37.49)。组2的材料缺少用于生产瓶的足够可成形性。
组3中铝板卷的平均TYS为30.06ksi(范围为28.97-31.23ksi)，UTS-TYS平均为3.36ksi(范围为3.02-3.64ksi)。组3的平均UTS为33.41(范围为31.65-34.81)。组3中的一些卷在精整加工后被识别为具有低的瓶废品率。
组4中铝板卷的平均TYS为29.83ksi(范围为28.53-31.14ksi)，UTS-TYS平均为3.20ksi(范围为2.99-3.43ksi)。组4的平均UTS为33.03(范围为31.54-34.51)。组4的铝板卷具有UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi，其制成的瓶在精整加工后具有低废品率。
组1-4的UTS如图6所示。组1-4的TYS如图7所示。组1-4的UTS-TYS如图8所示。
如图9所示，组3的已知高废品率卷和低废品率卷之间的UTS-TYS在统计上具有明显不同。
进一步，如图10和下表所示，废品率的分区分析能够将个数分成两组，所述两组在UTS-TYS值为3.3处具有最小的误分。在图10中，废品率以百分比沿Y轴显示。
UTS-TYS＜3.3 UTS-TYS＞＝3.3
低废品率个数 16 2
高废品率个数 4 21
材料的加工硬化率对于形成低废品率的瓶子同样重要。铝的流动应力通常通过Voce方程(σ＝A-Bexp(-Cε))定义，其中应变硬化率由系数“C”定义。调查发现，C值为5-25导致明显的瓶成形差异。在某些实施例中，C值范围为12-18使得废品率最小。在其他实施例中，可以使用C值范围为15-25。在其他实施例中，可以使用C值范围为20-35。在其他实施例中，可以使用C值范围为25-50。在其他实施例中，可以使用C值范围为5-12。
尽管本发明的各种实施例已经详细的进行描述，显而易见的，本领域技术人员能够想到这些实施例的变化和调整。然而，应当明确认识到，这些变化和调整都属于本发明的精神和公开的范围。

Claims (29)

1.一种装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
铝板，所述铝板包括3XXX或5XXX合金，所述3XXX或5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi，并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28-32ksi。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28.53-31.14ksi。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.90-3.30。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.99-3.30。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，铝板包括AA：3x03、3x04或3x05中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，铝板包括AA3104。
8.一种装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
具有圆拱部的铝容器，其中圆拱部包括AA3XXX或5XXX合金，所述AA3XXX或5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi，并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UTS-TYS＜3.30ksi)。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28-32ksi。
10.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28.53-31.14ksi。
11.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.90-3.30。
12.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.99-3.30。
13.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，铅板包括AA：3x03、3x04或3x05中的一种。
14.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，铝板包括AA3104。
15.如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，铝容器为瓶。
16.一种方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
由铝板形成容器，所述铝板包括3XXX或5XXX合金，所述3XXX或5XXX合金在纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为27-33ksi，并且具有极限拉伸强度；其中，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度小于3.30ksi(UIS-TYS＜3.30ksi)；和
减少容器的一部分的直径至少26％。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，减少容器的直径至少26％包括使用缩颈模具对容器进行缩颈。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，减少容器的直径至少26％包括对容器进行缩颈至少14次。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，容器的直径减少至少30％。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28-32ksi。
21.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，纵向测量的拉伸屈服强度为28.53-31.14ksi。
22.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.90-3.30。
23.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，极限拉伸强度减去拉伸屈服强度为2.99-3.30。
24.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，铝板包括AA：3x03、3x04或3x05中的一种。
25.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，铝板包括AA3104。
26.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，容器为瓶。
27.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，对容器的直径减小的所述部分的一段进行扩张。
28.如权利更求27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述段具有一定的长度，并且所述长度为至少0.3英寸。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述长度为至少0.4英寸。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN106414256A (zh) * 2014-05-30 2017-02-15 安海斯-布希有限公司 低延度金属细长瓶和生产方法
CN109757110A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2019-05-14 美铝美国公司 具有增强的可成形性的铝片材和由铝片材制成的铝容器

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