CN104886775A - 用于接收形成浮质的衬底的电加热的发烟系统 - Google Patents
用于接收形成浮质的衬底的电加热的发烟系统 Download PDFInfo
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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- A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
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Abstract
一种用于接收形成浮质的衬底的电加热的发烟系统,所述发烟系统包括:至少一个加热器,所述至少一个加热器用于加热所述衬底以形成浮质,所述至少一个加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹;电源,所述电源用于将功率供给到所述至少一个加热器;和绝热材料,所述绝热材料用于使所述至少一个加热器绝热。
Description
本分案申请是基于申请号为201080048977.0,申请日为2010年10月28日,发明名称为“具有改进的加热器的电加热的发烟系统”的中国专利申请的分案申请。该中国专利申请为国际申请号为PCT/EP2010/006598的国际申请的中国国家阶段。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电加热的发烟系统,该电加热的发烟系统包括用于加热形成浮质的衬底的加热器。
背景技术
US-A-5 353 813公开了一种在电发烟制品中作为外部加热元件使用的带叶片的管状阵列。加热元件包括多个碳叶片,所述多个碳叶片围绕螺旋缠绕的纸板的加强管布置。在叶片的自由端部处形成有一个电连接件,而共用的碳环连接碳叶片的另一个端部以形成共用的电连接件。当叶片被供给功率时,这些叶片加热以提供具有在约300℃至约900℃的范围内的温度的加热区。
发明内容
本发明人已经理解,将有利的是提供一种较容易制造并且在其结构上需要较少的部件的电加热的发烟系统。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种用于接收形成浮质的衬底的电加热的发烟系统,该系统包括:至少一个加热器,其用于加热所述衬底以形成浮质;和电源,其用于将功率供给到至少一个加热器,其中,至少一个加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹,所述一个或者多个导电轨迹具有电阻温度系数特征,使得一个或者多个导电轨迹可以既用作电阻加热器又用作温度传感器。
根据本发明的第一方面,还提供一种在电加热的发烟系统中使用的加热器,该加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹。
根据本发明的第一方面,还提供加热器在电加热的发烟系统中的用法,该加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹,所述一个或者多个导电轨迹具有电阻温度系数特征,使得一个或者多个导电轨迹可以既用作电阻加热器又用作温度传感器。
通过使用一种包括在电绝缘衬底上的导电轨迹的加热器,所述导电轨迹既可以用作加热器又用作温度传感器,可以减少电加热的发烟系统中所需要的部件的数量并且可以减小所述部件的尺寸。这允许减小电加热的发烟系统的尺寸。另外,电绝缘衬底可以是非常薄的,从而允许进一步减小尺寸。另外,可以在作为加热器的同一个电绝缘衬底上结合必要的电子装置、布线和连接件中的某些或者全部。另外,本发明的加热器可以比要求每个加热元件都单独形成的某些现有技术的加热器更加简易地制造并且可以更加有效地节省成本。加热器在设计中允许大量的灵活性:导电轨迹可以根据期望布置在电绝缘衬底上,以便给出期望的热分布。
优选地,电加热的发烟系统还包括电子电路,其布置成控制功率从电源到至少一个加热器的供给。
优选地,电源依据期望的温度和由一个或者多个导电轨迹所感测到的温度将功率供给到至少一个加热器。换言之,提供允许电源将加热器和形成浮质的衬底维持在特定的期望温度下的反馈。这在不需要单独的温度传感器的情况下实现。优选地,电加热的发烟系统包括为此目的布置的电子电路。优选地,期望的温度是加热器加热形成浮质的衬底但是没有燃烧该形成浮质的衬底的温度。
优选地,电加热的发烟系统还包括用于使至少一个加热器绝热的绝热材料。该绝热材料可以使该材料与电加热的发烟系统的外侧绝热。优选地,加热器包括其上具有绝热或者/并且反射的结构的电绝缘衬底的一部分。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供一种用于接收形成浮质的衬底的电加热的发烟系统,该系统包括:至少一个加热器,其用于加热所述衬底以形成浮质,所述至少一个加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹;电源,其用于将功率供给到至少一个加热器;和绝热材料,其用于使至少一个加热器绝热。
根据本发明的第二方面,还提供一种绝热材料,其用于在电加热的发烟系统中使用,所述电加热的发烟系统具有加热器,所述加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹。
根据本发明的第二方面,还提供绝热材料在电加热的发烟系统中的用法,所述电加热的发烟系统具有加热器,所述加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹。
绝热材料减少了加热器的热损失,并且还保护使用电加热的发烟系统的用户以防灼伤。绝热材料优选地围绕形成浮质的衬底定位,从而提供最大绝热。该绝热材料必须是在电加热的发烟系统中达到的高温下不劣化的材料。并不是所有的绝热材料都是适当的。优选地,绝热材料包括金属或者其它的不可燃烧的材料。在一个示例中,金属是金。在另一个示例中,金属是银。金属的有利之处在于金属可以将热量反射回到电加热的发烟系统中。
优选地,绝热材料包括多个气腔。这些气腔以规则的图案布置。在一个优选的实施例中,气腔是六角形的,并且布置成蜂窝结构。除了导电轨迹之外,绝热材料也可以设置在电绝缘衬底上。这允许将导电轨迹和绝热材料制造为一个元件。对于某些制造方法而言,可以作为同一个处理的一部分制成导电轨迹和绝热材料。可替代地,绝热材料可以作为单独的元件设置在电加热的发烟系统中。
如在本发明的第一方面中那样,电绝缘衬底可以是非常薄的,从而允许减小尺寸。另外,可以在作为加热器的同一个电绝缘衬底上结合必要的电子装置、布线和连接件中的某些或者全部。另外,本发明的加热器可以比要求每个加热元件都单独形成的某些现有技术的加热器更加简易地制造并且可以更加有效地节省成本。加热器在设计中允许大量的灵活性:导电轨迹可以根据期望简易地布置在电绝缘衬底上,以便给出期望的热分布。
优选地,电加热的发烟系统还包括电子电路,其布置成控制功率从电源到至少一个加热器的供给。
优选地,电源依据期望的温度将功率供给到至少一个加热器。优选地,电加热的发烟系统包括为此目的布置的电子电路。优选地,期望的温度是加热器加热形成浮质的衬底但是没有燃烧该形成浮质的衬底的温度。
优选地,一个或者多个导电轨迹具有电阻温度系数特征,使得一个或者多个导电轨迹可以既用作电阻加热器又用作温度传感器。
在本发明的任一方面的一个实施例中,一个或者多个导电轨迹包括多个部分,每个部分都可单独地连接到电源。这提供多种优点。首先,允许依据形成浮质的衬底的性质在不同的持续时间对不同的部分加热,这样可以改进吸烟体验。其次,允许依据形成浮质的衬底的性质在不同的温度下对不同的部分加热,这样也可以改进吸烟体验。第三,允许在任一时刻激活加热器的特定部分。这允许在任一时刻仅对形成浮质的衬底的一部分加热。这会是有利的,因为这意味着形成浮质的衬底的每个部分都可以仅被加热一次而不被再次加热。
在本发明的任一方面的一个实施例中,导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹包括单个导电材料的轨迹。单个轨迹的第一端部可连接到电源,并且单个轨迹的第二端部可连接到电源。在该情况下,电源还可以连接到单个轨迹的一个或者多个中心段以提供多个部分,每个部分都可单独地连接到电源。在本发明的任一方面的另一个实施例中,导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹包括多个导电材料的轨迹,每个轨迹都可单独地连接到电源。
在本发明的两个方面中,导电轨迹以最适宜加热形成浮质的衬底的形式布置在电绝缘衬底上。任何数量的构造都是可以的。
在本发明的任一方面的第一实施例中,电绝缘衬底是刚性的,并且布置成插入到形成浮质的衬底中。如果电绝缘衬底具有适当的尺寸并且是刚性的,则该电绝缘衬底可以直接插入到形成浮质的衬底中。电绝缘衬底可以以某一方式加强,以便提供足够的刚性。在该情况下,如果提供绝热材料,则该绝热材料可以设置成包围形成浮质的衬底。
在本发明的任一方面的第二实施例中,电绝缘衬底是管状的,并且一个或者多个导电轨迹位于管状电绝缘衬底的内侧。这种布置可以用作外部加热器。外部加热器可以用于包围或者部分地包围形成浮质的衬底。在一个实施例中,形成浮质的衬底是固体的,并且具有圆柱形塞的形式。在该情况下,优选地,外部加热器的内径等于或者略大于形成浮质的塞的外径。在第二实施例中,如果提供绝热材料,则该绝热材料可以设置成包围形成浮质的衬底和外部加热器。绝热材料可以设置在电绝缘衬底上,并且外部加热器通过卷拢电绝缘衬底而形成,以便使导电轨迹朝向管的内侧并且使绝热材料朝向管的外侧。
在本发明的任一方面的第三实施例中,电绝缘衬底是管状的,并且一个或者多个导电轨迹处于管状电绝缘衬底的外侧上。这种布置可以用作内部加热器。内部加热器可以插入到形成浮质的衬底中。在一个实施例中,形成浮质的衬底是固体的,并且包括形成浮质的衬底的空心管。在该情况下,优选地,内部加热器的外径等于或者略小于形成浮质的衬底的管的内径。在该情况下,如果提供绝热材料,则该绝热材料可以设置成包围形成浮质的衬底。
在本发明的两个方面中,至少一个加热器可以包括端部加热器,其用于加热形成浮质的衬底的端部,该端部加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹。在一个实施例中,端部加热器包括在圆形的或者基本圆形的电绝缘衬底上的螺旋形导电轨迹。
在本发明的两个方面中,导电轨迹优选地包括电阻材料。更优选地,导电轨迹是金属的。最优选地,导电轨迹包括以下材料中的一种或者多种:银、铂、铜、镍和钯。也可以是其它材料,例如,“导”电陶瓷(例如,二硅化钼)、碳、石墨、金属合金以及由陶瓷材料和金属材料制成的复合材料。这种复合材料可以包括掺杂质的陶瓷或者不掺杂质的陶瓷。适当的掺杂质的陶瓷的示例包括掺杂质的碳化硅。适当的金属的示例以及以上所列出的金属的示例包括钛、锆和钽。适当的金属合金的示例包括不锈钢、镍合金、钴合金、铬合金、铝合金、钛合金、锆合金、铪合金、铌合金、钼合金、钽合金、钨合金、锡合金、镓合金、锰合金和含铁合金,以及基于镍、铁、钴、不锈钢的超级合金、和铁锰铝基合金。是科罗拉多州丹佛的1999Broadway Suite 4300的Titanium Metals公司的注册商标。在复合材料中,电阻材料可以依据能量转移动力学和所需要的外部物理化学性质而任选地嵌入在绝热材料中、用绝热材料包封或者用绝热材料涂覆,或者反之亦然。
在本发明的两个方面中,导电轨迹可以被电镀上保护层。导电轨迹可以被电镀以下材料中的一种或者多种:金、镍和玻璃。如果导电轨迹包括容易以某些方式氧化或者侵蚀的材料,则对导电轨迹电镀会是有利的。
在本发明的两个方面中,优选地,电绝缘衬底包括以下材料中的一种或者多种:纸、玻璃、陶瓷、阳极氧化金属、被覆金属和聚酰亚胺。陶瓷可以包括云母、氧化铝(Al2O3)或者氧化锆(ZrO2)。可以使用其它适当的材料。
在本发明的任一方面的第一实施例中,至少一个加热器通过以下步骤形成:提供电绝缘衬底;使用模板将导电膏沉积到电绝缘衬底上以限定用于导电膏的图案;以及,干燥导电膏以形成导电轨迹。
在该第一实施例中,电绝缘衬底可以是任何适当的电绝缘材料,但是优选地是陶瓷或者阳极氧化金属。在该第一实施例中,导电膏可以是任何适当的膏,但是优选地包括金属颗粒。金属可以是银。导电膏还可以包括粘合剂和增塑剂。
在本发明的任一方面的第二实施例中,至少一个加热器通过以下步骤形成:提供电绝缘衬底;用导电材料基本覆盖电绝缘衬底的整个表面;用限定用于导电材料的图案的掩模保护导电材料的多个部分;以及,去除导电材料的不受保护的部分。
在该第二实施例中,电绝缘衬底可以是任何适当的电绝缘材料,但是优选地是聚酰亚胺。在该第二实施例中,导电材料可以是任何适当的材料,但是优选地包括金属合金。金属可以是铜。导电轨迹可以电镀上一个或者多个保护层。在一个实施例中,铜导电轨迹被电镀上第一层镍和第二层金。
在本发明的任一方面的第三实施例中,至少一个加热器通过以下步骤形成:提供电绝缘衬底;用金属膜覆盖电绝缘衬底;用一层光致抗蚀剂材料涂覆金属膜;用限定用于导电膏的图案的掩模保护光致抗蚀材料的部分;使用光源和化学制品(暴露的光致抗蚀剂材料可溶解在特定的溶液中)去除光致抗蚀材料的未受保护的部分;去除未被光致抗蚀材料保护的金属膜的部分;以及,去除剩余的光致抗蚀材料以露出导电轨迹形式的金属膜。
在该第三实施例中,电绝缘衬底可以是任何适当的电绝缘材料,但是优选地是陶瓷。最优选地,电绝缘衬底是氧化铝(Al2O3)或者氧化锆(ZrO2)。在该第三实施例中,金属膜可以是任何适当的金属膜,但是优选地是铂膜。导电轨迹可以被电镀上一个或者多个保护层。在一个实施例中,导电轨迹被电镀上一层玻璃。
在本发明的两个方面中,形成浮质的衬底优选地包括含烟草的材料,其包含在加热时从形成浮质的衬底释放出来的挥发性烟草香味化合物。可替代地,形成浮质的衬底可以包括非烟草的材料。
在本发明的两个方面中,优选地,形成浮质的衬底还包括浮质形成物。适当的浮质形成物的示例是丙三醇和丙二醇。
在本发明的两个方面中,形成浮质的衬底优选地是固体衬底。在优选的实施例中,形成浮质的衬底包括管状衬底,其具有用于接收至少一个加热器的腔体。固体衬底可以包括例如以下形式中的一种或者多种形式:含有草药叶、烟叶、烟草条片段、再造烟草、均质烟草、挤出烟草和膨胀烟草中的一种或者多种的粉末、细粒、球团、碎片、实心条、带、或者片。固体衬底可以是松散的形式,或者可以设置在适当的容器或者盒中。任选地,固体的形成浮质的衬底可以含有在衬底加热时将释放的额外的烟草或者非烟草的挥发性香味化合物。
在本发明的两个方面中,任选地,固体的形成浮质的衬底可以设置在热稳定的载体上或者嵌入到热稳定的载体中。在优选的实施例中,载体是管状载体,所述管状载体在其内表面或外表面上或者在其内表面和外表面二者上具有固体衬底的薄层。这种管状载体可以由例如纸、或者类似纸的材料、无纺碳纤维毡、低质量的开口网状金属筛、或者穿孔的金属箔或者任何其它热稳定的聚合物基体形成。或者,载体可以采用粉末、细粒、球团、碎片、实心条、带、或者片的形式。
在本发明的两个方面中,固体的形成浮质的衬底可以以例如片、泡沫、凝胶体或者浆体形式沉积在载体的表面上。固体的形成浮质的衬底可以沉积在载体的整个表面上,或者可替代地,可以按照图案沉积,以便在使用期间提供不均匀的香味输送。
在本发明的两个方面中,可替代地,载体可以是其中已经包含有烟草成分的无纺织物或者纤维束。无纺织物或者纤维束可以包括例如碳纤维、天然纤维素纤维、或者纤维素衍生物纤维。
在本发明的两个方面中,可替代地,形成浮质的衬底可以是液体衬底。如果提供形成浮质的液体衬底,则电加热的发烟系统优选地包括用于保持液体的装置。例如,液体的形成浮质的衬底可以被保持在容器中。可替代地或者另外地,液体的形成浮质的衬底可以被吸收到多孔的载体材料中。多孔的载体材料可以由任何适当的吸收性的塞或者本体形成,例如,泡沫金属或者塑性材料、聚丙烯、涤纶、尼龙纤维或者陶瓷。液体的形成浮质的衬底可以在电加热的发烟系统使用之前被保持在多孔的载体材料中,或者可替代地,液体的形成浮质的衬底可以在使用期间或者在马上要使用之前被释放到多孔的载体材料中。例如,液体的形成浮质的衬底可以被设置在囊状物中。囊状物的壳体优选地在加热时熔融并且将液体的形成浮质的衬底释放到多孔的载体材料中。囊状物可以任选地包含有与液体组合的固体。
如果形成浮质的衬底是液体的形成浮质的衬底,则电加热的发烟系统还可以包括用于一次加热少量液体的装置。所述用于一次加热少量液体的装置可以包括例如与液体衬底连通的液体通路。液体的形成浮质的衬底典型地通过毛细力吸入液体通路中。至少一个加热器优选地布置成使得在使用期间,仅加热和挥发在液体通路内的少量的液体的形成浮质的衬底,而不是加热和挥发容器内的液体。
可替代地或者另外地,如果形成浮质的衬底是液体的形成浮质的衬底,则电加热的发烟系统还可以包括喷雾器,所述喷雾器与液体的形成浮质的衬底的源接触并且包括至少一个加热器。除了加热器以外,喷雾器可以包括一个或者多个诸如压电元件的机电元件。可替代地或者另外地,喷雾器还可以包括利用静电效应、电磁效应或者气动效应的元件。电加热的发烟系统还可以包括冷凝室。
在本发明的两个方面中,形成浮质的衬底可替代地可以是任何其它种类的形成浮质的衬底,例如,气体的形成浮质的衬底,或者是多种类型的形成浮质的衬底的组合。
在本发明的两个方面中,在操作期间,形成浮质的衬底可以完全容纳在电加热的发烟系统中。在该情况下,用户可以在电加热的发烟系统的烟嘴上抽吸(puff)。可替代地,在操作期间,形成浮质的衬底可以部分地容纳在电加热的发烟系统中。在该情况下,形成浮质的衬底可以形成单独的制品的一部分,并且用户可以在单独的发烟制品上直接抽吸。
在本发明的两个方面中,电加热的发烟系统还可以包括用于检测指示用户抽烟的空气流动的传感器。在该实施例中,优选地,该传感器连接到电源,并且该电加热的发烟系统布置成当传感器感测到用户抽烟时对至少一个加热器通电。可替代地,该电加热的发烟系统还可以包括可手动操作的开关,用于让用户开始抽吸。
在本发明的两个方面中,优选地,电加热的发烟系统还包括用于接收形成浮质的衬底的外壳,所述外壳设计成被用户抓持。外壳优选地容纳至少一个加热器、电源以及诸如电子电路的该系统所需要的任何其它部件。在一个实施例中,外壳包括壳体和可替换的烟嘴。
在本发明的两个方面中,在一个优选实施例中,电源是DC电压电源。在一个实施例中,电源是锂离子电池。可替代地,电源可以是镍金属氢化物电池、镍镉电池或者磷酸锂电池。
参照本发明的一个方面说明的特征也可以适用于本发明的另一个方面。尤其,参照本发明的第一方面说明的既用作电阻加热器又用作温度传感器的一个或者多个导电轨迹的特征和优点也可以适用于本发明的第二方面。参照本发明的第二方面说明的绝热材料的特征和优点也可以适用于本发明的第一方面。
附图说明
参照附图将仅以示例的方式进一步说明本发明,其中:
图1a至1d示出了用于形成用于电加热的发烟系统的加热器的方法的第一实施例;
图2a至2e示出了用于形成用于电加热的发烟系统的加热器的方法的第二实施例;
图3a至3f示出了用于形成用于电加热的发烟系统的加热器的方法的第三实施例;
图4示出了在电加热的发烟系统中使用的加热器的第一实施例;以及
图5a和5b示出了在电加热的发烟系统中使用的加热器的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本发明提供一种包括加热器的电加热的发烟系统。加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹。加热器可以通过多个不同的制造处理形成。图1a至1d示出了第一制造处理。图2a至2d示出了第二制造处理。图3a至3d示出第三制造处理。
图1a至1d示出了使用与丝网印刷中所使用的技术类似的技术的制造处理。该制造处理可以与本发明的第一方面或者第二方面一起使用。参照图1a,首先,提供电绝缘衬底101。电绝缘衬底可以包括任何适当的电绝缘材料,例如但不限于,诸如MICA的陶瓷、玻璃或者纸张。可替代地,电绝缘衬底可以包括电导体,所述电导体例如通过使其表面氧化或者阳极氧化或者氧化和阳极氧化而与导电轨迹(在图1b中所产生并且将在下文中讨论)绝缘。一个示例是阳极氧化铝。可替代地,电绝缘衬底可以包括这样的电导体,即,所述电导体添加有所谓的釉料的中间涂层。在该情况下,釉料具有两种功能:使电绝缘衬底与导电轨迹电绝缘;以及减小电绝缘衬底的弯曲。电绝缘衬底中存在的褶皱可能会在导电膏(在图1b中施加并且将在下文中讨论)中产生裂缝,导致有缺陷的电阻。
参照图1b,电绝缘衬底例如通过真空被牢固地保持,而金属膏105使用切口107被涂覆到电绝缘衬底上。可以使用任何适当的金属膏,但是在一个示例中,金属膏是银膏。在一个尤其有利的示例中,金属膏包括20%至30%的粘合剂和增塑剂以及70%至80%的金属颗粒,所述金属颗粒典型地是银颗粒。切口107提供用于期望的导电轨迹的模板。在金属膏105已经涂覆到电绝缘衬底101上之后,电绝缘衬底和金属膏例如在烧结炉中被烧制。在介于200℃至400℃之间的第一烧制阶段中,有机粘合剂和溶液被烧尽。在介于350℃至500℃之间的第二烧制阶段中,金属颗粒被烧结。
参照图1c,结果是得到其上具有导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹103的电绝缘衬底101。导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹包括加热电阻器和必要的连接衬垫。
最后,电绝缘衬底101和导电轨迹103形成为用于在电加热的发烟系统中作为加热器使用的适当形式。参照图1d,电绝缘衬底101可以被卷拢成管状形式,以便使导电轨迹位于电绝缘衬底的内侧上(图1d(ⅰ))。在该情况下,管可以起到用于形成浮质的材料的固体塞的外部加热器的功能。管的内径可以等于或者略大于形成浮质的塞子的直径。可替代地,电绝缘衬底101可以被卷拢成管状形式,以便使导电轨迹位于电绝缘衬底的外侧上(图1d(ⅱ))。在该情况下,管可以起到内部加热器的功能并且可以直接插入到形成浮质的衬底中。当形成浮质的衬底采用诸如烟草垫的烟草材料的管的形式时,这可以很好地工作。在该情况下,管的外径可以等于或者略小于形成浮质的衬底的管的内径。可替代地,如果电绝缘衬底是足够刚性的或者被以某种方式加强,则电绝缘衬底和导电轨迹中的某些或者全部可以简单地通过将电绝缘衬底和导电轨迹直接插入到形成浮质的衬底中而直接用作内部加热器(图1d(ⅲ))。
图2a至2e示出用于电加热的发烟系统的加热器的第二制造处理。该制造处理可以与本发明的第一方面或者第二方面一起使用。该制造处理基于PCB制造技术。参照图2a,首先,提供电绝缘衬底201。同样地,电绝缘衬底可以包括任何适当的电绝缘材料。在该示例中,电绝缘衬底201包括聚酰亚胺。
参照图2b,其次,在基本整个电绝缘衬底201上施加金属箔205。这可以通过层压或者通过物理气相沉积(PVD)处理并且随后通过电化学加强(galvanic reinforcement)而实现。可以使用任何适当的金属,但是在一个示例中,金属箔是铜。铜的有利之处在于,铜具有较高的电阻温度系数。这可以意味着相对简易地是将导电轨迹既用作温度传感器也用作加热器。以下将更加详细地讨论。然而,可以使用其它金属,例如但不限于镍或者铂。
在金属箔205已经施加到电绝缘衬底上之后,用减去法去除铜的不想要的区域。参照图2c,典型地,与化学蚀刻结合地使用掩模207,所述化学蚀刻溶解了在不受掩模保护的所有区域中的铜。这样产生了图2c中所示的装置,所述装置包括具有导电区域209的电绝缘衬底201。
参照图2d,导电区域209继而可以被电镀。为了简单起见,图2d示出了单个导电区域209。如果使用铜,则电镀是有利的,这是因为铜快速地氧化。如果已经形成氧化层,则会难以焊接铜来形成必要的连接。在该示例中,导电区域209被电镀两层,首先电镀第一镍层211,随后电镀第二金层213。结果是得到其上具有导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹203的电绝缘衬底201。导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹包括加热电阻器和必要的连接衬垫。
最后,电绝缘衬底201和导电轨迹203形成为用于在电加热的发烟系统中作为加热器使用的适当形式。参照图2e,电绝缘衬底201可以被卷拢成管状形式,以便使导电轨迹位于电绝缘衬底的内侧上(图2e(ⅰ))。在该情况下,管可以起到用于形成浮质的衬底的外部加热器的功能。可替代地,电绝缘衬底201可以被卷拢成管状形式,以便使导电轨迹位于电绝缘衬底的外侧上(图2e(ⅱ))。在该情况下,管可以起到内部加热器的功能并且可以直接插入到形成浮质的衬底中。可替代地,如果电绝缘衬底是足够刚性的或者被以某种方式加强,则电绝缘衬底和导电轨迹中的某些或者全部可以简单地通过将电绝缘衬底和导电轨迹直接插入到形成浮质的衬底中而用作内部加热器(图2e(ⅲ))。
注意到,参照图2a至2e说明的方法也可以用于形成额外的绝热反射层。以下将详细地说明。
图3a至3f示出了用于电加热的发烟系统的加热器的第三制造处理。该制造处理可以与本发明的第一方面或者第二方面一起使用。该制造处理基于照相平版印刷技术。参照图3a,首先,提供电绝缘衬底301。同样地,电绝缘衬底可以包括任何适当的电绝缘材料。在该示例中,电绝缘衬底301包括厚的陶瓷,例如但不限于,氧化铝(Al2O3)或者氧化锆(ZrO2)。
参照图3b,在电绝缘衬底301上形成结构化的金属膜305。可以使用任何适当的金属,但是在该示例中,金属膜是铂。
参照图3c,在金属膜305上继而施加光致抗蚀剂层307。光致抗蚀剂层可以通过任何适当的技术施加,所述技术例如但不限于旋涂。
参照图3d,去除不想要的光致抗蚀剂的区域。这通过使用掩模309并且使光致抗蚀剂暴露于来自光源311的强光来实现。在光致抗蚀剂的曝光区域中发生化学变化,所述化学变化允许随后通过称作显影剂的化学试剂去除这些区域。
一旦已经在不受保护的区域中去除了光致抗蚀剂,则通过湿式蚀刻或者干式蚀刻对金属膜305进行蚀刻。这溶解了不受光致抗蚀剂保护的所有区域中的金属膜。一旦金属已经被蚀刻,则通过溶剂去除剩余的光致抗蚀剂。这产生了图3e中所示的装置,所述装置包括具有导电区域313的电绝缘衬底301。
参照图3f,最后,电绝缘衬底301和导电区域313可以任选地用钝化层315涂覆以防止导电区域被侵蚀或者氧化。在该示例中,钝化层是玻璃层。结果是得到其上具有导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹303的电绝缘衬底301。导电轨迹或者多个导电轨迹包括加热电阻器和必要的连接衬垫。
该加热器可以使用诸如金属夹的特殊框架安装在电加热的发烟系统中,或者加热器可以是落座在电加热的发烟系统内的单片陶瓷基体的成一体的部件。
图4以及图5a和5b示出了本发明的加热器的两个可替代实施例。
图4示出了与形成浮质的衬底一起使用的加热器的第一实施例。在图4中,加热器400包括平坦的刚性电绝缘衬底401,电绝缘衬底401上具有导电轨迹403。(加热器可以是图1d(iii)或者图2e(iii)中所示的形式的加热器)。导电轨迹可经由连接件405连接到电源(未示出)。加热器400可以直接插入到用407示意性示出的形成浮质的衬底的塞中。图4中所示的加热器可以用在本发明的第一方面或者第二方面中。如果导电轨迹具有适当的电阻温度系数特征,则这些导电轨迹可以既用作电阻加热器也用作温度传感器。加热器可以与绝热材料结合,所述绝热材料用于使至少一个加热器与和加热器一起使用的电加热的发烟系统的外侧绝热。
图5a和5b示出了加热器的第二实施例。在图5a和5b中,加热器包括电绝缘衬底501。在电绝缘衬底的第一部分509上设置有导电轨迹503。导电轨迹503可经由连接件505连接到电源(未示出)。在电绝缘衬底的第二部分511上,在电绝缘衬底上形成有绝热的反射蜂窝结构507。图5a的加热器设计成从左到右卷拢成管,以便使具有导电轨迹的电绝缘衬底的部分509处于内侧,而具有绝热的蜂窝结构507的电绝缘衬底的部分511处于外侧。优选地,绝热材料也是高反射性的。图5b中示意性地示出所得到的加热器。蜂窝结构继而可以用于使加热器绝热并且优选地是金属。图5b中所示的加热器可以用作外部加热器,其中绝热的反射蜂窝结构507处于外侧,从而使加热器与和加热器一起使用的电加热的发烟系统的外侧绝热。这样减少了热损失,并且还保护用户的手以防灼伤。
在图5a和5b中,绝热的反射蜂窝结构示出为与加热器的成一体的部分。然而,可替代地,蜂窝结构可以单独地形成并且作为独立元件用在电加热的发烟系统中。对于外部加热器而言,蜂窝结构可以围绕电绝缘衬底和导电轨迹卷绕。对于内部加热器而言,蜂窝结构可以围绕形成浮质的衬底设置。另外,绝热材料的可替代的结构布置也是可以的。
图5a和5b中所示的加热器还可以用在本发明的第一方面中:如果导电轨迹具有适当的电阻温度系数特征,则这些导电轨迹可以既用作电阻加热器也用作温度传感器。
如上所述,图2a至2e中所示的制造处理还可以用于产生蜂窝结构507。电绝缘衬底上的各个区域可以以与图2d类似的方式电镀。如果下层区域继而以另外的方式溶解或者去除,则电镀将形成提供绝热的气腔。在优选的布置中,气腔被设置在蜂窝结构中,但是也可以想到其它布置。另外,当例如通过卷拢或者堆叠起若干绝热结构层而使用若干绝热结构层时,提供最大的绝热。有利地,电镀可以包括仅单层金。金尤其是有用的,这是因为金还将热量朝向电加热的发烟系统的内侧反射,从而进一步降低了热量损失。可替代地,电镀可以包括单层的其它金属,例如银。可替代地,电镀可以包括两层,与图2d中所示的电镀类似。
通过使用包括形成在电绝缘衬底上的导电轨迹的加热器,提供多种优点。可以减小电加热的发烟系统中所需要的部件的尺寸。这样允许减小电加热的发烟系统的尺寸。另外,电绝缘衬底可以是非常薄的,从而允许进一步减小尺寸。另外,可以在作为加热器的同一个电绝缘衬底上结合必要的电子装置、布线和连接件中的某些或者全部。
另外,加热器可以比要求每个加热元件都单独形成的某些现有技术的加热器更加简易地制造并且可以更加有效地节省成本。加热器在设计中允许大量的灵活性:导电轨迹可以容易地根据期望布置在电绝缘衬底上,以便给出期望的热分布。
另外,假定用于导电轨迹的材料具有适当的电阻温度系数特征,则这些导电轨迹可以既用作电阻加热器也用作温度传感器。由于将不需要单独的温度传感器,所以这样可以进一步减小电加热的发烟系统的尺寸。现在将更加详细地说明。
电阻温度系数是对于给定的温度变化,电阻变化的测量值。通过以下给出通式:
R=R0(1+αT)
其中,R是电阻,R0是在给定温度(通常0℃)下的电阻,T是温度,并且α是电阻温度系数。导体的温度依赖关系是基本线性的。
在一种方法中,可以测量横过导电轨迹的电压和通过导电轨迹的电流,并且确定电阻。然后,假定知道R0和α(二者对于给定的材料将是已知的),可以确定温度。换言之,导电轨迹既可以用作温度传感器,也可以用作电阻加热器。
材料必须具有合理的可靠的电阻温度系数α。换言之,不随时间或者不在某些条件下明显变化的电阻温度系数α。另外,使用具有较大的电阻温度系数α值的材料会是有利的,这是由于这将意味着较少量的温度变化导致较大量的电阻变化。具有较大的α值的材料包括铂、镍和铜。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于接收形成浮质的衬底的电加热的发烟系统,所述发烟系统包括:
至少一个加热器,所述至少一个加热器用于加热所述衬底以形成浮质,所述至少一个加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹;
电源,所述电源用于将功率供给到所述至少一个加热器;和
绝热材料,所述绝热材料用于使所述至少一个加热器绝热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述一个或者多个导电轨迹具有这样的电阻温度系数特征,所述电阻温度系数特征使得所述一个或者多个导电轨迹能够既用作电阻加热器又用作温度传感器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述一个或者多个导电轨迹包括多个部分,每个部分都能单独地连接到所述电源。
4.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述电绝缘衬底是刚性的,并且布置成插入到所述形成浮质的衬底中。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述电绝缘衬底是管状的,并且所述一个或者多个导电轨迹位于管状的所述电绝缘衬底的内侧。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述电绝缘衬底是管状的,并且所述一个或者多个导电轨迹位于管状的所述电绝缘衬底的外侧。
7.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述至少一个加热器包括端部加热器,所述端部加热器用于加热所述形成浮质的衬底的端部,所述端部加热器包括在电绝缘衬底上的一个或者多个导电轨迹。
8.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述发烟系统具有以下特征中的至少一个特征:
所述导电轨迹包括银、铂、铜、镍和钯中的一种或者多种,
所述导电轨迹覆盖有金、镍和玻璃中的一种或者多种,和
所述电绝缘衬底包括纸、玻璃、陶瓷、阳极氧化金属、被覆金属和聚酰亚胺中的一种或者多种。
9.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述电源依据期望的温度和由所述一个或者多个导电轨迹所感测到的温度将功率供给到所述至少一个加热器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述期望的温度是所述加热器加热所述形成浮质的衬底但是还没有燃烧所述形成浮质的衬底的温度。
11.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述绝热材料包括多个气腔。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述多个气腔以规则的图案布置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,所述多个气腔是六角形的,并且布置成蜂窝结构。
14.根据以上任一项权利要求所述的电加热的发烟系统,其中,除了导电轨迹之外,绝热材料也可以设置在电绝缘衬底上。
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