CN1046212C - 高纯咪唑啉基两性乙酸盐表面活性剂制备方法 - Google Patents
高纯咪唑啉基两性乙酸盐表面活性剂制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1046212C CN1046212C CN94117119A CN94117119A CN1046212C CN 1046212 C CN1046212 C CN 1046212C CN 94117119 A CN94117119 A CN 94117119A CN 94117119 A CN94117119 A CN 94117119A CN 1046212 C CN1046212 C CN 1046212C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- imidazoline
- reaction
- alkyl imidazoline
- alkali
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- -1 unalkylated amido amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 61
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- GOHZKUSWWGUUNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN1CCN=C1 GOHZKUSWWGUUNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OOJGMLFHAQOYIL-SQIWNDBBSA-N (2e,4e)-hexadeca-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O OOJGMLFHAQOYIL-SQIWNDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N (9E)-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005179 haloacetyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical class OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 38
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 26
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VRYGRLBNIVQXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;acetic acid;chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-].CC(O)=O VRYGRLBNIVQXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004348 Glyceryl diacetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019443 glyceryl diacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDKZHNJTLHOSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].CC(O)=O Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O BDKZHNJTLHOSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003140 primary amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VILMUCRZVVVJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium glycolate Chemical group [Na+].OCC([O-])=O VILMUCRZVVVJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVSZYZMRFBQRCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=1N(CCN1)OCC HVSZYZMRFBQRCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ATACSYDDCNWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroacetic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CCl ATACSYDDCNWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHDHSEXMMNYEQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 SHDHSEXMMNYEQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCVGSSQICKMAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 NCVGSSQICKMAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVNBMMKXLDHERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 WVNBMMKXLDHERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBIWNQVZKHSHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamine;oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 KBIWNQVZKHSHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEBCPDVCXPIZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)ON1C(=NCC1)CCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(C)ON1C(=NCC1)CCCCCCCCCCCC YEBCPDVCXPIZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007445 Chromatographic isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CEVRHGVQRGAUIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].BrCC(=O)O Chemical compound [K].BrCC(=O)O CEVRHGVQRGAUIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKRAOTCLMXZGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].BrCC(=O)O Chemical compound [Na].BrCC(=O)O QKRAOTCLMXZGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FRTNIYVUDIHXPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical class CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.NCCN FRTNIYVUDIHXPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005251 capillar electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008294 cold cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004064 cosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001470 diamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000400 lauroyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RLAQMYBFAVTHSC-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;acetic acid;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+].CC(O)=O RLAQMYBFAVTHSC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012421 spiking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
- C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
- C11D7/5022—Organic solvents containing oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供了较高纯度的咪唑啉基两性乙酸盐表面活性剂,它含几乎忽略量的未烷基化酰胺,低量乙醇酸和单氯代乙酸盐,优于目前使用的两性乙酸盐。它们表面活性改善,纯度改善使刺激减小。高纯度两性乙酸盐可通过在咪唑淋或其开链衍生物与烷基化试剂如单氯代乙酸钠反应过程中利用精确控制pH的方法来获得。单氯代乙酸钠与取代咪唑啉或其开环衍生物的比率为1.5∶1.0到近1.0∶1.0之间。
Description
本发明涉及组合物稠度、柔性和表面活性得到改善的较高纯度咪唑啉基两性乙酸盐表面活性剂及其改进的制备方法。
咪唑啉基两性乙酸盐表面性剂广泛地用作化妆品组合物如洗发剂,清洗剂等等的表面活性基剂,因为已知这些产品的柔性,安全度及对皮肤和眼睛无刺激作用。
从咪唑啉类得到的两性乙酸盐表面活性剂是一类特征在于初期出现正和负电荷位的表面活性剂。因此,依据介质的pH值,它们可作为阴离子,阳离子或非离子表面活性剂。
两性乙酸盐表面活性剂表现出极好的表面活性特性如表面张力减小,较低的PC-20值(表面活性效能-降低表面活性20个单位所需的表面活性剂量),极好地起泡性,润湿性等等。它们与阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂都是相容的。由于它们的生物降解性,对皮肤无刺激及减小更刺激表面活性剂如醚硫酸盐刺激的独特能力,两性乙酸盐表面活性剂作为辅助表面活性剂在个人关心工业得到了广泛应用。而且,由于它们的水解稳定性,与电解质相容性和极好的水助溶能力,它们也用于家庭和工业清洗剂配方。
有几种不同类型的基于咪唑啉的两性表面活性剂如丙酸盐类,磺酸盐类和乙酸盐类。它们由适当的咪啉衍生物与含所需功能基的合适试剂反应制备。例如,两性乙酸盐可由下面反应制备:
1)通过氨基乙基链烷醇胺或乙烯链烷烯三胺与脂肪酸反应形成取代的咪唑啉:式
2)把咪唑啉水解成酰胺,随后(或同时)在氢氧化钠存在下将这些化合物与烷基化试剂如单卤代乙酸或它的钠盐反应。
反应产物不含咪唑啉结构,尽管本说明书将继续使用咪唑啉基两性表面活性剂可接受的技术术语。
已经考虑到咪唑啉基两性表面活性剂可能含有不同表面活性剂种类的混合物。下面结构在文件中已被引用:
过去提出的结构
在这些式中R基代表椰子基或其他合适的烷基部分。
Cosmetic Toiletry and Fragrance Accociation lnter-national Cosmietic Ingredients Dictionary记载了作为不同类型咪唑啉基两性表面活性剂的两性乙酸盐和两性双乙酸盐。这些是通过咪唑啉在烷基化(羧基化)条件下与-当量(或稍微过量)或两当量(或过量)适当的烷基化试剂如单氯代乙酸钠反应制备的。相应的烷基链可能是椰子基,十二烷基(椰子基或十二烷基两性乙酸盐或二乙酸盐)或选自其它的脂肪酸,如具体应用所要求的。而且,由于起始咪唑啉性质上是不对称的,所以两种类型的衍生物都可以从由咪唑啉得到可能胺之一产生。因此,两种结构类型“伯胺/叔酰胺”和“仲胺/伯酰胺”都在文献中提到过。
通常用于生产两性乙酸盐和二乙酸盐的烷基化试剂单氯代乙酸钠是一种活性化学品,它在反应条件下可进行一些不同类型的反应:
1.与咪唑啉或水解的咪唑啉的氨基功能基反应产生单或多羧基化种类。2.与水反应产生相应的乙醇酸衍生物或与乙醇酸衍生物反应产生二乙醇酸盐。3.与咪唑啉衍生物的羟基乙基反应产生相应的羧甲基醚。
在上面可能反应中,仅“1”和“3”被希望形成所需的两性种类,其中类型2的反应形成不需要的副产品(乙醇酸盐/二乙醇酸盐),因此减少适于反应的烷基化试剂的量。
最近,基于新发展的分析方法,已证实:商用椰子基/十二酰基两性乙酸盐含(除氯化钠外)下面主要有机成份:
两性乙酸盐(从仲胺/伯酰胺得到,式Ⅱ)
相应的未烷基化的酰胺
乙醇酸盐/二乙醇酸盐
残余的单氯乙酸钠
上述结果基于使用核磁共振光谱(1H,13C),液相和气相色谱,离子色谱和毛细管电泳。
下表表示分析三种商品两性乙酸盐所得的结果:
两性乙酸盐 | 未烷基化的酰胺 | 乙二酸(%) | |
比 率 | |||
商品Ⅰ商品Ⅱ商品Ⅲ | 756383 | 253717 | 2.62.42.0 |
从上面结果可以看出:商品都含有大量未烷基化材料。未烷基化材料的出现对表面活性产生负效应。
过量的单氯乙酸钠也形成副产品乙醇酸,呈乙醇酸钠形式。这个副产品是不能接受的,因为乙醇酸对所需化合物的表面活性特性没有贡献。
美国专利4,269,730讲述了一种制备增高纯度两性表面活性剂的方法,方法是把基本上纯的取代咪唑啉和对每mol咪唑啉1.0-2.5摩尔当量的氯代乙酸盐及水的混合物加热到70°-80℃,固体含量为20%-50%,加热直到氯代乙酸盐基本上被消耗掉;然后基于氯代乙酸盐加入1.0-2.5摩尔当量NaOH并于70°-80℃加热。至少直到基本上所有的咪唑啉环打开以形成15%-35%固体的透明水溶液。与该参考文献讲述的相反,已发现:该专利产品仍然合影响最终产品表面活性的副产品量。
通过仔细控制反应条件,基本上全部烷基化咪唑啉产生两性乙酸盐表面活性剂,甚至当使用相对咪唑啉低过量的单氯乙酸钠(1.0-1.5∶1)。与目前由商品两性二乙酸盐提供的表面活性相比该产品表现出表面活性特性,但它含相当低水平的乙醇酸钠或氯化钠。而且,与常规的两性乙酸盐相比,本发明的产品基本上除去酰胺,同时含可比量的氯化钠和较低含量的乙醇酸衍生物。对比常规材料,这些较高纯度两性乙酸盐表现出优越的表面活性特性。
根据本发明,得到了改进的咪唑啉基两性乙酸盐表面活性剂,它的特征是更高纯度,表现出改善的表面活性,由改善的起泡性,润湿作用,去污性和较高的表面张力减小证实。这些改善的两性乙酸盐表面活性剂可由包括在全部反应及尤其在该方法的烷基化部分过程中使用控制pH值的新方法制备。可通过慢慢地或响应pH测量装置自动地加入适当的碱如氢氧化钠以保持恒定的pH来控制pH。这也可通过系列性地加入计算好以保持pH在所需范围内的碱如氢氧化钠来完成。也已发现:高纯产品可通过在烷基化之前咪唑啉经受有利于环打开的条件,随后在仔细控制的条件下与烷基化试剂如单氯代乙酸钠反应来获得。通过在控制pH条件下咪唑啉或它的开环衍生物与卤代乙酸盐反应,烷基化反应的产率实质性地提高,导致形成较低量的乙醇酸。乙醇酸形成于卤代乙酸盐并且通常由过量乙酸盐补偿。本发明方法考虑到使用取代咪唑啉或它的衍生物与卤代乙酸盐的低摩尔比,小于1∶1.5和接近1∶1,同时得到基本上完全烷基化的产品。
在反应过程中仔细的pH和温度控制使具有少量单氯代乙酸钠的反应能够进行,导致高纯产品(较少的副产品:未烷基化的酰胺,乙醇酸,NaCl和残余的卤代乙酸盐)。除了与由通过先有技术方法制备的材料纯化获得的产品相比经济上更有吸引力外,本发明的产品表现出优越的表面活性特性,较大的配制揉性。
用于本发明实际的起始原始咪唑啉可由下式表示: 式1其中R是每个分子中含5到19个碳原子的脂肪族基,X是OH或NH2,N是2到4的整数。优选的是,R是每个分子中含约8到18个碳原子的脂族基,X是OH,N等于2。
因为涉及化学,上式的化合物一般含上面定义范围内的不同R基的混合物。在本发明的一个优选方式中,R是从椰子油或类似天然油来源如棕榈仁油或动物脂肪来源如动物脂得到的饱和和不饱和脂族基的混合物。在这种情况下,每个R是含约5到18个碳原子的烷基混合物。在更优选材料中,烷基混合物是从椰子油或类似天然植物油饱和部分得到的。在椰子油脂肪酸情况下,每个R范围是约6到约18个碳原子。化合物中约90%的R基给出这些范围。由于这些R基从天然油中得到,因此它们可能含少量其它碳链。另外,可以使用基于单羧酸如月桂酸或其它馏分的适于特定应用的咪唑啉。
用于本发明的咪唑啉应是基本上纯的形式。“基本上纯”意思是基本上除去脂肪酸,氨基乙基乙醇胺,酰胺酯和二酰胺。为本发明的目的,出现酰胺是可以接受的,可使用制备咪唑啉的任何方便方法。
原始咪唑啉的实例包括2-庚基咪唑啉,2-十二烷基咪唑啉,2-十七烷基咪唑啉,1-羟乙基-2-十二烷基咪唑啉,1-羟乙基-2-十七烷基咪唑啉,等等,可用于制备咪唑啉的单脂肪酸和脂肪酸混合物的实例可包括椰子油脂肪酸,棕榈仁油脂肪酸,癸酸,己酸,辛酸,十六碳二烯酸,月桂酸,亚油酸,亚麻酸,十七烷酸,十四烷酸,9-十四烯酸,油酸,棕榈酸,棕榈油酸,硬脂酸等等。
在本发明方法的实践中,在烷基化反应之前将有利于咪唑啉环打开的条件下进行咪唑啉反应已成为理论。反应一般在初始阶段进行有利于环打开。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在pH升高到大约8.5到大约10的条件下加热咪唑啉以促进至少多数咪唑啉环的开环。在另一实施方案方案在高pH有利于开环的条件下咪唑啉可与单卤代乙酸盐混合。在第三个实施方案中,在加入过程中pH保持在大约9到大约10的条件下随着碱的加入把单卤代乙酸盐加入咪唑啉中。给出该理论目的在于解释本发明,但申请人并不希望固持这个理论。
在本发明的实践中,咪唑啉与单卤代乙酸盐一起加热。卤代乙酸盐在与咪唑啉混合之前优选在水溶液中。完成这个的方便方法是仅在反应之前从酸制备盐。这个步骤的一个优点是可用中和在咪唑啉与卤代乙酸盐反应过程中形成的氢卤酸的过量碱制备盐。超过的pH优选范围在大约8到大约10之间。当然,卤代乙酸盐可购买或在别处制备,可溶于水中且这样使用或优选与加入的上面讨论的过量碱一起使用。
其中阳离子部分是碱金属离子的合适单卤代乙酸盐的实例包括单氯乙酸钠,单溴乙酸钠,单氯乙酸钾和单溴乙酸钾。优选的单卤代乙酸盐是单氯代乙酸的钠盐和钾盐。
可用于本发明方法的适当碱的实例包括氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,碳酸钠,碳酸钾,碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢钾,等等。优选的是,碱为氢氧化钠和/或氢氧化钾。
单卤代乙酸或其盐与咪唑啉或胺的摩尔比优选大于1。在比例小于1的量时,单卤代乙酸盐不足以产生完全的烷基化,使产品受无表面活性的酰胺污染。如果使用太高的比率,由于单卤代乙酸盐将与碱反应把反应物转变成乙醇酸,所以产品将含过量乙醇酸。本发明令人惊奇的结果是仅用需要使反应完成同时仍然基本上完成全部烷基化的稍微过量可使比率尽可能低。借助本发明可保持比率低到1.05∶1。优选的比率范围是大约1.05∶1到大约1.5∶1,更优选的是1.05∶1到大约1.4∶1,最优选的是1.05∶1到大约1.2∶1。
一般在工业上众所周知的反应温度下进行反应。主要反应的反应温度可高达95℃,优选在大约50℃到大约95℃之间。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中使用温度高达约95℃;在另一实施方案中范围在大约70℃到大约80℃之间的温度是有效的;在第三个实施方案中,使用温度为大约50℃。更优选的是,温度范围从大约75℃到大约85℃。在认为主反应反应完全之后可加热反应以保证反应的完全。在这部分反应过程中温度可高达100℃。
反应时间足以完成每个所需反应步骤且可容易地由熟练技术人员测定。
一般来说,单卤代乙酸或盐与咪唑啉尽可能快且实际地混合用以使反应物混合完全。因为pH控制是重要的,反应物,尤其是碱,以防止pH升到大约10以上的速率加入。在加入碱过程中应细心地避免局部“热点”。碱逐渐加入以避免任何pH波动。
在反应过程中仔细的pH和温度控制使具有少量单卤代乙酸钠的反应进行,导致更高纯度的产品(较少副产品未烷基化酰胺,乙醇酸,NaCl和残余卤代乙酸盐)。本发明组合物的特征是以活性为基础未烷基化酰胺水平少于大约3.5%,优选少于大约2.0%,更优选少于大约0.5%。本发明组合物的另一特征是以活性为基础乙醇酸的水平小于约4.5%,优选小于大约3.5%,更优选小于大约2.5%。本发明组合物的进一步特征是以活性为基础碱金属盐如氯化钠的水平小于大约27%,优选小于大约23%,更优选小于大约20%。与通过由先有技术方法制备的材料纯化获得的产品相比,因为改善了纯度,本发明的产品除经济上更有吸引力外,还表现出优越的表面活性特性,较大的配制揉性。
本发明的两性乙酸盐表面活性剂极其温和,对眼睛和皮肤都无刺激。它们也表现出增大的润湿速度,较大的表面张力减小,高起泡性及泡沫稳定性,低毒性,与其它阴离子、离子和非离子表面活性剂极好的相容性。这些产品在广泛的pH范围内是稳定的且可生物降解。这些特性使这些表面活性剂适合用于从化妆品到工业应用的产品,且这种类型两性乙酸盐表面活性剂无论在什么应用场合都可应用。这些产品尤其用于非刺激的洗发剂,包括婴儿洗发剂,洗体剂,包括起泡浴液,肥皂块,浴胶,头发调理胶,洗剂,护肤膏和洗剂,化妆清除膏和洗剂,液体去污剂,洗碗剂和其它接触皮肤的清洗和化妆产品。
本发明由下面实施例更完全地说明。以活性为基础在实施例中制备的及在权利要求中给出的产品百分比纯度是(按重量计)基于存在于产品中活性材料的量,该产品是通过从反应的固体中脱除氯化钠,乙醇酸和酰胺的量测定的。
实施例1
本实施例用反应物加入的不同阶段举例说明本发明的方法。
向装搅拌器,温度计和滴液漏斗的4-颈圆底烧瓶中加入465克水,1.6克乙二胺四乙酸,207.0克(2.19mol)单氯代乙酸(99+%)和366.2克冰。随着冷却向烧瓶中慢慢加入218.4克(2.73mol)50%氢氧化钠溶液。在加入苛性碱过程中温度保持在35℃到40℃之间。
先于65℃到70℃熔融的504.0克(1.81mol)椰子咪唑啉尽快地加到反应容器中。在20分钟内完成的加入过程中温度保持在50℃以下。反应混合物过凝胶相后变为清澈溶液。椰子咪唑啉加入完成后温度保持在50℃两小时。然后温度上升到75℃,分三步加入苛性碱。
加入33.6克(0.42mol)50%氢氧化钠溶液,反应混合物于75℃保持15分钟。加入另外33.6克(0.42摩尔)并且于75℃保持15分钟。然后加入25.08克(0.31mol)50%氢氧化钠。加入这些后pH为9.3。反应混合物于75℃再保持3小时。在此期间,每30分钟测定反应pH。如果pH小于8.5,加入另外的氢氧化钠使pH升到9.5。3小时后,测定氯浓度,即无机氯被存在于反应物中氯量除。通过测量样品中氯含量,随后在苛性碱避煮沸样品以释放任何有机键合的氯,因此测定样品中的总氧含量来测定这个比率。如果氯比率为0.99,反应可看作是完成了;如果小于0.99,不能认为基本上完成了烷基化反应,反应于75℃继续进行。当氯比率为0.99或更高时,认为反应已完成,混合物加热到90℃到95℃两小时,再检查氯化率时,产品冷却到60℃,加入146.0克水,固体含量为44%到45%。
以产品本身为基础按重量计产品分析43.9%固体,0.76%乙醇酸,少于50ppm单氯代乙酸钠和6.8%氯化钠或以总活性为基础2.1%乙醇酸,18.7%氯化钠和少于115ppm单氯代乙酸钠。由13CNMR分析表明产品是“R”为椰子基的式Ⅱ代合物。未烷基化酰胺不存在。这由通过与由色谱分离获得的纯未烷基化材料一起加同位素指示剂进行的毛细管色谱进一步证实。该产品表现出杰出的表面活性特性,且被预料表现出很低的刺激特性。
用概括在ASTM方法D1173中的Ross Miles FoamHeight Test及对比描述成Rhone-Poulenc公司的商品MiranolCM评价本产品作为起泡剂的性能。所得结果如下:
ROSS MILES FOAM HEIGHT在
25℃.-0.1%活生
时间=0
样品/pH | pH9.8 | pH7.1 |
MIRANOL CM | 14.3CM | 3.5CM |
实施例1 | 14.7CM | 15.3CM |
ROSS MILES FOAM HEIGHT在25℃.
0.1% 活性 -300PPM 硬水 -pH=7
样品/时间(分钟) | 时间=0 | 时间=5分 |
MIRANOL CM | 2.7CM | 2.45CM |
实施例1 | 15.7CM | 15.6CM |
从上面结果明显看出:本发明产品,不考虑在硬水或软水中,提供了优越的表面活性。相比而言,商品,尤其在硬水中,表面出表面活性的减少。这说明商品受未烷基化材料污染。
实施例2
用氯代乙酸纳对咪唑啉的不同摩尔比重复实施例1的方法。报导在下表Ⅱ中结果清楚地表明乙醇酸形成的减少和未烷基化酰胺的缺乏。
表
号 | 摩尔比单氯代乙酸钠对咪唑啉 | 烷基化/未烷基化含量 | 活性 | 乙醇酸%按重量计/按活性计 | NaCl%按重量计/按活性计 | 酰胺活性基础 |
1234 | 1.101.151.201.40 | >99.9 <0.1>99.9 <0.1>99.9 <0.1>99.9 <0.1 | 38.337.235.236.2 | 0.70(1.83)0.76(2.04)0.94(2.67)1.61(4.45) | 6.45(16.8)6.5(17.4)6.8(19.3)7.1(19.6) | <0.25<0.27<0.28<0.28 |
实施例3
在反应过程中采用控制加入NaOH以保证恒定pH重复实施例1的方法。椰子咪唑啉加到单氯代乙酸钠中后及在75℃加热2小时后,以足以保持反应混合物pH值在9.5到10之间的速率加入50%氢氧化钠水溶液(92.2克,1.15mol)。pH由pH计监控。反应温度保持在75℃。加入完成后反应于75℃保持1小时。气相色谱分析表明产品含少于0.2%的未烷基化酰胺。
实施例4
本实施例用同时加入氯代乙酸和苛性碱说明本发明。已成定论:本步骤首先将咪唑啉转变成仲胺,然后仲胺被慢慢并发加入的烷基化试剂和苛性碱烷基化。
向装备有搅拌器,温度计,两个加样漏斗和一个pH探针的5颈烧瓶中加入75克水和70克(0.25mol)椰子咪唑啉。反应混合物加热到80℃。向该溶液中同时加入56.7克(0.3mol)50%氯代乙酸水溶液和40克(0.5mol)50%氢氧化钠溶液,同时保持pH在9到10范围内。加入需要1小时。于80℃搅拌混合物2小时。氯比率为0.99。NMR分析表明不存在未烷基化的酰胺。这进一步由气相色谱分析证实。
实施例5
本实施例说明其中咪唑啉被首先转变成仲胺,然后被一起慢慢加入的烷基化试剂和苛性碱来烷基化的步骤。
向装备有两个反应物加入泵,一个备有桨式搅拌器和叶片、以大约45转/分速率操作的搅拌器,一个使用玻璃热电偶和温度控制器的反应控制器和低流速氮喷雾器的2升反应溶器中加入380克(1.38mol)椰子咪唑啉,380克水和2克47%氢氧化纳溶液。随着搅拌和氮气吹入,混合物加热到85℃,达到85℃后的一小时期间内温度升到95℃。pH为9.2。达到95℃后,开始慢慢地加入675克25%单氯代乙酸钠水溶液(1.45mol,摩尔比为1.05∶1)。加入速率为2.8克/分钟(10个反应的平均值),它相当于5毫升/分钟。总加入时间为244分钟。开始加单氯代乙酸钠后约1小时,以0.9克/分的加入速率(它等于5.6毫升/分)加入264克(1.65mol,摩尔比1.19)25%的氢氧化钠溶液。总加入时间为293分钟。在加入过程中pH范围是9.2到9.7。加入完成时,于97到100℃加热反应混合物2小时,冷却。用盐酸中和pH。反应产生1683克产品。基于气相色谱和高效液相色谱,以本身重量为基础,产品分析36.5%固体,少于0.9未烷基化材料,0.8%乙醇酸和7.2%氯化钠。以活性为基础这相当于26.1%氯化钠,2.9%乙醇酸和3.3%未烷基化材料。
实施例6
向备有一个搅拌器,冷凝器,氮气进入/流出,蒸气加热,水冷却和两个测量泵的玻璃反应器内加入225份椰子咪唑啉(平均分子量268),200份水和2份25%氢氧化钠溶液。用蒸气加热混合物直到温度为85℃,然后在1小时内间歇地用蒸气加热直到温度慢慢地升到95℃。达到95℃后,开始慢慢地加入445份25%单氯代乙酸钠水溶液(摩尔比为1.2∶1/单氯代乙酸钠∶咪唑啉)。平均加入速率为95份/小时。开始加入单氯代乙酸钠后1小时,开始加150份25%氢氧化钠水溶液(1.19摩尔当量)。为了保持pH在8.5到9.5范围内采用缓和的加入方法以大约16份/小时的速率逐渐加入氢氧化钠溶液。
在整个反应过程中温度保持在95℃,只是对反应最后一小时温度升到98℃以便把残余的单氯代乙酸钠转变成乙醇酸。
中和后,得到下面分析结果:
固体) 35.9%
pH(20%) 8.42
Color(2 Gardner)Lovibond 11Y-2.2R
本身为基础 活性为基础NaCl 7.19 26.5酰胺 .86 3.2单氯代乙酸钠 <5ppm乙醇酸 0.8 2.95氮 2.2
实施例7
这是对比实施例,表明未按照本发明,出现未烷基化种类的效果。向350克水中的116.6克(1.0mol)氯代乙酸钠中加入92.8克(1.16mol)50%氢氧化钠溶液。反应温度高至35℃,快速加入278克(1.0mol)椰子咪唑啉。反应混合物的温度是85℃到90℃,保持在此温度3小时。清澈的液体调到45%固体,分析。气相色谱分析表明产品含未烷基化酰胺。烷基化产品与未烷基化产品的比率为75/25。
实施例8
这是使用美国专利4,269,730的实施例1的对比实施例。该专利讲述到:咪唑啉与氯代乙酸盐之间的反应在pH9(pH7.5-8.5)条件下进行来提供环内铵盐,它在pH9以下稳定。在该专利中讲述的反应进行用以靠保持pH仅稍微碱性制备内铵盐。
用这引用的条件重复美国专利4,269,730的实施例的1步骤。气相色谱分析产品,发现烷基化酰胺与未烷基化酰胺的比率为85/15。用单氯代乙酸钠对咪唑啉摩尔比为1.2∶1的第二个实验产生一种产品,表明烷基化产品与未烷基化酰胺的比率为70/30。
Claims (18)
1.一种制备两性乙酸盐表面活性剂的方法,主要包括下列步骤:在碱存在下在pH为从8.5到10.0的条件下使烷基咪唑啉或其开环衍生物与单卤代乙酸或其盐以1∶1.05到1∶1.5的比率进行反应,从而得到主要含有下列组分的表面活性剂:
ⅰ)式Ⅰ的化合物
R-C(O)-N(H)-CH2CH2-N-(CH2)nX
CH2C(O)OM
其中R表示含5到19个碳原子的脂族基,n是2到4的整数,X是OH或NH2,而M为碱金属或碱土金属;
ⅱ)卤化物碱金属盐;
ⅲ)重量百分比少于3.5%的未烷基化的酰胺;
ⅳ)重量百分比少于4.5%的乙醇酸;
ⅴ)水;
上述重量百分比是基于两性乙酸盐表面活性剂的总活性重量。
3.一种如权利要求2所述的方法,其中X为OH。
4.一种如权利要求2所述的方法,其中R从下面得到:椰子油脂肪酸,棕榈仁油脂肪酸,癸酸,己酸,辛酸,十六碳二烯酸,月桂酸,亚油酸,亚麻酸,十七烷酸,十四烷酸,9-十四烯酸,油酸,棕榈酸,棕榈油酸,和硬脂酸及其混合物。
5.一种如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中烷基咪唑啉是椰子咪唑啉。
6.一种如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中碱选自氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,碳酸钠,碳酸钾,碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢钾,及其混合物。
7.一种如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中在反应过程中pH保持在8.5到9.5之间。
8.一种如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中反应在75℃到85℃的温度范围内进行。
9.一种如权利要求2中所述的方法,其中R为每个分子中含5到19中碳原子的脂族基,X是OH,n为2,M是钠,碱是氢氧化钠和/或氢氧化钾,温度范围是50℃到95℃。
10.一种如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中在反应点是多数咪唑啉呈开环形式。
11.一种如权利要求10中所述的方法,其中在反应过程中pH保持在8.5到9.5之间。
12.一种如权利要求10中所述的方法,其中烷基咪唑啉是椰子咪唑啉。
13.一种如权利要求10中所述的方法,其中单卤代乙酰是单氯代乙酸的钠盐。
14.一种如权利要求10所述的方法,其中基本上全部咪唑啉为开环衍生物。
15.一种如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
a)在8.5到9.5的pH范围内加热烷基咪唑啉以形成该烷基咪唑啉的开环化合物,
b)在碱存在下在反应过程中反应混合物的pH不超过10的条件下该咪唑啉的该开环衍生物与单卤代乙酸或其盐反应,
c)回收生成的两性乙酸盐表面活性剂。
16.一种如权利要求15所述的方法,其中反应的温度范围是从50℃到95℃。
17.一种如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
a)在8.5到9.5的pH范围内加热烷基咪唑啉一段时间足以使多数烷基咪唑啉开环,
b)在碱存在下在反应过程中反应混合物的pH不超过10以上,反应温度在50℃到95℃之间的条件下a)步的产品与单卤代乙酸或其盐反应,
c)回收生成的两性乙酸盐表面活性剂。
18.一种如权利要求1所述的方法,主要包括下列步骤:
ⅰ)将脂肪酸与氨基乙基乙醇胺反应,形成烷基咪唑啉;
ⅱ)在8.5至10的pH范围内使上述烷基咪唑啉加热反应,形成烷基咪唑啉的开环衍生物;
ⅲ)在碱存在下在反应过程中反应混合物的pH为从8.5至10.0的条件下使上述烷基咪唑啉开环衍生物与单卤代乙酸或其盐反应;以及
ⅳ)回收所述烷基化反应的两性乙酸盐表面活性剂产物。
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US13509493A | 1993-10-12 | 1993-10-12 | |
US135,094 | 1993-10-12 |
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US (3) | US5744063A (zh) |
EP (2) | EP0647469B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2935641B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR950011601A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1046212C (zh) |
AT (2) | ATE466653T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU680933B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9404065A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2132289A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE69435293D1 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2341244T3 (zh) |
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US6566408B1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2003-05-20 | Rhodia, Inc. | Aqueous surfactant compositions of monoalkyl phosphate ester salts and amphoteric surfactants |
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DE10055518A1 (de) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-23 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Verwendung von amphoteren Tensiden |
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WO2010056854A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Irix Pharmaceuticals | N-alkanoyl-n,n',n'-alkylenediamine trialkanoic acid esters |
US8105995B2 (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2012-01-31 | Conopco, Inc. | Specific mild low surfactant, high emollient systems which retain foaming and phase stability |
WO2014170448A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Use of cationic surfactants in the cyanidation of refractory carbonaceous ores for recovery of metals |
CN103304800B (zh) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-06-04 | 江苏四新界面剂科技有限公司 | 生物质聚氧乙烯醚羧基化不对称双子界面剂的制备方法 |
KR101989177B1 (ko) | 2018-08-29 | 2019-09-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 인공지능 기반의 세탁물 처리기기 및 그의 제어 방법 |
CN109289696B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2022-03-22 | 天津先光化工有限公司 | 一种咪唑啉两性表面活性剂的制备方法 |
CN110283668A (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-09-27 | 苏州绿叶日用品有限公司 | 一种改善洗涤剂泡沫性能的表面活性剂组合物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN113413830B (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-08-02 | 江南大学 | 一种双亲性-强极性智能转换的多重响应性乳状液及其制备 |
CN113600097B (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-02-14 | 上海发凯化工有限公司 | 一种不对称双子咪唑啉磷酸酯盐表面活性剂的制备方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2215993T3 (es) | 2004-10-16 |
JPH07179888A (ja) | 1995-07-18 |
EP0647469B1 (fr) | 2004-05-06 |
AU7447194A (en) | 1995-05-04 |
EP1449577B1 (fr) | 2010-05-05 |
EP0647469A2 (fr) | 1995-04-12 |
ES2215993T5 (es) | 2010-09-07 |
DE69435293D1 (de) | 2010-06-17 |
KR950011601A (ko) | 1995-05-15 |
ATE265884T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
EP0647469B2 (fr) | 2010-05-05 |
US5744063A (en) | 1998-04-28 |
EP1449577A1 (fr) | 2004-08-25 |
AU680933B2 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
ATE466653T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
JP2935641B2 (ja) | 1999-08-16 |
DE69433755D1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
DE69433755T3 (de) | 2010-09-23 |
CN1104929A (zh) | 1995-07-12 |
DE69433755T2 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
EP0647469A3 (fr) | 1996-04-03 |
BR9404065A (pt) | 1995-10-17 |
CA2132289A1 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
ES2341244T3 (es) | 2010-06-17 |
US6057282A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
US5952291A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
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