CN104601212B - 用于多输入多输出系统中的天线选择的方法和设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于多输入多输出系统中的天线选择的方法和设备。本发明阐述可灵活地实现所需空间多路复用阶数、空间分集阶数及信道估计开销阶数的传输方案。对于数据传输来说,确定接收机的所指派副载波及空间多路复用阶数(M),其中M≥1。对于每一所指派副载波来说,从用规范正交矩阵的V个列形成的V个虚拟天线中选择M个虚拟天线,其中V≥M。V可经选择以实现所需的空间分集阶数及信道估计开销阶数。通过应用所述规范正交矩阵,将输出符号映射到针对每一所指派副载波选择的M个虚拟天线。还将导频符号映射到所述V个虚拟天线。提供所述经映射符号以供从T个发射天线传输,其中T≥V。例如,基于正交频分多路复用(OFDM)或单载波频分多址(SC‑FDMA)产生所述经映射符号的传输符号。可针对所述T个发射天线应用不同的循环延迟以改良分集。
Description
分案申请的相关信息
本案是分案申请。该分案的母案是申请日为2006年8月22日、申请号为200680038384.X、发明名称为“用于多输入多输出系统中的天线选择的方法和设备”的发明专利申请案。
相关申请案交叉参考
本申请案主张优先于2005年8月22日申请的标题为“用于用户多输入多输出通信系统中的天线分集的方法及设备(Method and Apparatus for Antenna Diversity inMulti-input Multi-Output Communication Systems)”的美国临时专利申请案第60/710,408号及2005年8月24日申请的标题为“用于用户多输入多输出通信系统中的天线分集的方法及设备(Method and Apparatus for Antenna Diversity in Multi-input Multi-Output Communication Systems)”的美国临时专利申请案第60/711,144号,所述两个专利均受让给本发明的受让人且以引用方式并入本文中。本申请案进一步涉及与本文同日申请的标题为“蜂窝式系统中的自适应扇区化(Adaptive Sectorization in CellularSystems)”序号待定的共同受让美国专利申请案,且其以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本揭示内容一般来说涉及通信,且更具体来说涉及无线通信的传输方案。
背景技术
在无线通信系统中,发射机(例如基站或终端)可利用多个(T个)发射天线进行对装备有一个或多个(R个)接收天线的接收机的数据传输。所述多个发射天线可用于通过从所述天线发射不同数据来增加系统通过量及/或通过重复地发射数据来改良可靠性。举例来说,发射机可从所有T个发射天线发射既定符号,且接收机可经由R个接收天线接收这一符号的多个版本。一般来说,所发射符号的所述多个版本会改良接收机还原所述符号的能力。
可通过开发借助所述多个发射天线及(如果存在)所述多个接收天线所获得的空间维度来改良传输性能。每一对发射与接收天线之间均存在传播路径。T个发射天线与R个接收天线之间形成T-R个不同的传播路径。所述传播路径可经历不同的信道条件(例如不同的衰落、多路径及干扰影响)并可实现不同的信号对噪声及干扰比(SNR)。所述T-R个传播路径的信道响应可在路径之间发生变化,且可进一步对于分散性无线信道在频率上发生变化及/或对于时变无线信道随时间发生变化。
使用多个发射天线进行数据传输的主要缺点是:通常需要估计每一对发射及接收天线之间(或每一传播路径)的信道响应,以正确地接收数据传输。出于若干原因,估计所有T-R个发射及接收天线对的全部信道响应可能是不合需要的。首先,为了传输用于信道估计的导频,可能消耗大量链路资源,这又会减少可用于传输数据的链路资源。其次,对所有T-R个发射及接收天线对的信道估计会增加接收机处的处理开销。
因此,在此项技术中需要可改善估计所有发射及接收天线对的全部信道响应的需要的传输方案。
发明内容
本文阐述可灵活地实现所需空间多路复用阶数、空间分集阶数及信道估计开销阶数的传输方案。空间多路复用阶数确定在一个符号周期内将在一个副载波上同时发送的符号数量,空间分集阶数确定由所发射符号遵守的空间分集量,且信道估计开销阶数确定导频开销量。
在一个实施例中,为进行从发射机到接收机的数据传输,确定指派给所述接收机的副载波及用于所述接收机的空间多路复用阶数(M),其中M≥1。对于每一所指派的副载波来说,从以规范正交矩阵的V个列形成的V个虚拟天线中选择M个虚拟天线,其中V≥M。V可经选择以实现所需的空间分集阶数及信道估计开销阶数。如下文所述,可采用各种方法选择每一所指派副载波的M个虚拟天线。通过应用所述规范正交矩阵将接收机的输出符号映射到为每一所指派副载波所选择的M个虚拟天线。同样将导频符号映射到所述V个虚拟天线。提供所述经映射输出符号及导频符号(或发射符号)以从T个物理发射天线进行传输,其中T>V。针对每一发射天线基于所述发射天线的发射符号产生传输符号(例如,OFDM符号或SC-FDMA符号)。可对所述T个发射天线的传输符号应用不同的循环延迟。
本发明的各种方面及实施例将在下文中得到进一步详细阐述。
附图说明
根据下文所述的详细阐述并结合所述图示,将更易明了本发明的特征及性质,其中所有图示中相同的参考符号相应地进行识别。
图1显示无线通信系统。
图2A及2B分别显示MISO及MIMO信道。
图3显示具有虚拟天线的传输方案。
图4显示具有虚拟天线及循环延迟分集的传输方案。
图5显示通过循环经过各虚拟天线的MIMO传输。
图6A、6B及6C显示三个实例性副载波结构。
图7显示实例性频率跳跃方案。
图8显示用于符号率跳跃的实例性导频方案。
图9A到9D显示四个用于区块跳跃的实例性导频方案。
图10显示用于将数据及导频传输到一个或多个接收机的过程。
图11显示用于将数据及导频传输到一个或多个接收机的设备。
图12显示一个基站及两个终端的方块图。
具体实施方式
在本文中,“实例性”一词用于意谓“用作实例、例子或例证”。本文中阐述为“实例性”的任一实施例或设计均未必应解释为较其它实施例或设计为优选或有利。
图1显示具有多个基站110及多个终端120的无线通信系统100。基站是与终端进行通信的站。基站可可被称作接入点、节点B及/或某一其它网络实体且可含有接入点、节点B及/或某一其它网络实体的一些或全部功能。每一基站110均为特定地理区域102提供通信覆盖。依据使用所述术语的上下文,术语“小区”可以是指基站及/或其覆盖区域。为改良系统容量,可将基站覆盖区域分割成多个更小的区域,例如三个更小的区域104a、104b及104c。每一更小的区域均由各自的基地收发机子系统(BTS)服务。依据使用所述术语的上下文,术语“扇区”可以是指BTS及/或其覆盖区域。对于经扇区化小区来说,所述小区中的所有扇区的BTS通常共同定位于所述小区的基站内。本文所述传输技术可用于具有若干经扇区化小区的系统及具有若干未经扇区化小区的系统。举例来说,所述技术可用于前述美国专利申请案序号[代理档案号码05091]中所阐述的系统。为简洁起见,在下文阐述中,术语“基站”通用于服务扇区的BTS及服务小区的基站。
终端120通常分散于整个系统中,且每一终端均可以是固定或可移动。终端也可称作移动台、用户设备及/或某些其它装置且可含有移动台、用户设备及/或某些其它装置的一些或全部功能。终端可以是无线装置、蜂窝式电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、无线调制解调器卡等等。每一终端可在任一既定时刻与下行链路及上行链路上的零个、一个或多个基站通信。下行链路(或正向链路)是指从基站到终端的通信链路,而上行链路(或反向链路)是指从终端到基站的通信链路。
对于集中式体系结构来说,系统控制器130耦合到基站110并为所述基站提供协调及控制。对于分布式体系结构来说,基站可根据需要彼此通信。
本文所述传输技术可用于各种无线通信系统,例如正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统、单载波频分多址(SC-FDMA)系统、频分多址(FDMA)系统、码分多址(CDMA)系统、时分多址(TDMA)系统、空分多址(SDMA)系统等等。OFDMA系统利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM),其是一种将总系统带宽分割成多个(K个)正交副载波的多载波调制技术。所述副载波也可称作音调(tone)、频率组等等。对于OFDM来说,每一副载波均与可借助数据调制的各自副载波相关联。SC-FDMA系统可利用交错FDMA(IFDMA)在分布于整个系统带宽上的副载波上进行传输,利用本地化FDMA(LFDMA)在毗邻副载波区块上进行传输,或利用增强型FDMA(EFDMA)在多个毗邻副载波区块上进行传输。一般来说,在OFDM的频域中及在SC-FDMA的时域中发送调制符号。
如下所述,可在一个符号周期内为一个发射天线产生OFDM符号。将N个调制符号映射到N个用于传输的副载波(或N个所指派副载波),且将信号值为零的零个符号映射到剩余K-N个副载波。对所述K个调制符号及零符号执行K点快速傅立叶逆转换(IFFT)或离散傅立叶逆转换(IDFT)以获得K个时域样本的序列。将所述序列的最后Q个样本复制到所述序列的开头以形成含有K+Q个样本的OFDM符号。所述Q个经复制样本通常称作循环前缀或保护间隔,且Q是循环前缀长度。循环前缀用于克服因频率选择性衰落(其是在整个系统带宽内变化的频率响应)所致的符号间干扰(ISI)。
如下所述,可在一个符号周期内为一个发射天线产生SC-FDMA符号。用N点快速傅立叶变换(EFT)或离散傅立叶变换(DFT)将将要在N个所指派副载波上发送的N个调制符号变换到频域以获得N个频域符号。将所述N个频域符号映射到N个所指派副载波,且将零符号映射剩余的K-N个副载波。随后对所述K个频域符号及零符号实施K点IFFT或IDFT以获得K个时域样本的序列。将所述序列的最后Q个样本复制到所述序列的开头以形成含有K+Q个样本的SC-FDMA符号。
传输符号可以是OFDM符号或SC-FDMA符号。在K+Q个样本/码片周期内传发射传输符号的K+Q个样本。符号周期是一个传输符号的持续时间且等于K+Q个样本/码片周期。
本文所述传输技术可用于下行链路以及上行链路。为清晰起见,下文说明的大部分是针对从基站(发射机)到一个或多个终端(接收机)的下行链路传输。对于每一副载波来说,基站可不借助SDMA而传输到一个终端或借助SDMA传输到多个终端。
图2A显示由基站110处的多个(T个)发射天线112a到112t及终端120x处的单个接收天线122x形成的多输入单输出(MISO)信道。所述MISO信道可由每一副载波k的1xT的信道响应行向量h(k)来表征,其中可由下式给出:
h(k)=[h1(k)h2(k)...hT(k)], 方程式(1)
其中hi(k)(i=1,...,T)表示副载波k的发射天线i与所述单个接收天线之间的耦合信道增益或复合信道增益。
图2B显示由基站110处的T个发射天线112a到112t及终端120y处的多个(R个)接收天线122a到122r形成的多输入多输出(MIMO)信道。所述MIMO信道可由每一副载波k的R x T信道响应矩阵H(k)来表征,其中可由下式给出:
方程式(2)
其中hj,i(k)(j=1,...,R且i=1,...,T)表示副载波k的发射天线i与接收天线j之间的复合信道增益;且
h i(k)是发射天线i的R x 1信道响应向量,发射天线i是H(k)的第i列。
发射机可在每一符号周期内在每一副载波上从T个发射天线发射一个或多个输出符号。每一输出符号可以是OFDM的调制符号、SC-FDMA的频域符号或某些其它复值。数据传输可由下述度量来量化:
·空间多路复用阶数(M)-在一个符号周期内经由T个发射天线在一个副载波上传输的输出符号数量;
·空间分集阶数(D)-所发射输出符号遵守的空间分集量;及
·信道估计开销阶数(C)-接收机针对每一接收天线所估计的虚拟天线数量。
一般来说,M≤min{T,R},D≤T且C≤T。空间分集是指使用多个发射天线所得的传输分集且不包括使用多个接收天线所得的接收分集。
如果发射机直接从所述T个发射天线发射输出符号,则接收机通常需要估计所有T个发射天线的全部信道响应以还原数据传输。则信道估计开销阶数为C=T。在某些情况中,(例如)如果信道条件不良,则可需要同时发射少于T个的输出符号。可使用所述T个发射天线的子集来发射少于T个的输出符号。然而,这并不合需要,这是因为可用于未使用的发射天线的发射功率并未适宜地用于传输。
本文所述传输方案容许灵活选择三个度量M、D及C,以实现数据传输在不同条件下的良好性能。举例来说,可针对具有高SNR的良好信道条件选择较大的空间多路复用阶数M,而针对具有低SNR的不良信道条件可选择较小的空间多路复用阶数。(例如)可在因低SNR导致的低通过量不能证明大信道估计开销正确的情况下选择较低的信道估计开销阶数C。
不论正发送的输出符号数量及无论使用哪些副载波进行传输,本文所述传输方案均可利用所有T个发射天线进行传输。此能力容许发射机(例如)通过利用耦合到每一天线的功率放大器来利用可用于所述T个发射天线的所有发射功率进行传输,这通常会改良性能。使用少于T个发射天线进行传输通常导致使用少于所有可用发射功率进行传输,这将影响性能。
本文所述传输方案可易于支持MIMO、单输入多输出(SIMO)及单输入单输出(SISO)传输。MIMO传输是在一个符号周期内于一个副载波上多个输出符号从多个虚拟天线到多个接收天线的传输。SIMO传输是在一个符号周期内于一个副载波上单个输出符号从一个虚拟天线到多个接收天线的传输。SISO传输是在一个符号周期内于一个副载波上单个输出符号从一个虚拟天线到一个接收天线的传输。发射机还可在一个符号周期内将MIMO、SIMO及/或SISO传输的组合发送到一个或多个接收机。
发射机可使用各种传输方案在一个符号周期内于一个副载波上从所述T个发射天线同时发射M个输出符号。在一个实施例中,发射机按下式处理所述输出符号以供传输:
x(k)=U·P(k)·s(k), 方程式(3)
其中s(k)是含有M个将要在一个符号周期内于副载波k上发送的输出符号的M x1向量;
P(k)是副载波k的V×M置换矩阵;
U =[u 1 u2...u v]是T×V规范正交矩阵;且
x(k)是含有T个将要在一个符号周期内于副载波k上从T个发射天线发送的发射符号的T×1向量。
V是借助规范正交矩阵U所形成的虚拟天线的数量。一般来说,1≤M≤V≤T。V可以是固定值或可配置值。
规范正交矩阵U是由属性U H·U=I表征,其中“H”表示共轭转置且I是单位矩阵(identity matrix)。U的V个列彼此正交,且每一列均具有单位功率(unit power)。在一个实施例中,U经定义以使每一行中的V个项的平方和等于常数值。这种属性导致将均等发射功率用于所有T个发射天线。U还可以是由属性U H·U=U·U H=I表征的酉矩阵(unitarymatrix)。可如下文所述形成规范正交矩阵及酉矩阵。U的V个列可用于形成在一个符号周期内于一个副载波上发送多达V个输出符号的V个虚拟天线。所述虚拟天线还可称作有效天线或某一其它术语。
在一个实施例中,在所有符号周期内将单个规范正交矩阵U用于所有总计K个副载波,以使U并非副载波索引k或符号索引n的函数。在另一个实施例中,将不同的规范正交矩阵用于可指派给不同接收机的不同副载波组。在再一个实施例中,将不同的规范正交矩阵用于不同的副载波。在再一个实施例中,将不同的规范正交矩阵用于不同的时间间隔,其中每一时间间隔可跨越一个或多个符号周期。在再一个实施例中,如下文所述,自多个规范正交矩阵中选择一个或多个规范正交矩阵以供使用。一般来说,可使用一个或多个规范正交矩阵传输数据及导频,以使接收机能够基于所述导频估计信道响应并使用所述信道响应估计值来还原发送到所述接收机的数据。
置换矩阵P(k)从V个可供使用的虚拟天线中选择哪M个虚拟天线将用于副载波k,或U的所述V个列中的哪M个列。如下文所述,可以各种方式定义置换矩阵P(k),且不同的置换矩阵可用于不同的副载波。
图3显示由方程序(3)给出的传输方案的模型300。发射机接收用于传输的每一副载波及符号周期的数据向量s(k)。虚拟天线映射器310处理数据向量s(k)并产生发射向量x(k)。在虚拟天线映射器310内,符号到虚拟天线映射单元312将数据向量s(k)与置换矩阵P(k)相乘,并产生V x 1中间向量。空间扩展单元314将所述中间向量与规范正交矩阵U相乘,并产生发射向量x(k)。所述发射向量x(k)是从T个发射天线发射并经由MIMO信道350到达接收机处的R个接收天线。
接收机处的所接收符号可表述为:
r(k)=H(k)·x(k)+n(k),
=H(k)·U·P(k)·s(k)+n(k),
=H eff(k)·P(k)·s(k)+n(k),
=H used(k)·s(k)+n(k),
方程式(4)
其中r(k)是含有在一个符号周期中于副载波k上来自R个接收天线的R个所接收符号的R x 1向量;
H cff(k)是副载波k的R×V有效信道响应矩阵;
H used(k)是副载波k的R×M所使用信道响应矩阵;且
n(k)是副载波k的R×1噪声矩阵。
有效及所使用信道响应矩阵可由下列各式给出:
H eff(k)=H(k)·U,
=[H(k)·u 1 H(k)·u 2...H(k)·u V],及
方程式(5)
H used(k)=H eff(k)·P(k),
=[H(k)·u (1) H(k)·u (2)...H(k)·u (M)],
方程式(6)
其中
如方程序(3)中所示及图3中所图解说明,通过使用规范正交矩阵U形成具有V个虚拟天线的有效MIMO信道。在所有V个虚拟天线或其子集上发送数据。所使用的MIMO信道是由M个用于传输的虚拟天线形成。
对于上文所述的传输方案来说,R x T MIMO系统被有效地减少为R x V MIMO系统。所述发射机表现为其好像具有V个虚拟天线而非T个发射天线,其中V≤T。这种传输方案将信道估计开销阶数降低到C=V。然而,空间多路复用阶数限定于V,或M≤V,且空间分集阶数也限定于V,或D≤V。
上述说明是针对一个副载波k。发射机还可针对用于传输的每一副载波实施相同处理。每一虚拟天线在副载波上的频率分集与物理发射天线的频率分集相同。然而,空间分集从T降低为V。
在另一个实施例中,发射机按下式处理输出符号以供传输:
方程式(7)
其中D(k)是副载波k的T x T对角矩阵。D(k)用于实现循环延迟分集,这会改良虚拟天线的频率选择性并可改良空间分集阶数到V与T之间的某处。循环延迟分集可在时域或频域中实现。
可通过将每一发射天线i的K个时域样本(从K点IDFT或IFFT获得)的序列循环地移位(或循环地延迟)为Ti(i=1,...,T)的延迟而在时域中实现循环延迟分集。举例来说,可将T定义为Ti=(i-1)·J,其中J可等于一个样本周期、样本周期的一部分或多于一个的样本周期。J可经选择以使每一虚拟天线的信道脉冲响应预期短于循环前缀长度。可通过将K个时域样本的序列中的最后X个样本移动到所述序列的开头而实现X个样本的循环延迟。将所述T个发射天线的时域样本循环延迟不同的量。可在应用循环延迟后附加循环前缀以保证所述总计K个副载波之间的正交性。
还可通过在每一发射天线的总计K个副载波上应用相位斜坡(或渐进相移)而在频域内实现循环延迟分集。将T个不同的相位斜坡用于T个发射天线以针对所述天线实现K个不同的循环延迟。每一副载波k的对角矩阵D(k)可按下式定义:
其中k=1,...,K.方程式(8)
如方程序(8)所指示,发射天线1在总计K个副载波上具有0相位斜率,发射天线2在总计K个副载波上具有2π·J/T相位斜率,等等,且发射天线T在总计K个副载波上具有2π·(T-1)·J/T相位斜率。对角矩阵D(k)及规范正交矩阵U也可经组合以获得新规范正交矩阵U(k)=D(k)·U,其中U(k)可应用于数据向量s(k)。
具有循环延迟分集的所接收符号可由下式表述:
方程式(9)
其中具有循环延迟分集的R x 1所接收向量;
是具有循环延迟分集的R x V有效信道响应矩阵;且
是具有循环延迟分集的R x M所使用信道响应矩阵。
有效及所使用信道响应矩阵可由下列各式给出:
及 方程式(10)
方程式(11)
图4显示由方程序(7)给出的传输方案的模型400。在虚拟天线映射器410中,符号到虚拟天线映射单元412将数据向量s(k)与置换矩阵P(k)相乘,并产生V x 1向量。空间扩展单元414将所述V x 1向量与规范正交矩阵U相乘,并产生T x 1向量。循环延迟分集单元416将所述T x 1向量与对角矩阵D(k)相乘,并产生T x 1发射向量x(k)。所述发射向量x(k)是从T个发射天线发射并经由MIMO信道450到达接收机处的R个接收天线。
如方程序(7)中所示及图4中所图解说明,通过使用规范正交矩阵U及循环延迟分集形成具有V个虚拟天线的有效MIMO信道所使用MIMO信道是由M个用于传输的虚拟天线形成。
方程序(3)及(7)假设均等发射功率用于在一个符号周期内于一个副载波上同时发送的M个输出符号。一般来说,可用于每一发射天线的发射功率可均匀地或不均匀地分布在用于传输的各副载波上。可用于每一副载波的T个发射天线的发射功率可均匀地或不均匀地分布到正在所述副载波上发送的M个输出符号。可通过按下式用对角增益矩阵G缩放数据向量s(k)来将不同发射功率用于所述M个输出符号:x(k)=U·P(k)·G·s(k)或其中diag{G}={g1g2...gM}且gi是输出符号si的增益。
各种类型的矩阵可用于形成规范正交矩阵U。举例来说,U可以是基于傅立叶矩阵、沃尔什矩阵或某一其它矩阵形成。T x T傅立叶矩阵F TxT在第m行第n列中具有元素fn,m,所述元素可由下式表述:
方程式(12)
可形成任一正方维度(例如2、3、4、5、6等等)的傅立叶矩阵。2x2沃尔什矩阵W 2x2及更大尺寸的沃尔什矩阵W 2Nx2N可由下列各式表述:
及 方程式(13)
在一个实施例中,规范正交矩阵U等于含有T x T傅立叶矩阵或T x T沃尔什矩阵的V个列的矩阵。在另一个实施例中,U按下式形成:
U=Λ·F, 方程式(14)
其中F是含有T×T傅立叶矩阵的第一V列的T×V矩阵;且
Λ是含有用于F的T行的T个缩放值的T×T对角矩阵。
举例来说,可将对角矩阵Λ定义为其中θi(i=1,...,T)可以是随机相位。方程序(14)将F的列与随机相位相乘,这改变由F的列所描绘的空间方向。在再一个实施例中,U是具有伪随机要素(例如具有单位大小及伪随机相位)的规范正交矩阵。
发射机可在一组副载波(称作所指派副载波)上将MIMO、SIMO或SISO传输发送到接收机。所述总计K个副载波可分割为多个不重叠的副载波组。在这种情况下,发射机可在多个副载波组上同时发射到多个接收机。发射机可将相同或不同类型的传输发送到所述多个接收机。举例来说,所述发射机可在第一副载波组上将MIMO传输发送到第一接收机,在第二副载波组上将SIMO传输发送到第二接收机,在第三副载波组上将SISO传输发送到第三接收机,等等。
可从由规范正交矩阵U的单个列所形成的单个虚拟天线发送SIMO或SISO传输。在这种情况中M=V=1,且有效MIMO信道变成具有h eff(k)=H(k)·u 1或 的信道响应向量的R x 1SISO或SIMO信道。数据向量s(k)变成含有单个输出符号的1x1向量,置换矩阵P(k)变成含有单个“1”的1x1矩阵,且规范正交矩阵U变成含有单个列Tx1矩阵。
可从由规范正交矩阵U的多个列所形成的多个虚拟天线发送MIMO传输。如果输出符号的数量少于虚拟天线的数量(或M<S),则可以各种方式选择所述M个虚拟天线以供使用。
图5显示用于从所述V个虚拟天线循环发射输出符号的实施例。对于这一实施例来说,在第一个所指派副载波上从虚拟天线1到M发送第一M个输出符号,在下一个所指派副载波上自虚拟天线2到M+1发送下一M个输出符号,等等。可给予所指派副载波为k=1,2,...的索引。对于图5中所示实施例来说,将用于副载波k+1的M个虚拟天线与用于副载波k的M个虚拟天线偏置一个。所选虚拟天线在到达最后一个虚拟天线时绕回到虚拟天线1。因此,虚拟天线((k-1)mod V)+1到((k+M-2)mod V)+1用于所指派副载波k,其中“mod S”表示以S为模操作,且“-1”及“+1”是由于所指派副载波的索引及所述虚拟天线的索引是以1开始而非以0开始。每一所指派副载波k的置换矩阵P(k)的M个列是V×V识别矩阵的((k-1,k,k+1,...,k+M-2)mod V)+1列。举例来说,如果M=2且V=3,则可将所述置换矩阵定义为:
等等 方程式(15)
在另一个实施例中,在第一个所指派副载波上从虚拟天线1到M发送第一M个输出符号,在下一个所指派副载波上自虚拟天线M+1到((2M-1)mod V)+1发送下一M个输出符号,等等。对于这一实施例来说,用于副载波k+1的M个虚拟天线开始于用于副载波k的最后一个虚拟天线后。在再一个实施例中,以伪随机方式(例如根据一伪随机数(PN)产生器或接收机也已知的序列)选择每一副载波的M个虚拟天线。
在再一个实施例中,基于来自接收机的反馈选择虚拟天线。举例来说,所述反馈可能指示用于所有所指派副载波的特定虚拟天线、用于每一个所指派副载波的特定虚拟天线,等等。在再一个实施例中,发射机可基于从所述接收机接收的导频或某一其它传输来选择虚拟天线。举例来说,发射机可基于所接收的导频估计上行链路信道响应,基于所述上行链路信道响应估计值来估计下行链路信道响应,并基于所述下行链路信道响应估计值来选择虚拟天线。在(例如)其中在相同频率信道上但不同的时间间隔内发送下行链路及上行链路传输的分时双工(TDD)系统中,下行链路及上行链路信道响应可以是类似的。
一般来说,可通过下述方式来选择虚拟天线:(1)由发射机在无来自接收机的反馈的情况下以确定性方式(例如循环地)或伪随机方式进行选择,(2)由发射机基于来自接收机的反馈进行选择,或(3)由接收机进行选择并发送到发射机。
规范正交矩阵U可以是固定,且可如上文所述选择借助U所形成的V个虚拟天线以供使用。在另一个实施例中,从可供使用的一组规范正交矩阵中选择一个或多个规范正交矩阵以供使用。所述组规范正交矩阵形成码本,且所述码本的一个或多个项可用于传输。所述组中的规范正交矩阵是彼此不同的(且可以是伪随机的)。举例来说,规范正交矩阵可经定义以针对不同的信道条件(例如低及高SNR条件、低及高移动率等等)提供良好性能。可为所有所指派副载波、为每一所指派副载波等等选择一个规范正交矩阵。可通过下述方式做出矩阵选择:(1)由发射机在有或无来自接收机的反馈的情况下做出选择或(2)由接收机做出选择并发送回发射机。可基于诸如信道条件、移动率、上行链路资源等各种因素做出矩阵选择。一般来说,码本中将用于传输的特定项或若干特定项可由发射机自主选择或根据来自接收机的反馈进行选择。
本文所述传输方案具有下述合意特征:
·容易选择虚拟天线数量的灵活性;
·发送高达可用虚拟天线数量的任一数量的输出符号的灵活性;及
·不论正在发送的输出符号数量及可用虚拟天线数量,所有T个发射天线均可用于传输的利用率。
虚拟天线(V)的数量可经选择以支持所需的空间多路复用阶数(M),实现所需的空间分集阶数(D)及获得所需的信道估计开销阶数(C)。虚拟天线的数量可由发射机自主选择或根据来自接收机的反馈进行选择。所需的虚拟天线数量可通过借助正确列数量来定义规范正交矩阵U而容易地获得。
空间多路复用阶数受到发射天线数量及接收天线数量限制,或M≤min{T,R}。在某些情况(例如高SNR条件)下且如果受到接收器支持,则较高的空间多路复用阶数可以是合乎需要。在其它情况下(例如低SNR条件)或如果较高的空间多路复用阶数不受到接收机支持,则较低的空间多路复用阶数(例如M=1)可以是合乎需要。可基于信道条件及/或其它因素动态地选择空间多路复用阶数。举例来说,如果SNR小于第一阈值,则可将空间多路复用阶数设为1,如果SNR在第一阈值与第二阈值之间,则可将空间多路复用阶数设为2,如果SNR在第二阈值与第三阈值之间,则可将空间多路复用阶数设为3,等等。虚拟天线数量经选择以等于或大于空间多路复用阶数,或V>M。
一般来说,较高的空间分集阶数有益于改良性能,而较低的信道估计开销阶数有益于减少为信道估计传输导频所使用的链路资源量。信道估计开销阶数与空间分集阶数紧密相关,且两者均由虚拟天线数量决定。因此,可基于所需空间分集阶数、所需信道估计开销阶数、信道条件及/或其它因素动态地选择虚拟天线数量。
可以方式选择虚拟天线的数量。在一个实施例中,可将虚拟天线的数量设定为等于空间多路复用阶数,或V=M。在另一个实施例中,可将虚拟天线的数量设定为最大可能值,以便将用于导频传输的链路资源维持在预定百分比的总链路资源之内在再一个实施例中,基于信道条件设定虚拟天线数量。举例来说,如果SNR小于第一值,则定义一个虚拟天线,如果SNR在所述第一值与第二值之间,则定义两个虚拟天线,等等。
本文所述传输方案可与各种副载波结构一起使用,其中某些将阐述于下文中。下述说明假设总计K个副载波可用于传输且给予为1到K的索引。
图6A显示交错副载波结构600。对于这种副载波结构来说,将总计K个副载波布置成S个不重叠交错,每一交错含有均匀分布在总计K个副载波上的N个副载波,且每一交错中的连贯副载波被S个副载波隔开,其中K=S·N。交错u含有副载波u作为第一副载波,其中u∈{1,...,S}。
图6B显示区块副载波结构610。对于这种副载波结构来说,将总计K个副载波布置成S个不重叠区块,其中每一区块含有N个毗邻副载波,其中K=S·N。区块v含有副载波v·N+1到(v+1)·N,其中v∈{1,...,S}。
图6C显示群组副载波结构620。对于这种副载波结构来说,将总计K个副载波布置成S个不重叠群组,每一群组含有G个分布于系统带宽上的子群组,且每一子群组含有L个毗邻副载波,其中K=S·N且N=G·L。可将所述总计K个副载波分割为G个频率范围,其中每一频率范围含有S·L个连贯副载波。每一频率范围进一步被分割为S个子群组,其中每一子群组含有L个连贯副载波。对于每一频率范围来说,将第一L个副载波分配给群组1,将下一L个副载波分配给群组2,等等,并将最后L个副载波分配给群组S。每一群组含有G个分别含有L个连贯副载波的子群组,或总计为N=G·L个的副载波。
一般来说,本文所述传输技术可用于具有任何数量的副载波组的任何副载波结构。每一副载波组可包含可以任一方式布置的任何数量的副载波。举例来说,一副载波组可等同于交错、副载波区块、副载波群组等等。对于每一副载波组,(1)所述组内的各副载波可均匀或不均匀地分布于系统带宽上,(2)所述组内的各副载波可在一群组中彼此毗邻,或(3)所述组内的各副载波可分布于多个群组中,其中每一群组可定位于所述系统带宽内任何地方并可含有一个或多个副载波。
针对上文所述的所有副载波结构,可给不同的接收机指派不同的副载波组,且发射机可在其所指派副载波组上将数据发射到每一接收机。发射机可将相同的规范正交矩阵U用于所有接收机,将不同的规范正交矩阵用于每一接收机,将不同的规范正交矩阵用于每一副载波组,将不同的规范正交矩阵用于每一副载波,等等。
本文所述传输技术可与或不与频率跳跃一起使用。运用频率跳跃技术,数据传输随时间以伪随机或确定性方式从一个副载波跳跃到另一个副载波,这使数据传输能够更好地承受诸如窄频干扰、人为干扰(jamming)、衰落等有害信道条件。频率跳跃可提供频率分集及干扰随机化。可为接收机指派与跳跃模式(hop pattern)相关联的业务信道,所述跳跃模式指示在每一时隙中将使用哪一(哪些)组副载波(如果有)。跳跃模式也被称作频率跳跃模式或序列。时隙系在既定副载波上花费的时间量,且也称作跳跃周期。跳跃模式可以伪随机或确定性方式在不同时隙内选择不同组的副载波。
图7显示实例性频率跳跃方案700。在图7中,将业务信道1映射到特定的时间-频率区块序列。每一时间-频率区块均是特定时隙中的特定副载波集合。在图7所示实例中,将业务信道1映射到时隙1中的副载波组1、时隙2中的副载波组4等等。可将业务信道2到S映射到业务信道1的时间-频率区块序列的经垂直、循环移位版本。举例来说,可将业务信道2映射到时隙1中的副载波组2、时隙2中的副载波组5等等。
可将频率跳跃与图6A到6C中所示的副载波结构中的任一者结合使用。举例来说,符号率跳跃方案可被定义为其中在每一符号周期内每一时间-频率区块是特定交错。对于这种跳跃方案来说,所指派副载波跨越整个系统带宽且在符号周期之间发生变化。作为另一个实例,区块跳跃方案可被定义为其中在包含多个符号周期的时隙内每一时间-频率区块是特定副载波区块。对于这种跳跃方案来说,所指派副载波相互毗邻且对于整个时隙来说是固定的,但在时隙之间发生变化。对于所述区块跳跃方案来说,可将空间多路复用阶数设定为等于虚拟天线数量,从而可在具有同步扇区的系统的任一扇区内任一既定时间-频率区块上观测到恒定干扰。也可定义其它跳跃方案。
可借助上文所述副载波结构以各种方式传输导频。符号率跳跃及区块跳跃的一些实例性导频方案阐述如下。
图8显示用于符号率跳跃的实例性导频方案。对于导频方案800来说,发射机在每一符号周期内在一个交错上从虚拟天线1发射共用导频。如图8所示,发射机可在不同的符号周期内于不同交错上发射共用导频。此种错列导频允许接收机在更多副载波上对频谱取样,并由此推导出更长的信道脉冲响应估计值。发射机还可在一个或多个交错上从剩余的虚拟天线发射辅助导频,以允许MIMO接收机估计所有用于传输的虚拟天线的信道响应。对于图8所示实施例来说,发射机在每一符号周期内在一个交错上发射所述辅助导频,并在V-1个不同符号周期内循环经过虚拟天线2到V。对于如图8中所示V=4的情况,发射机在符号周期n+1中从虚拟天线2发射所述辅助导频,然后在符号周期n+2中从虚拟天线3发射所述辅助导频,随后在符号周期n+3中从虚拟天线4发射所述辅助导频,随后在符号周期n+4中从虚拟天线2发射所述辅助导频,等等。
发射机可以其它方式发射共用及辅助导频。在另一个实施例中,将辅助导频错列并在不同的副载波组上发送。在再一个实施例中,在一个或多个副载波组上发送共用导频,所述一个或多个副载波组相对于用于辅助导频的一个或多个副载波组是伪随机(或具有随机偏置)。
发射机可为MIMO、SIMO及SISO接收机发射共用导频且可仅当存在MIMO接收机时发射辅助导频。MIMO、SIMO及SISO接收机可使用共用导频为虚拟天线1的总计K个副载波推导出信道估计值。MIMO接收机可使用所述辅助导频推导出虚拟天线2到V的信道估计值。
图9A显示一种用于区块跳跃的实例性导频方案910。对图9A中所示实施例来说,一个时间-频率区块由16个毗邻副载波k+1到k+16组成且进一步跨8个符号周期n+1到n+8。对于导频方案910来说,发射机在符号周期n+1到n+3及n+6到n+8中的每一者中在副载波k+3、k+9及k+15上发射专用导频,或6条各3个导频符号。可从任一虚拟天线发送每一导频符号。举例来说,如果V=3,则发射机可在符号周期n+1及n+6中从虚拟天线1发射所述导频,在符号周期n+2及n+7中从虚拟天线2发射所述导频,及在符号周期n+3及n+8中从虚拟天线3发射所述导频。
图9B显示一种用于区块跳跃的实例性导频方案920。对于导频方案920来说,所述发射机在符号周期n+1到n+8中的每一者内在副载波k+3、k+9及k+15上发射专用导频,或3条各8个导频符号。可从任一虚拟天线发送每一导频符号。举例来说,如果V=4,则所述发射机可在符号周期n+1及n+5中从虚拟天线1发射导频,在符号周期n+2及n+6中从虚拟天线2发射导频,在符号奏起n+3及n+7中从虚拟天线3发射导频,及在符号周期n+4及n+8中从虚拟天线4发射导频。
图9C显示用于区块跳跃的实例性导频方案930。对于导频方案930来说,发射机在符号周期n+1、n+2、n+1及n+8中在副载波k+1、k+4、k+1、k+10、k+13及k+16上发射专用导频。可从任一虚拟天线发送每一导频符号。举例来说,发射机可在符号周期n+1内从虚拟天线1发射所述导频,在符号周期n+2内从虚拟天线2发射所述导频,在符号周期内n+7从虚拟天线1或3发射所述导频,并在符号周期n+8内从虚拟天线2或4发射所述导频。
图9D显示用于区块跳跃的实例性导频方案940。对于导频方案940来说,发射机在每一符号周期内于三个副载波上发射错列导频,并在不同的符号周期内于不同导频副载波上进行发射。可自任一虚拟天线发送每一导频符号。举例来说,发射机可在每一符号周期内从不同的虚拟天线发射所述导频,并可在V个符号周期内循环经过所述V个虚拟天线。
一般来说,对于所述区块跳跃方案,发射机可在每一时间-频率区块中发射导频,以使接收机能够为用于传输的每一虚拟天线推导出信道估计值。图9A到9D显示四个可供使用的实例性导频模式。也可定义其它导频模式并将其用于导频传输。
对于符号率跳跃及区块跳跃两者来说,发射机均可自任一数量的虚拟天线发射所述导频,可将任一数量的导频副载波用于每一虚拟天线,并将任一数量的发射功率用于每一虚拟天线。如果从多个虚拟天线发送所述导频,则发射机可将相同或不同数量的副载波用于所述虚拟天线,且可以相同或不同功率电平为所述虚拟天线发射所述导频。发射机可为每一虚拟天线交错所述导频,但也可不交错。发射机可在更多副载波上发射所述导频,以使接收机获得对频域内无线信道的更多“关注”,并推导出更长的信道脉冲响应估计值。如上文所述,发射机可在每一符号周期内在所有导频副载波上从一个虚拟天线发射所述导频。或者,发射机可在一既定符号周期内在多个副载波子集上从多个虚拟天线发射所述导频。
在一个实施例中,如图8到9D所述,发射机从若干虚拟天线发射所述导频。在另一个实施例中,发射机从若干物理天线发射所述导频而不应用规范正交矩阵U或置换矩阵P(k)。对于这种实施例,接收机可基于所述导频估计实际信道响应,且然后可基于所述实际信道响应估计值及规范正交矩阵与置换矩阵推导出有效信道响应估计值。
图10显示一种用于将数据及导频发射到一个或多个接收机的过程1000。对每一接收机的处理可如下实施。确定指派给所述接收机的副载波组及所述接收机的空间多路复用阶数(M),其中M≥1(区块1012)。对于每一所指派副载波来说,从借助规范正交矩阵U的V个列形成的V个虚拟天线中选择M个虚拟天线以供使用,其中V≥M(区块1014)。如上文所述,可以各种方式选择用于每一所指派副载波的M个虚拟天线。通过应用所述规范正交矩阵将所述接收机的输出符号映射到为每一所指派副载波选择的M个虚拟天线(区块1016)。提供经映射的输出符号(或发射符号)以供从T个发射天线进行传输,其中T≥V(区块1018)。
还将导频符号映射到所述用于传输的虚拟天线(区块1020)。举例来说,可在第一组导频副载波上将共用导频的导频符号映射到第一虚拟天线,并在第二组导频副载波上将辅助导频的导频符号映射到剩余的虚拟天线。
如果存在多个接收机,则可将相同或不同的空间多路复用阶数用于所述接收机。此外,可在不同的副载波组上将数据同时发送到多个接收机。举例来说,可将数据在第一组副载波上从一个虚拟天线发送到SIMO或SISO接收机,在第二组副载波上从多个虚拟天线发送到MIMO接收机,等等。在任一情况中,将所有接收机的发射符号均解多路复用到T个发射天线(区块1022)。对于每一发射天线来说,将每一接收机的发射符号映射到指派给所述接收机的副载波(同样为区块1022)。然后,基于所述发射天线的发射符号并使用(例如)OFDM或SC-FDMA为每一发射天线产生传输符号(区块1024)。可对所述T个发射天线应用不同的循环延迟,例如通过将每一发射天线的传输符号循环延迟不同量(区块1026)。
对于图10中的区块1016来说,基于从V个可供使用的映射模式中选择的M个映射模式将指派给每一接收机的每一副载波的所述(等)输出符号映射到T个发射天线。每一映射模式指示输出符号到所述T个发射天线的特定映射。所述V个映射模式可由规范正交矩阵的V个列形成,或以其它方式形成。可(例如)基于预定模式在既定符号周期内及/或不同的符号周期内为不同的副载波选择不同的映射模式。所述预定模式可由置换矩阵或以某一其它方式定义。所述预定模式可在不同的副载波及/或符号周期内循环经过所述V个可用映射模式。
图11显示一种用于将数据及导频发射到一个或多个接收机的设备1100的实施例。设备1100包含:用于确定指派给每一接收机的副载波组及每一接收机的空间多路复用阶数(M)(区块1112)的装置;用于从V个虚拟天线中为指派给每一接收机的每一副载波选择M个虚拟天线以供使用(区块1114)的装置;用于(例如通过应用规范正交矩阵的所选列或所选映射模式)将每一接收机的输出符号映射到为指派给所述接收机的每一副载波所选的虚拟天线(区块1116)的装置;用于提供经映射的输出符号(或发射符号)以供从T个发射天线传输(区块1118)的装置;用于将导频符号映射到虚拟天线以供传输(区块1120)的装置;用于将每一接收机的发射符号解多路复用到所述T个发射天线的所指派副载波(区块1122)的装置;用于(例如)使用OFDM或SC-FDMA为每一发射天线产生传输符号(区块1124)的装置;及用于对所述T个发射天线应用不同的循环延迟(区块1126)的装置。
图12显示基站110、单天线终端120x及多天线终端120y的实施例的方块图。在基站110处,发射(TX)数据处理器1210接收一个或多个终端的数据,根据一个或多个编码及调制方案处理(例如编码、交错及符号映射)所述数据,并提供调制符号。TX数据处理器1210通常基于选择用于所述终端的编码及调制方案单独地为每一终端处理数据。如果系统100利用SC-FDMA,则TX数据处理器1210可对每一终端的调制符号实施FFT/DFT以获得所述终端的频域符号。TX数据处理器1210获得每一终端的输出符号(其可以是OFDM的调制符号或SC-FDMA的频域符号)并将所述终端的输出符号多路复用到用于所述终端的副载波及虚拟天线上。TX数据处理器1210进一步将导频符号多路复用到用于导频传输的副载波及虚拟天线上。
TX空间处理器1220接收所述经多路复用的输出符号及导频符号,对每一副载波实施空间处理(例如,如方程序(3)或(7)中所示),并为所述T个发射天线提供发射符号。调制器(Mod)1222针对(例如)OFDM、SC-FDMA或某一其它调制技术处理每一发射天线的发射符号,并为彼发射天线产生输出样本流。由于TX空间处理器1220对每一副载波实施空间处理,因而将SC-FDMA调制分为分别由TX数据处理器1210及调制器1222实施的两个部分。调制器1222将T个输出样本流提供给T个发射单元(TMTR)1224a到1224t。每一发射单元1224均处理(例如转换为模拟、放大、滤波及增频转换)其输出样本流,并产生经调制信号。分别自T个天线112a到112t发射来自发射单元1224a到1224t的T个经调制信号。
在每一终端120处,一个或多个天线122接收基站110发射的经调制信号,且每一天线分别将所接收信号提供给接收单元(RCVR)1254。每一接收单元1254处理(例如放大、滤波、降频转换及数字化)其接收信号,并将所接收样本提供给解调器(Demod)1256。解调器1256(例如基于OFDM、SC-FDMA或某一其它调制技术)处理每一接收天线122的所接收样本,获得所述总计K个副载波的频域接收符号,为所指派副载波提供所接收符号,并为所述用于导频传输的副载波提供所接收导频符号。
对于单天线终端120x来说,数据检测器1260x自解调器1256x获得所接收符号,基于所接收导频符号推导所指派副载波的信道估计值,并基于所述信道估计值对所接收符号实施数据检测(例如平等化)以获得经检测符号,其中所述经检测符号是发射到终端120x的输出符号的估计值。对于多天线终端120y来说,接收(RX)空间处理器1260y从解调器1256y获得所接收符号,根据所接收导频符号推导所指派副载波的信道估计值,并根据所述信道估计值对所接收符号实施接收机空间处理以获得经检测符号。RX空间处理器1260y可实施最小均方差(MMSE)技术、强制归零(ZF)技术、最大比率组合(MRC)技术、连续干扰消除技术或某一其它接收机处理技术。对于每一终端来说,RX数据处理器1262处理(例如符号解映射、解交错及解码)所检测符号,并为终端提供经解码符号。一般来说,每一终端120所实施处理与由基站110所实施处理互补。
每一终端120可针对到所述终端的数据传输产生反馈信息。举例来说,每一终端120可(例如)基于所接收导频符号估计虚拟天线的SNR。每一终端120可根据所述SNR估计值及/或其它信息选择一个或多个编码及调制方案、一个或多个包格式、一个或多个用于数据传输的虚拟天线、一个或多个规范正交矩阵等等。每一终端120还可针对正确接收的数据包产生确认信息(ACK)。反馈信息可包含SNR估计值、所选编码及调制方案、所选虚拟天线、所选规范正交矩阵、所选副载波、ACK、用于功率控制的信息、某一其它信息或其任一组合。所述反馈信息由TX数据处理器1280处理,且如果存在多个天线则进一步由TX空间处理器1282处理,由调制器1284调制,由发射单元1254调整,并经由天线122发送到基站110。在基站110处,终端120x及120y所发射的经调制信号由天线112接收,由接收单元1224调整,并由解调器1240、RX空间处理器1242及RX数据处理器1244处理以还原由终端发送的反馈信息。控制器/处理器1230使用所述反馈信息确定用于到每一终端的数据传输的数据率及编码和调制方案,并产生用于TX数据处理器1210及TX空间处理器1220的各种控制。
控制器/处理器1230、1270x及1270y分别控制基站110及终端120x及120y的各种处理单元的操作。存储器单元1232、1272x及1272y分别储存基站110及终端120x及120y所使用的数据及程序代码。控制器/处理器1230可实施图10及11的部分,并可(1)为每一终端指派副载波并选择空间多路复用阶数(图10中区块1012)及(2)为指派给每一终端的副载波选择虚拟天线(图10中区块1214)。TX数据处理器1220可实施图10及11的部分,并可实施图10中区块1116到1126中所示的处理。
为清晰起见,上述大部分说明系针对具有总计K个副载波的系统。本文所述传输技术也可用于具有单个副载波的系统。对于这种系统,上述说明中的k可作为符号周期而非副载波的索引。
可通过各种手段来实施本文所述的传输技术。举例来说,所述技术可实施于硬件、固件、软件或其组合中。对于硬件实施方案来说,发射机的各处理单元可实施于一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理装置(DSPD)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、电子装置、其它设计用于实施本文所述功能的电子单元、或其组合中。接收机处的各处理单元也可实施于一个或多个ASIC、DSP、处理器等中。
对于软件实施方案来说,可借助能实施本文所述功能的模块(例如程序、功能等等)来实施所述传输技术。软件程序代码可储存于存储器(例如图12中的存储器1230、1272x或1272y)中并由处理器(例如处理器1232、1270x或1270y)执行。所述存储器既可实施于处理器内部也可实施于处理器外部。
提供上述对所揭示实施例的阐述以使任一所属技术领域的技术人员均能够制作或使用本发明。所述实施例的各种修改对于所属技术领域的技术人员而言将是显而易见的,且本文所界定的一般原理也可适用于其它实施例,这并不背离本发明的精神或范围。因此,本文并不希望将本发明限定于本文所示的实施例,而是希望赋予其与本文所揭示原理及新颖特征相一致的最宽广范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于天线选择的设备,其包含:
至少一个处理器,其经配置以:
接收数据矢量;
从接收器接收反馈;
基于所述反馈选择表示天线端口的多个虚拟天线;
形成指示所选择的多个虚拟天线的置换矩阵;
将所述置换矩阵应用于所述数据矢量,以产生输出符号;及
将所述输出符号提供至所述天线端口;以及
存储器,其耦合至所述至少一个处理器。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器进一步经配置以使用规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器进一步经配置以从可用的多个规范正交矩阵中选择所述规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器进一步经配置以基于所述反馈从所述可用的多个规范正交矩阵中选择所述规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备,其进一步包括与所述至少一个处理器集成的至少一个基站或终端。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述多个虚拟天线包含V个虚拟发射天线,所述多个发射天线包含T个发射天线,所述至少一个处理器经配置以使用T×V规范正交矩阵来形成所述V个虚拟发射天线,且所述至少一个处理器进一步经配置以定义所述T×V规范正交矩阵,以使所述T×V规范正交矩阵的每一行中的V个项的平方和等于常数值。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述反馈指示所述多个虚拟天线中的用于所有所指派的副载波的特定虚拟天线。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述反馈指示所述多个虚拟天线中的用于每一个所指派的副载波的特定虚拟天线。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器进一步经配置以:
基于接收到的导频估计上行链路信道响应;
基于上行链路信道响应估计来估计下行链路信道响应;及
使用下行链路信道响应估计来选择所述多个虚拟天线。
10.一种用于天线选择的方法,其包括:
接收数据矢量;
从接收器接收反馈;
基于所述反馈选择表示天线端口的多个虚拟天线;
形成指示所选择的多个虚拟天线的置换矩阵;
将所述置换矩阵应用于所述数据矢量,以产生输出符号;及
将所述输出符号提供至所述天线端口。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包括使用规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其进一步包括从可用的多个规范正交矩阵中选择所述规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其进一步包括基于所述反馈从所述可用的多个规范正交矩阵中选择所述规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线。
14.一种用于天线选择的设备,其包括:
用于接收数据矢量的装置;
用于从接收器接收反馈的装置;
用于基于所述反馈选择表示天线端口的多个虚拟天线的装置;
用于形成指示所选择的多个虚拟天线的置换矩阵的装置;
用于将所述置换矩阵应用于所述数据矢量以产生输出符号的装置;及
用于将所述输出符号提供至所述天线端口的装置。
15.如权利要求14所述的设备,其进一步包括用于使用规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线的装置。
16.如权利要求15所述的设备,其进一步包括用于从可用的多个规范正交矩阵中选择所述规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线的装置。
17.如权利要求16所述的设备,其进一步包括用于基于所述反馈从所述可用的多个规范正交矩阵中选择所述规范正交矩阵来形成所述多个虚拟天线的装置。
18.如权利要求14所述的设备,其进一步包括与所述用于接收数据矢量的装置集成的至少一个基站或终端。
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