A kind of dimension c selenium rich kiwi fruit cultivation technique
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, more specifically, it is related to a kind of dimension c selenium rich kiwi fruit cultivation technique.
Background technology
Fructus actinidiae chinensiss originate in China, because of the especially abundant and fashionable countries in the world of the content of vitamin c in its fresh fruit, become a kind of
Emerging fruit tree.In kiwifruit fruit in addition to the content of vitamin is than Fructus Mali pumilae, high several times to more than ten times of Fructus Citri sinensiss, also contain vitamin p
(i.e. Lu Ding) and protease, reduce blood pressure and digestive effect, are a kind of health-care nutritional foods.In medical value
Aspect, according to modern medicine clinical trial, its fresh fruit and fruit juice are to diseases such as leprosy, alimentary tract cancer, hypertension and cardiovascular diseasess
Disease all has certain preventive effect and auxiliary curative effect.At present, though the artificial cultivation technique of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss is achieved with certain achievement,
But still there are some drawbacks.
Content of the invention
In order to solve prior art remain the drawbacks of, the present invention proposes a kind of dimension c selenium rich kiwi fruit cultivation technique.
A kind of dimension c selenium rich kiwi fruit cultivation technique, including following major technique step:
1) building well: 500 ~ 600 meters above sea level of hillside, below 25 degree of the gradient, soil cultivation layer depth should be selected
Sandy loam or yellow soil, the local building well of traffic convenience,
1.1) length and width, deep respectively 100 centimetres of field planting ditches before planting, are dug;
1.2) hold slope side gutter successfully;
1.3) each field planting 5 kilograms of fertilizer of ditch, accomplishes fluently heap and erects tree disk and slightly swell, 250 kilograms of fertilizer of mu.
2) nursery:
2.1) mix wet sand at 38 DEG C with macaque peach seeds, allowed seed germination through 31 days;
2.2) when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after dimension c selenium-rich immersion bubble seed 5 minutes, then carry out room temperature germination, for producing dimension c
Selenium rich kiwi fruit lays the first stone, and makes macaque selenium content reach every 350 micro- g kg;
2.3) when germination reaches 85 percent, carry out sowing conventional seedbed system, note anti-during seedling management
Disease controls worm, pinching strong sprout, is transplanted after 1 year.
3) it is colonized: be preferably colonized in late October or early November, every mu of 100 plants about of macaque seedling of cultivation, seeding row spacing 3m
× 3m,
3.1), when planting Seedling, nursery stock major branch pinching is cut off, and wipes out sick branch, hinder root etc.;
3.2) put it into field planting ditch again, allow root system naturally to unfold, every plant of anti-drought water-retaining agent being sprinkled into 10g;
3.3) backfill fine earth, drench sufficient root water.
4) support: after field planting, every mu with concrete column 100,300 jin of non-corrosive iron wire puts up Fructus actinidiae chinensiss by horizontal direction
Support.
5) rationally pruning: cultivation typically should select 2 major branches " v " type tree crown, or adopt three major branch natural open centre shape trees
Hat;
5.1) field planting then, is cut off in trunk 30 cm eminence and is surely done, select one to two main Seedling added by its growth, divides one
To the verticillate growth of two major branches, the strong tip does permanent major branch, and major branch spreading angle is 50~60 degree;
5.2) young sprout in 40~5ocm about long when, carry out pinching and inspire sublateral shoot;
5.3) sublateral shoot pinching again in 35~40cm, retains descending branch bar, removes the upright branch of prosperous length it is ensured that the coming year ties
Really.
6) balance fertilizing:
6.1) the field planting childhood tree of 1 ~ 2 year, will repeatedly topdress and attack tip expansion tree crown, using using sufficient the principle that base fertilizer is applied,
300 jin of fertilizer of mu,
(1) early stage is joined and is applied a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer, then is joined and apply the people and animals' fecaluria becoming thoroughly decomposed or methane liquid, adds phosphorus in right amount
Sour calcium leachate;
(2) start to topdress putting tip the last week, impose 1 time within every 15~20 days, continuous 2~3 times;
(3) after August part based on control shoot, multiplex phosphorus potash fertilizer, promotes branch top aging and bud differentiation is formed;
(4) dell basal dressing, 3 jin of strain organic fertilizer are dug after 1o month;
6.2) bearing tree, general point of 3 fertilising,
(1) rudiment is fertile, applies typically before first middle of the month rudiment, and strain is applied biological organic fertilizer 3 kg, dug annular groove and apply;
(2) fruit-promoting fertilizer, in the fertilising of young fruit mid-term, now fruit expands rapidly, and young sprout and root system start to grow, and need a large amount of
Nutrient, based on quick-acting phosphorus, potash fertilizer, liquid dung 5 kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied in strain, then adds one of percentage with 3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Green shield mixed liquor carry out foliage-spray, as more prosperous in tree vigo(u)r can Shaoshi;
(3) fruit picking is fertile, digs 1.5~2m, wide 35cm, deep 50cm dell in tree crown both sides, should apply in strain after fruit picking one week
Fertile 3 kilograms of machine, to recover tree vigo(u)r, increases with the tree crown amount of bearing fruit and increases fertilizer application amount.
7) tree crown regulation and control and flower and fruit management:
7.1) tree crown regulation and control, the growth of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss young sprout is just met rainy season, and young sprout is especially vigorous, except carrying out pruning control
Outside the tip, controlling the treetops and hastening blossom also to be aided with, or pinching of pinching, effective control young sprout increases and promotes bud differentiation, becomes annual bearer to answer
Thank spend after young sprout 5cm long when, 1 centesimal green shield blade face fertilizer nutrition liquid of spray improves flower matter, sprays 1 amino again at the florescence
Acids foliage fertilizer;
7.2), when young fruit Semen Glyciness are big, spray 1 amino acidses foliage fertilizer in conjunction with sterilization, insecticide, not only improve Fruit-setting rate, and
And fruit increase is particularly evident;
7.3) reasonable fruit thinning, from inside outwards, first up and then down, removes fruitlet, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit first, next to that towards sky
Really, the fruit no on leaf fruit branch, selects and remain position preferably Fruit branch the both sides downwards fruit of growth, on same Fruit branch fruit spacing be 4~
5cm, long fruit branch stays fruit 3~4, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2~3, and fruit spur, boundray branch stay fruit one or do not stay.
8) in young fruit period, select fine day afternoon, sprayed with the green shield that 5% dimension c selenium-rich liquid adds 0.1% and entirely set once, 25 days
Sprayed once with same procedure more afterwards, there are to actinidia tree the resistances against diseases strengthening plant, prevent senilism, promote fruit growth
Uniformly, reduce the generation of malformed fruit, promote fruit appearance bright in color, improve yield, increase the accumulation of fruit sugar, improve fruit
Real quality, makes Se content in fruit reach 300~350 micro- g kg.
9) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: harm Fructus actinidiae chinensiss disease mainly have anthrax, Peptic Ulcerss etc., insect pest mainly have aphid,
Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, snout moths larva etc., the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is carried out in prevention and elimination of disease and pests, strengthens tree body management, Shaoshi
Fertilizer, many organic fertilizers, rational pruning, keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light good, improve resistance, sensible load keeps tree body healthy and strong, adopts
Take and wipe out sick branch, artificial capture method Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, turn over tree disk, the measure such as ground improving straw mulching, trunk whitewashing suppresses
Or the generation of minimizing pest and disease damage, according to pest and disease damage biological characteristicses, take with sides such as sweet-and-sour liquid, yellow plate, black light lamp and fly nets
Method insect-killing trapping, according to the feature of controlling object and harm, using biogenic pesticide and mineral source pesticide,
9.1) respectively spray 1 3~5 Baume degrees lime sulfur to rudiment after falling leaves, kill various pathogenic bacterias;
9.2) to before fall leaves, preventing and treating anthrax can be selected for giving birth to greatly m6oo~800 times liquid yellow peach Post flowering, and preventing and treating Peptic Ulcerss can
First strike off colloid, after spray preventing and treating with 500 times of liquid of pythium oligandrum, the insect biological control method such as aphid, snout moths larva, such as: parasite killing
Ring, yellow plate, solar insect-killing light etc., should grasp timely, careful, thoughtful, not leak tree, do not leak branch during spray.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows strengthening the disease-resistant ability of plant, preventing senilism, promoting fruit growth uniformly, reducing abnormal
The generation of shape fruit, promotes fruit appearance bright in color, improves yield, increases the accumulation of fruit sugar, improves the quality of fruit, really
In reality, Se content reaches 300~350 micro- g kg, obtains green health fruit using fertilizer.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment
A kind of dimension c selenium rich kiwi fruit cultivation technique, including following major technique step:
1) building well: 500 ~ 600 meters above sea level of hillside, below 25 degree of the gradient, soil cultivation layer depth should be selected
Sandy loam or yellow soil, the local building well of traffic convenience,
1.1) length and width, deep respectively 100 centimetres of field planting ditches before planting, are dug;
1.2) hold slope side gutter successfully;
1.3) each field planting 5 kilograms of fertilizer of ditch, accomplishes fluently heap and erects tree disk and slightly swell, 250 kilograms of fertilizer of mu;
2) nursery:
2.1) mix wet sand at 38 DEG C with macaque peach seeds, allowed seed germination through 31 days;
2.2) when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after dimension c selenium-rich immersion bubble seed 5 minutes, then carry out room temperature germination, for producing dimension c
Selenium rich kiwi fruit lays the first stone, and makes macaque selenium content reach every 350 micro- g kg;
2.3) when germination reaches 85 percent, carry out sowing conventional seedbed system, note anti-during seedling management
Disease controls worm, pinching strong sprout, is transplanted after 1 year;
3) it is colonized: be preferably colonized in late October or early November, every mu of 100 plants about of macaque seedling of cultivation, seeding row spacing 3m
× 3m,
3.1), when planting Seedling, nursery stock major branch pinching is cut off, and wipes out sick branch, hinder root etc.;
3.2) put it into field planting ditch again, allow root system naturally to unfold, every plant of anti-drought water-retaining agent being sprinkled into 10g;
3.3) backfill fine earth, drench sufficient root water;
4) support: after field planting, every mu with concrete column 100,300 jin of non-corrosive iron wire puts up Fructus actinidiae chinensiss by horizontal direction
Support;
5) rationally pruning: cultivation typically should select 2 major branches " v " type tree crown, or adopt three major branch natural open centre shape trees
Hat;
5.1) field planting then, is cut off in trunk 30 cm eminence and is surely done, select one to two main Seedling added by its growth, divides one
To the verticillate growth of two major branches, the strong tip does permanent major branch, and major branch spreading angle is 50~60 degree;
5.2) young sprout in 40~5ocm about long when, carry out pinching and inspire sublateral shoot;
5.3) sublateral shoot pinching again in 35~40cm, retains descending branch bar, removes the upright branch of prosperous length it is ensured that the coming year ties
Really;
6) balance fertilizing:
6.1) the field planting childhood tree of 1 ~ 2 year, will repeatedly topdress and attack tip expansion tree crown, using using sufficient the principle that base fertilizer is applied,
300 jin of fertilizer of mu,
(1) early stage is joined and is applied a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer, then is joined and apply the people and animals' fecaluria becoming thoroughly decomposed or methane liquid, adds phosphorus in right amount
Sour calcium leachate;
(2) start to topdress putting tip the last week, impose 1 time within every 15~20 days, continuous 2~3 times;
(3) after August part based on control shoot, multiplex phosphorus potash fertilizer, promotes branch top aging and bud differentiation is formed;
(4) dell basal dressing, 3 jin of strain organic fertilizer are dug after 1o month;
6.2) bearing tree, general point of 3 fertilising,
(1) rudiment is fertile, applies typically before first middle of the month rudiment, and strain is applied biological organic fertilizer 3 kg, dug annular groove and apply;
(2) fruit-promoting fertilizer, in the fertilising of young fruit mid-term, now fruit expands rapidly, and young sprout and root system start to grow, and need a large amount of
Nutrient, based on quick-acting phosphorus, potash fertilizer, liquid dung 5 kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed is applied in strain, then adds one of percentage with 3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Green shield mixed liquor carry out foliage-spray, as more prosperous in tree vigo(u)r can Shaoshi;
(3) fruit picking is fertile, digs 1.5~2m, wide 35cm, deep 50cm dell in tree crown both sides, should apply in strain after fruit picking one week
Fertile 3 kilograms of machine, to recover tree vigo(u)r, increases with the tree crown amount of bearing fruit and increases fertilizer application amount;
7) tree crown regulation and control and flower and fruit management:
7.1) tree crown regulation and control, the growth of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss young sprout is just met rainy season, and young sprout is especially vigorous, except carrying out pruning control
Outside the tip, controlling the treetops and hastening blossom also to be aided with, or pinching of pinching, effective control young sprout increases and promotes bud differentiation, becomes annual bearer to answer
Thank spend after young sprout 5cm long when, 1 centesimal green shield blade face fertilizer nutrition liquid of spray improves flower matter, sprays 1 amino again at the florescence
Acids foliage fertilizer;
7.2), when young fruit Semen Glyciness are big, spray 1 amino acidses foliage fertilizer in conjunction with sterilization, insecticide, not only improve Fruit-setting rate, and
And fruit increase is particularly evident;
7.3) reasonable fruit thinning, from inside outwards, first up and then down, removes fruitlet, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit first, next to that towards sky
Really, the fruit no on leaf fruit branch, selects and remain position preferably Fruit branch the both sides downwards fruit of growth, on same Fruit branch fruit spacing be 4~
5cm, long fruit branch stays fruit 3~4, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2~3, and fruit spur, boundray branch stay fruit one or do not stay;
8) in young fruit period, select fine day afternoon, sprayed with the green shield that 5% dimension c selenium-rich liquid adds 0.1% and entirely set once, 25 days
Sprayed once with same procedure more afterwards, there are to actinidia tree the resistances against diseases strengthening plant, prevent senilism, promote fruit growth
Uniformly, reduce the generation of malformed fruit, promote fruit appearance bright in color, improve yield, increase the accumulation of fruit sugar, improve fruit
Real quality, makes Se content in fruit reach 300~350 micro- g kg;
9) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: harm Fructus actinidiae chinensiss disease mainly have anthrax, Peptic Ulcerss etc., insect pest mainly have aphid,
Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, snout moths larva etc., the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is carried out in prevention and elimination of disease and pests, strengthens tree body management, Shaoshi
Fertilizer, many organic fertilizers, rational pruning, keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light good, improve resistance, sensible load keeps tree body healthy and strong, adopts
Take and wipe out sick branch, artificial capture method Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, turn over tree disk, the measure such as ground improving straw mulching, trunk whitewashing suppresses
Or the generation of minimizing pest and disease damage, according to pest and disease damage biological characteristicses, take with sides such as sweet-and-sour liquid, yellow plate, black light lamp and fly nets
Method insect-killing trapping, according to the feature of controlling object and harm, using biogenic pesticide and mineral source pesticide,
9.1) respectively spray 1 3~5 Baume degrees lime sulfur to rudiment after falling leaves, kill various pathogenic bacterias;
9.2) to before fall leaves, preventing and treating anthrax can be selected for giving birth to greatly m6oo~800 times liquid yellow peach Post flowering, and preventing and treating Peptic Ulcerss can
First strike off colloid, after spray preventing and treating with 500 times of liquid of pythium oligandrum, the insect biological control method such as aphid, snout moths larva, such as: parasite killing
Ring, yellow plate, solar insect-killing light etc., should grasp timely, careful, thoughtful, not leak tree, do not leak branch during spray.