CN103875499A - High yield and high quality cultivation technology for new species 'Xiangji' and 'Xiangji-Hong' of seedless actinidia lindl with parthenocarpy characteristic - Google Patents
High yield and high quality cultivation technology for new species 'Xiangji' and 'Xiangji-Hong' of seedless actinidia lindl with parthenocarpy characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high yield and high quality cultivation technology for new species 'Xiangji' and 'Xiangji-Hong' of seedless actinidia lindl with the parthenocarpy characteristic. The high yield and high quality of the new species of the seedless actinidia lindl is achieved through the combination of the steps of field selection, garden building, support setting, pruning, reasonable fertilization, timed fruit thinning, timed fruit picking and the like, so that the average high yield can reach 1000 kg to 1500 kg per mu, and the actinidia lindl quality is effectively ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit is " king of fruit " who generally acknowledges, has the effects such as nutrition, health care, beauty treatment.Kiwi fruit is dioecian plant, and its artificial cultivation generally all needs to plant staminiferous plant could result to female plant pollination.According to the seminar of the 6th kiwi fruit branch of International Society for Horticultural Science of New Zealand in 2006, Japan's scientific and technical personnel seed selection without seed kiwi fruit female plant, single fruit weight 20-30 gram, need to join the pollination of staminiferous plant pollen, just can bear stenospermocarpy (embryo development abortion), female plant does not have parthenocarpy characteristic.
Seminar take retired professor professor Pei Changjun of Hunan University Of Jishou as host, through the hard research and discoveries of more than ten years, successfully select have parthenocarpy characteristic without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong "." Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " finds that from West Hunan wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis resource investigation Kiwifruit and Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia Lindl) are without seed strain, through observe for many years with meticulous seed selection form without seed kiwi fruit new varieties (the female type kind of educating of national the first kiwi fruit).These two kinds all have parthenocarpy characteristic (Genetic Function), not needing to plant staminiferous plant pollinates and can bear stenospermocarpy, single fruit weight-0-80 gram, this is to claim the monkey peach proterties that kind does not have both at home and abroad, can save kiwi fruit industry development cost, this is also innovative point place and the research and development value place of these two kinds.Obtain " Xiang Ji " on May 1st, 2011 the new variety of plant warrant book that the national Ministry of Agriculture authorizes (kind power number: CNA20080767.6), obtain on March 20th, 2012 card of trademark registration that trademark office of State Administration for Industry & Commerce authorizes (
*zC8601716ZC
*).Submit kind power application to new variety of plant protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture " Xiang Jihong " on June 10th, 2010; the plant protection of acquisition on June 18th, 2010 Ministry of Agriculture is done the application of kind power and is accepted book; obtain Ministry of Agriculture's plant protection on August 10th, 2010 and do kind power application preliminary inquiry Qualified letter of notice, Ministry of Agriculture's plant protection is done to draft and is sent in August, 2014 auditor to carry out site inspection to " Xiang Jihong " kind.The appearance of " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " kind, in practice, fill up the blank of domestic and international kiwi fruit research field, the traditional concept of having broken in theory gardening circle long-standing " kiwi fruit does not have parthenocarpy characteristic ", its scientific achievement is reached the international leading level.
Without seed kiwi fruit new varieties flower and fruit protecting and avoid other staminiferous plants florescence pollen meet pollination and cause kiwi fruit to have seed to become the key problem in technology without seed kiwi fruit high yield and high quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
1, select field: select average annual temperature 11.3-16.9 ℃, annual precipitation 800-1000mm soil layer deep, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage conveniently, leeward face south, have a good transport service, pollution-free source, ecotope are good, be applicable to Kiwi growth grows the area of requirement and build garden.Garden should not be built in mountain top head, air port place and low-lying valley floor.
2, build orchard: the moat of raising of ditching, mountain region is built garden and is built garden by the standard ditch spacing of line-spacing 4-4.5 rice by line-spacing 3-3.5 rice, level land, ditch depth 0.8-1 rice, furrow width 0.9-1 rice, the table digging out soil and subsoil pile up separately; In ditch, first tamp the green manure that 0.3-0.4 rice is thick (weeds, dry branches and fallen leaves etc.), the soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding face 0.20-0.3 rice peripherally, forms field planting ditch; On the face of the ridge of field planting ditch, dig planting pit by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, often spread manuer in holes cake fertilizer 0.5-1 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kilogram, composite fertilizer special 0.3-0.5 kilogram, mix with farmyard manure, prevents fertilizer fermentation burn shoot root.
Build the preferred version in orchard:
Mountain region is built garden and is built garden by the standard ditch spacing of 4 meters of line-spacings by 3 meters of line-spacings, level land, 0.8 meter of ditch depth, 1 meter of furrow width, the table digging out soil and subsoil pile up separately; In ditch, first tamp 0.3 meter of thick green manure (weeds, dry branches and fallen leaves etc.), the soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding peripherally 0.3 meter, face, forms field planting ditch; On the face of the ridge of field planting ditch, dig planting pit by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, 0.5 kilogram, the cake fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.3 kilogram of composite fertilizer special, mix with farmyard manure, prevents fertilizer fermentation burn shoot root.
3, planting stock: in solar calendar late Febuary planting stock; Before seedling planting, first soak 3～5 minutes with root-growing agent, then by mountain region nursery stock strain, line-spacing 3 × 3 meters of (74 plants/acre), level land nursery stock strains, 2 × 4 meters of (83 plants/acre) standard field planting of line-spacing; Seedling planting is removed grafting film after sprouting raw branch in time; Select strong, a upright shoot to be cultivated as trunk, all the other bud erase alls; Adopt the bamboo pole oblique cutting of 2 meters of length, 0.03 meter of rugosity on nursery stock side, nursery stock base portion is tied up in bamboo pole bottom, tie up at bamboo pole top nursery stock end of the branch, cultivates upright trunk, prevents distortion; Heavy pinching in the time that shoot grows to 1.5-1.6 meters (" disconnected mountain peak ", wipes out sub-fraction branch), makes it sprout gradually 4 major branches of pumping, 0.15～0.20 meter of interval, and as a result of female branch is cultivated; On bearing basal shoot, evenly configure multiple fruit bearing shoot every 0.15～0.2 meter; By demand configuration vegetative shoot; Annual fertilising 3～6 times, take foliage fertilizer as main.
4, set up support: then or draw the support (concrete column) of setting up on branch next year, in time shoot is strapped on support, traction shoot upwards grows.
5, pruning: beginning after fruit without the field planting of seed kiwi fruit new varieties, is main by winter pruning, and summer pruning is auxiliary principle, adopts the method for " cultivating a trunk, four bearing basal shoots and multiple fruit bearing shoot " to carry out pruning.
Winter pruning, after fallen leaves, carry out to the resting stage (mid-November is to late December then) before the bleeding phase, adopt short cutting (annual branch cuts off a part), contracting to cut (within 2 years, above perennial branch carries out cutting back), prune methods such as (annual branch or perennial branch are wiped out from base portion) off.Excessive growth vegetative shoot stays 5～6 short cutting of bud, excessive growth fruit bearing shoot stays 4～5 short cutting of bud on setting fruit position, and long fruit branch stays 3～4 short cutting of bud, and medium fruit branch stays 2～3 short cutting of bud, shortly cut or contract and while cutting, above clip bud, stay the stub of 3～4 centimetres, in case clip bud is withered; Fruit spur and cripetura fruit branch are not pruned; The own result healthy and strong bearing basal shoot of 3 years, healthy and strong position is cut in contracting, and thin and weak bearing basal shoot is wiped out from base portion; Other position raw thin and delicate branch, withered branch, intersection branch, Mi Shengzhi, overlapping branch, sick branch, the inadequate developmental branch of growth and rhizosphere and sprouts Tiller branch, wipes out from base portion.
Summer pruning, carried out in annual mid-May to mid-August, adopted bud picking, pinching, the short method such as cut, and carried out several times.On stock, the rudiment of trunk base portion erases in time; The secondary of sprouting after excessive growth sexual development branch and fruit bearing shoot pinching slightly stays 2～3 leaf pinching; Excessive growth fruit bearing shoot and long fruit branch, from upwards number 5～6 bud pinching of reservation or short cutting of last fruit; The excessive growth sexual development branch of sprouting on permanent major branch or bearing basal shoot is wiped out from base portion without exception except giving over to preparation branch.
6, the rational application of fertilizer:
Execute rhizosphere base manure, late January in late December to next year after annual fruit picking carries out: cake fertilizer 1-1.2 kilogram, composite fertilizer special 0.5-0.7 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kilogram, potassium sulfate 0.3-0.4 kilogram are mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6-0.70 rice, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4-0.45 rice, wide 0.3-0.35 rice, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
Execute rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer, carry out in annual late May: by cake fertilizer 0.5-0.7 kilogram, composite fertilizer special 0.5-0.7 kilogram, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6-0.7 rice, respectively dig symmetrically a cave in the peripheral four directions of trunk, cave diameter 0.3-0.35 rice, dark 0.4-0.45 rice, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
Execute foliage fertilizer (micro fertilizer special, bio-bacterial manure etc.), each spray 2～3 times before blooming, before at 9 in Xie Huahou morning and after at 4 in afternoon, in order to flower and fruit protecting, improve percentage of fertile fruit; Fruit growth period (5～August) spray 3～4 times, in order to fruit retention and strong fruit; Spray 1～2 time before fruit picking, in order to fruit retention and recovery tree vigo(u)r.
In addition, adhere to green manuring (safflower grass seed, orchid grass seed, common vetch, Radish etc.) annual autumn; Between adhering to summer, plant other crop (soya bean, peanut, Chinese herbal medicine etc.), maintain park by park, increases soil fertility.
Execute the preferred version of rhizosphere base manure: 0.3 kilogram, 1 kilogram, cake fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer special, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from 0.6 meter of of trunk, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4 meter, wide 0.3 meter, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
Execute the preferred version of rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer: by 0.5 kilogram, cake fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer special, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from 0.6 meter of of trunk, respectively dig symmetrically a cave, 0.3 meter of cave diameter in the peripheral four directions of trunk, dark 0.4 meter, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
7, in good time fruit thinning: carrying out in annual mid-May, offside fruit (have 3 fruits on fruit ear, stay top fruit, thin side fruit), malformed fruit, small and weak fruit, sick wormed fruit etc. remove in good time, keep result even, and 400～500 fruits of fruit are stayed in every strain.
8, in good time fruit picking: annual late September is to early October, in good time fruit picking when fruit soluble solids content reaches 6.2%～7.2%.
According to culture technique of the present invention, high yield period average yield per mu can reach 1000-1500 kilogram, and can effectively guarantee fruit quality.
go through without the annual operation of seed kiwi fruit new varieties high-yield high-grade culture technique
Claims (5)
1. the culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic, is characterized in that:
1. select field: select average annual temperature 11.3-16.9 ℃, the area of annual precipitation 800-1000mm to build garden;
2. build orchard: the moat of raising of ditching, mountain region is built garden and is built garden by the standard ditch spacing of line-spacing 4-4.5 rice by line-spacing 3-3.5 rice, level land, ditch depth 0.8-1 rice, furrow width 0.9-1 rice, the table digging out soil and subsoil pile up separately; In ditch, first tamp the green manure that 0.3-0.4 rice is thick, the soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding face 0.20-0.3 rice peripherally, forms field planting ditch; On the face of the ridge of field planting ditch, dig planting pit by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, often spread manuer in holes cake fertilizer 0.5-1 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kilogram, composite fertilizer special 0.3-0.5 kilogram, mix with farmyard manure, prevents fertilizer fermentation burn shoot root;
3. planting stock: in solar calendar late Febuary planting stock; Before seedling planting, first soak 3～5 minutes with root-growing agent, then by mountain region nursery stock strain, 3 × 3 meters of line-spacings, level land nursery stock strain, 2 × 4 meters of standard field planting of line-spacing; Seedling planting is removed grafting film after sprouting raw branch in time; Select strong, a upright shoot to be cultivated as trunk, all the other bud erase alls; Adopt bamboo pole oblique cutting on nursery stock side, nursery stock base portion is tied up in bamboo pole bottom, tie up at bamboo pole top nursery stock end of the branch, cultivates upright trunk, prevents distortion; Heavy pinching in the time that shoot grows to 1.5-1.6 meters, makes it sprout gradually 4 major branches of pumping, 0.15～0.20 meter of interval, and as a result of female branch is cultivated; On bearing basal shoot, evenly configure multiple fruit bearing shoot every 0.15～0.2 meter; By demand configuration vegetative shoot; Annual fertilising 3～6 times, take foliage fertilizer as main;
4. set up support: then or draw the support of setting up on branch next year, in time shoot is strapped on support, traction shoot upwards grows;
5. pruning: beginning after fruit without the field planting of seed kiwi fruit new varieties, is main by winter pruning, and summer pruning is auxiliary principle, adopts the method for " cultivating a trunk, four bearing basal shoots and multiple fruit bearing shoot " to carry out pruning;
Winter pruning is carried out to the resting stage before the bleeding phase after fallen leaves, adopts the method such as cut, prune off of shortly cutting, contract; Excessive growth vegetative shoot stays 5～6 short cutting of bud, excessive growth fruit bearing shoot stays 4～5 short cutting of bud on setting fruit position, and long fruit branch stays 3～4 short cutting of bud, and medium fruit branch stays 2～3 short cutting of bud, shortly cut or contract and while cutting, above clip bud, stay the stub of 3～4 centimetres, in case clip bud is withered; Fruit spur and cripetura fruit branch are not pruned; The own result healthy and strong bearing basal shoot of 3 years, healthy and strong position is cut in contracting, and thin and weak bearing basal shoot is wiped out from base portion; Other position raw thin and delicate branch, withered branch, intersection branch, Mi Shengzhi, overlapping branch, sick branch, the inadequate developmental branch of growth and rhizosphere and sprouts Tiller branch, wipes out from base portion;
Summer pruning, carried out in annual mid-May to mid-August, adopted bud picking, pinching, the short method such as cut, and carried out several times; On stock, the rudiment of trunk base portion erases in time; The secondary of sprouting after excessive growth sexual development branch and fruit bearing shoot pinching slightly stays 2～3 leaf pinching; Excessive growth fruit bearing shoot and long fruit branch, from upwards number 5～6 bud pinching of reservation or short cutting of last fruit; The excessive growth sexual development branch of sprouting on permanent major branch or bearing basal shoot is wiped out from base portion without exception except giving over to preparation branch;
6. the rational application of fertilizer:
Execute rhizosphere base manure, late January in late December to next year after annual fruit picking carries out: cake fertilizer 1-1.2 kilogram, composite fertilizer special 0.5-0.7 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kilogram, potassium sulfate 0.3-0.4 kilogram are mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6-0.70 rice, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4-0.45 rice, wide 0.3-0.35 rice, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing;
Execute rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer, carry out in annual late May: by cake fertilizer 0.5-0.7 kilogram, composite fertilizer special 0.5-0.7 kilogram, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from trunk 0.6-0.7 rice, respectively dig symmetrically a cave in the peripheral four directions of trunk, cave diameter 0.3-0.35 rice, dark 0.4-0.45 rice, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing;
Execute foliage fertilizer, each spray 2～3 times before blooming, before at 9 in Xie Huahou morning and after at 4 in afternoon, fruit growth period spray 3～4 times, spray 1～2 time before fruit picking;
7. in good time fruit thinning: carrying out in annual mid-May, offside fruit, malformed fruit, small and weak fruit, sick wormed fruit etc. remove in good time, keeps result even, and 400～500 fruits of fruit are stayed in every strain;
8. in good time fruit picking: annual late September is to early October, in good time fruit picking when fruit soluble solids content reaches 6.2%～7.2%.
2. the culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 2. step build the preferred version in orchard: mountain region is built garden and is built garden by the standard ditch spacing of 4 meters of line-spacings by 3 meters of line-spacings, level land, 0.8 meter of ditch depth, 1 meter of furrow width, the table digging out soil and subsoil pile up separately; In ditch, first tamp 0.3 meter of thick green manure, the soil of then filling in a form, finally fills out subsoil to exceeding peripherally 0.3 meter, face, forms field planting ditch; On the face of the ridge of field planting ditch, dig planting pit by the standard on 3 meters, spacing in the rows mountain region, 2 meters, level land, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, 0.5 kilogram, the cake fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.3 kilogram of composite fertilizer special, mix with farmyard manure, prevents fertilizer fermentation burn shoot root.
3. a kind of culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the 2 meters of bamboo pole length, 0.03 meter of rugosity adopting while 3. walking planting stock.
4. a kind of culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 6. step execute the preferred version of rhizosphere base manure: 0.3 kilogram, 1 kilogram, cake fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer special, 0.2 kilogram, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate mixed with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from 0.6 meter of of trunk, dig an annular groove, dark 0.4 meter, wide 0.3 meter, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
5. a kind of culture technique without seed kiwi fruit new varieties " Xiang Ji " and " Xiang Jihong " high yield and high quality with parthenocarpy characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 6. step execute the preferred version of rhizosphere fruit-promoting fertilizer: by 0.5 kilogram, cake fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer special, mixes with farmyard manure, centered by trunk, apart from 0.6 meter of of trunk, respectively dig symmetrically a cave, 0.3 meter of cave diameter, dark 0.4 meter in the peripheral four directions of trunk, apply the fertilizer of mixing thoroughly, execute rear earthing.
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| CN104584972A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-06 | 张端瑛 | Cultivation technique for vitamin C selenium-rich kiwi fruit |
| CN105830846A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-10 | 无锡市田韵蔬果专业合作社 | Planting method of Lijiang snow peaches |
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| CN106212071A (en) * | 2016-06-19 | 2016-12-14 | 崔丽红 | A kind of method that induction Fructus actinidiae chinensis " summer millet " kind parthenocarpy produces stenospermocarpy |
| CN108990656A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-14 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | It is a kind of to prevent the high desk-top cultural method in the high compartment of rotten of Kiwi berry and early leaf fall |
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| CN104126476A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-05 | 广元市绿多苗木专业合作社 | Double-layer high-yield natural pollination planting method for kiwi fruits |
| CN104126476B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-09-14 | 广元市绿多苗木专业合作社 | Fructus actinidiae chinensis bilayer high yield spontaneous pollination implantation methods |
| CN105875316A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆市万盛经开区通越猕猴桃种植园 | Planting method of kiwi trees |
| CN104584972A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-06 | 张端瑛 | Cultivation technique for vitamin C selenium-rich kiwi fruit |
| CN104584972B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-01-18 | 张端瑛 | Cultivation technique for vitamin C selenium-rich kiwi fruit |
| CN105830846A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-10 | 无锡市田韵蔬果专业合作社 | Planting method of Lijiang snow peaches |
| CN106212071A (en) * | 2016-06-19 | 2016-12-14 | 崔丽红 | A kind of method that induction Fructus actinidiae chinensis " summer millet " kind parthenocarpy produces stenospermocarpy |
| CN108990656A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-14 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | It is a kind of to prevent the high desk-top cultural method in the high compartment of rotten of Kiwi berry and early leaf fall |
| CN109673360A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 吉首大学 | A kind of fast breeding method of south Cortex Eucommiae grafting |
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